1
|
Jung HS, Kwon W, Yun WG, Paik WH, Hyub Lee S, Ryu JK, Oh DY, Lee KB, Chie EK, Jang JY. Optimal timing of surgery after neoadjuvant treatment in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024. [PMID: 39034526 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is standard for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). However, consensus is lacking on the optimal surgical timing for patients with BRPC undergoing NAT. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing NAT for BRPC and suggest optimal resection timing. METHODS Prospectively collected data for 282 patients with BRPC between January 2007 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 164 patients who underwent NAT followed by surgery, 45 for chemotherapy only, and 73 for upfront surgery. Among them, 150 patients who underwent R0 or R1 resection following NAT were investigated to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS Patients receiving NAT followed by surgery showed the best survival (median overall survival [OS]; NAT followed by surgery vs. upfront surgery vs. chemotherapy only; 35 vs. 23 vs. 16 months). In the NAT group, 54 (36.0%) patients received less than 3 months of NAT, 68 (45.3%) received ≥3, <6 months, and 28 (18.7%) received longer than 6 months. Patients receiving ≥3 months of NAT showed an improved OS compared to <3 months (median; not reached vs. 27 months). In the FOLFIRINOX group, patients who received more than eight FOLFIRINOX cycles showed a good prognosis (<6 vs. 6-7 vs. ≥8 cycles; median survival, 26 vs. 41 months vs. not-reached). However, >12 cycles did not carry a survival benefit compared to 8-11 cycles. CONCLUSION The optimal resection timing following NAT is once a patient undergoes at least 3 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or at least eight FOLFIRINOX cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sol Jung
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yun WG, Han Y, Jung HS, Kwon W, Park JS, Jang JY. Emerging role of local treatment in the era of advanced systemic treatment in pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024. [PMID: 39020260 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed with distant metastases, commonly in the liver, leading to poor prognosis. With modern chemotherapy regimens extending patient survival and stabilizing metastasis, there has been a rise in the use of local treatments. However, the effectiveness for local treatment remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer cases with isolated synchronous or metachronous liver metastases who underwent curative-intent local treatment. Hazard ratios were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS The full texts of 102 studies were screened, and 14 retrospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. Among patients with synchronous liver metastases, overall survival was significantly better in those who underwent curative-intent local treatment than in those who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.52). Among patients with metachronous liver metastases, overall survival was also significantly better in those who underwent curative-intent local treatment than in those who did not (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.73). CONCLUSIONS Curative-intent local treatment may be a feasible option for highly selected pancreatic cancer cases with liver metastases. However, the optimal strategy for local treatments should be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sol Jung
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Theijse RT, Stoop TF, Leenart PD, Lutchman KRD, Erdmann JI, Daams F, Zonderhuis BM, Festen S, Swijnenburg RJ, van Gulik TM, Schoorlemmer A, Sterk ALA, van Dieren S, Fariña A, Voermans RP, Wilmink JW, Kazemier G, Busch OR, Besselink MG. Surgery for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Following Induction Chemotherapy: A Single-Center Experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15591-4. [PMID: 38954094 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of surgery in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) following induction chemotherapy is increasing. However, most series do not report on the total cohort of patients undergoing surgical exploration; therefore, this single-center study investigates outcomes among all consecutive patients with LAPC who underwent surgical exploration. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, single-center analysis including all consecutive patients with LAPC (Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group criteria) who underwent surgical exploration with curative intent (January 2014-June 2023) after induction therapy. Primary outcomes were resection rate and overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Overall, 127 patients underwent surgical exploration for LAPC, whereby 100 patients (78.7%) underwent resection and 27 patients (21.3%) underwent a non-therapeutic laparotomy due to the extent of vascular involvement (n = 11, 8.7%) or occult metastases (n = 16, 12.6%). The overall in-hospital/30-day mortality rate was 0.8% and major morbidity was 31.3% (in patients after resection: 1.0% and 33.3%, respectively). The overall 90-day mortality rate was 5.5%, which included 3.1% mortality due to disease progression. Resection was associated with longer median OS {29 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 26-43) vs. 17 months (95% CI 11-26); p < 0.001} compared with patients undergoing non-therapeutic laparotomy, with corresponding 5-year OS rates of 28.4% and 7.7%. In Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, only pancreatic body/tail tumors independently predicted OS (hazard ratio 1.788 [95% CI 1.042-3.068]). CONCLUSION This single-center series found a resection rate of 78.7% in patients with LAPC selected for surgical exploration, with a low risk of mortality and morbidity in all explored patients and a 5-year OS rate after resection of 28.4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger T Theijse
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas F Stoop
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip D Leenart
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kishan R D Lutchman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Daams
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Babs M Zonderhuis
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annuska Schoorlemmer
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André L A Sterk
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan van Dieren
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arantza Fariña
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier P Voermans
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cannas S, Vollmer CM. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer-What Is Totality? JAMA Surg 2024; 159:828-829. [PMID: 38656533 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This article discusses the meaning of the word total in relation to total neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cannas
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Charles M Vollmer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dillon DL, Park JY, Mederos MA, Seo YJ, King J, Hines J, Donahue T, Girgis MD. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved disease-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection. J Surg Oncol 2024; 130:72-82. [PMID: 38726668 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is becoming favored for all pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients with seemingly resectable disease infrequently still display vascular involvement intraoperatively. Outcomes following NAC versus upfront surgery in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with vascular resection are unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of PDAC patients who underwent PD with vascular resection between January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020, within a single academic center. Clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between NAC versus upfront surgery cohorts using the Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox proportional-hazards regression model. RESULTS Eighty-one patients who underwent PD with vascular resection for PDAC were included. Forty-six patients (56%) received NAC. The NAC cohort more often had pathologic N0 status (47.8% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001), had decreased vascular invasion (11% vs. 40%, p = 0.002), and completed chemotherapy (80% vs. 40%, p < 0.01). The NAC cohort demonstrated improved DFS (40.5 vs. 14.3 months, p = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, NAC remained independently associated with increased DFS (HR = 0.48, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS NAC was associated with improved clinicopathologic outcomes and DFS in PD with vascular resection. These findings demonstrate the advantage of NAC in PDAC patients undergoing PD with vascular resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Dillon
- Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joon Y Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael A Mederos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Young-Ji Seo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan King
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joe Hines
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy Donahue
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark D Girgis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saúde-Conde R, El Ghali B, Navez J, Bouchart C, Van Laethem JL. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Localized Pancreatic Cancer: Is More Better? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2423. [PMID: 39001485 PMCID: PMC11240662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its advanced stage upon diagnosis and limited treatment options. Surgical resection, the primary curative approach, often results in poor long-term survival rates, leading to the exploration of alternative strategies like neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). While NAT aims to enhance resectability and overall survival, there appears to be potential for improvement, prompting consideration of alternative neoadjuvant strategies integrating full-dose chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) in TNT approaches. TNT integrates chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to surgery, potentially improving margin-negative resection rates and enabling curative resection for locally advanced cases. The lingering question: is more always better? This article categorizes TNT strategies into six main groups based on radiotherapy (RT) techniques: (1) conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT), (2) the Dutch PREOPANC approach, (3) hypofractionated ablative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HFA-IMRT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) techniques, which further divide into (4) non-ablative SBRT, (5) nearly ablative SBRT, and (6) adaptive ablative SBRT. A comprehensive analysis of the literature on TNT is provided for both borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), with detailed sections for each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Saúde-Conde
- Digestive Oncology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Benjelloun El Ghali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (B.E.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Julie Navez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (HUB), Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Christelle Bouchart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (B.E.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Digestive Oncology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee W, Park HJ, Lee YN, Sung MK, Hong K, Park Y, Song KB, Lee JH, Hwang DW, Kim HJ, Hong SM, Kim SC. Computed tomography-based vascular burden index as a predictor of vascular resection and pathological vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:108494. [PMID: 38968855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of vessel resection in patients with pancreatectomy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. The recently introduced computed tomography-based vascular burden index presents a potential solution to this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the model performance for the prediction of vascular resection and pathological invasion. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were included. Two independent reviewers measured the vascular tumour burden index around the adjacent artery (AVBI), and vein (VVBI). The area under the curve was compared to assess the predictive capacity of vascular burden index values and their changes for vascular resection and pathological vascular invasion. RESULTS Among 252 patients, 179 and 73 had borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, respectively. Concurrent vessel resection and pathological vascular invasion were observed in 121 (48.0 %) and 42 (16.6 %) patients, respectively. In all patients, the VVBI (area under the curve: 0.872) and AVBI (0.911) after neo-adjuvant therapy significantly predicted vessel resection. In patients with vascular resection, the VVBI after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (0.752) and delta value of the AVBI (0.706) demonstrated better performance for predicting pathological invasion of the resected vein. The regression of the AVBI and VVBI was an independent prognostic factor for survival (hazard ratio: 0.54, 95 % confidence interval: 0.34-0.85; P = 0.009) CONCLUSIONS: Regressed VVBI on serial computed tomography scans is useful for predicting vein resection and pathological venous invasion before surgery. The delta value of the AVBI may therefore be helpful for predicting pathological arterial invasion after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woohyung Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Na Lee
- Department of Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Sung
