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Witt EE, Jogerst K, Wojcik BM, Mansur A, Mullen JT, Petrusa ER, Phitayakorn R, McKinley SK. Patient satisfaction with women vs men surgical interns and senior residents. Am J Surg 2024; 235:115813. [PMID: 38991253 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction is critical for referrals and reimbursement of surgical faculty but remains poorly characterized for residents. We investigated whether patient evaluations of surgical trainees vary by resident gender. METHODS Surgical inpatients evaluated surgical resident care postoperatively after positively identifying trainees. Evaluations (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Surgical Care Surveys (S-CAHPS)) were scored by the "top-box" method, stratified by training level, and compared between women and men residents. RESULTS Ninety-one percent of patients participated (n = 324/357). Patients recognized women interns less than men (75.0 % vs 87.2 %, p = 0.01). S-CAHPS scores for women vs men interns were equivalent except for spending sufficient time with patients (75.6 % vs 88.0 %, p = 0.02). For senior residents, there was no difference in patient recognition of women vs men (83.9 % vs 85.2 %, p = 0.91) or in any S-CAHPS scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gendered differences in patient evaluations of surgical trainees exist for interns but resolve by senior years. Future work should explore how patient evaluations can support trainee development while ensuring patients recognize the role of surgical residents regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Witt
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Kristen Jogerst
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brandon M Wojcik
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Munson Medical Center, 1105 Sixth St, Traverse City, MI, 49684, USA
| | - Arian Mansur
- Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John T Mullen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emil R Petrusa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Roy Phitayakorn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sophia K McKinley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Weaver ML, Sun T, Shickel B, Cox ML, Carter TM, Steinl GK, Johnson CE, Amankwah KS, Cardella JA, Loftus TJ, Smith BK. Gender differences in autonomy and performance assessments in a national cohort of vascular surgery trainees. J Vasc Surg 2024; 80:260-267.e2. [PMID: 38493897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gender disparities in surgical training and assessment are described in the general surgery literature. Assessment disparities have not been explored in vascular surgery. We sought to investigate gender disparities in operative assessment in a national cohort of vascular surgery integrated residents (VIRs) and fellows (VSFs). METHODS Operative performance and autonomy ratings from the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning (SIMPL) application database were collected for all vascular surgery participating institutions from 2018 to 2023. Logistic generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the association of faculty and trainee gender on faculty and self-assessment of autonomy and performance. Data were adjusted for post-graduate year and case complexity. Random effects were included to account for clustering effects due to participant, program, and procedure. RESULTS One hundred three trainees (n = 63 VIRs; n = 40 VSFs; 63.1% men) and 99 faculty (73.7% men) from 17 institutions (n = 12 VIR and n = 13 VSF programs) contributed 4951 total assessments (44.4% by faculty, 55.6% by trainees) across 235 unique procedures. Faculty and trainee gender were not associated with faculty ratings of performance (faculty gender: odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-2.29; trainee gender: OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.76-0.43) or autonomy (faculty gender: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.41-2.39; trainee gender: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.62-2.45) of trainees. All trainees self-assessed at lower performance and autonomy ratings as compared with faculty assessments. However, women trainees rated themselves significantly lower than men for both autonomy (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.74) and performance (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30-0.54). CONCLUSIONS Although gender was not associated with differences in faculty assessment of performance or autonomy among vascular surgery trainees, women trainees perceive themselves as performing with lower competency and less autonomy than their male colleagues. These findings suggest utility for exploring gender differences in real-time feedback delivered to and received by trainees and targeted interventions to align trainee self-perception with actual operative performance and autonomy to optimize surgical skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Libby Weaver
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Benjamin Shickel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL
| | - Morgan L Cox
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA
| | - Taylor M Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - Gabrielle K Steinl
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Cali E Johnson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kwame S Amankwah
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Jonathan A Cardella
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brigitte K Smith
