1
|
Stallworth JY, Blair DR, Slavotinek A, Moore AT, Duncan JL, de Alba Campomanes AG. Retinopathy and optic atrophy in a case of COQ2-related primary coenzyme Q 10 deficiency. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:486-490. [PMID: 36420660 PMCID: PMC10205914 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2141792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency in a child manifesting as early-onset renal failure, retinal dystrophy, and optic atrophy leading to progressive vision loss. METHODS Clinical presentation and workup including visual fields, electroretinogram, and optical coherence tomography are presented. Genetic testing was performed. RESULTS An eight-year-old female with nephropathy requiring renal transplantation subsequently developed progressive cone-rod dystrophy and optic atrophy. The patient had negative results on a targeted next-generation sequencing retinal dystrophy panel but whole-exome sequencing revealed two variants in COQ2 (likely biallelic), consistent with a diagnosis of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare disorder with variable systemic and ocular findings; there is also genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing aids in the diagnosis of this condition, and variants in the COQ2 and PDSS1 genes appear to have the strongest association with ocular manifestations. Oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 may slow progression of disease. This case highlights the utility of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis of a rare syndromic form of ocular disease and reports a novel phenotypic association for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong H, Tsai SY. Mitochondrial Properties in Skeletal Muscle Fiber. Cells 2023; 12:2183. [PMID: 37681915 PMCID: PMC10486962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary source of energy production and are implicated in a wide range of biological processes in most eukaryotic cells. Skeletal muscle heavily relies on mitochondria for energy supplements. In addition to being a powerhouse, mitochondria evoke many functions in skeletal muscle, including regulating calcium and reactive oxygen species levels. A healthy mitochondria population is necessary for the preservation of skeletal muscle homeostasis, while mitochondria dysregulation is linked to numerous myopathies. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on mitochondria function and quality control in skeletal muscle, focusing mainly on in vivo studies of rodents and human subjects. With an emphasis on the interplay between mitochondrial functions concerning the muscle fiber type-specific phenotypes, we also discuss the effect of aging and exercise on the remodeling of skeletal muscle and mitochondria properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Shih-Yin Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith IC, Pileggi CA, Wang Y, Kernohan K, Hartley T, McMillan HJ, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Woulfe J, Parmar G, Bourque PR, Breiner A, Zwicker J, Pringle CE, Jarinova O, Lochmüller H, Dyment DA, Brais B, Boycott KM, Hekimi S, Harper ME, Warman-Chardon J. Novel Homozygous Variant in COQ7in Siblings With Hereditary Motor Neuropathy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200048. [PMID: 37077559 PMCID: PMC10108386 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10) is an important electron carrier and antioxidant. The COQ7 enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of 5-demethoxyubiquinone-10 (DMQ10), the second-to-last step in the CoQ10biosynthesis pathway. We report a consanguineous family presenting with a hereditary motor neuropathy associated with a homozygous c.1A > G p.? variant ofCOQ7with abnormal CoQ10biosynthesis.MethodsAffected family members underwent clinical assessments that included nerve conduction testing, histologic analysis, and MRI. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was assessed in cultured fibroblasts and skeletal muscle using a combination of immunoblots, respirometry, and quinone analysis.ResultsThree affected siblings, ranging from 12 to 24 years of age, presented with a severe length-dependent motor neuropathy with marked symmetric distal weakness and atrophy with normal sensation. Muscle biopsy of the quadriceps revealed chronic denervation pattern. An MRI examination identified moderate to severe fat infiltration in distal muscles. Exome sequencing demonstrated the homozygousCOQ7c.1A > G p.? variant that is expected to bypass the first 38 amino acid residues at the n-terminus, initiating instead with methionine at position 39. This is predicted to cause the loss of the cleavable mitochondrial targeting sequence and 2 additional amino acids, thereby preventing the incorporation and subsequent folding of COQ7 into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Pathogenicity of theCOQ7variant was demonstrated by diminished COQ7 and CoQ10levels in muscle and fibroblast samples of affected siblings but not in the father, unaffected sibling, or unrelated controls. In addition, fibroblasts from affected siblings had substantial accumulation of DMQ10, and maximal mitochondrial respiration was impaired in both fibroblasts and muscle.DiscussionThis report describes a new neurologic phenotype ofCOQ7-related primary CoQ10deficiency. Novel aspects of the phenotype presented by this family include pure distal motor neuropathy involvement, as well as the lack of upper motor neuron features, cognitive delay, or sensory involvement in comparison with cases ofCOQ7-related CoQ10deficiency previously reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcos Loreto Sampaio
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre R Bourque
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ari Breiner
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Zwicker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Elizabeth Pringle
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olga Jarinova
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (I.C.S., M.L.S., G.M., A.B., J.Z., H.L., J.W.-C.), Ottawa; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (C.A.P., G.P., M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Biology (Y.W., S.H.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (K.K., T.H., O.J., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Ottawa; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, & Neurosurgery (H.J.M.), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics (M.L.S., G.M.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine (J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Department of Medicine (Neurology) (P.R.B., A.B., J.Z., E.P., C.E.P., H.L., J.W.-C.), The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario; Faculty of Medicine/Brain and Mind Research Institute (A.B., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., J.W.-C.), University of Ottawa, Ontario; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Semenova Y, Peana M, Chirumbolo S, Hangan T. Combined Supplementation of Coenzyme Q 10 and Other Nutrients in Specific Medical Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:4383. [PMID: 36297067 PMCID: PMC9609170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a compound with a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant protection. Despite the ubiquitous endogenous biosynthesis, specific medical conditions are associated with low circulating CoQ10 levels. However, previous studies of oral CoQ10 supplementation yielded inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we reviewed previous CoQ10 trials, either single or in combination with other nutrients, and stratified the study participants according to their metabolic statuses and medical conditions. The CoQ10 supplementation trials in elders reported many favorable outcomes. However, the single intervention was less promising when the host metabolic statuses were worsening with the likelihood of multiple nutrient insufficiencies, as in patients with an established diagnosis of metabolic or immune-related disorders. On the contrary, the mixed CoQ10 supplementation with other interacting nutrients created more promising impacts in hosts with compromised nutrient reserves. Furthermore, the results of either single or combined intervention will be less promising in far-advanced conditions with established damage, such as neurodegenerative disorders or cancers. With the limited high-level evidence studies on each host metabolic category, we could only conclude that the considerations of whether to take supplementation varied by the individuals' metabolic status and their nutrient reserves. Further studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Department of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, HP Medical Center, Bangkok 10540, Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Hekimi S. The efficacy of coenzyme Q 10 treatment in alleviating the symptoms of primary coenzyme Q 10 deficiency: A systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4635-4644. [PMID: 35985679 PMCID: PMC9443948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is necessary for mitochondrial electron transport. Mutations in CoQ10 biosynthetic genes cause primary CoQ10 deficiency (PCoQD) and manifest as mitochondrial disorders. It is often stated that PCoQD patients can be treated by oral CoQ10 supplementation. To test this, we compiled all studies describing PCoQD patients up to May 2022. We excluded studies with no data on CoQ10 treatment, or with insufficient description of effectiveness. Out of 303 PCoQD patients identified, we retained 89 cases, of which 24 reported improvements after CoQ10 treatment (27.0%). In five cases, the patient's condition was reported to deteriorate after halting of CoQ10 treatment. 12 cases reported improvement in the severity of ataxia and 5 cases in the severity of proteinuria. Only a subjective description of improvement was reported for 4 patients described as responding. All reported responses were partial improvements of only some symptoms. For PCoQD patients, CoQ10 supplementation is replacement therapy. Yet, there is only very weak evidence for the efficacy of the treatment. Our findings, thus, suggest a need for caution when seeking to justify the widespread use of CoQ10 for the treatment of any disease or as dietary supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Technical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10 Analysis: Validation of a New HPLC-ED Method. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030528. [PMID: 35326178 PMCID: PMC8944485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical measurement of the CoQ status in different tissues can be performed using HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED). Because the production of the electrochemical cells used with the Coulochem series detectors was discontinued, we aimed to standardize a new HPLC-ED method with new equipment. We report all technical aspects, troubleshooting and its performance in different biological samples, including plasma, skeletal muscle homogenates, urine and cultured skin fibroblasts. Analytical variables (intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity, analytical measurement range, limit of quantification, limit of detection and accuracy) were validated in calibrators and plasma samples and displayed adequate results. The comparison of the results of a new ERNDIM external quality control (EQC) scheme for the plasma CoQ determination between HPLC-ED (Lab 1) and LC-MS/MS (Lab 2) methods shows that the results of the latter were slightly higher in most cases, although a good consistency was generally observed. In conclusion, the new method reported here showed a good analytical performance. The global quality of the EQC scheme results among different participants can be improved with the contribution of more laboratories.