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangpyo Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejong Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Byung Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Egorov V, Kim P, Dzigasov S, Kondratiev E, Sorokin A, Kolygin A, Vyborniy M, Bolshakov G, Popov P, Demchenkova A, Dakhtler T. Pancreatectomy with En Bloc Superior Mesenteric Vein and All Its Tributaries Resection without PV/SMV Reconstruction for "Low" Locally Advanced Pancreatic Head Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2234. [PMID: 38927939 PMCID: PMC11202096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The "vein definition" for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LA PDAC) assumes portal-to-superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) unreconstructability due to tumor involvement or occlusion. Radical pancreatectomies with SMV resection without PV/SMV reconstruction are scarcely discussed in the literature. Retrospective analysis of 19 radical pancreatectomies for "low" LA PDAC with SMV and all its tributaries resection without PV/SMV reconstruction has shown zero mortality; overall morbidity-56%; Dindo-Clavien-3-10.5%; R0-rate-82%; mean operative procedure time-355 ± 154 min; mean blood loss-330 ± 170 mL; delayed gastric emptying-25%; and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula-8%. In three cases, surgery was associated with superior mesenteric (n2) and common hepatic artery (n1) resection. Surgery was completed without vein reconstruction (n13) and with inferior mesenteric-to-splenic anastomosis (n6). There were no cases of liver, gastric, or intestinal ischemia. A specific complication of the SMV resection without reconstruction was 2-3 days-long intestinal edema (48%). Median overall survival was 25 months, and median progression-free survival was 18 months. All the relapses, except two, were distant. The possibility of successful SMV resection without PV/SMV reconstruction can be predicted before surgery by CT-based reconstructions. The mandatory anatomical conditions for the procedure were as follows: (1) preserved SMV-SV confluence; (2) occluded SMV for any reason (tumor or thrombus); (3) well-developed inferior mesenteric vein collaterals with dilated intestinal veins; (4) no right-sided vein collaterals; and (5) no varices in the upper abdomen. Conclusion: "Low" LA PDACs involving SMV with all its tributaries can be radically and safely resected in highly and specifically selected cases without PV/SMV reconstruction with an acceptable survival rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Egorov
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
- Burnasyan State Research Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Kim
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Soslan Dzigasov
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Eugeny Kondratiev
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
- Radiology Department, Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey Kolygin
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Mikhail Vyborniy
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Grigoriy Bolshakov
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Pavel Popov
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Anna Demchenkova
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| | - Tatiana Dakhtler
- Ilyinskaya Hospital, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.D.); (E.K.); (A.K.); (M.V.); (G.B.); (P.P.); (A.D.); (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stoop TF, Oba A, Wu YHA, Beaty LE, Colborn KL, Janssen BV, Al-Musawi MH, Franco SR, Sugawara T, Franklin O, Jain A, Saiura A, Sauvanet A, Coppola A, Javed AA, Groot Koerkamp B, Miller BN, Mack CE, Hashimoto D, Caputo D, Kleive D, Sereni E, Belfiori G, Ichida H, van Dam JL, Dembinski J, Akahoshi K, Roberts KJ, Tanaka K, Labori KJ, Falconi M, House MG, Sugimoto M, Tanabe M, Gotohda N, Krohn PS, Burkhart RA, Thakkar RG, Pande R, Dokmak S, Hirano S, Burgdorf SK, Crippa S, van Roessel S, Satoi S, White SA, Hackert T, Nguyen TK, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Bachu V, Burns WR, Inoue Y, Takahashi Y, Ushida Y, Aslami ZV, Verbeke CS, Fariña A, He J, Wilmink JW, Messersmith W, Verheij J, Kaplan J, Schulick RD, Besselink MG, Del Chiaro M. Pathological Complete Response in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma After Preoperative Chemotherapy. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2417625. [PMID: 38888920 PMCID: PMC11185983 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Preoperative chemo(radio)therapy is increasingly used in patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma, leading to pathological complete response (pCR) in a small subset of patients. However, multicenter studies with in-depth data about pCR are lacking. Objective To investigate the incidence, outcome, and risk factors of pCR after preoperative chemo(radio)therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational, international, multicenter cohort study assessed all consecutive patients with pathology-proven localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent resection after 2 or more cycles of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) in 19 centers from 8 countries (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018). Data collection was performed from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, and analyses from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Median follow-up was 19 months. Exposures Preoperative chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) followed by resection. Main Outcomes and Measures The incidence of pCR (defined as absence of vital tumor cells in the sampled pancreas specimen after resection), its association with OS from surgery, and factors associated with pCR. Factors associated with overall survival (OS) and pCR were investigated with Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, respectively. Results Overall, 1758 patients (mean [SD] age, 64 [9] years; 879 [50.0%] male) were studied. The rate of pCR was 4.8% (n = 85), and pCR was associated with OS (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.83). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 95%, 82%, and 63% in patients with pCR vs 80%, 46%, and 30% in patients without pCR, respectively (P < .001). Factors associated with pCR included preoperative multiagent chemotherapy other than (m)FOLFIRINOX ([modified] leucovorin calcium [folinic acid], fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride, and oxaliplatin) (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87), preoperative conventional radiotherapy (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.00-4.10), preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy (OR, 8.91; 95% CI, 4.17-19.05), radiologic response (OR, 13.00; 95% CI, 7.02-24.08), and normal(ized) serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 after preoperative therapy (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.79-7.89). Conclusions and Relevance This international, retrospective cohort study found that pCR occurred in 4.8% of patients with resected localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative chemo(radio)therapy. Although pCR does not reflect cure, it is associated with improved OS, with a doubled 5-year OS of 63% compared with 30% in patients without pCR. Factors associated with pCR related to preoperative chemo(radio)therapy regimens and anatomical and biological disease response features may have implications for treatment strategies that require validation in prospective studies because they may not universally apply to all patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Stoop
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Atsushi Oba
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. H. Andrew Wu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laurel E. Beaty
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Kathryn L. Colborn
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Boris V. Janssen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed H. Al-Musawi
- Clinical Trials of Office, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Salvador Rodriguez Franco
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Toshitaka Sugawara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ajay Jain
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Akio Saiura
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ammar A. Javed
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Braden N. Miller
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Claudia E. Mack
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Damiano Caputo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of General Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dyre Kleive
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabetta Sereni
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Truty, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Belfiori
- Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Hirofumi Ichida
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jacob L. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keith J. Roberts
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kimitaka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Knut J. Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Michael G. House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Motokazu Sugimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Paul S. Krohn
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard A. Burkhart
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rohan G. Thakkar
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rupaly Pande
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Safi Dokmak
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Stefan K. Burgdorf
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefano Crippa
- Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Stijn van Roessel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Steven A. White
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Trang K. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | | | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Vismaya Bachu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William R. Burns
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Ushida
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zohra V. Aslami
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caroline S. Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arantza Fariña
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wells Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Richard D. Schulick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Marc G. Besselink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahmood U, Carrier E, Khan K. Neoadjuvant management of locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - Heading towards a promising change in treatment paradigm. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 127:102750. [PMID: 38703592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy-based adjuvant therapies for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been associated with poor clinical outcomes driven partly by its complex anatomy and molecular heterogeneity. Treatment for PDAC is challenged by presence of a dense tumour microenvironment involving an interplay of multiple tumoural and stromal components which promote metastatic oncogenic behaviour. PDAC also involves aberrations in multiple signalling pathways with paucity of treatment options against the most common mutations including KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A andSMAD4. However, recent discovery of new mechanisms implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis have led to identification of promising mechanistic therapeutic targets such as NET1 and ULK1. Early evidence also suggests the utility of targeting multiple DNA repair processes, modulators of DNA replication and major DNA damage response regulators. We explore the clinical rationale behind a neoadjuvant therapeutic strategy and emerging predictors of survival benefit associated with this approach. We also discuss challenges and opportunities originating from recent clinical trials evaluating neoadjuvant treatments composed of various combinations of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapeutic regimens that have aimed to address some of these biological challenges. Selective treatment of patients harbouring specific genomic aberrations with targeted agents and immunotherapy can translate into optimum survival outcomes in PDAC. We also share perspectives on emerging prospective clinical evidence regarding stromal modifying agents, such as Tumour Growth Factor-Beta and Connective Tissue Growth Factor inhibitors along with novel vaccination-based approaches in improving PDAC outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umair Mahmood
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Ewa Carrier
- Department of Clinical Development, FibroGen, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khurum Khan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), London NW1 2BU, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park Y, Han YB, Kim J, Kang M, Lee B, Ahn ES, Han S, Kim H, Na HY, Han HS, Yoon YS. Microscopic tumor mapping of post-neoadjuvant therapy pancreatic cancer specimens to predict post-surgical recurrence: A prospective cohort study. Pancreatology 2024; 24:562-571. [PMID: 38556428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various pathological grading systems are available for evaluating the response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), their prognostic value has not been thoroughly validated. This study examined whether microscopic tumor mapping of post-NAT specimens could predict tumor recurrence. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 52 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after NAT for PDAC between 2019 and 2021. Microscopic mapping was performed to identify residual tumor loci within the tumor bed using 4 mm2 pixels. Patients were divided into small extent (SE; n = 26) and large extent (LE; n = 26) groups using a cutoff value of 226 mm2. The diagnostic performance for predicting tumor recurrence was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were normalised after NAT in more patients in the SE group (SE 21 [80.8%] vs. LE 13 [50.0%]; P = 0.041). Tumor size (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), positive lymph node yield (P = 0.024), and perineural invasion rate (P = 0.018) were significantly greater in the LE group. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in the LE group (SE 83.3% vs. LE 50.0%, P = 0.004). The area under the ROC curve for mapping extent was 0.743, which was greater than that of the other tumor response scoring systems. CONCLUSIONS Microscopic tumor mapping of the residual tumor in post-NAT specimens is a significant predictor of post-surgical recurrence, and offers better prognostic performance than the current grading systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - MeeYoung Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemi Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moten AS. Fibrosis following neoadjuvant treatment of PDAC: Less is not always more. Am J Surg 2024; 232:8. [PMID: 38092641 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambria S Moten
