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Bertrand D, Laurent C, Lemoine M, Lebourg L, Hanoy M, Le Roy F, Nezam D, Pruteanu D, Grange S, De Nattes T, Lemée V, Guerrot D, Candon S. Evaluation of T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Monoclonal Antibody Prophylaxis and the Utility of a Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Booster Dose. Microorganisms 2024; 12:722. [PMID: 38674666 PMCID: PMC11052329 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been administered to kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with a poor or non-responder status to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 has been poorly studied in this context. We assessed the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 in 97 patients on the day of the injection of tixagevimab/cilgavimab using an IFNγ enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). Among the 97 patients, 34 (35%) developed COVID-19 before the injection. Twenty-nine (85.3%) had an ELISPOT compatible with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no difference between KTRs under belatacept or tacrolimus treatment. Sixty-three patients (64.9%) had no known COVID-19 prior to the ELISPOT, but nine (14.3%) had a positive ELISPOT. In 21 KTRs with a positive ELISPOT who received a booster dose of a bivalent mRNA vaccine, median antibody titers and spike-reactive T cells increased significantly in patients under tacrolimus but not belatacept. Our study emphasizes the potential usefulness of the exploration of immune cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 by ELISPOT. In KTRs with a positive ELISPOT and under CNI therapy, a booster dose of mRNA vaccine seems effective in inducing an immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bertrand
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Charlotte Laurent
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Mathilde Lemoine
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Ludivine Lebourg
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Mélanie Hanoy
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Frank Le Roy
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Dorian Nezam
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Diana Pruteanu
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Steven Grange
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Tristan De Nattes
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
- INSERM U1234, University of Rouen Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Véronique Lemée
- Department of Virology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Hemodialysis, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.L.); (M.L.); (L.L.); (M.H.); (F.L.R.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (S.G.); (T.D.N.); (D.G.)
- INSERM U1096, University of Rouen Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Candon
- INSERM U1234, University of Rouen Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapies, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
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Bensaid K, Lamara Mahammed L, Habchi K, Saidani M, Allam I, Djidjik R. Evaluation of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Post COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3900. [PMID: 37373595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a major risk factor for severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The dynamics and the persistence of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in this immunocompromised population remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the persistence of humoral and cellular immune response in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to establish whether immunosuppressive therapy influenced long-term immunity in this population. We report here the analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses in 36 KTRs compared to a control group who recovered from mild COVID-19. After a mean time of 5.22 ± 0.96 months post symptom onset for kidney transplant recipients, 97.22% of patients and 100% of the control group displayed anti-S1 immunoglobulin G SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (p > 0.05). No significant difference was reported in the median of neutralizing antibodies between the groups (97.50 [55.25-99] in KTRs vs. 84 [60-98] in control group, p = 0.35). A significant difference in SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell reactivity was found in the KTRs compared to the healthy controls. The levels of IFNγ release after stimulation by Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3 were higher in the control group compared to the kidney transplant group (p = 0.007, p = 0.025 and p = 0.008, respectively). No statistically significant correlation between humoral and cellular immunity was found in the KTRs. Our findings indicated that humoral immunity persisted similarly for up to 4 to 6 months post symptom onset in both the KTRs and the control group; however, T cell response was significantly higher in the healthy population compared to the immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Bensaid
- Immunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Lydia Lamara Mahammed
- Immunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Khadidja Habchi
- Nephrology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Messaoud Saidani
- Nephrology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Ines Allam
- Immunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Reda Djidjik
- Immunology Department, Beni-Messous Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers 16000, Algeria
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Reeg DB, Hofmann M, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R, Luxenburger H. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020244. [PMID: 36839516 PMCID: PMC9966413 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses play an important role in the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While evaluations of the virus-specific defense often focus on the humoral response, cellular immunity is crucial for the successful control of infection, with the early development of cytotoxic T cells being linked to efficient viral clearance. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and permits protection from severe COVID-19, including infection with the currently circulating variants of concern. Nevertheless, in immunocompromised individuals, first data imply significantly impaired SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses after both natural infection and vaccination. Hence, these high-risk groups require particular consideration, not only in routine clinical practice, but also in the development of future vaccination strategies. In order to assist physicians in the guidance of immunocompromised patients, concerning the management of infection or the benefit of (booster) vaccinations, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses in the vulnerable cohorts of cancer patients, people living with HIV (PLWH), and solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). Recent findings regarding the virus-specific cellular immunity in these differently immunocompromised populations might influence clinical decision-making in the future.
