1
|
Li W, Zhang Y, Li X, Xie M, Dong L, Jin M, Lu Q, Zhang M, Xue F, Jiang L, Yu Q. Causal association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with chronic sinusitis and chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2975-2984. [PMID: 38217725 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring bidirectional causal associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids and chronic sinusitis, respectively. METHODS We first conducted a TSMR (two-sample mendelian randomization) study using the results of the inverse variance weighting method as the primary basis and bidirectional MR to rule out reverse causation. Subsequently, MVMR (multivariate MR) analysis was performed to identify phenotypes associated with SNPs and to explore the independent effect of GERD on two outcomes. Finally, we calculated MR-Egger intercepts to assess horizontal polytropy and Cochran's Q statistic to assess heterogeneity and ensure the robustness of the study. RESULTS For each standard deviation increase in genetically predicted GERD rate, there was an increased risk of chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids (OR 1.162, 95% CI 1.036-1.304, P: 1.06E-02) and of developing chronic sinusitis (OR 1.365, 95% CI 1.185-1.572, P: 1.52E-05), and there was no reverse causality. Causality for TSMR was obtained on the basis of IVW (inverse variance weighting) and appeared to be reliable in almost all sensitivity analyses, whereas body mass index may be a potential mediator of causality between GERD and chronic sinusitis. CONCLUSION There is a causal association between GERD and chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids and chronic sinusitis, respectively, and the occurrence of GERD increases the risk of developing chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids and chronic sinusitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengtong Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingxing Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fengyu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lintong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi D, Zhao H, Chen G, Jin X, Wu Z, Wang J, Chen J. The effects of treating GERD on the outcomes of otitis media with effusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104061. [PMID: 37806281 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may cause otitis media with effusion (OME). However, whether treating GERD can benefit patients with OME has not been well studied. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases. The search period was from the establishment of the databases until December 31, 2022. Clinical studies related to GERD treatment on the outcomes of OME were included. Two reviewers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, we used the NOS assessment tool and the RevMan 5.4. Subgroup analysis was conducted to reduce the risk of heterogeneity, and Egger and Begg funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata14.0 and Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS Finally, 21,744 patients from 16 studies were included. The results showed that the rate of GERD in OME patients was 0.56 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.79), while it was 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.03, 0.05) in the adult GERD population. The combined risk ratio (RR) of OME in patients with versus without GERD was 1.58 (95 % CI: 1.35, 1.85; p < 0.01). The efficacy rate of GERD treatment in OME patients was 0.59 (95 % CI: 0.44, 0.74), especially for those with chronic OME (0.64, 95 % CI: 0.36, 0.92). Compared to the control group, treatment with GERD improved the symptoms and efficacy of OME (OR = 1.65; 95 % CI: 0.95, 2.85; p > 0.05). The hearing loss cure rate was 0.70 (95 % CI: 0.57, 0.82). CONCLUSION GERD has been suggested to be a high-risk factor for OME. Treatment of GERD can improve the symptoms of OME. However, further studies are required to verify these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dike Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Hanxin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhejiang University Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Guofeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung Y, Cho A, Yang S, Jeon Y, Bae SH. Patients Requiring Gastrostomy Tube Insertion After Total Laryngectomy Have a Higher Incidence of Otitis Media. J Audiol Otol 2021; 26:31-35. [PMID: 34963275 PMCID: PMC8755433 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2021.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Some reports propose an increased risk of otitis media and hearing impairment after total laryngectomy. However, the incidence of otitis media following laryngectomy and the mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of otitis media after total laryngectomy. Subjects and Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed 77 patients who underwent total laryngectomy from 2010 to 2020 in a tertiary referral center. Serial imaging studies (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography-CT) were used to assess otitis media. Results The study enrolled 58 patients (mean age, 67.0±7.7 years; male, 56 [96.6%]); nine (15.5%) underwent a gastrostomy tube (four preoperatively and five postoperatively). Otitis media was confirmed in seven (12.1%) patients. Gastrostomy tube insertion was the only significant risk factor for otitis media (p=0.012). Of the nine patients who underwent gastrostomy tube insertion, four developed otitis media; all four had the procedure after laryngectomy. Conclusions This study found an increased incidence of otitis media after total laryngectomy. Swallowing difficulties likely contribute to otitis media as it occurred more frequently in patients requiring postoperative gastrostomy tube insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngrak Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yutae Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elbeltagy R, Abdelhafeez M. Outcome of Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy in Children with Persistent Otitis Media with Effusion. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 26:e058-e062. [PMID: 35096159 PMCID: PMC8789499 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Otitis media with effusion (OME) is considered one of the most common disorders that affect children during the first years of life. There are many risk factors of persistent middle ear effusion; one of these risk factors is gastroesophageal reflux. Association between persistent OME and gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERDs) could be explained by respiratory tract infections, insufficient ciliary clearance, and poor drainage of the Eustachian tube.