- Surgical Oncology, Complex Upper GI/HPB Surgery, Packnett Family Cancer Institute, Parkview Health, 11050 Parkview Circle, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akumuo RC, Villano AM, Reddy SP, Devarajan K, Barrak D, Reddy SS. Type of neoadjuvant treatment strategy is associated with differential pathologic responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg 2024; 232:9-14. [PMID: 37977978 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor fibrosis after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) correlates with treatment response. Herein we assessed how different NAT strategies influence pathologic responses and survival. METHODS Patients with surgically resected PDAC who received NAT (1991-2020) were included. Descriptive statistics compared outcomes amongst fibrosis groups (none, minor <50 %, partial 51%-94 %, major ≥95 %) and NAT (chemotherapy alone, chemoradiation, or chemotherapy + chemoradiation (total neoadjuvant therapy, TNT)). RESULTS Patients with major fibrosis most often received TNT (65.8 %, p < 0.001). Major fibrosis was associated with the greatest rate of downstaging (77.8 %, p < 0.001), highest R0 margin rate (100 %, p < 0.01), and lowest mean positive lymph node ratio (0.80, p < 0.01). Amongst complete responders, 11/14 (78.6 %) received TNT. Median overall (66.3 months, p = 0.003) and disease-free (54.7months, p = 0.05) survival were highest with major fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Major fibrosis and complete pathologic responses after NAT are most frequent with a TNT strategy and are associated with improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Akumuo
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anthony M Villano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sai P Reddy
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dany Barrak
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sanjay S Reddy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waugh E, Glinka J, Breadner D, Liu R, Tang E, Allen L, Welch S, Leslie K, Skaro A. Survival benefit of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2024; 28:229-237. [PMID: 38296221 PMCID: PMC11128787 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.23-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims While patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) are a target population for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), formal guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy are lacking. We assessed the perioperative and oncological outcomes in patients with BRPC undergoing NAC with FOLFIRINOX for patients undergoing upfront surgery (US). Methods The AHPBA criteria for borderline resectability and/or a CA19-9 level > 100 μ/mL defined borderline resectable tumors retrieved from a prospectively populated institutional registry from 2007 to 2020. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) at 1 and 3 years. A Cox Proportional Hazard model based on intention to treat was used. A receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the discriminatory capability of the use of CA19-9 > 100 μ/mL to predict resectability and mortality. Results Forty BRPC patients underwent NAC, while 46 underwent US. The median OS with NAC was 19.8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10.3-44.24) vs. 10.6 months (IQR, 6.37-17.6) with US. At 1 year, 70% of the NAC group and 41.3% of the US group survived (p = 0.008). At 3 years, 42.5 % of the NAC group and 10.9% of the US group survived (p = 0.001). NAC significantly reduced the hazard of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.54; p = 0.001). CA19-9 > 100 μ/mL showed poor discrimination in predicting mortality, but was a moderate predictor of resectability. Conclusions We found a survival benefit of NAC with FOLFIRINOX for BRPC. Greater pre-treatment of CA19-9 and multivessel involvement on initial imaging were associated with progression of the disease following NAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Waugh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Glinka
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Breadner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ephraim Tang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Allen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Welch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ken Leslie
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anton Skaro
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Okamura Y, Nishitai R, Sasaki N, Ito H, Sakamoto T, Itokawa Y, Kusumoto M, Nakai Y, Yamaoka T, Manaka D. Neoadjuvant therapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with S-1 for borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38771310 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (NAC-IMRT) in patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). METHODS BRPC patients were treated with IMRT (45 Gy/15fr) combined with two courses of S-1 (40 mg/m2 bid) before surgery. Outcomes after NAC-IMRT, surgery, and survival were then evaluated. This single-center retrospective study assessed 26 consecutive patients. RESULTS Twenty-six patients (BR-PV: 7, BR-A: 19) with a median age of 73 years were enrolled from 2016 to 2021. Ten (38%) patients were 75-years-old and above. Twenty-three patients completed NAC-IMRT treatment. The median reductions in tumor size and cancer antigen 19-9 level were 13.6% and 69%, respectively. All 26 patients underwent resection within a median time of 71 days after NAC-IMRT initiation. R0 resection was achieved in 24 patients (92%). The median overall survival (OS) was 28.0 months, and the 1- and 3-year OS rates were 100% and 34%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.5 months, and the 1- and 3-year PFS rates were 50% and 32%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in OS between the patients under and over the age of 75 (29 vs. 20 months, p = 0.86). The 12 patients who completed NAC-IMRT, resection, and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) exhibited a 3-year survival rate of 73%, which was significantly better than that of the patients who did not receive or complete AC (median OS, not reached vs. 19 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION NAC-IMRT showed outstanding clinical efficacy with acceptable tolerability in patients with BRPC, including geriatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishitai
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Itokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamaoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Manaka
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robbins KJ, Newcomer KF, Barnell EK, Anzelmo MA, Liu J, Hawkins WG. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is Associated with Increased Risk of Postoperative DVT After Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: a NSQIP Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2873-2881. [PMID: 38151621 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a persistent source of postoperative morbidity despite prevention and mitigation efforts. Cancer, surgery, and chemotherapy are known risk factors for VTE. Existing literature suggests that neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) may contribute to increased VTE risk in the postoperative period, but few authors specifically examine this relationship in distal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we analyze the association of NAT and postoperative VTE in patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP) for PDAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, we analyzed the Procedure Targeted files for pancreatectomy from 2014 to 2020. Adults with PDAC who underwent DP were grouped by receipt of NAT. The primary outcome was the rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the secondary outcome was the rate of pulmonary embolism (PE). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine risk factors associated with postoperative DVT. RESULTS There were 4327 patients with PDAC who underwent DP. Of these, 1414 (32.7%) had NAT. Receipt of NAT was significantly associated with postoperative DVT requiring therapy (3.5% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.02), but was not associated with PE (p = 0.42). On MVA, NAT was associated with a 73% greater chance of developing postoperative DVT [odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.18-2.55]. CONCLUSIONS Patients who receive NAT prior to DP for PDAC are 73% more likely to develop postoperative DVT compared with upfront resection. As NAT becomes more commonplace, these high-risk patients should be prioritized for guideline-recommended extended duration prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keenan J Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth F Newcomer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica K Barnell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barreto SG, Shrikhande SV, Sirohi B. Neoadjuvant Therapy in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:249-254. [PMID: 38817993 PMCID: PMC11133292 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we present our assessment of all of the known accumulated evidence on the role of neoadjuvant therapy in the management of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer highlighting the gaps in the data, the current regimens used and providing a brief insight into the way forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savio George Barreto
- Division of Surgery and Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Shailesh V. Shrikhande
- GI and HPB Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Bhawna Sirohi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taylor RJ, Matthews GJ, Aseltine RH, Fields EC. Clinical outcomes in borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer with the addition of low-dose-rate brachytherapy to standard of care therapy. Brachytherapy 2024; 23:355-359. [PMID: 38402046 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical resection remains the only curative therapy for pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, many patients have borderline or unresectable disease at diagnosis due to proximity of major abdominal vessels. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation are used to down-stage, however, there is a risk that there will be a positive/close surgical margin. The CivaSheet is a low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy device placed at the time of surgery to target the area of highest risk of margin positivity. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical value of brachytherapy in addition to standard-of-care therapy in pancreatic therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between 2017 and 2022 patients with borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation followed by surgical resection were included. There were 2 cohorts of patients: (1) Those who had the LDR brachytherapy device placed at the time of surgery and (2) those who did not. Sixteen of 19 (84%) patients who had brachytherapy were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial (NCT02843945). Patients were matched for comorbidities, cancer staging, and treatment details. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Thirty-five patients were included in this analysis, 19 in the LDR brachytherapy group and 16 in the comparison cohort. The 2-year PFS was 21% vs. 0% (p = 0.11), 2-year OS was 26% vs. 13% (p = 0.43), and the pancreatic cancer cause-specific survival was 84% vs. 56% (p = 0.13) in favor of the brachytherapy patients. CONCLUSIONS Use of LDR brachytherapy at the time of resection shows a trend towards improved progression free and overall survival for patients with borderline or locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Taylor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | - Gregory J Matthews
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert H Aseltine
- Division of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, UConn Health, CT
| | - Emma C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endo Y, Kitago M, Kitagawa Y. Evidence and Future Perspectives for Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1632. [PMID: 38730584 PMCID: PMC11083108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease that requires innovative therapeutic approaches to enhance the survival outcomes. Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) has gained attention for resectable and borderline resectable PC, offering improved resection rates and enabling early intervention and patient selection. Several retrospective studies have validated its efficacy. However, previous studies have lacked intention-to-treat analyses and appropriate resectability classifications. Randomized comparative trials may help to enhance the clinical applicability of evidence. Therefore, after searching the MEDLINE database, this scoping review presents a comprehensive summary of the evidence from published (n = 14) and ongoing (n = 12) randomized Phase II and III trials. Diverse regimens and their outcomes were explored for both resectable and borderline resectable PC. While some trials have supported the efficacy of NAT, others have demonstrated no clear survival benefits for patients with resectable PC. The utility of NAT has been confirmed in patients with borderline resectable PC, but the optimal regimens remain debatable. Ongoing trials are investigating novel regimens, including immunotherapy, thereby highlighting the dynamic landscape of PC treatment. Studies should focus on biomarker identification, which may enable precision in oncology. Future endeavors aim to refine treatment strategies, guided by precision oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (Y.E.); (Y.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ross SB, Popover J, Sucandy I, Christodoulou M, Pattilachan TM, Rosemurgy AS. The Oncological Stress Test of Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review in Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared to Upfront Resection Approach for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Am Surg 2024:31348241248703. [PMID: 38635295 DOI: 10.1177/00031348241248703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, increasingly diagnosed in the United States, has a disheartening initial resection rate of 15%. Neoadjuvant therapy, particularly FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-based regimens, is gaining favor for its potential to improve resectability rates and achieving microscopically negative margins (R0) in borderline resectable cases, marked by intricate arterial or venous involvement. Despite surgery being the sole curative approach, actual benefit of neoadjuvant therapy remains debatable. This study scrutinizes current literature on oncological outcomes post-resection of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted to systematically compare oncological outcomes of patients treated with either neoadjuvant therapy with intent of curative resection or an "upfront resection" approach. A total of 1293 studies were initially screened and 30 were included (n = 1714) in this analysis. All studies included data on outcomes of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma being treated with neoadjuvant therapy (n = 1387) or a resection-first approach (n = 356). Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy underwent resection 52% of the time, achieving negative margins of 43% (n = 601). Approximately 77% of patients who received an upfront resection underwent a successful resection, with 39% achieving negative margins. Neoadjuvant therapy remains marginally efficacious in treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, as patients undergo an operation and successful resection less often when treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Rates of curative resection are comparable, despite neoadjuvant therapy being a primary recommendation in borderline resectable cases and employed more often than upfront resection. Upfront resection may offer improved resection rates by intention-to-treat, which can provide more patients with paths to curative resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharona B Ross
