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Masoud AG, Lin J, Zhu LF, Tao K, Ness NW, Kassiri Z, Moore RB, Vanhaesebroeck B, West L, Anderson CC, Oudit GY, Murray AG. Endothelial phosphoinositide 3-kinase-β inactivation confers protection from immune-mediated vascular injury. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:202-213. [PMID: 36804130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplant and recipient survival are limited by immune cell-mediated injury of the graft vasculature. We examined the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-β (PI3Kβ) isoform in endothelial cells (EC) during coronary vascular immune injury and repair in mice. In minor histocompatibility-antigen mismatched allogeneic heart grafts, a robust immune response was mounted to each wild-type, PI3Kβ inhibitor-treated, or endothelial-selective PI3Kβ knockout (ECβKO) graft transplanted to wild-type recipients. However, microvascular EC loss and progressive occlusive vasculopathy only developed in control, but not PI3Kβ-inactivated hearts. We observed a delay in inflammatory cell infiltration of the ECβKO grafts, particularly in the coronary arteries. Surprisingly, this was accompanied by an impaired display of proinflammatory chemokine and adhesion molecules by the ECβKO ECs. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated endothelial ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression was blocked by PI3Kβ inhibition or RNA interference. Selective PI3Kβ inhibition also blocked tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa Bα and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in EC. These data identify PI3Kβ as a therapeutic target to reduce vascular inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Masoud
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lin F Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kesheng Tao
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan W Ness
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lori West
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, England, UK; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Transplant Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Xi Y, Ma Y, Xie B, Di A, Xu S, Luo X, Wang C, Dai H, Yan G, Qi Z. Vitamin D3 combined with antibody agents suppresses alloreactive memory T-cell responses to induce heart allograft long-term survival. Transpl Immunol 2021; 66:101374. [PMID: 33592299 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-stored memory T cells in organ transplant patient carry a high risk of allograft rejection. The current study aimed to determine whether the allogenic response of adoptively transferred memory T cells in mice was suppressed by vitamin D3 monotherapy alone or in combination with monoclonal antibody treatment. METHODS Prior to vascularized heterotopic heart transplantation, naïve C57BL/6 mice were primed with memory T cells. Recipient mice were administered vitamin D3 alone or in combination with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD40L/ anti-LFA-1). Memory T cells and CD4+ forkhead box P3+ T cells in recipient spleens were measured using flow cytometry. Additionally, the expression of cytokines was measured by ELISA and quantitative PCR. Inflammatory factors in the grafts were identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Vitamin D3 in conjunction with anti-CD40L/ anti-LFA-1 antibodies were administered according to the median survival time from 6.5 to 80 days. The results revealed that grafts were protected through the prevention of inflammatory cell infiltration. Combined treatment decreased the mRNA levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 and increased the mRNA levels of IL-4, Foxp3 and TGF-β in the allograft. Rejection was suppressed by a reduction of CD4+CD44high CD62L+ and CD8+ CD44high CD62L+ memory T cells, the induction of regulatory T cells in the recipient spleen and a reduction of serum IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION Vitamin D3 efficiently protected allografts from memory T-cell allo-responses when combined with anti-CD40L/anti-LFA-1 antibodies therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; The tumor hospital of Chang Zhou, Chang Zhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhan Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baiyi Xie
- Department of Urology Surgery, Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anjie Di
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangyue Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuewei Luo
- Medicinal College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
| | - Guoliang Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Basic Medical Department of Medical College, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Medicinal College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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CXCR4 Antagonist Reduced the Incidence of Acute Rejection and Controlled Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in a Swine Heart Transplant Model Receiving a Mycophenolate-based Immunosuppressive Regimen. Transplantation 2019; 102:2002-2011. [PMID: 30095739 PMCID: PMC6257103 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade is pursued as an alternative to mesenchymal stem cell treatment in transplantation based on our previous report that burixafor, through CXCR4 antagonism, mobilizes immunomodulatory mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we explored the efficacy of combining mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based immunosuppressants with repetitive burixafor administration. METHODS Swine heterotopic cardiac allograft recipients received MMF and corticosteroids (control, n = 10) combined with burixafor as a 2-dose (burixafor2D, n = 7) or 2-dose plus booster injections (burixafor2D + B, n = 5) regimen. The efficacy endpoints were graft survival, freedom from first acute rejection, and the severity of intimal hyperplasia. Each specimen was sacrificed either at its first graft arrest or after 150 days. RESULTS After 150 days, all specimens in the control group had died, but 28.5% of the burixafor2D group survived, and 60% of the burixafor2D + B group survived (P = 0.0088). Although the control group demonstrated acute rejection at a median of 33.5 days, the burixafor2D + B group survived without acute rejection for a median of 136 days (P = 0.0209). Burixafor administration significantly attenuated the incidence rate of acute rejection (P = 0.002) and the severity of intimal hyperplasia (P = 0.0097) at end point relative to the controls. These findings were associated with reduced cell infiltrates in the allografts, and modulation of C-reactive protein profiles in the circulation. CONCLUSIONS The augmentation of conventional MMF plus corticosteroids with a CXCR4 antagonist is potentially effective in improving outcomes after heart transplantation in minipigs. Future studies are warranted into optimizing the therapeutic regimens for humans.
