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Van Nguyen D, Nguyen TLL, Jin Y, Kim L, Myung CS, Heo KS. 6′-Sialylactose abolished lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and hyper-permeability in endothelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:836-848. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gram A, Kowalewski MP. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Inflammation in an Immortalized Ovine Luteal Endothelial Cell Line (OLENDO). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030099. [PMID: 35324827 PMCID: PMC8950530 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common Gram-negative bacterium causing infection of the uterus or mammary gland and is one of the major causes of infertility in livestock. In those animals affected by E. coli driven LPS-mediated infections, fertility problems occur in part due to disrupted follicular and luteal functionality. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces inflammation, and specifically, the role of LPS in the disruption of capillary morphogenesis and endothelial barrier function remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that LPS may lead to alterations in luteal angiogenesis and vascular function by inducing inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells. Accordingly, OLENDO cells were treated with LPS followed by evaluation of the expression of selected representative proinflammatory cytokines: NF-kB, IL6, IL8, TNFα, and ICAM 1. While TNFα was not affected by treatment with LPS, transcripts of NF-kB, IL6, and IL8 were affected in a dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, the activity of TLR2 and TLR4 was blocked, resulting in suppression of the LPS-induced expression of ICAM 1, NF-kB, IL6, and IL8. Inhibition of the PKA or MAPK/ERK pathways suppressed the LPS-stimulated expression of NF-kB, IL6, and IL8, whereas blocking the PKC pathway had the opposite effect. Furthermore, LPS-induced phosphorylation of Erk1 and Erk2 was inhibited when the TLR4 or MAPK/ERK pathways were blocked. Finally, LPS seems to induce inflammatory processes in OLENDO cells via TLR2 and TLR4, utilizing different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-(352)-339-94-84
| | - Mariusz P. Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Highly Pathogenic PRRSV-Infected Alveolar Macrophages Impair the Function of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030452. [PMID: 35336858 PMCID: PMC8948932 DOI: 10.3390/v14030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), especially the highly pathogenic strains, can cause serious acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by extensive hemorrhage, inflammatory cells and serous fluid infiltration in the lung vascular system. Meanwhile, the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are essential for forming the air–blood barrier and keeping the water–salt balance to prevent leakage of circulating nutrients, solutes, and fluid into the underlying tissues. As well, they tightly regulate the influx of immune cells. To determine the possible relationship between the PMVECs’ function changes and lung vascular permeability during PRRSV infection, the PMVECs were co-cultured with HP-PRRSV-inoculated primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in transwell model, and then the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were carried out to characterize the dynamic transcriptome landscapes of PMVECs. In total, 16,489 annotated genes were identified, with 275 upregulated and 270 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were characterized at both 18 and 24 h post PRRSV inoculation. The GO terms and KEGG pathways analysis indicated that the immune response, metabolic pathways, cell death, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, viral responses, and apoptotic process are significantly regulated upon co-culture with PRRSV-infected PAMs. Moreover, according to the TERR and dextran flux assay results, dysregulation of TJ proteins, including CLDN1, CLDN4, CLDN8, and OCLN, is further confirmed to correlate with the increased permeability of PMVECs. These transcriptome profiles and DEGs will provide valuable clues for further exploring the roles of PMVECs in PRRSV-induced ALI in the future.
