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Almeida MN, Alper DP, Parikh N, De Baun H, Kammien A, Persing JA, Alperovich M. Comparison of emotional and behavioral regulation between metopic and sagittal synostosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06387-8. [PMID: 38691155 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with surgically corrected nonsyndromic craniosynostosis have been previously found to have neurocognitive and behavioral difficulties. Children with metopic synostosis have been described to have more difficulties than children with sagittal synostosis. This study aims to characterize the behavioral differences between children with metopic and sagittal synostosis. METHODS Children with metopic and sagittal synostosis were recruited at school age. Parents completed four separated behavioral assessments: Conners-3 (evaluation of ADHD), Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2: evaluation of autism), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2: evaluation of executive function), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL: evaluation of overall behavioral problems). Children underwent intelligence quotient (IQ) testing using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II). RESULTS There were 91 children (45 with metopic and 46 with sagittal synostosis). More children with metopic synostosis reported requiring supportive services (57.7% vs 34.7%, p = 0.02) and more reached or exceeded borderline clinical levels of two executive function subscales of the BRIEF-2 (emotion regulation index: 33.3% vs 17.4%, p = 0.05; global executive composite: 33.3% vs 17.4%, p = 0.05). Children with sagittal synostosis had higher scores on the rule-breaking and externalizing problem subscales of the CBCL. Increasing age at surgery was associated with worse executive function scores. CONCLUSIONS A relationship between suture subtype and behavioral outcomes exists at school age. More children with metopic synostosis required social services indicating more overall difficulties. Children with metopic synostosis have more specific problems with executive function, while children with sagittal synostosis had more difficulties with externalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Almeida
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David P Alper
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heloise De Baun
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kammien
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John A Persing
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Alperovich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Moscarelli J, Almeida MN, Lacadie C, Hu KG, Ihnat JMH, Parikh N, Persing JA, Alperovich M. A diffusion tensor imaging comparison of white matter development in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis to neurotypical infants. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1477-1487. [PMID: 38175271 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) is associated with neurocognitive deficits, and intervention at infancy is standard of care to limit the negative effects of NSC on brain development. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was implemented to investigate white matter microstructure in infants with NSC undergoing cranial vault remodeling, and a comparison was made with white matter development in neurotypical controls. METHODS Infants presenting with NSC (n = 12) underwent DTI scans before and after cranial vault remodeling. Neurotypical infants (n = 5), age matched to NSC patients at preoperative scans, were compared to preoperative DTI scans. Pre- and postoperative NSC scans were compared in aggregate, and the sagittal synostosis (n = 8) patients were evaluated separately. Finally, neurotypical infants from the University of North Carolina/University of New Mexico Baby Connectome Project (BCP), who underwent DTI scans at timepoints matching the NSC pre- and postoperative DTI scans, were analyzed (n = 9). Trends over the same time period were compared between NSC and BCP scans. RESULTS No significant differences were found between preoperative NSC scans and controls. White matter development was more limited in NSC patients than in BCP patients, with microstructural parameters of the corpus body and genu and inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi consistently lagging behind developmental changes observed in healthy patients. CONCLUSION Infant white matter development appears more limited in NSC patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling relative to that in neurotypical controls. Further investigation is needed to explore these differences and the specific effects of early surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Moscarelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mariana N Almeida
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Cheryl Lacadie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin G Hu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jacqueline M H Ihnat
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Persing
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael Alperovich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Furtado LMF, Teles LR, Martins da Costa SADA, de Souza Matos VU, Teixeira NM, Gonçalves CA, Filho JADCV. Systematic Review of the Clinical and Experimental Research Assessing the Effects of Craniosynostosis on the Brain. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1160-1164. [PMID: 36184763 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neurocognitive impairment has been considered as the main argument for the surgical treatment of craniosynostosis (CS), recent studies reported subtle deficits in neurological function even in operated patients. However, the cause of these deficits remains poorly understood. This systematic review sought to examine the impact of CS on the brain microstructure, mainly on functional connectivity, and comprehensively summarize the clinical and experimental research available on this topic. A systematic review was performed considering the publications of the last 20 years in PubMed and Web of Science, including relevant human and animal studies of the types of brain-microstructure disturbances in CS. Among the 560 papers identified, 11 were selected for analysis. Seven of those were conducted in humans and 4 in animal models. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, task-based magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging were the main instruments used to investigate brain connectivity in humans. The main findings were increased connectivity of the posterior segment of cingulum gyri, reduced interconnectivity of the frontal lobes, and reduced diffusivity on diffusion tensor imaging, which were associated with hyperactivity behaviors and poorer performance on neurocognitive tests. Conversely, despite the lack of evidence of brain dysfunction in animal studies, they reported a tendency toward the development of hyperactive behaviors and impairment of neurocognitive function. Skull restriction caused by CS apparently chronically increases the intracranial pressure and produces white matter injuries. The current evidence supports the contention that an early surgical approach could minimize brain-connectivity impairment in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas R Teles