Objective To investigate whether the control of gastroesophageal reflux plays a role in the management of persistent OME and decreases tympanostomy tube insertion
Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children complaining of persistent OME. Their ages ranged between 5 and 12 years old. All children were subjected to full history taking, audiological assessment and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. The study group was divided according to pH results into two groups: GERD positives and GERD negatives.
Result The prevalence of GERD in persistent OME was 58%. There were statistically significant differences in the hearing levels and middle ear condition before and after the treatment (p < 0.05). The percentage of improvement of children complaining of persistent OME after antireflux treatment was 52%.
Conclusion Gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered in patients with persistent OME. The administration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) can set aside superfluous surgical treatment (such as tympanostomy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audio-Vestibular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelhafeez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dziekiewicz M, Cudejko R, Banasiuk M, Dembiński Ł, Skarżyński H, Radzikowski A, Banaszkiewicz A. Frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 138:110304. [PMID: 32828019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have suggested that the reflux of gastric contents can cause adenoid hypertrophy (AH). The frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in this AH population is unknown, but according to studies using pH-metry it may be as high as 65%. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of GERD among children with AH. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multicentre, prospective study of children with AH selected for adenoidectomy. The diagnosis of AH was made by a single laryngologist using a flexible fiberscope. All children had 24-hr multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance (MII/pH) assessment. A GERD diagnosis was made using BioVIEW software analysis after manual review by a single investigator. RESULTS 38 consecutive patients (21 males, mean age 6.58 years) were enrolled in the study. GERD was diagnosed in 5 (13.2%) patients. A total of 1462 gastro-oesophageal reflux events (GERs) were detected by MII/pH and the majority (60.9%) were acidic. The only significant differences between the GERD-positive and GERD-negative groups were the total number of GERs, and the number of acid GERs. CONCLUSION It is first study using MII/pH to assess the frequency of GERD in children with AH. The data suggest that GERD in children with AH seems to be not as common as it was previously raised. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dziekiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I, Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Cudejko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, Mokra 17, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Banasiuk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I, Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dembiński
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I, Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, Mokra 17, Kajetany, 05-830, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Radzikowski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I, Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki I, Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JA, Schaffer CE, Mehta CH, Close MF, Nguyen SA, Meyer TA. Impact of early gastroesophageal reflux disease on childhood otologic outcomes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110069. [PMID: 32371356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence has suggested that children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) face increased risk for otologic disease. This study aims to evaluate otologic outcomes in children with GERD using a large pediatric hearing database. METHODS Data pertaining to children with GERD in the first year of life were extracted from the Audiological and Genetic Database. Subgroups included children with uncomplicated GERD, complicated GERD (with esophagitis), and GERD requiring surgery (fundoplication or fundoplasty). Main outcome measures included hearing loss (HL) prevalence, type, severity, and progression. Children without GERD in the first year of life served as controls. RESULTS 5747 children were diagnosed with GERD in the first year of life. Evidence of HL was present in 40.9% children with uncomplicated GERD, 63.1% in children with complicated GERD, 75% in children with GERD requiring surgical intervention, and 43.3% in controls (p < 0.001). Children with GERD requiring surgery demonstrated the highest odds of developing any HL (aOR 3.02 [1.40-7.26]), moderate-to-profound HL (aOR 3.44 [1.56-7.29]), and mixed HL (aOR 4.58 [2.07-9.65]) relative to children with uncomplicated or complicated GERD. GERD requiring surgery was independently associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction (aOR 2.41 [1.17-5.20]) and tympanostomy tube placement (aOR 6.23 [3.05-13.01]). CONCLUSION GERD diagnosed within the first year of life is associated with pediatric hearing impairment and otologic issues, including otitis media, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and need for tympanostomy tube placement. GERD requiring surgical intervention is particularly associated with hearing loss in this population. Children with GERD and HL deserve close audiologic follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Caroline E Schaffer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charmee H Mehta