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Kasai R, Funato M, Maruta K, Yasuda K, Minatsu H, Ito J, Takahashi K. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA intramuscular vaccination in patients with muscular disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103196. [PMID: 36825020 PMCID: PMC9941142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Little clinical data is available on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with muscular disorders (MDs). The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against MDs, in particular, remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to confirm the immunogenicity and safety of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against MDs. Methods All participants were vaccinated with two doses of mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech). The serum samples were collected from each patient on the day of second dose of vaccination, and then, consecutively, after one month, three months, and six months. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were determined using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Results We evaluated 75 individuals, including 42 patients with MDs and 33 patients with non-muscular disorders (non-MDs). Non-MD patients primarily include those with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. The median age of the patients was 32 years (range 12-64 years). After one and three months following the second immunization, patients with MDs had lower antibody responses. Furthermore, three months following the second immunization, the proportion of high responders among patients with MDs decreased significantly compared to that among patients without MDs (p-value of less than 0.01). No serious adverse events were observed in patients with or without MDs. Conclusion Intensity and latency of antibody response were suppressed in patients with MDs. Although MDs may be a key contributor in predicting the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 immunization in MDs needs extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryousuke Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michinori Funato
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kanako Maruta
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yasuda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Minatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junji Ito
- Department of Clinical Examination, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
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Reduced humoral but stable cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in liver transplant recipients in the first year after COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276929. [PMID: 36322587 PMCID: PMC9629592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality due to COVID-19 is not increased in immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation (OLT) compared to individuals without immunosuppression. Data on long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed convalescents, is limited. We prospectively measured immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 by quantifying antibodies against 4 different antigens (spike protein 1 and 2, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid) and T cell responses by IFN-γ ELISPOT against 4 antigens (membrane, nucleocapsid, spike protein 1 and 2) in 24 OLT convalescents with immunosuppressive therapy longitudinally in the first year after COVID-19 including a booster vaccination in comparison to a matched cohort of non-immunosuppressed convalescents (non-IS-Con). Pre-pandemic OLT samples were retrieved from our prospective OLT biorepository (n = 16). No relevant T cell reactivity or immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 were detectable in pre-pandemic samples of OLT recipients despite reactivity against endemic corona-viruses. OLT convalescents had a lower prevalence of IgG against nucleocapsid (54% vs. 90%) but not against spike protein domains (98-100% vs. 100%) after vaccination in the second half-year after COVID-19 compared to non-IS-Con. Also, concentrations of anti-nucleocapsid IgG were lower in OLT convalescents than in non-IS-Con. Concentration of IgG against spike protein domains was significantly increased by a booster vaccination in OLT convalescents. But concentration of IgG against two of three spike protein domains remains slightly lower compared to non-IS-Con finally. However, none of these differences was mirrored by the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that remained stable during the first year after COVID-19 and was not further stimulated by a corona vaccination in OLT convalescents. In conclusion, despite lower concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in OLT convalescents anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity was as robust as in non-IS-Con.