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jesse Popover
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Iswanto Sucandy
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muaddi H, Kearse L, Warner S. Multimodal Approaches to Patient Selection for Pancreas Cancer Surgery. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2260-2273. [PMID: 38668070 PMCID: PMC11049254 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With an overall 5-year survival rate of 12%, pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer that claims more than 50,000 patient lives each year in the United States alone. Even those few patients who undergo curative-intent resection with favorable pathology reports are likely to experience recurrence within the first two years after surgery and ultimately die from their cancer. We hypothesize that risk factors for these early recurrences can be identified with thorough preoperative staging, thus enabling proper patient selection for surgical resection and avoiding unnecessary harm. Herein, we review evidence supporting multidisciplinary and multimodality staging, comprehensive neoadjuvant treatment strategies, and optimal patient selection for curative-intent surgical resections. We further review data generated from our standardized approach at the Mayo Clinic and extrapolate to inform potential future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Warner
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
López JC, Ielpo B, Iglesias M, Pinilla FB, Sánchez-Velázquez P. The impact of vascular margin invasion on local recurrence after pancreatoduodenectomy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024; 409:122. [PMID: 38607450 PMCID: PMC11009726 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PADC) still has nowadays a very impaired long-term survival. Most studies are focused on overall survival; however, local recurrence occurs about up to 50% of cases and seems to be highly related with margin resection status. We aim to analyze the impact of vascular resection margins on local recurrence (LR) and to assess its impact on overall and disease-free survival. METHODS Eighty out of 191 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in a university hospital between 2006 and 2021 with PDAC diagnosis were analyzed and vascular margin status specifically addressed. Univariate and multivariate were performed. Time to LR was compared by using the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors assessed using Cox regression hazards model. RESULTS LR appeared in 10 (50%) of the overall R1 resections in the venous margin and 9 (60%) in the arterial one. Time to LR was significantly shorter when any margin was overall affected (23.2 vs 44.7 months, p = 0.01) and specifically in the arterial margin involvement (13.7 vs 32.1 months, p = 0.009). Overall R1 resections (HR 2.61, p = 0.013) and a positive arterial margin (HR 2.84, p = 0.012) were associated with local recurrence on univariate analysis, whereas arterial positive margin remained significant on multivariate analysis (HR 2.70, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Arterial margin invasion is correlated in our cohort with local recurrence. Given the limited ability to modify this margin intraoperatively, preoperative therapies should be considered to improve local margin clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetto Ielpo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pompeu-Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Burdío Pinilla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stoop TF, Seelen LWF, van 't Land FR, Lutchman KRD, van Dieren S, Lips DJ, van der Harst E, Kazemier G, Patijn GA, de Hingh IH, Wijsman JH, Erdmann JI, Festen S, Groot Koerkamp B, Mieog JSD, den Dulk M, Stommel MWJ, Busch OR, de Wilde RF, de Meijer VE, Te Riele W, Molenaar IQ, van Eijck CHJ, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG. Nationwide Use and Outcome of Surgery for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Following Induction Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2640-2653. [PMID: 38105377 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several international high-volume centers have reported good outcomes after resection of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) following chemo(radio)therapy, but it is unclear how this translates to nationwide clinical practice and outcome. This study aims to assess the nationwide use and outcome of resection of LAPC following induction chemo(radio)therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter retrospective study including all patients who underwent resection for LAPC following chemo(radio)therapy in all 16 Dutch pancreatic surgery centers (2014-2020), registered in the mandatory Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit. LAPC is defined as arterial involvement > 90° and/or portomesenteric venous > 270° involvement or occlusion. RESULTS Overall, 142 patients underwent resection for LAPC, of whom 34.5% met the 2022 National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria. FOLFIRINOX was the most commonly (93.7%) used chemotherapy [median 5 cycles (IQR 4-8)]. Venous and arterial resections were performed in 51.4% and 14.8% of patients. Most resections (73.9%) were performed in high-volume centers (i.e., ≥ 60 pancreatoduodenectomies/year). Overall median volume of LAPC resections/center was 4 (IQR 1-7). In-hospital/30-day major morbidity was 37.3% and 90-day mortality was 4.2%. Median OS from diagnosis was 26 months (95% CI 23-28) and 5-year OS 18%. Surgery in high-volume centers [HR = 0.542 (95% CI 0.318-0.923)], ypN1-2 [HR = 3.141 (95% CI 1.886-5.234)], and major morbidity [HR = 2.031 (95% CI 1.272-3.244)] were associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Resection of LAPC following chemo(radio)therapy is infrequently performed in the Netherlands, albeit with acceptable morbidity, mortality, and OS. Given these findings, a structured nationwide approach involving international centers of excellence would be needed to improve selection of patients with LAPC for surgical resection following induction therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Stoop
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Leonard W F Seelen
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht/St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Freek R van 't Land
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kishan R D Lutchman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan van Dieren
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Lips
- Department of Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Kazemier
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije University, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A Patijn
- Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace H de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Wijsman
- Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Erdmann
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sven D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martijn W J Stommel
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland F de Wilde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Te Riele
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht/St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - I Quintus Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht/St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht/St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jethwa KR, Kim E, Berlin J, Anker CJ, Tchelebi L, Abood G, Hallemeier CL, Jabbour S, Kennedy T, Kumar R, Lee P, Sharma N, Small W, Williams V, Russo S. Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Neoadjuvant Therapy for Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Guidelines. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:185-199. [PMID: 38131628 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
For patients with locoregionally confined pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), margin-negative surgical resection is the only known curative treatment; however, the majority of patients are not operable candidates at initial diagnosis. Among patients with resectable disease who undergo surgery alone, the 5-year survival remains poor. Adjuvant therapies, including systemic therapy or chemoradiation, are utilized as they improve locoregional control and overall survival. There has been increasing interest in the use of neoadjuvant therapy to obtain early control of occult metastatic disease, allow local tumor response to facilitate margin-negative resection, and provide a test of time and biology to assist with the selection of candidates most likely to benefit from radical surgical resection. However, limited guidance exists regarding the relative effectiveness of treatment options. In this systematic review, the American Radium Society multidisciplinary gastrointestinal expert panel convened to develop Appropriate Use Criteria evaluating the evidence regarding neoadjuvant treatment for patients with PDAC, including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, in terms of oncologic outcomes and quality of life. The evidence was assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study (PICOS) design framework and "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" 2020 methodology. Eligible studies included phases 2 to 3 trials, meta-analyses, and retrospective analyses published between January 1, 2012 and December 30, 2022 in the Ovid Medline database. A summary of recommendations based on the available literature is outlined to guide practitioners in the management of patients with PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan R Jethwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ed Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher J Anker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Leila Tchelebi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Rachit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Percy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Navesh Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, WellSpan Cancer Center, York, PA
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia DQ, Zhou Y, Yang S, Li FF, Tian LY, Li YH, Xu HY, Xiao CZ, Wang W. Combining prognostic value of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and tumor size reduction ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:798-809. [PMID: 38577439 PMCID: PMC10989379 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cancer with increasing morbidity and mortality due to changes of social environment. AIM To evaluate the significance of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and tumor size changes pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital. This study specifically assessed CA19-9 levels and tumor size before and after NAT. RESULTS A total of 156 patients who completed NAT and subsequently underwent tumor resection were included in this study. The average age was 65.4 ± 10.6 years and 72 (46.2%) patients were female. Before survival analysis, we defined the post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level as the CA19-9 ratio (CR). The patients were divided into three groups: CR < 0.5, CR > 0.5 and < 1 and CR > 1. With regard to tumor size measured by both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, we defined the post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size as the tumor size ratio (TR). The patients were then divided into three groups: TR < 0.5, TR > 0.5 and < 1 and TR > 1. Based on these groups divided according to CR and TR, we performed both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses. Log-rank tests showed that both OS and DFS were significantly different among the groups according to CR and TR (P < 0.05). CR and TR after NAT were associated with increased odds of achieving a complete or near-complete pathologic response. Moreover, CR (hazard ratio: 1.721, 95%CI: 1.373-3.762; P = 0.006), and TR (hazard ratio: 1.435, 95%CI: 1.275-4.363; P = 0.014) were identified as independent factors associated with OS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level and post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size were independent factors associated with OS in patients with PDAC who received NAT and subsequent surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qin Xia
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Weisiteng Biotech Translational Research Institute, Chongqing 430039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 430065, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fang-Fei Li
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li-Ya Tian
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cai-Zhi Xiao
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Oncology Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peng W, Yu X, Yang R, Nie S, Jian X, Zeng P. Construction and validation of a nomogram for cancer specific survival of postoperative pancreatic cancer based on the SEER and China database. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38481160 PMCID: PMC10938672 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence rate and mortality rate among postoperative pancreatic cancer patients remain elevated. This study aims to develop and validate the cancer-specific survival period for individuals who have undergone pancreatic cancer surgery. METHODS We extracted eligible data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomly divided all patients into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort. External validation was performed using a separate Chinese cohort. The nomogram was developed using significant risk factors identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. The effectiveness of the nomogram was assessed using the area under the time-dependent curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were utilized to visualize the risk stratification of nomogram and AJCC stage. RESULTS Seven variables were identified through univariate and multivariate analysis to construct the nomogram. The consistency index of the nomogram for predicting overall survival was 0.683 (95% CI: 0.675-0.690), 0.689 (95% CI: 0.677-0.701), and 0.823 (95% CI: 0.786-0.860). The AUC values for the 1- and 2-year time-ROC curves were 0.751 and 0.721 for the training cohort, 0.731 and 0.7554 for the internal validation cohort, and 0.901 and 0.830 for the external validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration plots demonstrated favorable consistency between the predictions of the nomogram and actual observations. Moreover, the decision curve analysis indicated the clinical utility of the nomogram, and the risk stratification of the nomogram effectively identified high-risk patients. CONCLUSION The nomogram guides clinicians in assessing the survival period of postoperative pancreatic cancer patients, identifying high-risk groups, and devising tailored follow-up strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyi Yang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Nie
