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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Venter P, Ramharack P, Muller CJF. Pancreatic beta cell regenerative potential of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Aqueous stem bark extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117374. [PMID: 37944876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. is endemic to Africa and has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus. Moreover, its pharmacological efficacy has been confirmed experimentally using in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. However, the effects of Z. chalybeum extracts and its major constituent compounds on beta cell and islet regeneration are not clear. Further, the mechanisms associated with observed antidiabetic effects at the beta cell level are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We determined the beta cell regenerative efficacy of Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extract, identified the chemical compounds in Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extracts and explored their putative mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the Z. chalybeum extract was achieved using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thereafter, molecular interactions of the compounds with beta cell regeneration targets were evaluated via molecular docking. In vitro, effects of the extract on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were investigated in RIN-5F beta cells exposed to palmitate or streptozotocin. In vivo, pancreas tissue sections from streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats treated with Z. chalybeum extract were stained for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and Ki-67. RESULTS Based on ligand target and molecular docking interactions diosmin was identified as a dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) inhibitor. In vitro, Z. chalybeum augmented cell viability and cell proliferation while in palmitate-pre-treated cells, the extract significantly increased cell activity after 72 h. In vivo, although morphometric analysis showed decreased islet and beta cell size and density, observation of increased Pdx-1 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in extract-treated islets suggests that Z. chalybeum extract has mild beta cell regenerative potential mediated by increased cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitogenic effects observed in vitro, were not robust enough to elicit sufficient recovery of functional beta cell mass in our in vivo model, in the context of a sustained diabetic milieu. However, the identification of diosmin as a potential Dyrk1A inhibitor merits further inquiry into the attendant molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, PO Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Pieter Venter
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Christo John Frederick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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Pfeiffer SEM, Quesada-Masachs E, McArdle S, Zilberman S, Yesildag B, Mikulski Z, von Herrath M. Effect of IL4 and IL10 on a human in vitro type 1 diabetes model. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109076. [PMID: 35817292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We defined the effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10 on an in vitro model of human T1D. After preincubation with IL4 or IL10, human islet microtissues were co-cultured with PBMC and proinflammatory cytokines for a few hours or for multiple days to assess acute and chronic effects. This resulted in an immune attack with infiltration of T cells into the islet, a loss of beta cell endocrine function, and an upregulation of HLA-I on the beta cells. HLA-I upregulation was associated with infiltration of T cells and both HLA-I expression and infiltration were associated with impaired insulin secretion. Preincubation with IL4 or IL10 did not preserve beta cell function but decreased infiltration of T cells. Our data support the hypothesis that a loss of beta cell endocrine function mediates an increase in beta cell specific antigen presentation. IL4 and IL10 failed to preserve beta cell endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Patel PM, Connolly MR, Coe TM, Calhoun A, Pollok F, Markmann JF, Burdorf L, Azimzadeh A, Madsen JC, Pierson RN. Minimizing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681504. [PMID: 34566955 PMCID: PMC8458821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent dramatic advances in preventing "initial xenograft dysfunction" in pig-to-non-human primate heart transplantation achieved by minimizing ischemia suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) plays an important role in cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we review the molecular, cellular, and immune mechanisms that characterize IRI and associated "primary graft dysfunction" in allotransplantation and consider how they correspond with "xeno-associated" injury mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we describe potential genetic modifications as well as novel technical strategies that may minimize IRI for heart and other organ xenografts and which could facilitate safe and effective clinical xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth M. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret R. Connolly
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Taylor M. Coe
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Calhoun
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Franziska Pollok
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James F. Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lars Burdorf
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Agnes Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard N. Pierson
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Torrezan-Nitao E, Figueiredo RCBQ, Marques-Santos LF. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore in sea urchin female gametes. Mech Dev 2018; 154:208-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chisci E, De Giorgi M, Zanfrini E, Testasecca A, Brambilla E, Cinti A, Farina L, Kutryb-Zajac B, Bugarin C, Villa C, Grassilli E, Combi R, Gaipa G, Cerrito MG, Rivolta I, Smolenski RT, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R. Simultaneous overexpression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 protects porcine endothelial cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:320-333. [PMID: 28389406 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and oxidative stress still limit the survival of cells and organs in xenotransplantation models. Ectonucleotidases play an important role in inflammation and IRI in transplantation settings. We tested the potential protective effects derived by the co-expression of the two main vascular ectonucleotidases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5NT) and ecto nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), in an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. We produced a dicistronic plasmid (named pCX-DI-2A) for the co-expression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 by using the F2A technology. pCX-DI-2A-transfected porcine endothelial cells simultaneously overexpressed hE5NT and hENTPD1, which were correctly processed and localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 as shown by the efficient catabolism of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic extracellular adenine nucleotides along with the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine. Interestingly, we found that the hE5NT/hENTPD1 co-expression system conferred protection to cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed reduced activation of caspase 3/7 and cytotoxicity than mock-, hE5NT- and hENTPD1-transfected cells. Furthermore, pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed decreased H2O2-induced production of ROS as compared to the other control cell lines. The cytoprotective phenotype observed in pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells was associated with higher detoxifying activity of catalase as well as increased activation of the survival signaling molecules Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our data add new insights to the protective effects of the combination of hE5NT and hENTPD1 against oxidative stress and constitute a proof of concept for testing this new genetic combination in pig-to-non-human primates xenotransplantation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Zanfrini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Testasecca
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cinti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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Ball JA, Vlisidou I, Blunt MD, Wood W, Ward SG. Hydrogen Peroxide Triggers a Dual Signaling Axis To Selectively Suppress Activated Human T Lymphocyte Migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3679-3689. [PMID: 28363904 PMCID: PMC5392728 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 is an early danger cue required for innate immune cell recruitment to wounds. To date, little is known about whether H2O2 is required for the migration of human adaptive immune cells to sites of inflammation. However, oxidative stress is known to impair T cell activity, induce actin stiffness, and inhibit cell polarization. In this study, we show that low oxidative concentrations of H2O2 also impede chemokinesis and chemotaxis of previously activated human T cells to CXCL11, but not CXCL10 or CXCL12. We show that this deficiency in migration is due to a reduction in inflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR3 surface expression and cellular activation of lipid phosphatase SHIP-1. We demonstrate that H2O2 acts through an Src kinase to activate a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, SHIP-1 via phosphorylation, providing a molecular mechanism for H2O2-induced chemotaxis deficiency. We hypothesize that although H2O2 serves as an early recruitment trigger for innate immune cells, it appears to operate as an inhibitor of T lymphocyte immune adaptive responses that are not required until later in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ball
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Isabella Vlisidou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Will Wood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G Ward
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; and
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7
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Oberhuber R, Ritschl P, Fabritius C, Nguyen AV, Hermann M, Obrist P, Werner ER, Maglione M, Flörchinger B, Ebner S, Resch T, Pratschke J, Kotsch K. Treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin overcomes brain death-associated injury in a murine model of pancreas transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2865-76. [PMID: 26104062 PMCID: PMC4744967 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain death (BD) has been associated with an immunological priming of donor organs and is thought to exacerbate ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Recently, we showed that the essential nitric oxide synthase co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) abrogates IRI following experimental pancreas transplantation. We therefore studied the effects of BD in a murine model of syngeneic pancreas transplantation and tested the therapeutic potential of BH4 treatment. Compared with sham-operated controls, donor BD resulted in intragraft inflammation reflected by induced IL-1ß, IL-6, VCAM-1, and P-selectin mRNA expression levels and impaired microcirculation after reperfusion (p < 0.05), whereas pretreatment of the BD donor with BH4 significantly improved microcirculation after reperfusion (p < 0.05). Moreover, BD had a devastating impact on cell viability, whereas BH4-treated grafts showed a significantly higher percentage of viable cells (p < 0.001). Early parenchymal damage in pancreatic grafts was significantly more pronounced in organs from BD donors than from sham or non-BD donors (p < 0.05), but BH4 pretreatment significantly ameliorated necrotic lesions in BD organs (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of the BD donor with BH4 resulted in significant recipient survival (p < 0.05). Our data provide novel insights into the impact of BD on pancreatic isografts, further demonstrating the potential of donor pretreatment strategies including BH4 for preventing BD-associated injury after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oberhuber
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Ritschl
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Fabritius
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A-V Nguyen
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Obrist
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Zams, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E R Werner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Maglione
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Flörchinger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Ebner
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Resch
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Pratschke
- Department of Visceral, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Kotsch
- Center for Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Chokeberry Anthocyanin Extract as Pancreatic β-Cell Protectors in Two Models of Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:429075. [PMID: 26113953 PMCID: PMC4465716 DOI: 10.1155/2015/429075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a chokeberry anthocyanin extract (CAE) on pancreatic β-cells (βTC3) exposed to hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) and high glucose- (HG-) induced oxidative stress conditions. In order to quantify individual anthocyanins high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) was used. The identification of the fragment ion pattern of anthocyanins was carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The results showed that physiologically achievable concentrations of CAE (1, 5, and 10 μM) protect βTC3 against H2O2- and HG-induced cytotoxicity. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in pancreatic β-cells pretreated with CAE compared to cells exposed to the prooxidant agents. GSH levels initially reduced after exposure to H2O2 and HG were restored by pretreatment with CAE. Insulin secretion in βTC3 cells was enhanced by CAE pretreatment. CAE restored the insulin pool and diminished the intracellular reactive oxygen species level in glucose-induced stress condition in βTC3 cells. These results demonstrate that anthocyanins from CAE were biologically active, showing a secretagogue potential and an antioxidative protection of enzymatic systems, conferring protection against H2O2 and glucose toxicity in βTC3 cells.