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michaela F Close
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ted A Meyer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flowers H, Bérubé D, Ebrahimipour M, Perrier MF, Moloci S, Skoretz S. Swallowing behaviours and feeding environment in relation to communication development from early infancy to 6 years of age: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028850. [PMID: 31427327 PMCID: PMC6701691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the influences of early swallowing function and feeding environment on the development of communication will enhance prevention and intervention initiatives for young children. This scoping review will help elucidate key elements affecting the developmental trajectory of communicative systems, typically robust and well-developed by formal school entry. We aim to (1) map the current state of the literature in a growing field of interest that has the potential to advance knowledge translation, (2) identify existing gaps and (3) provide research direction for future investigations surrounding feeding-swallowing functions and environment that support or forestall communication development in young children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are proposing a scoping review to identify the breadth and depth of the existing literature regarding swallowing-feeding functions and environment relative to the onset and progression of communicative behaviours from infancy to 6 (<6;0) years of age. Our protocol delineates rigorous methods according to Arskey and O'Malley's framework and includes elaborations by Levac and colleagues. We will search the literature based on 10 databases, 17 peer-reviewed journals, 4 conference proceedings and 6 grey literature sources. Two authors will independently screen abstracts and review full articles, remaining blind to each other's results. A third author will contribute to resolving any discrepant results from both the abstract and article review. Subsequently, we will extract data and chart information from accepted articles using a pre-established data collection form. We will stratify results according to healthy versus impaired swallowing-feeding functions and communication development. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our scoping review does not require ethical approval. We will disseminate our final study results through international and national conference presentations, publication in a peer-reviewed journal and knowledge translation activities with stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Flowers
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du savoir - A Knowledge Institute, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Bérubé
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Ebrahimipour
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- In-patient Rehabilitation, Elisabeth-Bruyere Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-France Perrier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- In-patient Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Moloci
- In-patient Medical Units, Hopital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey Skoretz
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dewan K, Lieu J. A Clinical Trial of Proton Pump Inhibitors to Treat Children with Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion. J Int Adv Otol 2018; 14:245-249. [PMID: 30256198 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is considered a cause of otitis media with effusion (OME). This study aimed to investigate whether OME can be effectively treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), therefore implicating GER as a causative factor of OME. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PPI or placebo was randomly administered to enrolled subjects for 4-8 weeks. To monitor effusion status, subjects underwent monthly pneumatic otoscopy and acoustic reflectometry. At enrollment and at completion of treatment, subjects underwent an audiogram and tympanogram for assessing changes in hearing due to altered fluid levels in the middle ear. After the treatment period, tympanostomy tube placement was recommended for subjects with unresolved effusion. RESULTS This study enrolled 16 patients with an average age of 5.17 years. Between the treatment and placebo groups, there was no significant difference in the need for tympanostomy tubes. At completion of this study, patients receiving Lansoprazole demonstrated a significant improvement in pure tone average (p<0.01) and speech recognition thresholds (p=0.04). Four patients (25%) from the cohort dropped out of the study. Eight patients (50%) from the cohort required tympanostomy tube placement. CONCLUSION Owing to difficulties with recruitment and small sample size, this study was unable to demonstrate the use of PPI in treating OME. A larger study is needed for further evaluation