- The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Jian
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Puhua Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dias E Silva D, Chung V. Neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer: Controversies and advances. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 39:100804. [PMID: 38508132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advancements in the treatment of localized pancreatic cancer, several unresolved issues persist in clinical practice, especially in the neoadjuvant setting. These include determining the criteria for selecting patients for treatment, identifying the most effective chemotherapy regimens, understanding the role of radiotherapy, and accurately assessing how patients respond to treatment. Current strategies for assessing patients before surgery involve thoroughly evaluating their overall health status, analyzing tumor markers, and using advanced imaging techniques. However, existing methods for staging the disease still have limitations when it comes to accurately detecting metastatic cancer. The ongoing debate between performing surgery upfront or administering neoadjuvant therapy highlights the need for robust clinical evidence to guide treatment decisions effectively. This review analyzes the evidence regarding controversial topics in neoadjuvant pancreatic cancer treatment and discusses further research efforts to enhance patient outcomes. To improve the outcomes found with surgery alone, multimodal treatment with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Chung
- City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Riviere D, Aarntzen E, van Geenen E, Chang D, de Geus-Oei LF, Brosens L, van Laarhoven K, Gotthardt M, Hermans J. Qualitative flow metabolic phenotype of pancreatic cancer. A new prognostic biomarker? HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:389-399. [PMID: 38114400 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective analysis to investigate the relationship between the flow-metabolic phenotype and overall survival (OS) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its potential clinical utility. METHODS Patients with histopathologically proven PDAC between 2005 and 2014 using tumor attenuation on routine pre-operative CECT as a surrogate for the vascularity and [18F]FDG-uptake as a surrogate for metabolic activity on [18F]FDG-PET. RESULTS In total, 93 patients (50 male, 43 female, median age 63) were included. Hypoattenuating PDAC with high [18F]FDG-uptake has the poorest prognosis (median OS 7 ± 1 months), compared to hypoattenuating PDAC with low [18F]FDG-uptake (median OS 11 ± 3 months; p = 0.176), iso- or hyperattenuating PDAC with high [18F]FDG-uptake (median OS 15 ± 5 months; p = 0.004) and iso- or hyperattenuating PDAC with low [18F]FDG-uptake (median OS 23 ± 4 months; p = 0.035). In multivariate analysis, surgery combined with tumor differentiation, tumor stage, systemic therapy and flow metabolic phenotype remained independent predictors for overall survival. DISCUSSION The novel qualitative flow-metabolic phenotype of PDAC using a combination of CECT and [18F]FDG-PET features, predicted significantly worse survival for hypoattenuating-high uptake pancreatic cancers compared to the other phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniece Riviere
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Geenen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk Brosens
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees van Laarhoven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John Hermans
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim K, Park HC, Yu JI, Park JO, Hong JY, Lee KT, Lee KH, Lee JK, Park JK, Heo JS, Shin SH, Min JH, Kim K, Han IW. Impact and optimal timing of local therapy addition in borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer after FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 45:100732. [PMID: 38317678 PMCID: PMC10840322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the efficacy and optimal timing of local treatment in patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treated with upfront FOLFIRINOX. Method Between 2015 and 2020, 258 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were analysed. Treatment outcomes were compared between systemic treatment group (ST) and multimodality treatment groups (MT) using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. The MT were stratified as follows: FOLFIRINOX + radiation therapy (RT) (MT1), FOLFIRINOX + surgical resection (MT2), and FOLFIRINOX + RT + surgical resection (MT3). Results With median follow-up period of 18 months, the 2-year overall survival (OS) for the ST was 22.0%, and it was significantly worse than MT (MT1, 46.3%; MT2, 65.7% and MT3; 90.2%; P < .001). The 2-year locoregional progression free survival (LRPFS) and overall PFS in ST were 10.7% and 7.0%, which were also significantly lower than those of MT (2-year LRPFS: MT1, 31.8%; MT2, 45.3%; MT3, 81.0%; 2-year overall PFS: MT1, 23.3%; MT2, 35.0%; MT3, 66.3%; P < .001). In time-varying multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, local treatment contributed to better treatment outcomes, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.568 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.398-0.811), 0.490 (95% CI, 0.331-0.726), and 0.656 (95% CI, 0.458-0.940) for OS, LRPFS, and overall PFS, respectively. The time window of 11-17 months after FOLFIRINOX appeared to demonstrate the maximal efficacy of local treatments in OS. Conclusions Adding local treatment in BR/LAPC patients treated with upfront FOLFIRINOX seemed to contribute in improved treatment outcomes, and it showed maximal efficacy in OS when applied 11-17 months after the initiation of FOLFIRINOX. We suggest that administration of sufficient period of upfront FOLFIRINOX may intensify the efficacy of local treatments, and well controlled prospective trials are expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangpyo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Il Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Park
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Min
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Data Convergence & Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Woong Han
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, 06351 Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stoop TF, Theijse RT, Seelen LWF, Groot Koerkamp B, van Eijck CHJ, Wolfgang CL, van Tienhoven G, van Santvoort HC, Molenaar IQ, Wilmink JW, Del Chiaro M, Katz MHG, Hackert T, Besselink MG. Preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical decision-making in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:101-124. [PMID: 38036745 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection combined with systemic chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized pancreatic cancer. Upfront surgery is considered suboptimal in cases with extensive vascular involvement, which can be classified as either borderline resectable pancreatic cancer or locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In these patients, FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy is currently used as preoperative chemotherapy and is eventually combined with radiotherapy. Thus, more patients might reach 5-year overall survival. Patient selection for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and subsequent surgery is based on anatomical, biological and conditional parameters. Current guidelines and clinical practices vary considerably regarding preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, response evaluation, and indications for surgery. In this Review, we provide an overview of the clinical evidence regarding disease staging, preoperative therapy, response evaluation and surgery in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer or locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In addition, a clinical work-up is proposed based on the available evidence and guidelines. We identify knowledge gaps and outline a proposed research agenda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Stoop
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rutger T Theijse
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonard W F Seelen
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Geertjan van Tienhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I Quintus Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew H G Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Secanella L, Busquets J, Peláez N, Sorribas M, Laquente B, Ruiz-Osuna S, Fabregat J. The involvement of the hepatic artery is a risk factor for unresectability after neoadjuvant treatment in borderline pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Surg Oncol 2024; 52:102027. [PMID: 38113726 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (BR-PDAC) benefits from neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) with the intent of surgical salvage in the absence of disease progression during chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Scarce literature exists about prognostic factors of resectability at the time of diagnosis or during neoadjuvant treatment, especially regarding vascular relationships. MATERIALS We reviewed our prospective BR-PDAC cohort to determine resectability predictors. We collected data about clinical baseline characteristics, vessels' involvement, type of NAT, CA19-9 evolution, and radiological outcome. We performed a descriptive analysis and a logistic regression model to define resectability predictors; we finally compared overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for those predictors. RESULTS One hundred patients started NAT, with a resection rate of 44 % (40 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 4 distal pancreatectomies). The most frequent vessel relationship was the abutment of the superior mesenteric artery (44 %), and 26 patients had ≥2 vessels involved. Prognostic factors of resectability were CA19-9 response >10 % (OR 3.07, p = 0.016) and Hepatic Artery involvement (OR 0.21, p = 0.026). Median overall survival was better for CA19-9 responders than for non-responders (20.9 months and 11.8 months respectively, p < 0.001), and similar to normalized CA19-9 (25.0 months, p = 0.48). There were no differences in terms of OS or PFS with the involvement of the HA (17.7 vs 17.1 months, p = 0.367; and 8.7 vs 12.0 months, p = 0.267). CONCLUSION The involvement of the Hepatic Artery seems to confer a worse prognosis regarding resectability. A decrease of only >10 % of CA19-9 is a predictive factor for resectability and better overall and progression-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Secanella
- Digestive and General Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Infermeria Fonamental i Clínica, Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juli Busquets
- Digestive and General Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Peláez
- Digestive and General Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sorribas
- Digestive and General Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Laquente
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Osuna
- Radiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fabregat
- Digestive and General Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yun WG, Han Y, Cho YJ, Jung HS, Lee M, Kwon W, Jang JY. In Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Which Response is the More Reliable Indicator for Prognosis, Radiologic or Biochemical? Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1336-1346. [PMID: 37991581 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this era of increasing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, methods for evaluating responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy are still diverse among institutions. Additionally, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear. Therefore, this retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of methods for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in treating patients with non-metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS The study identified 150 patients who underwent neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy followed by curative-intent pancreatectomy. The patients were stratified by biochemical response based on the normalization of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and by radiologic response based on size change at imaging. RESULTS The patients were classified into the following three groups based on their response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis: biochemical responders (BR+), radiology-only responders (BR-/RR+), and non-responders (BR-/RR-). The 3-year overall survival rate was higher for BR+ (71.0%) than for BR-/RR+ (53.6%) or BR-/RR- (33.1%) (P < 0.001). Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy also was identified as a significant risk factor for recurrence in a comparison between BR-/RR+ and BR+ (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-3.88; P = 0.011) and BR-/RR- (HR, 3.82; 95% CI 2.41-6.08; P < 0.001). Additionally, regardless of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients who completed adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher 3-year overall survival rate than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS This response evaluation criterion for neoadjuvant chemotherapy is feasible and can significantly predict prognosis. Additionally, completion of adjuvant chemotherapy could be helpful to patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy regardless of their response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Cho
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sol Jung