Collapse
|
8
|
Levels of Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Are Associated with Physical Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk in the Elderly. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020279. [PMID: 35204162 PMCID: PMC8868547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential factor for mitochondrial activity and antioxidant protection of cells, tissues and plasma lipoproteins. Its deficiency has been associated with aging progression in animals and humans. To determine if CoQ10 levels in plasma can be associated with frailty in elderly people (aged > 65), we studied the relationship of CoQ10 levels in blood with other parameters in plasma and with the physical activity and capacity in aged people. Our results indicate that high CoQ10 levels are directly associated with lower cardiovascular risk measured by the quotient total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, high CoQ10 levels were found in people showing higher physical activity, stronger muscle capacity. CoQ10 also showed a strong inverse relationship with sedentarism and the up and go test, which is considered to be a frailty index. Interestingly, we found gender differences, indicating stronger correlations in women than in men. The importance of the maintenance of CoQ10 levels in elderly people to avoid sarcopenia and frailty in elderly people is discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinefski MR, Yamasato MF, Di Carlo MB, Daruich JR, Tripodi VP. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101624. [PMID: 33676282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a group of inherited disorders that causes a slow and progressive iron deposition in diverse organs, particularly in the liver. Iron overload induces oxidative stress and tissue damage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a cofactor in the electron-transport chain of the mitochondria, but it is also a potent endogenous antioxidant. CoQ10 interest has recently grown since various studies show that CoQ10 supplementation may provide protective and safe benefits in mitochondrial diseases and oxidative stress disorders. In the present study we sought to determine CoQ10 plasma level in patients recently diagnosed with HH and to correlate it with biochemical, genetic, and histological features of the disease. METHODS Plasma levels of CoQ10, iron, ferritin, transferrin and vitamins (A, C and E), liver tests (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin), and histology, as well as three HFE gene mutations (H63D, S654C and C282Y), were assessed in thirty-eight patients (32 males, 6 females) newly diagnosed with HH without treatment and in twenty-five age-matched normolipidemic healthy subjects with no HFE gene mutations (22 males, 3 females) and without clinical or biochemical signs of iron overload or liver diseases. RESULTS Patients with HH showed a significant decrease in CoQ10 levels respect to control subjects (0.31 ± 0.03 µM vs 0.70 ± 0.06 µM, p < 0.001, respectively) independently of the genetic mutation, cirrhosis, transferrin saturation, ferritin level or markers of hepatic dysfunction. Although a decreasing trend in CoQ10 levels was observed in patients with elevated iron levels, no correlation was found between both parameters in patients with HH. Vitamins C and A levels showed no changes in HH patients. Vitamin E was significantly decreased in HH patients (21.1 ± 1.3 µM vs 29.9 ± 2.5 µM, p < 0.001, respectively), but no correlation was observed with CoQ10 levels. CONCLUSION The decrease in CoQ10 levels found in HH patients suggests that CoQ10 supplementation could be a safe intervention strategy complementary to the traditional therapy to ameliorate oxidative stress and further tissue damage induced by iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Yamasato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, División de Gastroenterología, Sección Hepatología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Di Carlo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Daruich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, División de Gastroenterología, Sección Hepatología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Sieńko J. Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Last 20 Years of Research with an Emphasis on Kidney Damage and Renal Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158010. [PMID: 34360776 PMCID: PMC8347360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants that adversely influences the organism in various mechanisms and on many levels. Oxidative damage occurring concomitantly in many cellular structures may cause a deterioration of function, including apoptosis and necrosis. The damage leaves a molecular “footprint”, which can be detected by specific methodology, using certain oxidative stress biomarkers. There is an intimate relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and functional impairment, resulting in various diseases affecting the entire human body. In the current narrative review, we strengthen the connection between oxidative stress mechanisms and their active compounds, emphasizing kidney damage and renal transplantation. An analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, products of peroxidation, and finally signaling pathways gives a lot of promising data that potentially will modify cell responses on many levels, including gene expression. Oxidative damage, stress, and ROS are still intensively exploited research subjects. We discuss compounds mentioned earlier as biomarkers of oxidative stress and present their role documented during the last 20 years of research. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used in the search: oxidative stress, kidney, transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI, biomarkers, peroxidation, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Tejchman
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48914661144
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonçalves FG, Alves CAPF, Heuer B, Peterson J, Viaene AN, Reis Teixeira S, Martín-Saavedra JS, Andronikou S, Goldstein A, Vossough A. Primary Mitochondrial Disorders of the Pediatric Central Nervous System: Neuroimaging Findings. Radiographics 2021; 40:2042-2067. [PMID: 33136487 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) constitute the most common cause of inborn errors of metabolism in children, and they frequently affect the central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings of PMDs are variable, ranging from unremarkable and nonspecific to florid and highly suggestive. An overview of PMDs, including a synopsis of the basic genetic concepts, main clinical symptoms, and neuropathologic features, is presented. In addition, eight of the most common PMDs that have a characteristic imaging phenotype in children are reviewed in detail. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Guimarães Gonçalves
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - César Augusto Pinheiro Ferreira Alves
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Beth Heuer
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - James Peterson
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Angela N Viaene
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Sara Reis Teixeira
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Juan Sebastián Martín-Saavedra
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Savvas Andronikou
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Amy Goldstein
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aaseth J, Alexander J, Alehagen U. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation - In ageing and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111521. [PMID: 34129891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an antioxidant in cellular membranes and lipoproteins. All cells produce CoQ10 by a specialized cytoplasmatic-mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency can result from genetic failure or ageing. Some drugs including statins, widely used by inter alia elderly, may inhibit endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. There are also chronic diseases with lower levels of CoQ10 in tissues and organs. High doses of CoQ10 may increase both circulating and intracellular levels, but there are conflicting results regarding bioavailability. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary and acquired CoQ10 deficiency, and results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There are indications that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and some of the symptoms of ageing. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation appear to be alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials, with CoQ10 in a formulation of proven bioavailability, involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in metabolic syndrome and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PO Box 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Se-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baschiera E, Sorrentino U, Calderan C, Desbats MA, Salviati L. The multiple roles of coenzyme Q in cellular homeostasis and their relevance for the pathogenesis of coenzyme Q deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:277-286. [PMID: 33667628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid that plays a central role in cellular homeostasis. It was discovered more than 60 years ago because of its role as electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Since then it has become evident that CoQ has many other functions, not directly related to bioenergetics. It is a cofactor of several mitochondrial dehydrogenases involved in the metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, and in sulfide detoxification. It is a powerful antioxidant and it is involved in the control of programmed cell death by modulating both apoptosis and ferroptosis. CoQ deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the impairment of CoQ biosynthesis. CoQ deficient patients display defects in cellular bioenergetics, but also in the other pathways in which CoQ is involved. In this review we will focus on the functions of CoQ not directly related to the respiratory chain, and on how their impairment is relevant for the pathophysiology of CoQ deficiency. A better understanding of the complex set of events triggered by CoQ deficiency will allow to design novel approaches for the treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baschiera