of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Dewan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Judith Lieu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis/MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prospective Study of Gastroesophageal Reflux, Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2-Receptor Antagonists, and Risk of Hearing Loss. Ear Hear 2018; 38:21-27. [PMID: 27556519 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common and often treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor antagonists (H2-RAs). GERD has been associated with exposure of the middle ear to gastric contents, which could cause hearing loss. Treatment of GERD with PPIs and H2-RAs may decrease exposure of the middle ear to gastric acid and decrease the risk of hearing loss. We prospectively investigated the relation between GERD, use of PPIs and H2-RAs, and the risk of hearing loss in 54,883 women in Nurses' Health Study II. DESIGN Eligible participants, aged 41 to 58 years in 2005, provided information on medication use and GERD symptoms in 2005, answered the question on hearing loss in 2009 or in 2013, and did not report hearing loss starting before the date of onset of GERD symptoms or medication use. The primary outcome was self-reported hearing loss. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS During 361,872 person-years of follow-up, 9842 new cases of hearing loss were reported. Compared with no GERD symptoms, higher frequency of GERD symptoms was associated with higher risk of hearing loss (multivariable adjusted relative risks: <1 time/month 1.04 [0.97, 1.11], several times/week 1.17 [1.09, 1.25], daily 1.33 [1.19, 1.49]; p value for trend <0.001). After accounting for GERD symptoms, neither PPI nor H2-RA use was associated with the risk of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS GERD symptoms are associated with higher risk of hearing loss in women, but use of PPIs and H2-RAs are not independently associated with the risk.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma HY, Wu JL, Lu CY, Chen JM, Lee PI, Chang LY, Huang LM. Risk factors associated with severe influenza virus infections in hospitalized children during the 2013 to 2014 season. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
11
|
Abtahi SH, Kazerooni A, Brejis N, Abdeyazdan Z, Saneian H. Prevalence and characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux in children with otitis media in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:81. [PMID: 27274496 PMCID: PMC4879853 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.182212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media (OM) is the most common cause of childhood hearing loss and reason to visit the pediatrician. Furthermore, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been associated with a variety of upper aerodigestive tract symptoms or diseases, such as sinusitis, laryngitis, and otits. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of GER in children, aged 3 months to 7 years, with OM. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 50 children with OM and 50 healthy children. Presence of GER as the main variables was diagnosed by clinical examination in all studied children using the questionnaires with 2 age-stratified versions of the pediatric GER disease symptoms for children 2 years old and younger, and children 3-7 years old. RESULTS The prevalence of GER in children with OM and controls was 58% and 22% respectively (P = 0.0005). The frequency of irritability, congestion, and feeding complex in children with OM were significantly more than in control groups. Among children with recurrent acute OM (AOM), and chronic serous OM (CSOM) the prevalence of GER was significantly more than controls (61.1%, vs. 22% for AOM, P = 0.004, and 72.7% vs. 22%, P= 0.003). In children with AOM, regurgitation, vomiting, irritability and congestion were significantly higher than controls included. In children with CSOM, regurgitation, vomiting, and congestion were significantly higher than controls. CONCLUSION Results show a significant association between GER and OM, AOM and CSOM in children with OM compares to healthy children. This shows that looking for GER in children with OM may help improving treatments outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Abtahi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Kazerooni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nezamodin Brejis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdeyazdan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Saneian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beule A. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis, selected risk factors, comorbidities, and economic burden. GMS CURRENT TOPICS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2015; 14:Doc11. [PMID: 26770285 PMCID: PMC4702060 DOI: 10.3205/cto000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a relevant and prevalent medical condition in Germany, Europe and the world. If analysed in detail, the prevalence of CRS shows regional and temporary variety. In this review, currently available data regarding the prevalence of CRS is therefore sorted by country and/or region, time point of data collection and the CRS-definition employed. Risk factors like smoking and gastroesophageal reflux are discussed regarding their influence on CRS prevalence. Moreover, comorbidities of CRS, like asthma, conditions of the cardiovascular system and depression are listed and their influence on CRS is discussed. Furthermore, data on CRS prevalence in special cohorts, like immunocompromised patients, are presented. To estimate the economic burden of CRS, current data e.g. from Germany and the USA are included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Beule