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Thümmler L, Konik M, Lindemann M, Fisenkci N, Koldehoff M, Gäckler A, Horn PA, Theodoropoulos F, Taube C, Zettler M, Anastasiou OE, Braß P, Jansen S, Witzke O, Rohn H, Krawczyk A. Long-term cellular immune response in immunocompromised unvaccinated COVID-19 patients undergoing monoclonal antibody treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980698. [PMID: 36311723 PMCID: PMC9606643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become widely accepted. However, the effects of mAb treatment on the long-term primary cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 are unknown. In the following study, we investigated the long-term cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1, Membrane (M) and Nucleocapsid (N) antigens using the ELISpot assay in unvaccinated, mAb-treated immunocompromised high-risk patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAb untreated though vaccinated COVID-19 immunocompromised patients, vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 immunocompromised patients without COVID-19 and vaccinated healthy control subjects served as control groups. The cellular immune response was determined at a median of 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggest that immunocompromised patients develop an endogenous long-term cellular immune response after COVID-19, although at low levels. A better understanding of the cellular immune response will help guide clinical decision making for these vulnerable patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thümmler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Margarethe Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Neslinur Fisenkci
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Koldehoff
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fotis Theodoropoulos
- Department of Pneumology, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pneumology, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Zettler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia Evdoxia Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peer Braß
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Adalbert Krawczyk, ; Hana Rohn,
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Adalbert Krawczyk, ; Hana Rohn,
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Cantarelli C, Angeletti A, Perin L, Russo LS, Sabiu G, Podestà MA, Cravedi P. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis and kidney transplantation. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1816-1828. [PMID: 36147709 PMCID: PMC9384565 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are still at high risk of infection-related complications. Although the risk of infection in these patients is comparable to that of the general population, their lower rate of response to vaccination is a matter of concern. When prevention strategies fail, infection is often severe. Comorbidities affecting patients on maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant recipients clearly account for the increased risk of severe COVID-19, while the role of uremia and chronic immunosuppression is less clear. Immune monitoring studies have identified differences in the innate and adaptive immune response against the virus that could contribute to the increased disease severity. In particular, individuals on dialysis show signs of T cell exhaustion that may impair antiviral response. Similar to kidney transplant recipients, antibody production in these patients occurs, but with delayed kinetics compared with the general population, leaving them more exposed to viral expansion during the early phases of infection. Overall, unique features of the immune response during COVID-19 in individuals with ESKD may occur with severe comorbidities affecting these individuals in explaining their poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cantarelli
- UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; , Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; , Los Angeles, CA
| | - Luis Sanchez Russo
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY
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Prasithsirikul W, Nopsopon T, Phutrakool P, Suwanwattana P, Kantagowit P, Pongpirul W, Jongkaewwattana A, Pongpirul K. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Immunogenicity and Immunological Response Following COVID-19 Infection in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060959. [PMID: 35746567 PMCID: PMC9230560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) were found to have a decreased immune response following mRNA COVID-19 immunization. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was a promising COVID-19 vaccine that performed well in the general population, but the evidence on immunogenicity in ESRD with HD patients was limited. Moreover, the immunological response to COVID-19 infection was inconclusive in patients with ESRD and HD. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and the immunological response after COVID-19 infection in ESRD patients with HD. The blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up after each shot or recovery. All participants were measured for anti-spike IgG by the ELISA method, using Euroimmun. This study found a significant increase in anti-spike IgG after 1 month of two-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, followed by a significant decrease after 3 months. On the other hand, the anti-spike IgG was maintained in the post-recovery group. There was no significant difference in the change of anti-spike IgG between the one-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated and post-recovery groups for both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The seroconversion rate for the vaccinated group was 60.32% at 1 month after one-shot vaccination and slightly dropped to 58.73% at the 3-month follow-up, then was 92.06% at 1 month after two-shot vaccination and reduced to 82.26% at the 3-month follow-up. For the recovered group, the seroconversion rate was 95.65% at 1 month post-recovery and 92.50% at 3-month follow-up. This study demonstrated the immunogenicity of two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in ESRD patients with HD for humoral immunity. After COVID-19 infection, the humoral immune response was strong and could be maintained for at least three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Prasithsirikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawita Suwanwattana
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Piyawat Kantagowit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarat Pongpirul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
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Magicová M, Viklický O. Covid-19 in kidney transplant recipients. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2022; 68:444-448. [PMID: 36402569 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2022.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients are a very vulnerable population at risk of severe course and death from Covid-19. Several antiviral drugs are now available for the treatment of nonhospitalized individuals with mild to moderate Covid-19 and hospitalized patients with severe disease. The combination of monoclonal antibodies is also available to be used as pre-exposure prophylaxis in elderly patients. Previously used monoclonal antibodies for post-exposure prophylaxis are no longer effective because of the new mutations and are no longer recommended. Although the immune response to Covid-19 vaccines is impaired in kidney transplant recipients, the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines was described even in this immunocompromised group. Therefore vaccination, together with anti-epidemic measures, remains the most important tool to prevent Covid-19.
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