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova and IPR Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cotta A, Carvalho E, da-Cunha-Júnior AL, Valicek J, Navarro MM, Junior SB, da Silveira EB, Lima MI, Cordeiro BA, Cauhi AF, Menezes MM, Nunes SV, Vargas AP, Neto RX, Paim JF. Muscle biopsy essential diagnostic advice for pathologists. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Muscle biopsies are important diagnostic procedures in neuromuscular practice. Recent advances in genetic analysis have profoundly modified Myopathology diagnosis.
Main body
The main goals of this review are: (1) to describe muscle biopsy techniques for non specialists; (2) to provide practical information for the team involved in the diagnosis of muscle diseases; (3) to report fundamental rules for muscle biopsy site choice and adequacy; (4) to highlight the importance of liquid nitrogen in diagnostic workup. Routine techniques include: (1) histochemical stains and reactions; (2) immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence; (3) electron microscopy; (4) mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic studies; and (5) molecular studies. The diagnosis of muscle disease is a challenge, as it should integrate data from different techniques.
Conclusion
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded muscle samples alone almost always lead to inconclusive or unspecific results. Liquid nitrogen frozen muscle sections are imperative for neuromuscular diagnosis. Muscle biopsy interpretation is possible in the context of detailed clinical, neurophysiological, and serum muscle enzymes data. Muscle imaging studies are strongly recommended in the diagnostic workup. Muscle biopsy is useful for the differential diagnosis of immune mediated myopathies, muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies. Muscle biopsy may confirm the pathogenicity of new gene variants, guide cost-effective molecular studies, and provide phenotypic diagnosis in doubtful cases. For some patients with mitochondrial myopathies, a definite molecular diagnosis may be achieved only if performed in DNA extracted from muscle tissue due to organ specific mutation load.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sánchez-Cuesta A, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Navas-Enamorado I, Lekue JA, Viar T, Axpe M, Navas P, López-Lluch G. High coenzyme Q10 plasma levels improve stress and damage markers in professional soccer players during competition. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:192-203. [PMID: 32639220 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol, the reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a key factor in bioenergetics and antioxidant protection. During competition, professional soccer players suffer from considerable physical stress causing high risk of muscle damage. For athletes, supplementation with several antioxidants, including CoQ10, is widely recommended to avoid oxidative stress and muscle damage. We performed an observational study of plasma parameters associated with CoQ10 levels in professional soccer players of the Spanish First League team Athletic Club de Bilbao over two consecutive seasons (n = 24-25) in order determine their relationship with damage, stress and performance during competition. We analyzed three different moments of the competition: preterm, initial phase and mid phase. Metabolites and factors related with stress (testosterone/cortisol) and muscle damage (creatine kinase) were determined. Physical activity during matches was analyzed over the 2015/16 season in those players participating in complete matches. In the mid phase of competition, CoQ10 levels were higher in 2015/16 (906.8 ± 307.9 vs. 584.3 ± 196.3 pmol/mL, p = 0.0006) High levels of CoQ10 in the hardest phase of competition were associated with a reduction in the levels of the muscle-damage marker creatine kinase (Pearsons' correlation coefficient (r) = - 0.460, p = 0.00168) and a trend for the stress marker cortisol (r = -0.252, p = 0.150). Plasma ubiquinol was also associated with better kidney function (r = -0.287, p = 0.0443 for uric acid). Furthermore, high CoQ10 levels were associated with higher muscle performance during matches. Our results suggest that high levels of plasma CoQ10 can prevent muscle damage, improve kidney function and are associated with higher performance in professional soccer players during competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Primary Coenzyme Q deficiency Due to Novel ADCK3 Variants, Studies in Fibroblasts and Review of Literature. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2372-2384. [PMID: 30968303 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ubiquinone), is classified as a mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder with phenotypic variability. The clinical manifestation may involve one or multiple tissue with variable severity and presentation may range from infancy to late onset. ADCK3 gene mutations are responsible for the most frequent form of hereditary CoQ10 deficiency (Q10 deficiency-4 OMIM #612016) which is mainly associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (ARCA2, SCAR9). Here we provide the clinical, biochemical and genetic investigation for unrelated three nuclear families presenting an autosomal form of Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia due to novel mutations in the ADCK3 gene. Using next generation sequence technology we identified a homozygous Gln343Ter mutation in one family with severe, early onset of the disease and compound heterozygous mutations of Gln343Ter and Ser608Phe in two other families with variable manifestations. Biochemical investigation in fibroblasts showed decreased activity of the CoQ dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II + III). Exogenous CoQ slightly improved enzymatic activity, ATP production and decreased oxygen free radicals in some of the patient's cells. Our results are presented in comparison to previously reported mutations and expanding the clinical, molecular and biochemical spectrum of ADCK3 related CoQ10 deficiencies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marchesi J, Ibelli A, Peixoto J, Cantão M, Pandolfi J, Marciano C, Zanella R, Settles M, Coutinho L, Ledur M. Whole transcriptome analysis of the pectoralis major muscle reveals molecular mechanisms involved with white striping in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:590-601. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
21
|
Louw R, Smuts I, Wilsenach KL, Jonck LM, Schoonen M, van der Westhuizen FH. The dilemma of diagnosing coenzyme Q 10 deficiency in muscle. Mol Genet Metab 2018. [PMID: 29530532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) and is critical for energy production. Although the prevalence of CoQ10 deficiency is still unknown, the general consensus is that the condition is under-diagnosed. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate CoQ10 deficiency in frozen muscle specimens in a cohort of ethnically diverse patients who received muscle biopsies for the investigation of a possible RC deficiency (RCD). METHODS Muscle samples were homogenized whereby 600 ×g supernatants were used to analyze RC enzyme activities, followed by quantification of CoQ10 by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The experimental group consisted of 156 patients of which 76 had enzymatically confirmed RCDs. To further assist in the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency in this cohort, we included sequencing of 18 selected nuclear genes involved with CoQ10 biogenesis in 26 patients with low CoQ10 concentration in muscle samples. RESULTS Central 95% reference intervals (RI) were established for CoQ10 normalized to citrate synthase (CS) or protein. Nine patients were considered CoQ10 deficient when expressed against CS, while 12 were considered deficient when expressed against protein. In two of these patients the molecular genetic cause could be confirmed, of which one would not have been identified as CoQ10 deficient if expressed only against protein content. CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, we report a central 95% reference interval for 600 ×g muscle supernatants prepared from frozen samples. The study reiterates the importance of including CoQ10 quantification as part of a diagnostic approach to study mitochondrial disease as it may complement respiratory chain enzyme assays with the possible identification of patients that may benefit from CoQ10 supplementation. However, the anomaly that only a few patients were identified as CoQ10 deficient against both markers (CS and protein), while the majority of patients where only CoQ10 deficient against one of the markers (and not the other), remains problematic. We therefore conclude from our data that, to prevent possibly not diagnosing a potential CoQ10 deficiency, the expression of CoQ10 levels in muscle on both CS as well as protein content should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Izelle Smuts