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Ro H, Lee EW, Hong JH, Han KH, Yeom HJ, Kim HJ, Kim MG, Jung HS, Oh KH, Park KS, Ahn C, Yang J. Roles of Islet Toll-Like Receptors in Pig to Mouse Islet Xenotransplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1709-22. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although innate immunity plays important roles in xenograft rejection, there have been few studies on the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in xenotransplantation. Furthermore, most studies focused on the recipient's TLRs. Therefore, we investigated whether TLRs in porcine islets can contribute to islet xenograft rejection. Adult porcine islets were isolated and stimulated by polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both poly I:C and LPS stimulation in porcine islets induced expression of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, IP-10, and IL-8), cytokines (IL-6 and type I interferons), and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1). Porcine islet supernatants stimulated by TLR agonists induced chemotaxis of human leukocytes. They also induced procoagulant activation (tissue factor and fgl-2). However, TLR stimulation did not influence insulin secretion. When porcine MyD88 was knocked down using shRNA lentivirus, TLR-mediated induction of proinflammatory mediators and procoagulants was attenuated. When LPS was injected to MyD88 or TLR4 knockout mice after porcine islet transplantation, LPS stimulation on donor islets interfered with islet xenograft tolerance induction by anti-CD154 antibodies. Inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in islet xenografts also increased. In conclusion, TLR activation in porcine islets induced both a proinflammatory and procoagulant response and thereby contributed to xenograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ro
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Won Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Hong
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Han
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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McCarthy DA, Ranganathan A, Subbaram S, Flaherty NL, Patel N, Trebak M, Hempel N, Melendez JA. Redox-control of the alarmin, Interleukin-1α. Redox Biol 2013; 1:218-25. [PMID: 24024155 PMCID: PMC3757693 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) has recently emerged as a susceptibility marker for a wide array of inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress including Alzheimer's, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. In the present study, we establish that expression and nuclear localization of IL-1α are redox-dependent. Shifts in steady-state H2O2 concentrations (SS-[H2O2]) resulting from enforced expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) drive IL-1α mRNA and protein expression. The redox-dependent expression of IL-1α is accompanied by its increased nuclear localization. Both IL-1α expression and its nuclear residency are abrogated by catalase co-expression. Sub-lethal doses of H2O2 also cause IL-1α nuclear localization. Mutagenesis revealed IL-1α nuclear localization does not involve oxidation of cysteines within its N terminal domain. Inhibition of the processing enzyme calpain prevents IL-1α nuclear localization even in the presence of H2O2. H2O2 treatment caused extracellular Ca2+ influx suggesting oxidants may influence calpain activity indirectly through extracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Functionally, as a result of its nuclear activity, IL-1α overexpression promotes NF-kB activity, but also interacts with the histone acetyl transferase (HAT) p300. Together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which oxidants impact inflammation through IL-1α and suggest that antioxidant-based therapies may prove useful in limiting inflammatory disease progression. Sod2-dependent increases in steady-state H2O2 promote IL-1α expression. H2O2 causes nuclear localization of IL-1α and extracellular Ca2+ influx. Inhibition of the Ca2+ regulated calpain prevents H2O2 dependent IL-1α nuclear localization. Nuclear IL-1α interacts with p300 and promotes NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A McCarthy
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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Yeom HJ, Koo OJ, Yang J, Cho B, Hwang JI, Park SJ, Hurh S, Kim H, Lee EM, Ro H, Kang JT, Kim SJ, Won JK, O'Connell PJ, Kim H, Surh CD, Lee BC, Ahn C. Generation and characterization of human heme oxygenase-1 transgenic pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46646. [PMID: 23071605 PMCID: PMC3465346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using transgenic pigs as an organ source is a promising strategy to overcome shortage of human organ for transplantation. Various genetic modifications have been tried to ameliorate xenograft rejection. In the present study we assessed effect of transgenic expression of human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1), an inducible protein capable of cytoprotection by scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing apoptosis caused by cellular stress during inflammatory processes, in neonatal porcine islet-like cluster cells (NPCCs). Transduction of NPCCs with adenovirus containing hHO-1 gene significantly reduced apoptosis compared with the GFP-expressing adenovirus control after treatment with either hydrogen peroxide or hTNF-α and cycloheximide. These protective effects were diminished by co-treatment of hHO-1 antagonist, Zinc protoporphyrin IX. We also generated transgenic pigs expressing hHO-1 and analyzed expression and function of the transgene. Human HO-1 was expressed in most tissues, including the heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen and skin, however, expression levels and patterns of the hHO-1 gene are not consistent in each organ. We isolate fibroblast from transgenic pigs to analyze protective effect of the hHO-1. As expected, fibroblasts derived from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs were significantly resistant to both hydrogen peroxide damage and hTNF-α and cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis when compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, induction of RANTES in response to hTNF-α or LPS was significantly decreased in fibroblasts obtained from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs. These findings suggest that transgenic expression of hHO-1 can protect xenografts when exposed to oxidative stresses, especially from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and/or acute rejection mediated by cytokines. Accordingly, hHO-1 could be an important candidate molecule in a multi-transgenic pig strategy for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Molecular Pathology Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philip J. O'Connell
- The Center for Transplant Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optifarm Solution Inc., Seonggeo-eup, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
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