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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Jones RL, Prusmetikul S, Whitehorn S. Differential attainment in assessment of postgraduate surgical trainees: a scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:597. [PMID: 38816822 PMCID: PMC11141033 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solving disparities in assessments is crucial to a successful surgical training programme. The first step in levelling these inequalities is recognising in what contexts they occur, and what protected characteristics are potentially implicated. METHODS This scoping review was based on Arksey & O'Malley's guiding principles. OVID and Embase were used to identify articles, which were then screened by three reviewers. RESULTS From an initial 358 articles, 53 reported on the presence of differential attainment in postgraduate surgical assessments. The majority were quantitative studies (77.4%), using retrospective designs. 11.3% were qualitative. Differential attainment affects a varied range of protected characteristics. The characteristics most likely to be investigated were gender (85%), ethnicity (37%) and socioeconomic background (7.5%). Evidence of inequalities are present in many types of assessment, including: academic achievements, assessments of progression in training, workplace-based assessments, logs of surgical experience and tests of technical skills. CONCLUSION Attainment gaps have been demonstrated in many types of assessment, including supposedly "objective" written assessments and at revalidation. Further research is necessary to delineate the most effective methods to eliminate bias in higher surgical training. Surgical curriculum providers should be informed by the available literature on inequalities in surgical training, as well as other neighbouring specialties such as medicine or general practice, when designing assessments and considering how to mitigate for potential causes of differential attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Jones
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Alexandra House, Sandford Road, Cheltenham, GL53 7AN, UK.
| | - Suwimol Prusmetikul
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarah Whitehorn
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Papageorge MV, Luc JGY, Olive JK, Antonoff MB. Authorship Trends and Disparities in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:1329-1334. [PMID: 36270390 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have revealed significant gender disparities in the academic arenas of cardiothoracic surgery. However, the status of gender representation in cardiothoracic publications has not been well described. This study aimed to evaluate authorship trends by gender in two high-impact cardiothoracic surgical journals. METHODS In this bibliometric analysis, PubMed was searched for articles published in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery and the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery from 2010 to 2021. The web-based application Genderize.io was used to classify names of first and last authors as men vs women. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate authorship per year and the association of first and last author gender, respectively. RESULTS Among 14,443 articles, 16.7% had women first authors and 8.1% had women last authors. The proportion of articles written by women authors increased, rising from 12.6% to 21.1% (P < .0001) for first and 5.4% to 11.5% (P < .0001) for last authors. Papers written with women as first author were associated with 2.0 higher odds of having a woman as last author (95% CI, 1.7-2.3; P < .0001). The mean number of last author publications was higher for men than for women (2.4 vs 1.7, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Over the past decade, despite a welcomed increase in women authorship in high-impact journals in cardiothoracic surgery, women represent a small proportion of published authors. Women first authors are more likely to publish with women last authors, demonstrating the impact of same-gender collaborations while emphasizing a need for cross-gender mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline K Olive
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Ellett T, Zanolli N, Weber JM, Erkanli A, Rosette AS, Dotters-Katz SK, Davidson B. Gender and Language in Letters of Recommendation for Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellowship Applications. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:1424-1431. [PMID: 37580240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the use of gender-biased language in letters of recommendation for Obstetrics and Gynecology fellowships and its impact on applicants. DESIGN Fellowship letters of recommendation from 4 Obstetrics and Gynecology specialties at a single institution in 2020 were included. PRIMARY OUTCOME frequency of agentic and communal language in letters of recommendation using Linguistics Inquiry Word Count software. SECONDARY OUTCOMES letter of recommendation length and language utilization by author gender and applicant success measured by interviews and match success. Marginal models were fit to determine if language varied by applicant and writer gender and subspecialty. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine associations between language and interview receipt. SETTING Single academic institution (Duke University); 2020 OB/GYN fellowship application cycle. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1216 letters of recommendation submitted by 326 unique applicants for OB/GYN subspecialty fellowships at our institution. RESULTS Rates of gender-biased language were low (Agentic:1.3%; communal: 0.8%). Agentic term use did not vary by applicant or author gender (p = 0.78 and 0.16) Male authors utilized 19% fewer communal terms than females (p < 0.001). Each 0.25% increase in agentic language was associated with an 18% reduction in the probability of interview invitation at our institution (p = 0.004). Percentage of agentic or communal language was not associated with successful matching into any subspecialty. CONCLUSIONS No differences in agentic vs communal language based on applicant gender were found in this cohort, though female letter writers wrote longer letters with more communal terms. Increasing agentic terms negatively impacted interview invitation but did not affect successful matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa Ellett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole Zanolli
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy M Weber
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alaattin Erkanli
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Sarah K Dotters-Katz
- Duke Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brittany Davidson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina.