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Kwun J, Park J, Yi JS, Farris AB, Kirk AD, Knechtle SJ. IL-21 Biased Alemtuzumab Induced Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection Is Reversed by LFA-1 Costimulation Blockade. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2323. [PMID: 30374350 PMCID: PMC6196291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its excellent efficacy in controlling T cell mediated acute rejection, lymphocyte depletion may promote a humoral response. While T cell repopulation after depletion has been evaluated in many aspects, the B cell response has not been fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that the mechanisms also involve skewed T helper phenotype after lymphocytic depletion. Post-transplant immune response was measured from alemtuzumab treated hCD52Tg cardiac allograft recipients with or without anti-LFA-1 mAb. Alemtuzumab induction promoted serum DSA, allo-B cells, and CAV in humanized CD52 transgenic (hCD52Tg) mice after heterotopic heart transplantation. Additional anti-LFA-1 mAb treatment resulted in reduced DSA (Fold increase 4.75 ± 6.9 vs. 0.7 ± 0.5; p < 0.01), allo-specific B cells (0.07 ± 0.06 vs. 0.006 ± 0.002 %; p < 0.01), neo-intimal hyperplasia (56 ± 14% vs. 23 ± 13%; p < 0.05), arterial disease (77.8 ± 14.2 vs. 25.8 ± 20.1%; p < 0.05), and fibrosis (15 ± 23.3 vs. 4.3 ± 1.65%; p < 0.05) in this alemtuzumab-induced chronic antibody-mediated rejection (CAMR) model. Surprisingly, elevated serum IL-21 levels in alemtuzumab-treated mice was reduced with LFA-1 blockade. In accordance with the increased serum IL-21 level, alemtuzumab treated mice showed hyperplastic germinal center (GC) development, while the supplemental anti-LFA-1 mAb significantly reduced the GC frequency and size. We report that the incomplete T cell depletion inside of the GC leads to a systemic IL-21 dominant milieu with hyperplastic GC formation and CAMR. Conventional immunosuppression, such as tacrolimus and rapamycin, failed to reverse AMR, while co-stimulation blockade with LFA-1 corrected the GC hyperplastic response. The identification of IL-21 driven chronic AMR elucidates a novel mechanism that suggests a therapeutic approach with cytolytic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaeberm Park
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John S Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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5
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Walling BL, Kim M. LFA-1 in T Cell Migration and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 29774029 PMCID: PMC5943560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostatic immune surveillance and development of effective adaptive immune responses require precise regulation of spatial and temporal lymphocyte trafficking throughout the body to ensure pathogen clearance and memory generation. Dysregulation of lymphocyte activation and migration can lead to impaired adaptive immunity, recurrent infections, and an array of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Central to the recruitment of T cells, integrins are cell surface receptors that regulate adhesion, signal transduction, and migration. With 24 integrin pairs having been discovered to date, integrins are defined not only by the composition of the heterodimeric pair but by cell-type specific expression and their ligands. Furthermore, integrins not only facilitate adhesion but also induce intracellular signaling and have recently been uncovered as mechanosensors providing additional complexity to the signaling pathways. Among several leukocyte-specific integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1 or αLβ2; CD11a/CD18) is a key T cell integrin, which plays a major role in regulating T cell activation and migration. Adhesion to LFA-1's ligand, intracellular adhesion receptor 1 (ICAM-1) facilitates firm endothelium adhesion, prolonged contact with antigen-presenting cells, and binding to target cells for killing. While the downstream signaling pathways utilized by LFA-1 are vastly conserved they allow for highly disparate responses. Here, we summarize the roles of LFA-1 and ongoing studies to better understand its functions and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Walling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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6
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Pandolfi F, Franza L, Altamura S, Mandolini C, Cianci R, Ansari A, Kurnick JT. Integrins: Integrating the Biology and Therapy of Cell-cell Interactions. Clin Ther 2017; 39:2420-2436. [PMID: 29203050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the role of integrins has been described in a variety of diseases, these roles seem to be distinct. To date, no study has attempted to provide links to the various pathways by which such integrins can be involved in these diverse disease settings. The purpose of this review was to address this gap in our knowledge with the hypothesis that there is, in fact, a common pathway by which integrins may function. METHODS This article provides an in-depth perspective on the discovery, development, and design of therapeutics that modulate cellular function by targeting integrin:ligand interactions by reviewing the literature on this subject; the review included the most recent results of clinical and subclinical studies. A MEDLINE search was conducted for articles pertaining to the various issues related to integrins, and the most relevant articles are discussed (ie, not only those published in journals with a higher impact factor). FINDINGS It seems that the ligation of the integrins with their cognate ligands plays a major role in translating membrane dialogue into biological function. In addition, they also seem to play a major regulatory role that can enhance or inhibit biological function depending on the context within which such receptor:ligand interactions occur and the organ and tissues at which interactions occurs and is manipulated. Those studies that used statistical analyses have been included where appropriate. IMPLICATIONS Our findings show that anti-integrin treatment has the potential to become a valid coadjuvant in the treatment of several diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases, HIv infection and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Pandolfi