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kimmey-Li Wilsenach
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lindi-Maryn Jonck
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Maryke Schoonen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith AC, Ito Y, Ahmed A, Schwartzentruber JA, Beaulieu CL, Aberg E, Majewski J, Bulman DE, Horsting-Wethly K, Koning DVD, Rodenburg RJ, Boycott KM, Penney LS. A family segregating lethal neonatal coenzyme Q 10 deficiency caused by mutations in COQ9. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:719-729. [PMID: 29560582 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in genes involved in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). To date, mutations in nine proteins required for the biosynthesis of CoQ10 cause CoQ10 deficiency with varying clinical presentations. In 2009 the first patient with mutations in COQ9 was reported in an infant with a neonatal-onset, primary CoQ10 deficiency with multi-system disease. Here we describe four siblings with a previously undiagnosed lethal disorder characterized by oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction, variable cardiomyopathy, anemia, and renal anomalies. The first and third pregnancy resulted in live born babies with abnormal tone who developed severe, treatment unresponsive lactic acidosis after birth and died hours later. Autopsy on one of the siblings demonstrated brain changes suggestive of the subacute necrotizing encephalopathy of Leigh disease. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed the siblings shared compound heterozygous mutations in the COQ9 gene with both variants predicted to affect splicing. RT-PCR on RNA from patient fibroblasts revealed that the c.521 + 2 T > C variant resulted in splicing out of exons 4-5 and the c.711 + 3G > C variant spliced out exon 6, resulting in undetectable levels of COQ9 protein in patient fibroblasts. The biochemical profile of patient fibroblasts demonstrated a drastic reduction in CoQ10 levels. An additional peak on the chromatogram may represent accumulation of demethoxy coenzyme Q (DMQ), which was shown previously to accumulate as a result of a defect in COQ9. This family expands our understanding of this rare metabolic disease and highlights the prenatal onset, clinical variability, severity, and biochemical profile associated with COQ9-related CoQ10 deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Smith
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yoko Ito
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Afsana Ahmed
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Schwartzentruber
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chandree L Beaulieu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Aberg
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dennis E Bulman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karina Horsting-Wethly
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Vermunt-de Koning
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lynette S Penney
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, P.O. Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iványi B, Rácz GZ, Gál P, Brinyiczki K, Bódi I, Kalmár T, Maróti Z, Bereczki C. Diffuse mesangial sclerosis in a PDSS2 mutation-induced coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:439-446. [PMID: 29032433 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 7-month-old male infant was admitted because he was suffering from nephrotic syndrome, along with encephalomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, clinically suspected deafness and retinitis pigmentosa, and an elevated serum lactate level. METHODS Coenzyme Q10 supplementation was started because of the clinical suspicion of primary CoQ10 deficiency. Despite intensive efforts, he passed away 4 weeks after admission. RESULTS The results of genetic tests, available postmortem, explored two hitherto undescribed mutations in the PDSS2 gene. Both were located within the polyprenyl synthetase domain. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 3, and our in-house joint-analysis algorithm detected a heterozygous large 2923-bp deletion that affected the 5 prime end of exon 8. Other causative defects in the CoQ10 and infantile nephrosis-related genes examined were not found. A postmortem histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic evaluation of the glomeruli revealed collapsing-sclerosing lesions consistent with diffuse mesangial sclerosis. The extrarenal alterations included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diffuse alveolar damage. A histological evaluation of the central nervous system and skeletal muscles did not demonstrate any obvious abnormality. CONCLUSIONS Until now, the clinical features and the mutational status of 6 patients with a PDSS2 gene defect have been reported in the English literature. Here, we describe for the first time detailed kidney morphology features in a patient with nephrotic syndrome carrying mutations in the PDSS2 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Iványi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Z Rácz
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Brinyiczki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | | | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29459830 PMCID: PMC5807419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an antioxidant in plasma membranes and lipoproteins. It is endogenously produced in all cells by a highly regulated pathway that involves a mitochondrial multiprotein complex. Defects in either the structural and/or regulatory components of CoQ complex or in non-CoQ biosynthetic mitochondrial proteins can result in a decrease in CoQ concentration and/or an increase in oxidative stress. Besides CoQ10 deficiency syndrome and aging, there are chronic diseases in which lower levels of CoQ10 are detected in tissues and organs providing the hypothesis that CoQ10 supplementation could alleviate aging symptoms and/or retard the onset of these diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome, and have collected published results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There is evidence that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and the symptoms of aging based mainly on improvements in bioenergetics. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation are alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and clinical trials involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, and human fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Malicdan MCV, Vilboux T, Ben-Zeev B, Guo J, Eliyahu A, Pode-Shakked B, Dori A, Kakani S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Ferreira C, Shelestovich N, Marek-Yagel D, Pri-Chen H, Blatt I, Niederhuber JE, He L, Toro C, Taylor RW, Deeken J, Yardeni T, Wallace DC, Gahl WA, Anikster Y. A novel inborn error of the coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway: cerebellar ataxia and static encephalomyopathy due to COQ5 C-methyltransferase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:69-79. [PMID: 29044765 PMCID: PMC5722658 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ; MIM# 607426) deficiencies are an emerging group of inherited mitochondrial disorders with heterogonous clinical phenotypes. Over a dozen genes are involved in the biosynthesis of CoQ10 , and mutations in several of these are associated with human disease. However, mutations in COQ5 (MIM# 616359), catalyzing the only C-methylation in the CoQ10 synthetic pathway, have not been implicated in human disease. Here, we report three female siblings of Iraqi-Jewish descent, who had varying degrees of cerebellar ataxia, encephalopathy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and cognitive disability. Whole-exome and subsequent whole-genome sequencing identified biallelic duplications in the COQ5 gene, leading to reduced levels of CoQ10 in peripheral white blood cells of all affected individuals and reduced CoQ10 levels in the only muscle tissue available from one affected proband. CoQ10 supplementation led to clinical improvement and increased the concentrations of CoQ10 in blood. This is the first report of primary CoQ10 deficiency caused by loss of function of COQ5, with delineation of the clinical, laboratory, histological, and molecular features, and insights regarding targeted treatment with CoQ10 supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Christine V. Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, 22042 Virginia, USA
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Jennifer Guo
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Aviva Eliyahu