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | | | | | - Carlos A Gonçalves
- Neuroscience and Management Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Moreno-Villagómez J, Yáñez-Téllez G, Prieto-Corona B, Seubert-Ravelo AN, García A, Hernández-Echeagaray E. Cognitive performance in preschoolers with non-syndromic craniosynostosis undergoing surgery: A comparison with typically developing children. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36840597 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2183476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the cognitive profile of preschool children undergoing surgery to correct non-syndromic craniosynostosis, compare them with typically developing children, and analyze possible cognitive deficits in the most prevalent subtypes: sagittal and unicoronal. Thirty-one children aged 3 years to 5 years and 11 months with non-syndromic craniosynostosis (11 sagittal, 9 unicoronal, 4 metopic, 3 lambdoid, 4 multisutural) who underwent surgery were compared with thirty-one typically developing children. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III) was used to assess cognitive function. Children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis scored below the typically developing children in the Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ) and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FISQ). When specific subtypes were compared, children with sagittal synostosis scored similarly to the typically developing children; in contrast, children with unicoronal synostosis had lower performance in the Processing Speed Quotient and FISQ. The proportion of participants scoring below one standard deviation on the VIQ, General Language Composite, and FISQ was greater in the non-syndromic craniosynostosis group. This study supports the finding that children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis, particularly those with unicoronal synostosis, have more cognitive difficulties than those with normal development. Assessing cognition at preschool age in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis is important in order to detect difficulties before they become more apparent at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Moreno-Villagómez
- Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez
- Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Belén Prieto-Corona
- Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ana Natalia Seubert-Ravelo
- Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Antonio García
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad "La Raza" IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Echeagaray
- Biomedical Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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5
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Fotouhi AR, Chiang SN, Peterson AM, Doering MM, Skolnick GB, Naidoo SD, Strahle JM, McEvoy SD, Patel KB. Neurodevelopment in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2023; 31:16-23. [PMID: 36272117 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.peds22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current literature on unilateral coronal craniosynostosis is replete with repair techniques and surgical outcomes; however, information regarding neurodevelopment remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis compared with their healthy peers or normative data. METHODS A systematic review of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from database inception to January 19, 2022, was performed. Included studies assessed neurodevelopment of patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis. Two independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results of developmental tests were compared with normative data or controls to generate Hedges' g statistics for meta-analysis. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included and analyzed, with an overall fair reporting quality. A meta-analysis of 325 postoperative patients demonstrated that scores of general neurodevelopment were below average but within one standard deviation of the norm (Hedges' g = -0.68 [95% CI -0.90 to -0.45], p < 0.001). Similarly, postoperative patients exhibited lower scores in verbal, psychomotor, and mathematic outcome assessments. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis found that patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis had poorer neurodevelopment, although scores generally remained within the normal range. These data may guide implementation of regular neurocognitive assessments and early learning support of patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahita R Fotouhi
- 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah N Chiang
- 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew M Peterson
- 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michelle M Doering
- 3Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Gary B Skolnick
- 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sybill D Naidoo
- 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sean D McEvoy
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kamlesh B Patel
- 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Smetona J, Junn A, Dinis J, Lopez J, Lu X, Alperovich M, Persing JA. Current Controversies in Craniosynostosis Research: A Tribute to Ian Jackson. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:1199-1203. [PMID: 33306645 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Smetona
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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7
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Yu M, Ma L, Yuan Y, Ye X, Montagne A, He J, Ho TV, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Sta Maria N, Jacobs R, Urata M, Wang H, Zlokovic BV, Chen JF, Chai Y. Cranial Suture Regeneration Mitigates Skull and Neurocognitive Defects in Craniosynostosis. Cell 2021; 184:243-256.e18. [PMID: 33417861 PMCID: PMC7891303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis results from premature fusion of the cranial suture(s), which contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are crucial for calvarial expansion in coordination with brain growth. Infants with craniosynostosis have skull dysmorphology, increased intracranial pressure, and complications such as neurocognitive impairment that compromise quality of life. Animal models recapitulating these phenotypes are lacking, hampering development of urgently needed innovative therapies. Here, we show that Twist1+/- mice with craniosynostosis have increased intracranial pressure and neurocognitive behavioral abnormalities, recapitulating features of human Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Using a biodegradable material combined with MSCs, we successfully regenerated a functional cranial suture that corrects skull deformity, normalizes intracranial pressure, and rescues neurocognitive behavior deficits. The regenerated suture creates a niche into which endogenous MSCs migrated, sustaining calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. MSC-based cranial suture regeneration offers a paradigm shift in treatment to reverse skull and neurocognitive abnormalities in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Naomi Sta Maria