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Franza
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Altamura
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Cianci
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aftab Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James T Kurnick
- CytoCure LLC, Beverly, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Santos Virgílio FD, Moraschi BF, Monteiro CB, Vieira Machado AM, Gazzinelli RT, Bruna-Romero O, Menin Ruiz PL, Ribeiro DA, Lannes-Vieira J, Lopes MDF, Rodrigues MM, de Vasconcelos JRC. LFA-1 Mediates Cytotoxicity and Tissue Migration of Specific CD8 + T Cells after Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1291. [PMID: 29081775 PMCID: PMC5645645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate the lymphocyte migration into an infected tissue, and these cells are essential for controlling the multiplication of many intracellular parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Here, we explore LFA-1 and VLA-4 roles in the migration of specific CD8+ T cells generated by heterologous prime-boost immunization during experimental infection with T. cruzi. To this end, vaccinated mice were treated with monoclonal anti-LFA-1 and/or anti-VLA-4 to block these molecules. After anti-LFA-1, but not anti-VLA-4 treatment, all vaccinated mice displayed increased blood and tissue parasitemia, and quickly succumbed to infection. In addition, there was an accumulation of specific CD8+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes and a decrease in the number of those cells, especially in the heart, suggesting that LFA-1 is important for the output of specific CD8+ T cells from secondary lymphoid organs into infected organs such as the heart. The treatment did not alter CD8+ T cell effector functions such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and granzyme B, and maintained the proliferative capacity after treatment. However, the specific CD8+ T cell direct cytotoxicity was impaired after LFA-1 blockade. Also, these cells expressed higher levels of Fas/CD95 on the surface, suggesting that they are susceptible to programmed cell death by the extrinsic pathway. We conclude that LFA-1 plays an important role in the migration of specific CD8+ T cells and in the direct cytotoxicity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Moro Cariste
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos Virgílio
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Oscar Bruna-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Biology Interactions Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Freitas Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Martins Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie Carvalho de Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Miyamoto E, Motoyama H, Sato M, Aoyama A, Menju T, Shikuma K, Sowa T, Yoshizawa A, Saito M, Takahagi A, Tanaka S, Takahashi M, Ohata K, Kondo T, Hijiya K, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H. Association of Local Intrapulmonary Production of Antibodies Specific to Donor Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I With the Progression of Chronic Rejection of Lung Allografts. Transplantation 2017; 101:e156-e165. [PMID: 28207638 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection may lead to chronic lung allograft dysfunction, but antibody-mediated rejection may develop in the absence of detectable donor-specific antibody (DSA) in recipient serum. This study investigated whether humoral immune responses develop not only systemically but locally within rejected lung allografts, resulting in local production of DSA. METHODS Lewis rats received orthotopic left lung transplantation from Lewis (syngeneic control) or Brown-Norway (major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allogeneic) donor rats. Rats that underwent allogeneic lung transplantation were subsequently administered cyclosporine until day 14 (short immunosuppression) or day 35 (long immunosuppression). The lung grafts and spleens of recipient animals were tissue cultured for 4 days, and the titer of antibody against donor major histocompatibility complex molecules was assayed by flow cytometry. Explanted lung grafts were also evaluated pathologically. RESULTS By day 98, DSA titers in supernatants of lung graft (P = 0.0074) and spleen (P = 0.0167) cultures, but not serum, from the short immunosuppression group were significantly higher than titers in syngeneic controls. Cultures and sera from the long immunosuppression group showed no production of DSA. Microscopically, the lung grafts from the short immunosuppression group showed severe bronchiole obliteration and parenchymal fibrosis, along with lymphoid aggregates containing T and B cells, accompanying plasma cells. These findings suggestive of local humoral immune response were not observed by days 28 and 63. CONCLUSIONS DSA can be locally produced in chronically rejected lung allografts, along with intragraft immunocompetent cells. Clinical testing of DSA in serum samples alone may underestimate lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 3 Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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10