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Sravan Kakani
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Natalia Shelestovich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dina Marek-Yagel
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Ilan Blatt
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
| | - John E. Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, 22042 Virginia, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, 22042 Virginia, USA
| | - Tal Yardeni
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - William A. Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland, USA
| | - Yair Anikster
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5621 Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and associations with myostatin genotypes in the Thoroughbred horse. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186247. [PMID: 29190290 PMCID: PMC5708611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the myostatin (MSTN) gene has been reported to be associated with race distance, body composition and skeletal muscle fibre composition in the horse. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that MSTN variation influences mitochondrial phenotypes in equine skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial abundance and skeletal muscle fibre types were measured in whole muscle biopsies from the gluteus medius of n = 82 untrained (21 ± 3 months) Thoroughbred horses. Skeletal muscle fibre type proportions were significantly (p < 0.01) different among the three MSTN genotypes and mitochondrial content was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the combined presence of the C-allele of SNP g.66493737C>T (C) and the SINE insertion 227 bp polymorphism (I). Evaluation of mitochondrial complex activities indicated higher combined mitochondrial complex I+III and II+III activities in the presence of the C-allele / I allele (p ≤ 0.05). The restoration of complex I+III and complex II+III activities following addition of exogenous coenzyme Q1 (ubiquinone1) (CoQ1) in vitro in the TT/NN (homozygous T allele/homozygous no insertion) cohort indicated decreased coenzyme Q in these animals. In addition, decreased gene expression in two coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis pathway genes (COQ4, p ≤ 0.05; ADCK3, p ≤ 0.01) in the TT/NN horses was observed. This study has identified several mitochondrial phenotypes associated with MSTN genotype in untrained Thoroughbred horses and in addition, our findings suggest that nutritional supplementation with CoQ may aid to restore coenzyme Q activity in TT/NN horses.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang H, Wang F, Liu X, Zhong X, Yao Y, Xiao H. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by co-inheritance of mutations at NPHS1 and ADCK4 genes in two Chinese siblings. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:299-303. [PMID: 29259860 PMCID: PMC5735285 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary nephrotic syndrome often presents with steroid-resistance and onset within the first year of life. Mutations in genes highly expressed in podocytes have been found in two thirds of these patients, especially NPHS1 and NPHS2 among at least 29 genetic causes that have been discovered. We reported two siblings with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by co-inheritance of mutations at NPHS1 (c.1339G>A, p.E447K) and ACDK4 (c.748G>C, p.D250H) genes. The siblings presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and pathological lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), while the elder sister also developed hypertension, renal failure and cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhong
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Huijie Xiao, Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Campos-Silva C, Reyes-Torres I, Rivera M, Meza-Torres C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Rodríguez-Bies E, Navas P, López-Lluch G. [Regulation of the expression of coenzyme Q-synthesis complex during ageing]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017; 52:307-312. [PMID: 28736036 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q is an essential component in the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Its synthesis involves, at least, a complex of ten different proteins. In this study, an attempt is made to determine the evolution of the expression of the genes involved in coenzyme Q synthesis during mouse ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) of different organs, such as brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle from young (8 months), mature (18 months), and old (24 months) mice was extracted by using Trizol and was then analysed by real time PCR (qPCR) using specific primers for all the known components of the coenzyme Q-synthesis complex (COQ genes). RESULTS Liver showed the highest age-dependent changes in mRNA levels of the different components of Q-synthesis complex, affecting the extent of the variation as well as the significance of the change. In most of the cases, mRNA levels of the different components were higher in mature animals compared to young and old animals. When mRNAs of young and old animals were compared, only minor reductions of mRNA levels were found. Kidney showed a pattern similar to that found in liver as regards the changes in expression, although with lower increases in mature animals than those observed in the liver. Brain and skeletal muscle showed low variations, with muscle being the tissue with less changes, although a pattern similar to that found in liver and kidney was found, with slight increases in mature animals. DISCUSSION The results of this study indicate that ageing is an important factor affecting COQ gene expression, but its effect depends on the organ, and that mature animals show higher levels of mRNA than young and old animals. Taken into consideration the importance of coenzyme Q in cell metabolism and ageing, a more detailed study is needed to understand the gene regulation of the coenzyme Q-synthesis mechanisms during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campos-Silva
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Iván Reyes-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Maximiliano Rivera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Catherine Meza-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for adenosine triphosphate production. The strict control of intracellular energy needs require proper mitochondrial functioning. The mitochondria are under dual controls of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from changes in either mtDNA or nDNA genes regulating function. There are an estimated ∼1500 proteins in the mitoproteome, whereas the mtDNA genome has 37 proteins. There are, to date, ∼275 genes shown to give rise to disease. The unique physiology of mitochondrial functioning contributes to diverse gene expression. The onset and range of phenotypic expression of disease is diverse, with onset from neonatal to seventh decade of life. The range of dysfunction is heterogeneous, ranging from single organ to multisystem involvement. The complexity of disease expression has severely limited gene discovery. Combining phenotypes with improvements in gene sequencing strategies are improving the diagnosis process. This chapter focuses on the interplay of the unique physiology and gene discovery in the current knowledge of genetically derived mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Saneto
- Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sjogren's syndrome: New paradigms and areas for future research. Clin Immunol 2017; 182:1-3. [PMID: 28673862 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
31
|
Neergheen V, Chalasani A, Wainwright L, Yubero D, Montero R, Artuch R, Hargreaves I. Coenzyme Q10 in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817707771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viruna Neergheen
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Annapurna Chalasani
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Luke Wainwright
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Romero-Moya D, Santos-Ocaña C, Castaño J, Garrabou G, Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Ruiz-Bonilla V, Bueno C, González-Rodríguez P, Giorgetti A, Perdiguero E, Prieto C, Moren-Nuñez C, Fernández-Ayala DJ, Victoria Cascajo M, Velasco I, Canals JM, Montero R, Yubero D, Jou C, López-Barneo J, Cardellach F, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Artuch R, Navas P, Menendez P. Genetic Rescue of Mitochondrial and Skeletal Muscle Impairment in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Model of Coenzyme Q 10 Deficiency. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1687-1703. [PMID: 28472853 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) plays a crucial role in mitochondria as an electron carrier within the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and is an essential antioxidant. Mutations in genes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis (COQ genes) cause primary CoQ10 deficiency, a rare and heterogeneous mitochondrial disorder with no clear genotype-phenotype association, mainly affecting tissues with high-energy demand including brain and skeletal muscle (SkM). Here, we report a four-year-old girl diagnosed with minor mental retardation and lethal rhabdomyolysis harboring a heterozygous mutation (c.483G > C (E161D)) in COQ4. The patient's fibroblasts showed a decrease in [CoQ10 ], CoQ10 biosynthesis, MRC activity affecting complexes I/II + III, and respiration defects. Bona fide induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines carrying the COQ4 mutation (CQ4-iPSCs) were generated, characterized and genetically edited using the CRISPR-Cas9 system (CQ4ed -iPSCs). Extensive differentiation and metabolic assays of control-iPSCs, CQ4-iPSCs and CQ4ed -iPSCs demonstrated a genotype association, reproducing the disease phenotype. The COQ4 mutation in iPSC was associated with CoQ10 deficiency, metabolic dysfunction, and respiration defects. iPSC differentiation into SkM was compromised, and the resulting SkM also displayed respiration defects. Remarkably, iPSC differentiation in dopaminergic or motor neurons was unaffected. This study offers an unprecedented iPSC model recapitulating CoQ10 deficiency-associated functional and metabolic phenotypes caused by COQ4 mutation. Stem Cells 2017;35:1687-1703.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damià Romero-Moya