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Russell Jacobs
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mark Urata
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Neurological Functional Connectivity in Unilateral Coronal Synostosis: A Side-Based Comparison. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 32:910-914. [PMID: 33252527 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Unicoronal synostosis (UCS) has been associated with reading, language, and social dysfunction. Limited brain function connectivity studies exist for UCS with none devoted to comparing outcomes by side of synostosis (left versus right-sided UCS). METHODS Twelve patients with surgically treated UCS, 7 right-sided and 5 left-sided, were age matched to healthy controls. Resting state functional MRI was acquired in a 3T Siemens TIM Trio scanner (Erlangen, Germany). Data was collected with intrinsic connectivity distribution and seed-connectivity analysis using BioImage Suite (Yale School of Medicine). Region of interest analysis was performed based on Brodmann areas related to emotional, executive, language, motor, and visuo-spatial function. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Compared to controls, all UCS patients demonstrated decreased connectivity in areas of the parietal and temporal cortices responsible for visuo-motor coordination and language function. Right UCS patients demonstrated decreased intrinsic connectivity in regions related to complex motor movement and proprioception relative to control subjects. Left UCS patients demonstrated decreased seed connectivity between regions of the parietal lobe and occipital lobe related to motor coordination, visual function, and language compared to right UCS patients. CONCLUSION Unicoronal synostosis had decreased functional connectivity in regions associated with memory, visual information processing, and motor function. Moreover, left-sided UCS had decreased connectivity in circuits for motor coordination and language when compared to right-sided UCS. This study provides data suggestive of long-term sequelae of UCS that varies by sidedness, which may be responsible for neurocognitive impairments found in previous cognitive analyses.
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9
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Cognitive performance of preschool children with different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis. BRAIN IMPAIR 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Craniosynostosis is defined as a premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. Several studies have revealed cognitive deficits in some children who had undergone surgery to treat craniosynostosis. However, no general distinction has been drawn in the cognitive abilities between the various types of craniosynostosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze if there is a difference in cognitive and motor function among the different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis in preschool children.Methods:Twenty-seven children with different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition, as well as the Quantitative, Memory and Motor scales of McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). The children were aged between 3 and 5 years and 11 months. The various types of craniosynostosis were compared.Results:The unicoronal synostosis group performed significantly worse than the multisuture synostosis group on the MSCA Motor scale. No differences in cognitive functions were found between the various types of craniosynostosis.Conclusions:Children with unicoronal synostosis may experience impaired motor skills and screening of their motor ability is recommended.
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Verlut I, Mottolese C, Szathmari A, Banvillet E, Poncet A, Blache A, Rousselle C, Gleizal A, Paulus C, Di Rocco F. [Neuropsychological consequences of craniosynostosis: Non-syndromic scaphocephaly]. Neurochirurgie 2019; 65:330-336. [PMID: 31585152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scaphocephaly increases the rate of some modifications of cognitive and mood profile in a manner that remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the impact of scaphocephaly on neuropsychological profile and more particularly on the executive functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS An experimental group of 19 children older than 5 years, operated on for scaphocephaly, was compared with a control group of 10 children operated on for trigonocephaly, using IQ tasks, attention tasks and mood scales. A group of 6 children from 2 to 4 years old, operated on for scaphocephaly, and a group of 6 children with non-operated scaphocephaly are also described. RESULTS Both the experimental group and the control group showed unchanged IQ, whereas attention deficit and anxiety disorder were more frequent in the experimental group. Cognitive profiles differed between groups, with a higher rate of impaired inhibitory control of visual processing in the scaphocephaly group, contrasting with a higher rate of impaired auditory verbal working memory in the trigonocephaly group. Comparable profiles were also found in groups of younger or non-operated children with scaphocephaly. CONCLUSIONS Many children with scaphocephaly must cope with a specific neuropsychological profile throughout development. This study suggests the interest for these children and their families of specific follow-up in reference centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Verlut
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - C Mottolese
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - A Szathmari
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - E Banvillet
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - A Poncet
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - A Blache
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - C Rousselle
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - A Gleizal
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - C Paulus
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - F Di Rocco
- Service de neurochirurgie, centre de référence des malformations craniofaciales, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, université de Lyon 1, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
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