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Kean LS, Turka LA, Blazar BR. Advances in targeting co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory pathways in transplantation settings: the Yin to the Yang of cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:192-212. [PMID: 28258702 PMCID: PMC5338458 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the power of harnessing T-cell co-signaling pathways has become increasingly understood to have significant clinical importance. In cancer immunotherapy, the field has concentrated on two related modalities: First, targeting cancer antigens through highly activated chimeric antigen T cells (CAR-Ts) and second, re-animating endogenous quiescent T cells through checkpoint blockade. In each of these strategies, the therapeutic goal is to re-ignite T-cell immunity, in order to eradicate tumors. In transplantation, there is also great interest in targeting T-cell co-signaling, but with the opposite goal: in this field, we seek the Yin to cancer immunotherapy's Yang, and focus on manipulating T-cell co-signaling to induce tolerance rather than activation. In this review, we discuss the major T-cell signaling pathways that are being investigated for tolerance induction, detailing preclinical studies and the path to the clinic for many of these molecules. These include blockade of co-stimulation pathways and agonism of coinhibitory pathways, in order to achieve the delicate state of balance that is transplant tolerance: a state which guarantees lifelong transplant acceptance without ongoing immunosuppression, and with preservation of protective immune responses. In the context of the clinical translation of immune tolerance strategies, we discuss the significant challenge that is embodied by the fact that targeted pathway modulators may have opposing effects on tolerance based on their impact on effector vs regulatory T-cell biology. Achieving this delicate balance holds the key to the major challenge of transplantation: lifelong control of alloreactivity while maintaining an otherwise intact immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Kean
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Immune Tolerance Network, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts. Nature 2016; 538:388-391. [PMID: 27723741 DOI: 10.1038/nature19815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute a potential source of autologous patient-specific cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair, providing a major benefit over other sources of cells in terms of immune rejection. However, autologous transplantation has substantial challenges related to manufacturing and regulation. Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic transplantation is a promising alternative strategy, few immunological studies have been carried out with iPSCs. Here we describe an allogeneic transplantation model established using the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), the MHC structure of which is identical to that of humans. Fibroblast-derived iPSCs were generated from a MHC haplotype (HT4) homozygous animal and subsequently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Five HT4 heterozygous monkeys were subjected to myocardial infarction followed by direct intra-myocardial injection of iPSC-CMs. The grafted cardiomyocytes survived for 12 weeks with no evidence of immune rejection in monkeys treated with clinically relevant doses of methylprednisolone and tacrolimus, and showed electrical coupling with host cardiomyocytes as assessed by use of the fluorescent calcium indicator G-CaMP7.09. Additionally, transplantation of the iPSC-CMs improved cardiac contractile function at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation; however, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia was transiently, but significantly, increased when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Collectively, our data demonstrate that allogeneic iPSC-CM transplantation is sufficient to regenerate the infarcted non-human primate heart; however, further research to control post-transplant arrhythmias is necessary.
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12
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Lin K, Chen S, Chen G. Role of Memory T Cells and Perspectives for Intervention in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:473. [PMID: 26441978 PMCID: PMC4568416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are necessary for protective immunity against invading pathogens, especially under conditions of immunosuppression. However, their presence also threatens transplant survival, making transplantation a great challenge. Significant progress has been achieved in recent years in advancing our understanding of the role that memory T cells play in transplantation. This review focuses on the latest advances in our understanding of the involvement of memory T cells in graft rejection and transplant tolerance and discusses potential strategies for targeting memory T cells in order to minimize allograft rejection and optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Lin
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China ; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China ; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health , Wuhan , China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China ; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China ; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health , Wuhan , China
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