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Julio Castaño
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Vanesa Ruiz-Bonilla
- CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Moren-Nuñez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel J Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Iván Velasco
- Insituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del IFC en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México DF, México
| | - Josep Maria Canals
- CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Production and validation center of advanced therapies (Creatio) Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS-Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana Recerca Estudis Avančats (ICREA), Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana Recerca Estudis Avančats (ICREA), Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Smith C, Parboosingh JS, Khan A, Innes M, Hekimi S. Pathogenicity of two COQ7 mutations and responses to 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate bypass treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2329-2343. [PMID: 28409910 PMCID: PMC5618687 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ubiquinone (co‐enzyme Q) deficiency results in a wide range of clinical features due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we analyse and characterize two mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic gene COQ7. One mutation from the only previously identified patient (V141E), and one (L111P) from a 6‐year‐old girl who presents with spasticity and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. We used patient fibroblast cell lines and a heterologous expression system to show that both mutations lead to loss of protein stability and decreased levels of ubiquinone that correlate with the severity of mitochondrial dysfunction. The severity of L111P is enhanced by the particular COQ7 polymorphism (T103M) that the patient carries, but not by a mitochondrial DNA mutation (A1555G) that is also present in the patient and that has been linked to aminoglycoside‐dependent hearing loss. We analysed treatment with the unnatural biosynthesis precursor 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), which can restore ubiquinone synthesis in cells completely lacking the enzymatic activity of COQ7. We find that the treatment is not beneficial for every COQ7 mutation and its outcome depends on the extent of enzyme activity loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yubero D, Allen G, Artuch R, Montero R. The Value of Coenzyme Q 10 Determination in Mitochondrial Patients. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6040037. [PMID: 28338638 PMCID: PMC5406769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) is a lipid that is ubiquitously synthesized in tissues and has a key role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Its biochemical determination provides insight into the CoQ status of tissues and may detect CoQ deficiency that can result from either an inherited primary deficiency of CoQ metabolism or may be secondary to different genetic and environmental conditions. Rapid identification of CoQ deficiency can also allow potentially beneficial treatment to be initiated as early as possible. CoQ may be measured in different specimens, including plasma, blood mononuclear cells, platelets, urine, muscle, and cultured skin fibroblasts. Blood and urinary CoQ also have good utility for CoQ treatment monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER-ISCIII, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - George Allen
- Department of Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER-ISCIII, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER-ISCIII, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Cortés AB, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Navas P. Biochemical Assessment of Coenzyme Q 10 Deficiency. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6030027. [PMID: 28273876 PMCID: PMC5372996 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency syndrome includes clinically heterogeneous mitochondrial diseases that show a variety of severe and debilitating symptoms. A multiprotein complex encoded by nuclear genes carries out CoQ10 biosynthesis. Mutations in any of these genes are responsible for the primary CoQ10 deficiency, but there are also different conditions that induce secondary CoQ10 deficiency including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion and mutations in genes involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. The diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiencies is determined by the decrease of its content in skeletal muscle and/or dermal skin fibroblasts. Dietary CoQ10 supplementation is the only available treatment for these deficiencies that require a rapid and distinct diagnosis. Here we review methods for determining CoQ10 content by HPLC separation and identification using alternative approaches including electrochemical detection and mass spectrometry. Also, we review procedures to determine the CoQ10 biosynthesis rate using labeled precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CISC, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Cortés
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CISC, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CISC, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CISC, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Romero-Moya D, Castaño J, Santos-Ocaña C, Navas P, Menendez P. Generation, genome edition and characterization of iPSC lines from a patient with coenzyme Q 10 deficiency harboring a heterozygous mutation in COQ4 gene. Stem Cell Res 2016; 24:144-147. [PMID: 28465093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the generation, CRISPR/Cas9-edition and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from a patient with coenzyme Q10 deficiency harboring the heterozygous mutation c.483G>C in the COQ4 gene. iPSCs were generated using non-integrative Sendai Viruses containing the reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC. The iPSC lines carried the c.483G>C COQ4 mutation, silenced the OKSM expression and were mycoplasma-free. They were bona fide pluripotent cells as characterized by morphology, immunophenotype/gene expression for pluripotent-associated markers/genes, NANOG and OCT4 promoter demethylation, karyotype and teratoma formation. The COQ4 mutation was CRISPR/Cas9 edited resulting in isogenic, diploid and off-target free COQ4-corrected iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damià Romero-Moya
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Julio Castaño
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituciò Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Emma F, Montini G, Parikh SM, Salviati L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inherited renal disease and acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:267-80. [PMID: 26804019 PMCID: PMC5469549 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as key players in genetic and acquired renal diseases. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause renal symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial and cystic diseases have also been described. For example, defects in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis and the mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G mutation are important causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and in adults, respectively. Although they sometimes present with isolated renal findings, mitochondrial diseases are frequently associated with symptoms related to central nervous system and neuromuscular involvement. They can result from mutations in nuclear genes that are inherited according to classic Mendelian rules or from mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which are transmitted according to more complex rules of mitochondrial genetics. Diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders involves clinical characterization of patients in combination with biochemical and genetic analyses. In particular, prompt diagnosis of CoQ10 biosynthesis defects is imperative because of their potentially reversible nature. In acute kidney injury (AKI), mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the physiopathology of tissue injury, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis has an important role in the recovery of renal function. Potential therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction or promote mitochondrial regeneration are being developed to limit renal damage during AKI and promote repair of injured tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Emma