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Ngamsri KC, Putri RA, Jans C, Schindler K, Fuhr A, Zhang Y, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Ehnert S, Konrad FM. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13576. [PMID: 34948374 PMCID: PMC8709064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b-/- mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b-/- animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Rizki A. Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Anika Fuhr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
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Abstract
Endothelial cells play critical roles in the regulation of vascular tone, immunity, coagulation, and permeability. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in medical conditions including diabetes, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and acute lung injury. A reliable and reproducible method to isolate pure endothelial cells from mice is needed to investigate the role of endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of these and other conditions. In this protocol, lung microvascular endothelial cells were prepared from 5-7 day old neonatal mouse pups. Lungs are harvested, minced, and enzymatically digested with collagenase I, and released cells are cultured overnight. Endothelial cells are then selected using anti-PECAM1 (CD-31) IgG conjugated to magnetic beads, and cells again are cultured to confluence. A secondary cell selection then occurs with anti-ICAM2 (CD-102) IgG conjugated to magnetic beads to increase the purity of the endothelial cells, and the cells again are cultured to confluence. The entire process takes approximately 7-10 days before the cells can be used for experimentation. This simple protocol yields highly pure (purity >92%) endothelial cells that can be immediately used for in vitro studies, including the studies focused on endothelial cytokine and chemokine production, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, endothelial coagulation pathways, and endothelial permeability. With many knockouts and transgenic mouse lines available, this procedure also lends itself to understanding the function of specific genes expressed by endothelial cells in healthy and pathologic responses to injury, infection, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco;
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco
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Kopczynski M, Rumienczyk I, Kulecka M, Statkiewicz M, Pysniak K, Sandowska-Markiewicz Z, Wojcik-Trechcinska U, Goryca K, Pyziak K, Majewska E, Masiejczyk M, Wojcik-Jaszczynska K, Rzymski T, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J, Mikula M. Selective Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Inhibition by the SCH772984 Compound Attenuates In Vitro and In Vivo Inflammatory Responses and Prolongs Survival in Murine Sepsis Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910204. [PMID: 34638546 PMCID: PMC8508766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Current treatments of sepsis are largely supportive and clinical trials using specific pharmacotherapy for sepsis have failed to improve outcomes. Here, we used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cell line and AlphaLisa assay for TNFa as a readout to perform a supervised drug repurposing screen for sepsis treatment with compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes, including kinases. We identified the SCH772984 compound, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor, as an effective blocker of TNFa production in vitro. RNA-Seq of the SCH772984-treated RAW264.7 cells at 1, 4, and 24 h time points of LPS challenge followed by functional annotation of differentially expressed genes highlighted the suppression of cellular pathways related to the immune system. SCH772984 treatment improved survival in the LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse models of sepsis, and reduced plasma levels of Ccl2/Mcp1. Functional analyses of RNA-seq datasets for kidney, lung, liver, and heart tissues from SCH772984-treated animals collected at 6 h and 12 h post-CLP revealed a significant downregulation of pathways related to the immune response and platelets activation but upregulation of the extracellular matrix organization and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Thus, this study defined transcriptome signatures of SCH772984 action in vitro and in vivo, an agent that has the potential to improve sepsis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kopczynski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Izabela Rumienczyk
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Statkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Kazimiera Pysniak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Zuzanna Sandowska-Markiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Urszula Wojcik-Trechcinska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Pyziak
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Eliza Majewska
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Magdalena Masiejczyk
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tomasz Rzymski
- Biology R&D, Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., 30-394 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (K.W.-J.); (T.R.)
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.R.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.P.); (Z.S.-M.); (U.W.-T.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-546-26-55
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Perrelli A, Retta SF. Polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation: Emerging links with the pathogenesis and severity of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:403-417. [PMID: 34175437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin affecting 0.5% of the population and characterized by abnormally enlarged and leaky capillaries that predispose to seizures, neurological deficits, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). CCM occurs sporadically or is inherited as dominant condition with incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. Three disease genes have been identified: KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2 and CCM3. Previous results demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations of CCM genes cause pleiotropic effects, including defective autophagy, altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammatory events, suggesting a novel unifying pathogenetic mechanism, and raising the possibility that CCM disease onset and severity are influenced by the presence of susceptibility and modifier genes. Consistently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in large and homogeneous cohorts of patients sharing the familial form of CCM disease and identical mutations in CCM genes have led to the discovery of distinct genetic modifiers of major disease severity phenotypes, such as development of numerous and large CCM lesions, and susceptibility to ICH. This review deals with the identification of genetic modifiers with a significant impact on inter-individual variability in CCM disease onset and severity, including highly polymorphic genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune responses, such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and Toll-like receptors (TLR), pointing to their emerging prognostic value, and opening up new perspectives for risk stratification and personalized medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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What's New in Shock, March 2021? Shock 2021; 55:285-287. [PMID: 33560781 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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