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Helliwell LA, Hyland CJ, Gonte MR, Malapati SH, Bain PA, Ranganathan K, Pusic AL. Bias in Surgical Residency Evaluations: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:922-947. [PMID: 37142488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given widespread disparities in the surgical workforce and the advent of competency-based training models that rely on objective evaluations of resident performance, this review aims to describe the landscape of bias in the evaluation methods of residents in surgical training programs in the United States. DESIGN A scoping review was conducted within PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ERIC in May 2022, without a date restriction. Studies were screened and reviewed in duplicate by 3 reviewers. Data were described descriptively. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS English-language studies conducted in the United States that assessed bias in the evaluation of surgical residents were included. RESULTS The search yielded 1641 studies, of which 53 met inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 26 (49.1%) were retrospective cohort studies, 25 (47.2%) were cross-sectional studies, and 2 (3.8%) were prospective cohort studies. The majority included general surgery residents (n = 30, 56.6%) and nonstandardized examination modalities (n = 38, 71.7%), such as video-based skills evaluations (n = 5, 13.2%). The most common performance metric evaluated was operative skill (n = 22, 41.5%). Overall, the majority of studies demonstrated bias (n = 38, 73.6%) and most investigated gender bias (n = 46, 86.8%). Most studies reported disadvantages for female trainees regarding standardized examinations (80.0%), self-evaluations (73.7%), and program-level evaluations (71.4%). Four studies (7.6%) assessed racial bias, of which all reported disadvantages for trainees underrepresented in surgery. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation methods for surgery residents may be prone to bias, particularly with regard to female trainees. Research is warranted regarding other implicit and explicit biases, such as racial bias, as well as for nongeneral surgery subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madeleine R Gonte
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Paul A Bain
- Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Feldman H, Blackmon S, Lawton JS, Antonoff MB. Dear sirs, your bias is showing: Implicit bias in letters of recommendation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:398-400. [PMID: 35599208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hope Feldman
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Shanda Blackmon
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex.
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Addison P, Bitner D, Chung P, Kutana S, Dechario S, Husk G, Jarrett M, Teixeira J, Antonacci A, Filicori F. Blinded intraoperative skill evaluations avoid gender-based bias. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:8458-8462. [PMID: 35199203 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender bias has been identified consistently in written performance evaluations. Qualitative tools may provide a standardized way to evaluate surgical skill and minimize gender bias. We hypothesized that there is no difference in operative time or GEARS scores in robotic hysterectomy for men vs women surgeons. METHODS Patients undergoing robotic hysterectomies performed between June 2019 and March 2020 at 8 hospitals within the same hospital system were captured into a prospective database. GEARS scores were assigned by crowd-sourced evaluators by a third party blinded to any surgeon- or patient-identifying information. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean operative time and GEARS scores for each group, and significant variables were included in a one-way ANCOVA to control for confounders. Two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Seventeen women and 13 men performed a total of 188 hysterectomies; women performed 34 (18%) and men performed 153 (81%). Women surgeons had a higher mean operative time (133 ± 58 vs 86.3 ± 46 min, p = 0.024); after adjustment, there were no significant differences in operative time (p = 0.607). There was no significant difference between the genders in total GEARS score (20.0 ± 0.77 vs 20.2 ± 0.70, p = 0.415) or GEARS subcomponent scores: bimanual dexterity (3.98 ± 0.03 vs 4.00 ± 0.03, p = 0.705); depth perception (4.04 ± 0.04 vs 4.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.799); efficiency (3.79 ± 0.02 vs 3.82 ± 0.02, p = 0.437); force sensitivity (4.01 ± 0.04 vs 4.05 ± 0.05, p = 0.533); or robotic control (4.16 ± 0.03 vs 4.26 ± 0.01, p = 0.079). CONCLUSION There was no difference in GEARS score between men vs women surgeons performing robotic hysterectomies. Video-based blinded assessment of skills may minimize gender biases when evaluating surgical skill for competency evaluation and credentialing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Addison
- Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US.
- Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US.
| | - Daniel Bitner
- Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
| | - Paul Chung
- Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
- Department of General Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Heath, Queens, NY, US
| | - Saratu Kutana
- Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
| | | | | | - Mark Jarrett
- Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, US
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, US
| | - Julio Teixeira
- Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, US
| | - Anthony Antonacci
- Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
- Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, US
| | - Filippo Filicori
- Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
- Intraoperative Performance Analytics Laboratory (IPAL), Department of General Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, US
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Leape CP, Hawken JB, Geng X, Wright MA, Murthi AM. An investigation into gender bias in the evaluation of orthopedic trainee arthroscopic skills. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2402-2409. [PMID: 35788056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women surgeons receive lower compensation, hold fewer academic positions, and hold fewer leadership positions than men, particularly in orthopedic surgery. Gender bias at the trainee level has been demonstrated in various surgical subspecialties, but there is a lack of information on gender bias within the orthopedic training environment. This study investigated whether implicit gender bias is present in the subjective evaluation of orthopedic trainee arthroscopic skills. METHODS After institutional review board approval, a web-based survey was sent to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) members via the society's email listserve. Study participants were informed that the study was being done to develop a systematic evaluation method for trainees. The survey randomized participants to view and evaluate a prefellowship and a postfellowship video of "Rachel" (she/her) or "Charles" (he/him) performing a 15-point diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy. The videos for Rachel and Charles were identical except for the pronouns used in the video. Participants evaluated the trainee's skill level using questions from the Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET). Blinded and deidentified additional comments regarding the trainee's skill were classified as positive, negative, or neutral. Statistical analyses were used to compare scores and comments between Rachel and Charles. RESULTS Of 1115 active ASES members, 181 ASES members started the survey and 106 watched both videos and were included in the analysis. Of the 106 participants completing the survey, 96 (91%) were men and 10 (9%) were women with a median (interquartile range) age of 44 (38-51). A teaching role was reported by 84 of 106 participants (79%). There was no significant difference between prefellowship scores (P = .87) or between postfellowship scores (P = .84) for the woman and man fellow. The numbers of comments classified as positive, negative, or neutral were not significantly different between the man and woman fellow (P = .19). Participants in teaching roles gave significantly lower scores to both fellows at both time points (P = .04), and participants who had fellow trainees were more likely to give negative comments to both fellows (P = .02). DISCUSSION Trainee gender did not influence the ratings and comments participants gave for trainee arthroscopic skills, suggesting that gender bias may not play a major role in the evaluation of arthroscopic skill during orthopedic training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica B Hawken
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melissa A Wright
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anand M Murthi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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10
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Hejna E, Price T. Dr. Olga Jonasson: A Pioneer for Women in Surgery. Am Surg 2021:31348211054558. [PMID: 34747230 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211054558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of women in surgery has seen tremendous progress over the past century. Among the many physicians who paved the way for women in surgery is Dr. Olga Jonasson, a Chicago-based transplant surgeon who performed the first kidney transplantation in the state of Illinois in 1969. Her passion for service and drive for greater female representation in medicine was massively influential to the field. Aspiring female physicians are forever indebted to the efforts of Dr. Jonasson and the bold women who came before us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hejna
- Department of Surgery, 2468Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thea Price
- Department of Surgery, 2468Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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