- ENT Department, University of Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Günbey E, Gören İ, Ünal R, Yılmaz M. An evaluation of olfactory function in adults with gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:214-8. [PMID: 26479309 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1099735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the olfactory function of adult patients diagnosed with GERD. The results revealed that adults with GERD have diminished olfactory function. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory abilities of subjects using the 'Sniffin' Sticks' olfactory test. METHODS A total of 35 men and women aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of GERD and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test results of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between the study findings and the olfactory parameters was evaluated. RESULTS The odor threshold (10.1; 9.5, p = 0.016), odor identification (9.6; 8.1, p < 0.001), and odor discrimination (10.7; 8.9, p < 0.001) of the GERD group were significantly lower than those of the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between the accompanying chronic pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis, and odor parameters. A significant correlation was not detected between the laryngeal findings and the olfactory parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Günbey
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - İbrahim Gören
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Recep Ünal
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Melikşah Yılmaz
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Associations between peripheral vertigo and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:333-5. [PMID: 26115947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that peripheral vertigo is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Two mechanisms could be considered – gastric acids may directly irritate the respiratory mucosa and cause inflammation, or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) could be present and cause local infection. Reflux material (Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsin) could get into the middle ear via Eustachian tube and affect osseous structures directly. Disturbance of ossicles could cause tinnitus, which is more common for peripheral vertigo. H. pylori could also get in the esophagus and in the upper respiratory tract via gastroesophageal reflux, and could cause tympanosclerosis and fixation of ossicles. In our study group, 120 of 153 (78.4%) patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Diagnostic tests of H. pylori (rapid urease test or blood antibody test) were performed for 96 of 120 (80%) patients with GERD and were found positive for 32 of 96 (33.3%) patients. Peripheral vertigo was present in 93 of 120 (77.6%) patients with GERD compared to 33 of 126 (26%) patients without GERD (χ(2)=9.016, p=0.003). H. pylori and peripheral vertigo coexisted in 26 of 126 patients (20.6%) (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.49-3.74, p=0.55). Our study demonstrated statistically significant association between peripheral vertigo and GERD but not between peripheral vertigo and H. pylori. Further more extensive investigations are needed in order to explore our hypothesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang W, Sun YL, Xing LF, Wang P, Liu LM, Shi S, Xu YL. Symptoms and diagnosis of acid vs non-acid gastroesophageal reflux induced cough. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2583-2587. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i18.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the symptoms and diagnosis of acid and non-acidic gastroesophageal reflux induced cough (GERC).
METHODS: Forty patients diagnosed with GERC were collected between January 2011 and December 2013 at our hospital, including 21 cases of acid GERC (DeMeester score ≥ 12.70) and 19 cases of non-acid GERC (DeMeester score < 12.70). The clinical symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux diagnostic questionnaire (GerdQ) score, and DeMeester score were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: The age and incidence of reflux were significantly lower in the non-acid GERC group than in the acid GERC group (χ2 = 6.686, P = 0.010). There were no significant differences in the nature of cough, cough duration, frowsty bosom, history of stomach problems or complicated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the acid GERC group, the non-acid GERC group had significantly lower GerdQ score and DeMeester score (χ2 = 2.337, P = 0.003), although there was no significant difference between daytime and nighttime cough (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Acid and non-acid GERC differs little in terms of clinical symptoms and should be diagnosed based on comprehensive evaluation including GerdQ and DeMeester scores.
Collapse
|