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okada K, Kobayashi T, Kuroda S, Mashima H, Hashimoto M, Tahara H, Ohira M, Uemura K, Takahashi S, Ohdan H. Prognostic impact of pre- and postoperative tumor markers in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Today 2024; 54:177-185. [PMID: 37340141 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study assessed the impact of pre- and postoperative tumor markers on the survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS Medical records of 73 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. The pre- and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were assessed. Patient characteristics, clinicopathological factors, and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS The median recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 30.0 and 90.9 months, respectively. A multivariate survival analysis revealed that elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (p = 0.023) was the only independent poor prognostic factor. The median overall survival of patients with normal and elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels was 101.4 and 15.7 months (p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression identified elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as an independent preoperative risk factor for elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9. The optimal cutoff value of preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for predicting elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was 40 U/mL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 87%, respectively (area under curve = 0.915). CONCLUSIONS Elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was an independent poor prognostic factor. Preoperative predictors, such as elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9, may indicate the need for neoadjuvant therapies to improve the survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Okada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yan X, Fu X, Gui Y, Chen X, Cheng Y, Dai M, Wang W, Xiao M, Tan L, Zhang J, Shao Y, Wang H, Chang X, Lv K. Development and validation of a nomogram model based on pretreatment ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:13. [PMID: 38245789 PMCID: PMC10800053 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a nomogram using pretreatment ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to predict the clinical response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). METHODS A total of 111 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with NAC between October 2017 and February 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were randomly divided (7:3) into training and validation cohorts. The pretreatment US and CEUS features were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent predictors of clinical response in the training cohort. Then a prediction nomogram model based on the independent predictors was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration plot, C-index and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the nomogram's performance, calibration, discrimination and clinical benefit. RESULTS The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the taller-than-wide shape in the longitudinal plane (odds ratio [OR]:0.20, p = 0.01), time from injection of contrast agent to peak enhancement (OR:3.64; p = 0.05) and Peaktumor/ Peaknormal (OR:1.51; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of clinical response to NAC. The predictive nomogram developed based on the above imaging features showed AUCs were 0.852 and 0.854 in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. Good calibration was achieved in the training datasets, with C-index of 0.852. DCA verified the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on pretreatment US and CEUS can effectively predict the clinical response of NAC in patients with BRPC and LAPC; it may help guide personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianshui Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, No.304 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Gui
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuejuan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengsu Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Zhuo Q, Li B, Liu M, Chen C, Shi Y, Xu W, Liu W, Ji S, Yu X, Xu X. Feasibility of laparoscopic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:1. [PMID: 38169384 PMCID: PMC10759588 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no evidence supporting the feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) compared to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS The clinical data of consecutive patients with borderline resectable PDAC who received NACT and underwent either LPD or OPD between January 2020 and December 2022 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The analysis included 57 patients in the OPD group and 20 in the LPD group. Following NACT, the LPD group exhibited a higher median CA19-9 decrease rate compared to the OPD group (85.3% vs. 66.9%, P = 0.042). Furthermore, 3 anatomically borderline PDACs in the LPD group and 5 in the OPD group were downstaged into resectable status (30.0% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.069). According to RECIST criteria, 51 (66.2%) patients in the entire cohort were evaluated as having stable disease. The median operation time for the LPD group was longer than the OPD group (419 vs. 325 min, P < 0.001), while the venous resection rate was 35.0% vs. 43.9%, respectively (P = 0.489). There was no difference in the number of retrieved lymph nodes, with a median number of 18.5 in the LPD group and 22 in the OPD group, and the R1 margin rate (15.0% vs. 12.3%) was also comparable. The incidence of Clavien-Dindo complications (35.0% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.018) was lower in the LPD group compared to the OPD group. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that a tumor diameter > 3 cm before NACT (HR 2.185) and poor tumor differentiation (HR 1.805) were independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival, and a decrease rate of CA19-9 > 70% (OR 0.309) was a protective factor for early tumor recurrence and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS LPD for PDAC following NACT is feasible and oncologically equivalent to OPD. Effective control of CA19-9 levels is beneficial in reducing early tumor recurrence and improving overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihua Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang HK, Park MS, Han K, Eom G, Chung YE, Choi JY, Bang S, Kang CM, Seong J, Kim MJ. Risk Stratification of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Curative-Intent Surgery after Neoadjuvant Therapy. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:247-258. [PMID: 37605535 PMCID: PMC10789942 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical prognostic criteria using preoperative factors were not developed for post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aimed to identify preoperative factors associated with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgery and develop risk stratification criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgeries between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, laboratory, surgical, and histopathologic variables were collected. Baseline, preoperative, and interval changes of computed tomography (CT) findings proposed by the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to select preoperative variables associated with OS. We developed risk stratification criteria composed of the significant preoperative variables, i.e., post-NAT response criteria. We compared the discrimination performance of post-NAT response criteria with that of post-NAT pathological (yp) American Joint Cancer Committee TNM staging system. RESULTS One hundred forty-five PDAC patients were included. Stable or increased tumor size on CT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 4.21; p < 0.001) and elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.55; p=0.021) were independent factors of OS. The OS of the patient groups stratified by post-NAT response criteria which combined changes in tumor size and CA19-9 showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Such stratification was comparable to ypTNM staging in discrimination performance (difference of C-index, 0.068; 95% CI, -0.012 to 0.142). CONCLUSION "Any degree of decrease in tumor size on CT" and CA19-9 normalization or staying normal were independent favorable factors of OS. The combination of the two factors discriminated OS comparably to ypTNM staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Yang
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Park
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Sciences and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geonsik Eom
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Eun Chung
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Department of Surgery, Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Akahori T, Terai T, Nagai M, Nakamura K, Kohara Y, Yasuda S, Matsuo Y, Doi S, Sakata T, Sho M. Total neoadjuvant therapy improves survival of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2024; 8:151-162. [PMID: 38250684 PMCID: PMC10797818 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement (BR-A) pancreatic cancer. Methods We analyzed 81 patients initially diagnosed as BR-A who received initial treatments between 2007 and 2021. Among them, 18 patients who received upfront surgery were classified as the UFS group, while 30 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were classified as the NACRT group. Furthermore, 33 patients who planned to receive a combination treatment of over 6 months of systemic chemotherapies followed by chemoradiotherapy before surgery were classified as the TNT group. Results There were no significant differences in the patients' backgrounds between the three groups at the time of initial treatment. The resection rates of the UFS, NACRT, and TNT groups were 89%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. NACRT had no impact on the prognosis compared to upfront surgery. In sharp contrast, the TNT group had a significantly better prognosis compared to the other groups, especially after pancreatic resection. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNT and resection were independent prognostic factors for the patients of BR-A. Conclusion TNT can be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with BR-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taichi Terai
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Kota Nakamura
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | | | | | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Shunsuke Doi
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| | | | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of SurgeryNara Medical UniversityNaraJapan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ikuta S, Aihara T, Nakajima T, Yamanaka N. Predicting Pathological Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Post-Chemotherapy Computed Tomography Radiomics. Cureus 2024; 16:e52193. [PMID: 38348011 PMCID: PMC10859726 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing the response to preoperative treatment in pancreatic cancer provides valuable information for guiding subsequent treatment strategies. The present study aims to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT) radiomics-based machine learning (ML) model for predicting pathological response (PR) to preoperative chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Retrospective data were analyzed from 86 PDAC patients undergoing neoadjuvant or conversion chemotherapy followed by surgical resection from January 2018 to May 2023. The cohort was randomly divided into training (70%, n = 60) and testing (30%, n = 26) sets. Favorable PR was defined as Evans grade IIb or greater. Radiomic features were extracted from post-chemotherapy CT images, and dimensionality reduction was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. Four ML classifiers (Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Random Forest, AdaBoost, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis) were evaluated for predicting a favorable PR. Model performance was primarily assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brier score, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS Forty-one (47.7%) patients had a favorable PR. LASSO analysis on the training set identified five radiomic features. The LGBM model demonstrated the best performance, with a training AUC of 0.902 and a testing AUC of 0.923. It also exhibited the lowest Brier scores, both in training (0.136) and testing (0.135). Decision curve analysis further confirmed its clinical potential. CONCLUSION The CT radiomics-based ML model exhibited promising performance in predicting PR in PDAC after neoadjuvant/conversion chemotherapy. This suggests clinical utility in optimizing surgical candidates and timing of surgery, leading to personalized treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shao Z, Chen X, Qiu H, Xu M, Wen X, Chen Z, Liu Z, Ding X, Zhang L. CircNEK6 promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through targeting miR-503/CCND1 axis. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101810. [PMID: 37871516 PMCID: PMC10622713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to reveal the function and underlying molecular mechanism of circRNA NIMA related kinase 6 (circNEK6) in promoting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS The differentially expressed circRNAs in three paired PDAC tissues and adjacent tissues were identified by RNA sequencing. CircNEK6 was screened out to further explore its relationship with the prognosis of PDAC patients. The target microRNAs and mRNAs of circNEK6 were analyzed through online databases and detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit-8 assay, clone formation assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and western blot were used to explore the function of circNEK6 on the biological behaviors of PDAC cells. The in vivo antitumor effect of circNEK6 silencing on PDAC was investigated by nude mouse xenograft models. RESULTS 203 differentially expressed circRNAs including circNEK6 were identified between paired PDAC tissues and adjacent tissues, and the expression level of circNEK6 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of PDAC patients. The results of in vitro experiments showed that knockdown of circNEK6 repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced the apoptosis of PDAC cells. Moreover, circNEK6 silencing inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of PDAC-bearing mice. Mechanistically, miR-503/cyclin D1 (CCND1) axis was predicted and confirmed as the target of circNEK6. CONCLUSIONS CircNEK6 serves as a competing endogenous RNA of CCND1 by absorbing miR-503, which might be treated as a novel and potential target for PDAC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Shao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 9 Kunpeng North Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Muchen Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affilated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 9 Kunpeng North Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Ziqin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Zhengyang Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 9 Kunpeng North Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China.
