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Alhajji L, Martinez-Sosa N, Hadjikyriakou M, Potter JE, Padilla V. Letter to the editor: Organ trafficking: A primer for psychiatrists. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 78:128-129. [PMID: 35534284 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Alhajji
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Natalie Martinez-Sosa
- PGY-5 Forensic Psychiatry Fellow, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Maria Hadjikyriakou
- PGY-5 Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Fellow, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - JoNell Efantis Potter
- Director of the Division of Research and Special Projects, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Padilla
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, United States of America
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Martin DE, Harris DCH, Jha V, Segantini L, Demme RA, Le TH, McCann L, Sands JM, Vong G, Wolpe PR, Fontana M, London GM, Vanderhaegen B, Vanholder R. Ethical challenges in nephrology: a call for action. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:603-613. [PMID: 32587403 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The American Society of Nephrology, the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association and the International Society of Nephrology Joint Working Group on Ethical Issues in Nephrology have identified ten broad areas of ethical concern as priority challenges that require collaborative action. Here, we describe these challenges - equity in access to kidney failure care, avoiding futile dialysis, reducing dialysis costs, shared decision-making in kidney failure care, living donor risk evaluation and decision-making, priority setting in kidney disease prevention and care, the ethical implications of genetic kidney diseases, responsible advocacy for kidney health and management of conflicts of interest - with the aim of highlighting the need for ethical analysis of specific issues, as well as for the development of tools and training to support clinicians who treat patients with kidney disease in practising ethically and contributing to ethical policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique E Martin
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - David C H Harris
- University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, New Delhi, India
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Luca Segantini
- International Society of Nephrology, Brussels, Belgium
- European Society for Organ Transplantation - ESOT c/o ESOT, Padova, Italy
| | - Richard A Demme
- Renal Division and Department of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thu H Le
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura McCann
- American Society of Nephrology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gerard Vong
- Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Monica Fontana
- European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association, Parma, Italy
| | - Gerard M London
- Manhes Hospital, Nephrology Department GEPIR, Fleury-Mérogis, France
| | | | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B9000, Gent, Belgium
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Martin DE, Van Assche K, Domínguez-Gil B, López-Fraga M, García Gallont R, Muller E, Capron AM. Strengthening Global Efforts to Combat Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: Implications of the 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e433. [PMID: 30882038 PMCID: PMC6411225 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism (DoI) provides an updated set of principles and definitions to guide policymakers and health professionals working in organ donation and transplantation. A draft of the new edition was circulated to the public and transplant professionals through an online consultation process, which also sought feedback on a draft explanatory article that explained the principles and discussed some of their practical implications. Both drafts were revised in response to feedback from participants in the consultation. We present here the discussion article, which is intended to assist stakeholders in applying the principles of the DoI by providing more detailed information about the meaning and potential implications of implementing the DoI in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristof Van Assche
- Research Group Personal Rights and Property Rights, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Marta López-Fraga
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Elmi Muller
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexander M. Capron
- Gould School of Law and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Caulfield T, Zarzeczny A. Curbing transplant tourism: Canadian physicians and the law. CMAJ 2016; 188:935-936. [PMID: 27270121 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law (Caulfield), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy (Zarzeczny), University of Regina, Regina, Sask.
| | - Amy Zarzeczny
- Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law (Caulfield), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy (Zarzeczny), University of Regina, Regina, Sask
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van Balen LJ, Ambagtsheer F, Ivanovski N, Weimar W. Interviews With Patients Who Traveled From Macedonia/Kosovo, The Netherlands, and Sweden for Paid Kidney Transplantations. Prog Transplant 2016; 26:328-334. [DOI: 10.1177/1526924816667951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients travel worldwide for paid kidney transplants. Although transplantations abroad are not always illegal, they are commonly perceived to be illegal and unethical involving risks. Aim: We aimed to describe the motivations and experiences of patients who traveled abroad for paid kidney transplantations and to examine how these transplantations were facilitated. Methods: We interviewed 22 patients who traveled from Macedonia/Kosovo, the Netherlands, and Sweden for paid kidney transplantations between years 2000 and 2009. Results: Patients traveled because of inadequate transplant activity in their domestic countries and dialysis-related complaints. However, 6 patients underwent preemptive transplantations. Cultural factors such as patients’ affinity with destination countries, feelings of being discriminated against by the health-care system, and family ties also help explain why patients travel abroad. Seven of the 22 patients went to their country of origin. They were able to organize their transplantations by arranging help from family and friends abroad who provided contacts of caregivers there and who helped cover the costs of their transplants. The costs varied from €5000 to €45 000 (US$6800-US$61 200). Seven patients paid the hospital, 5 paid their doctor, 4 paid a broker, and 6 paid their donors. Conclusion: Research should include interviews with brokers, transplant professionals, and other facilitators to achieve a full picture of illegally performed transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. van Balen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike Ambagtsheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Ivanovski
- University of St Cyril and Methodius, Medical Faculty Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - W. Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Indicators to Identify Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal. Transplant Direct 2016; 2:e56. [PMID: 27500249 PMCID: PMC4946497 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents indicators to support transplant professionals, judicial and law enforcement authorities and victim support workers with the identification of trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal. It outlines the legal and illegal service providers that facilitate trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal and guides the reader through the following criminal process: recruitment, transport, entrance, documents, housing, transplant, aftercare, and finance. Identification of illegal transplant activities by transplant professionals can support police and judiciary with the investigation, disruption, and prosecuting of trafficking networks.
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The Hague Recommendations: Improving Nonlegislative Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal. Transplant Direct 2016; 2:e61. [PMID: 27500254 PMCID: PMC4946490 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the trade in human organs has become an object of international concern. Since the 1980s, antiorgan trade initiatives have mainly involved the strengthening of legislative responses. Little attention however is given to nonlegislative responses by law enforcement authorities. The HOTT project is a European Union-funded research project titled "trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal." Its objectives are to increase knowledge, raise awareness, and improve the nonlegislative response to the crime. Its consortium organized a "Writers' Conference" in The Hague, The Netherlands at Europol's Headquarters where a group of 40 experts, consisting of transplant professionals, law enforcement officials, and policy makers, formulated recommendations to improve nonlegislative responses. These recommendations, presented hereafter, address the ethical and legal obligations of health care providers, the protection of persons trafficked for the purpose of organ removal, strengthening cross-border collaboration in criminal cases, and stimulating partnerships between transplant professionals and law enforcement. These recommendations offer ways in which transplant professionals can contribute to improving the nonlegislative response to trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal.
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Ahn HJ, Kim HW, Chang WK, Kim KW, Jeon HJ, Ahn C, Kwon OJ. Current Status and Corresponding Strategy of Transplant Tourism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2016.30.3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi Won Kim
- Department of Social Studies, College of Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyung Chang
- Scranton Honors Program, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Won Kim
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Jung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Han Yang University, Seoul, Korea
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