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 9 Kunpeng North Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Leonhardt CS, Hank T, Pils D, Gustorff C, Sahora K, Schindl M, Verbeke CS, Strobel O, Klaiber U. Prognostic impact of resection margin status on survival after neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:453-463. [PMID: 38315795 PMCID: PMC10793837 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A greater than 1 mm tumour-free resection margin (R0 >1 mm) is a prognostic factor in upfront-resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. After neoadjuvant treatment (NAT); however, the prognostic impact of resection margin (R) status remains controversial. METHODS Randomised and non-randomised studies assessing the association of R status and survival in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after NAT were sought by systematic searches of MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL. Hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% CI were collected to generate log HR using the inverse-variance method. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed and the results presented as weighted HR. Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to account for different surgical procedures and varying length of follow-up, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with a total of 4929 patients were included. Based on univariable data, R0 greater than 1 mm was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.57-1.97; P<0.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.39-1.97; P<0.00001). Using adjusted data, R0 greater than 1 mm was significantly associated with prolonged OS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.39-1.97; P<0.00001) and DFS (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.30-2.39; P=0.0003). Results for R1 direct were comparable in the entire cohort; however, no prognostic impact was detected in sensitivity analysis including only partial pancreatoduodenectomies. CONCLUSION After NAT, a tumour-free margin greater than 1 mm is independently associated with improved OS as well as DFS in patients undergoing surgical resection for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Stephan Leonhardt
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hank
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Gustorff
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Sahora
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schindl
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline S. Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulla Klaiber
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wahler IL, Damanakis A, Große Hokamp N, Bruns C, Schmidt T. Therapy of Locally Advanced and Oligometastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5881. [PMID: 38136425 PMCID: PMC10741431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease, and surgical resection remains the only curative treatment option. Unfortunately, upon primary diagnosis, only 15-20% of all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have localized disease that is eligible for operation. The remainder of patients either have borderline resectable or locally advanced disease or present with distant metastasis. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview regarding the current strategies and future directions in the multimodal therapy of locally advanced and oligometastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma and discuss the benefit of surgery following neoadjuvant therapy in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Luisa Wahler
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (I.L.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexander Damanakis
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (I.L.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Nils Große Hokamp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (I.L.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (I.L.W.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nicolais LM, Mohamed A, Macgillivray D, Verdini N, Inhorn R, Dugan M, Hayward CM, Fitzgerald TL. Improved Overall Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer through Multiagent Chemotherapy and Increased Rates of Surgical Resection. Am Surg 2023; 89:5964-5971. [PMID: 37295019 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221148350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seminal trials have demonstrated improved survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma with novel multiagent chemotherapy regimens. To understand the clinical ramifications of this paradigm shift, we reviewed our institutional experience. METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized a prospective database at a single institution to study all patients diagnosed with and treated for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS 1,572 patients were included of which 36% were diagnosed before (Era 1) and 64% after (Era 2) 2011. Survival improved in Era 2 (Median survival 10 vs 8 months, HR .79; P < .001). The survival advantage for Era 2 was primarily seen in patients with high-risk disease (12 vs10 months, HR .71; P < .001). A similar trend was noted for patients undergoing surgical resection (26 vs 21 months, HR .80; P = .081) and with imminently resectable tumors (19 vs 15 months, HR .88; P = .4); however, this was not statistically significant. There was no survival advantage for patients with stage IV disease (4 vs 4 months). Patients in Era 2 were more likely to undergo surgery (OR 2.78; CI 2.00-3.92, P < .001). This increase was driven primarily by increased surgical resection for those with high-risk disease (42 vs 20%, OR 3.74; P < .001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS This single institutional study showed improved survival after the shift to novel chemotherapy regimens. This was driven by improved survival for patients with high-risk disease and may be due to more effective eradication of microscopic metastatic disease with adjuvant chemotherapy and increased resection rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Nicolais
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Clinical and Translational Science Graduate Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dougald Macgillivray
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Nicholas Verdini
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Washington St, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger Inhorn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Matthew Dugan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Cynthia M Hayward
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Terai T, Nagai M, Nakamura K, Kohara Y, Yasuda S, Matsuo Y, Doi S, Sakata T, Sho M. Combination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level and tumor size after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy may predict early recurrence of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2023; 23:970-977. [PMID: 37914628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the overall survival rate of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer has gradually improved, some patients relapse early and have a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify the preoperative risk factors for early recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. METHODS This study analyzed patients who underwent pancreatectomy after receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer between January 2009 and June 2021 and excluded those with borderline resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancers. Early recurrence was defined as recurrence within 6 months after surgery. RESULTS This study included 203 patients, of whom 22 experienced early recurrence. The median survival time of patients with early recurrence was 18.3 months, which was significantly worse than that of patients with late recurrence (44.0 months, p < 0.001) or no recurrence (not reached, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level of >100 units/mL and a T status of ≥T2 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were independent predictive risk factors for early recurrence. The median recurrence-free survival time of patients with two risk factors was 9.7 months and significantly worse than that of those with either risk factors (20.5 months, p = 0.024) and those with no risk factor (26.2 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A combination of a high-level carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and a T status of ≥T2 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy are predictors of early recurrence and may be helpful for selecting patients who require a stronger preoperative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Terai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kota Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kohara
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Doi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakata
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Karbhari A, Mosessian S, Trivedi KH, Valla F, Jacobson M, Truty MJ, Patnam NG, Simeone DM, Zan E, Brennan T, Chen H, Kuo PH, Herrmann K, Goenka AH. Gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-46 PET in patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A phase 2, multicenter, single arm, open label non-randomized study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294564. [PMID: 38011131 PMCID: PMC10681241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease prone to widespread metastatic dissemination and characterized by a desmoplastic stroma that contributes to poor outcomes. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial components of the tumor stroma, influencing carcinogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastases, and treatment resistance. Non-invasive tools to profile CAF identity and function are essential for overcoming CAF-mediated therapy resistance, developing innovative targeted therapies, and improved patient outcomes. We present the design of a multicenter phase 2 study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05262855) of [68Ga]FAPI-46 PET to image FAP-expressing CAFs in resectable or borderline resectable PDAC. METHODS We will enroll up to 60 adult treatment-naïve patients with confirmed PDAC. These patients will be eligible for curative surgical resection, either without prior treatment (Cohort 1) or after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) (Cohort 2). A baseline PET scan will be conducted from the vertex to mid-thighs approximately 15 minutes after administering 5 mCi (±2) of [68Ga]FAPI-46 intravenously. Cohort 2 patients will undergo an additional PET after completing NAT but before surgery. Histopathology and FAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) of initial diagnostic biopsy and resected tumor samples will serve as the truth standards. Primary objective is to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [68Ga]FAPI-46 PET for detecting FAP-expressing CAFs. Secondary objectives will assess predictive values and safety profile validation. Exploratory objectives are comparison of diagnostic performance of [68Ga]FAPI-46 PET to standard-of-care imaging, and comparison of pre- versus post-NAT [68Ga]FAPI-46 PET in Cohort 2. CONCLUSION To facilitate the clinical translation of [68Ga]FAPI-46 in PDAC, the current study seeks to implement a coherent strategy to mitigate risks and increase the probability of meeting FDA requirements and stakeholder expectations. The findings from this study could potentially serve as a foundation for a New Drug Application to the FDA. TRIAL REGISTRATION @ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05262855.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashna Karbhari
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sherly Mosessian
- Clinical Development, Sofie Biosciences, Dulles, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kamaxi H. Trivedi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Frank Valla
- Radiopharmaceutical and Contract Manufacturing, Sofie Biosciences, Dulles, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Jacobson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nandakumar G. Patnam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elcin Zan
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tracy Brennan
- Discovery Life Sciences, Newtown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hongli Chen
- Discovery Life Sciences, Newtown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Phillip H. Kuo
- Departments of Medical Imaging, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ajit H. Goenka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Farnes I, Kleive D, Verbeke CS, Aabakken L, Issa-Epe A, Småstuen MC, Fosby BV, Dueland S, Line PD, Labori KJ. Resection rates and intention-to-treat outcomes in borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: real-world data from a population-based, prospective cohort study (NORPACT-2). BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad137. [PMID: 38155512 PMCID: PMC10755199 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic chemotherapy is the initial treatment strategy for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer to facilitate curative resection. The aim of this study was to investigate the resection rates and overall survival in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS Consecutive patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer/locally advanced pancreatic cancer discussed by Oslo University Hospital multidisciplinary team between 2018 and 2020, serving a population of 3.1 million within a geographically defined area in south-eastern Norway, were included in this prospective Norwegian Pancreatic Cancer Trial-2 study, according to intention-to-treat principles. The total number of patients with pancreatic cancer was sought from the Cancer Registry of Norway. RESULTS A total of 1178 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, of whom 618 were referred to Oslo University Hospital. After multidisciplinary team evaluation, 230 patients were considered to have borderline resectable pancreatic cancer/locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The final study group consisted of 188 patients (borderline resectable pancreatic cancer n = 96, locally advanced pancreatic cancer n = 92) who were fit to receive primary chemotherapy. Resection rates were 46.9% (45 of 96) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and 13% (12 of 92) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (P <0.001). Median overall survival was 14.6 months (borderline resectable pancreatic cancer 16.4 months; locally advanced pancreatic cancer 13.7 months, (P = 0.2)). Adjusted for immortal time bias, median overall survival for patients undergoing resection versus only chemotherapy was 24.4 months versus 10.1 months (P <0.001) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and 28.4 months versus 12.6 months for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Resection rates and survival in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated at a high-volume centre in a universal healthcare system compare well with those treated at international expert centres.Registration number: NCT04423731 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Farnes
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dyre Kleive
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aart Issa-Epe
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjarte V Fosby
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut J Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shrikhande SV, Kunte AR, Chopde AN, Chaudhari VA, Bhandare MS. Big data and RCT's in surgical oncology: Impact on improving hepatopancreatobiliary cancer surgical care on the global stage. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:1003-1010. [PMID: 37818909 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) are at the heart of "evidence-based" medicine. Conducting well-designed RCTs for surgical procedures is often challenged by inadequate recruitment accrual, blinding, or standardization of the surgical procedure, as well as lack of funding and evolution of the treatment strategy during the many years over which such trials are conducted. In addition, most clinical trials are performed in academic high-volume centers with highly selected patients, which may not necessarily reflect a "real-world" practice setting. Large databases provide easy and inexpensive access to data on a large and diverse patient population at a variety of treatment centers. Furthermore, large database studies provide the opportunity to answer questions that would be impossible or very arduous to answer using RCTs, including questions regarding health policy efficacy, trends in surgical practice, access to health care, the impact of hospital volume, and adherence to practice guidelines, as well as research questions regarding rare disease, infrequent surgical outcomes, and specific subpopulations. Prospective data registries may also allow for quality benchmarking and auditing. There are several high-quality RCTs providing evidence to support current practices in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) oncology. Evidence from big data bridges the gap in several instances where RCTs are lacking. In this article, we review the evidence from RCTs and big data in HPB oncology identify the existing lacunae, and discuss the future directions of research in HPB oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh V Shrikhande
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya R Kunte
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit N Chopde
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram A Chaudhari
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish S Bhandare
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Okada K, Kimura K, Yamashita Y, Shibuya K, Matsumoto I, Satoi S, Yoshida K, Kodera Y, Akahori T, Hirono S, Eguchi H, Asakuma M, Tani M, Hatano E, Ikoma H, Ohira G, Hayashi H, Wan K, Shimokawa T, Kawai M, Yamaue H. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine therapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: A multicenter single-arm phase II study (NAC-GA trial). Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2023; 7:997-1008. [PMID: 37927936 PMCID: PMC10623952 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine is a standard treatment for metastatic/locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (GnP-NAT) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) remains unclear. Patients and Methods This single-arm phase II trial included 61 patients with BRPC that were treated with two cycles of GnP-NAT, (nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2), on days 1, 8, and 15 over a 4-week period, which comprised one cycle. The primary endpoint was overall survival time. In the absence of disease progression, patients underwent planned pancreatectomy. Results Median overall survival, the primary endpoint, was 25.2 months, and the median recurrence-free survival was 12.3 months. The overall rate of grade 3/4 events was 73.8%. One patient, who had a history of radiation therapy for past esophageal cancer, died from exacerbation via pneumonia. The overall resection rate was 73.8% (n = 45), and the R0 resection rate was 63.9% (n = 39). Overall, postoperative complications were found in 19 patients (42%) with 24 events, and nine patients (20%) with nine events ≥ grade IIIa, based on Dindo's classification. Conclusions This protocol treatment is thought to be a feasible, safe, and promising treatment regimen, but we caution against its use in patients with a history of interstitial lung disease and/or prior pulmonary irradiation. The survival data from this study suggest the need for further investigations of GnP-NAT efficacy in patients with BRPC, as well as prospective evaluation of adverse events. Clinical Trial Registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000024154 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02926183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐ichi Okada
- Second Department of SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yo‐Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuto Shibuya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Ippei Matsumoto
- Department of SurgeryKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka‐SayamaJapan
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Department of SurgeryKansai Medical UniversityHirakataJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical OncologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Seiko Hirono
- Second Department of SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHyogo Medical UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Asakuma
- Department of General and Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Masaji Tani
- Department of SurgeryShiga University of Medical ScienceŌtsuJapan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of SurgeryKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Ke Wan
- Clinical Study Support CenterWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Toshio Shimokawa
- Clinical Study Support CenterWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Manabu Kawai
- Second Department of SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Department of Cancer ImmunologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu W, Li M, Xia J. Identification of immunogenic cell death‑related prognostic signatures in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:473. [PMID: 37809045 PMCID: PMC10551861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting immunogenic cell death (ICD) may enable the response of pancreatic cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of ICD-related genes in pancreatic cancer. Utilizing the k-means method, consensus clustering was employed to effectively group patients with pancreatic cancer. Subsequently, a set of differentially expressed genes was identified between the two subtypes related to ICD, facilitating the execution of a comprehensive enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the construction of an ICD-related prognostic signature (IRPS) was accomplished through LASSO Cox regression, thereby enabling the assessment of responses to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition, the biological functionality of 5'-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E) was elucidated through experimental investigations. Patients characterized as the ICD high subtype experienced a comparatively shorter overall survival. This subtype exhibited a noteworthy correlation with HLA families and immune checkpoint molecules, underscoring its immunological significance. Subsequently, patients with elevated IRPS risk scores displayed resistance towards immunotherapy interventions. Of note, synergistic downregulation of NT5E in combination with Gemcitabine was observed to significantly induce tumor cell apoptosis, emphasizing its potential therapeutic value. Leveraging ICD-related genes, a novel classification system was meticulously devised to comprehensively evaluate both the clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 13th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400053, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 13th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400053, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 13th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400053, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alfano MS, Garnier J, Palen A, Ewald J, Piana G, Poizat F, Mitry E, Delpero JR, Turrini O. Peak Risk of Recurrence Occurs during the First Two Years after a Pancreatectomy in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5151. [PMID: 37958326 PMCID: PMC10649429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
No codified/systematic surveillance program exists for borderline/locally advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and a secondary resection. This study aimed to determine the trend of recurrence in patients who were managed using such a treatment strategy. From 2010, 101 patients received FOLFIRINOX and underwent a pancreatectomy, in a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Seventy-one patients (70%, R group) were diagnosed with recurrence after a median follow-up of 11 months postsurgery. In the multivariable analysis, patients in the R-group had a higher rate of weight loss (p = 0.018), higher carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9) serum levels at diagnosis (p = 0.012), T3/T4 stage (p = 0.017), and positive lymph nodes (p < 0.01) compared to patients who did not experience recurrence. The risk of recurrence in patients with T1/T2 N0 R0 was the lowest (19%), and all recurrences occurred during the first two postoperative years. The peak risk of recurrence for the entire population was observed during the first two postoperative years. The probability of survival decreased until the second year and rebounded to 100% permanently, after the ninth postoperative year. Close monitoring is needed at reduced intervals during the first 2 years following a pancreatectomy and should be extended to later than 5 years for those with unfavorable pathological results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Alfano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
| | - Jonathan Garnier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
| | - Anaïs Palen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
| | - Jacques Ewald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
| | - Gilles Piana
- Department of Radiology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Flora Poizat
- Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Mitry
- Department of Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Robert Delpero
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; (M.-S.A.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dong X, Wang K, Yang H, Cheng R, Li Y, Hou Y, Chang J, Yuan L. The Nomogram predicting the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer treated with radiotherapy: a study based on the SEER database and a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266318. [PMID: 37955009 PMCID: PMC10634587 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) have a poor prognosis. Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard palliative treatment in clinical practice, and there is no effective clinical prediction model to predict the prognosis of PC patients receiving radiotherapy. This study aimed to analyze PC's clinical characteristics, find the factors affecting PC patients' prognosis, and construct a visual Nomogram to predict overall survival (OS). Methods SEER*Stat software was used to collect clinical data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of 3570 patients treated with RT. At the same time, the relevant clinical data of 115 patients were collected from the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The SEER database data were randomly divided into the training and internal validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio, with all patients at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University as the external validation cohort. The lasso regression was used to screen the relevant variables. All non-zero variables were included in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier(K-M) method was used to plot the survival curves for different treatments (surgery, RT, chemotherapy, and combination therapy) and calculate the median OS. The Nomogram was constructed to predict the survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years, and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were plotted with the calculated curves. Calculate the area under the curve (AUC), the Bootstrap method was used to plot the calibration curve, and the clinical efficacy of the prediction model was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The median OS was 25.0, 18.0, 11.0, and 4.0 months in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy (SCRT), surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and RT alone cohorts, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, N stage, M stage, chemotherapy, surgery, lymph node surgery, and Grade were independent prognostic factors for patients. Nomogram models were constructed to predict patients' OS. 1-, 3-, and 5-year Time-dependent ROC curves were plotted, and AUC values were calculated. The results suggested that the AUCs were 0.77, 0.79, and 0.79 for the training cohort, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.81 for the internal validation cohort, and 0.73, 0.93, and 0.88 for the external validation cohort. The calibration curves Show that the model prediction probability is in high agreement with the actual observation probability, and the DCA curve shows a high net return. Conclusion SCRT significantly improves the OS of PC patients. We developed and validated a Nomogram to predict the OS of PC patients receiving RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruilan Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanqi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiali Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|