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, Milano, Italy
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Acosta MJ, Vazquez Fonseca L, Desbats MA, Cerqua C, Zordan R, Trevisson E, Salviati L. Coenzyme Q biosynthesis in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1079-1085. [PMID: 27060254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, or ubiquinone) is a remarkable lipid that plays an essential role in mitochondria as an electron shuttle between complexes I and II of the respiratory chain, and complex III. It is also a cofactor of other dehydrogenases, a modulator of the permeability transition pore and an essential antioxidant. CoQ is synthesized in mitochondria by a set of at least 12 proteins that form a multiprotein complex. The exact composition of this complex is still unclear. Most of the genes involved in CoQ biosynthesis (COQ genes) have been studied in yeast and have mammalian orthologues. Some of them encode enzymes involved in the modification of the quinone ring of CoQ, but for others the precise function is unknown. Two genes appear to have a regulatory role: COQ8 (and its human counterparts ADCK3 and ADCK4) encodes a putative kinase, while PTC7 encodes a phosphatase required for the activation of Coq7. Mutations in human COQ genes cause primary CoQ(10) deficiency, a clinically heterogeneous mitochondrial disorder with onset from birth to the seventh decade, and with clinical manifestation ranging from fatal multisystem disorders, to isolated encephalopathy or nephropathy. The pathogenesis of CoQ(10) deficiency involves deficient ATP production and excessive ROS formation, but possibly other aspects of CoQ(10) function are implicated. CoQ(10) deficiency is unique among mitochondrial disorders since an effective treatment is available. Many patients respond to oral CoQ(10) supplementation. Nevertheless, treatment is still problematic because of the low bioavailability of the compound, and novel pharmacological approaches are currently being investigated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jesús Acosta
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Zordan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hormetic and regulatory effects of lipid peroxidation mediators in pancreatic beta cells. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 49:49-77. [PMID: 27012748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing mechanisms of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids operate distinct pathways that are essential for the adaptation to varying metabolic conditions. The role of nutrient-induced biosynthesis of hormones is paramount for attaining metabolic homeostasis in the organism. Nutrient overload attenuate key metabolic cellular functions and interfere with hormonal-regulated inter- and intra-organ communication, which may ultimately lead to metabolic derangements. Hyperglycemia and high levels of saturated free fatty acids induce excessive production of oxygen free radicals in tissues and cells. This phenomenon, which is accentuated in both type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients, has been associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance and the etiology of peripheral complications. However, low levels of the same free radicals also induce hormetic responses that protect cells against deleterious effects of the same radicals. Of interest is the role of hydroxyl radicals in initiating peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and generation of α,β-unsaturated reactive 4-hydroxyalkenals that avidly form covalent adducts with nucleophilic moieties in proteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have linked the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE) to different pathological and cytotoxic processes. Similarly, two other members of the family, 4-hydroxyl-2E-hexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2E,6Z-dodecadienal (4-HDDE), have also been identified as potential cytotoxic agents. It has been suggested that 4-HNE-induced modifications in macromolecules in cells may alter their cellular functions and modify signaling properties. Yet, it has also been acknowledged that these bioactive aldehydes also function as signaling molecules that directly modify cell functions in a hormetic fashion to enable cells adapt to various stressful stimuli. Recent studies have shown that 4-HNE and 4-HDDE, which activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in vascular endothelial cells and insulin secreting beta cells, promote such adaptive responses to ameliorate detrimental effects of high glucose and diabetes-like conditions. In addition, due to the electrophilic nature of these reactive aldehydes they form covalent adducts with electronegative moieties in proteins, phosphatidylethanolamine and nucleotides. Normally these non-enzymatic modifications are maintained below the cytotoxic range due to efficient cellular neutralization processes of 4-hydroxyalkenals. The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). This review describes the hormetic and cytotoxic roles of oxygen free radicals and 4-hydroxyalkenals in beta cells exposed to nutritional challenges and the cellular mechanisms they employ to maintain their level at functional range below the cytotoxic threshold.
Collapse
|
41
|
Coenzyme Q biosynthesis and its role in the respiratory chain structure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1073-1078. [PMID: 26970214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a unique electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is synthesized on-site by a nuclear encoded multiprotein complex. CoQ receives electrons from different redox pathways, mainly NADH and FADH2 from tricarboxylic acid pathway, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that support key aspects of the metabolism. Here we explore some lines of evidence supporting the idea of the interaction of CoQ with the respiratory chain complexes, contributing to their superassembly, including respirasome, and its role in reactive oxygen species production in the mitochondrial inner membrane. We also review the current knowledge about the involvement of mitochondrial genome defects and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase mutations in the induction of secondary CoQ deficiency. This mechanism would imply specific interactions coupling CoQ itself or the CoQ-biosynthetic apparatus with the respiratory chain components. These interactions would regulate mitochondrial CoQ steady-state levels and function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fragaki K, Chaussenot A, Benoist JF, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Bannwarth S, Rouzier C, Cochaud C, Paquis-Flucklinger V. Coenzyme Q10 defects may be associated with a deficiency of Q10-independent mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Biol Res 2016; 49:4. [PMID: 26742794 PMCID: PMC4705639 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone) deficiency can be due either to mutations in genes involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway, or to mutations in genes unrelated to CoQ10 biosynthesis. CoQ10 defect is the only oxidative phosphorylation disorder that can be clinically improved after oral CoQ10 supplementation. Thus, early diagnosis, first evoked by mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) spectrophotometric analysis, then confirmed by direct measurement of CoQ10 levels, is of critical importance to prevent irreversible damage in organs such as the kidney and the central nervous system. It is widely reported that CoQ10 deficient patients present decreased quinone-dependent activities (segments I + III or G3P + III and II + III) while MRC activities of complexes I, II, III, IV and V are normal. We previously suggested that CoQ10 defect may be associated with a deficiency of CoQ10-independent MRC complexes. The aim of this study was to verify this hypothesis in order to improve the diagnosis of this disease. RESULTS To determine whether CoQ10 defect could be associated with MRC deficiency, we quantified CoQ10 by LC-MSMS in a cohort of 18 patients presenting CoQ10-dependent deficiency associated with MRC defect. We found decreased levels of CoQ10 in eight patients out of 18 (45 %), thus confirming CoQ10 disease. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that CoQ10 defect can be associated with MRC deficiency. This could be of major importance in clinical practice for the diagnosis of a disease that can be improved by CoQ10 supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Fragaki
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| | | | - Samira Ait-El-Mkadem
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| | - Sylvie Bannwarth
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| | - Charlotte Cochaud
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France.
| | - Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger
- School of Medicine, IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 28 av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cascajo MV, Abdelmohsen K, Noh JH, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Willers IM, Brea G, López-Lluch G, Valenzuela-Villatoro M, Cuezva JM, Gorospe M, Siendones E, Navas P. RNA-binding proteins regulate cell respiration and coenzyme Q biosynthesis by post-transcriptional regulation of COQ7. RNA Biol 2015; 13:622-34. [PMID: 26690054 PMCID: PMC7609068 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain carrying electrons from complexes I and II to complex III and it is an intrinsic component of the respirasome. CoQ concentration is highly regulated in cells in order to adapt the metabolism of the cell to challenges of nutrient availability and stress stimuli. At least 10 proteins have been shown to be required for CoQ biosynthesis in a multi-peptide complex and COQ7 is a central regulatory factor of this pathway. We found that the first 765 bp of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of COQ7 mRNA contains cis-acting elements of interaction with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) HuR and hnRNP C1/C2. Binding of hnRNP C1/C2 to COQ7 mRNA was found to require the presence of HuR, and hnRNP C1/C2 silencing appeared to stabilize COQ7 mRNA modestly. By contrast, lowering HuR levels by silencing or depriving cells of serum destabilized and reduced the half-life of COQ7 mRNA, thereby reducing COQ7 protein and CoQ biosynthesis rate. Accordingly, HuR knockdown decreased oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial production of ATP, and increased lactate levels. Taken together, our results indicate that a reduction in COQ7 mRNA levels by HuR depletion causes mitochondrial dysfunction and a switch toward an enhanced aerobic glycolysis, the characteristic phenotype exhibited by primary deficiency of CoQ10. Thus HuR contributes to efficient oxidative phosphorylation by regulating of CoQ10 biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María V Cascajo
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Imke M Willers
- c Departamento de Biología Molecular , Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM) and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
| | - Gloria Brea
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Marina Valenzuela-Villatoro
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- c Departamento de Biología Molecular , Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM) and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Emilio Siendones
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Atorvastatin improves Y-maze learning behaviour in nicotine treated male albino rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
45
|
Yubero D, Montero R, Ramos M, Neergheen V, Navas P, Artuch R, Hargreaves I. Determination of urinary coenzyme Q10 by HPLC with electrochemical detection: Reference values for a paediatric population. Biofactors 2015; 41:424-30. [PMID: 26768296 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kidney dysfunction is being increasingly associated with mitochondrial diseases and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency. The assessment of CoQ status requires the biochemical determination of CoQ in biological fluids and different cell types, but no methods have been developed as yet for the analysis of CoQ in excretory systems. The aim of this study was to standardize a new procedure for urinary CoQ determination and to establish reference values for a paediatric population. Urinary CoQ was analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Reference values (n = 43) were stratified into two age groups (2-10 years: range 24-109 nmol CoQ/gram of pellet protein; 11-17 years: range 43-139 nmol CoQ/gram of pellet protein). In conclusion, urinary CoQ analysis is a noninvasive, reliable, and reproducible method to determine urinary tract CoQ status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dèlia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Sant Joan De Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Sant Joan De Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ramos
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Sant Joan De Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viruna Neergheen
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Plácido Navas
- Cellular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Centro Andaluz De Biología Del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo De Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Sant Joan De Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mitochondrial responsibility in ageing process: innocent, suspect or guilty. Biogerontology 2015; 16:599-620. [PMID: 26105157 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by the accumulation of damaged molecules in cells due to the injury produced by external and internal stressors. Among them, reactive oxygen species produced by cell metabolism, inflammation or other enzymatic processes are considered key factors. However, later research has demonstrated that a general mitochondrial dysfunction affecting electron transport chain activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, apoptosis, etc., seems to be in a central position to explain ageing. This key role is based on several effects from mitochondrial-derived ROS production to the essential maintenance of balanced metabolic activities in old organisms. Several studies have demonstrated caloric restriction, exercise or bioactive compounds mainly found in plants, are able to affect the activity and turnover of mitochondria by increasing biogenesis and mitophagy, especially in postmitotic tissues. Then, it seems that mitochondria are in the centre of metabolic procedures to be modified to lengthen life- or health-span. In this review we show the importance of mitochondria to explain the ageing process in different models or organisms (e.g. yeast, worm, fruitfly and mice). We discuss if the cause of aging is dependent on mitochondrial dysfunction of if the mitochondrial changes observed with age are a consequence of events taking place outside the mitochondrial compartment.
Collapse
|
47
|
Desbats MA, Vetro A, Limongelli I, Lunardi G, Casarin A, Doimo M, Spinazzi M, Angelini C, Cenacchi G, Burlina A, Rodriguez Hernandez MA, Chiandetti L, Clementi M, Trevisson E, Navas P, Zuffardi O, Salviati L. Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency presenting as fatal neonatal multiorgan failure. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1254-8. [PMID: 25564041 PMCID: PMC4430297 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, with manifestations that may range from fatal neonatal multisystem failure, to adult-onset encephalopathy. We report a patient who presented at birth with severe lactic acidosis, proteinuria, dicarboxylic aciduria, and hepatic insufficiency. She also had dilation of left ventricle on echocardiography. Her neurological condition rapidly worsened and despite aggressive care she died at 23 h of life. Muscle histology displayed lipid accumulation. Electron microscopy showed markedly swollen mitochondria with fragmented cristae. Respiratory-chain enzymatic assays showed a reduction of combined activities of complex I+III and II+III with normal activities of isolated complexes. The defect was confirmed in fibroblasts, where it could be rescued by supplementing the culture medium with 10 μM coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 levels were reduced (28% of controls) in these cells. We performed exome sequencing and focused the analysis on genes involved in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. The patient harbored a homozygous c.545T>G, p.(Met182Arg) alteration in COQ2, which was validated by functional complementation in yeast. In this case the biochemical and morphological features were essential to direct the genetic diagnosis. The parents had another pregnancy after the biochemical diagnosis was established, but before the identification of the genetic defect. Because of the potentially high recurrence risk, and given the importance of early CoQ10 supplementation, we decided to treat with CoQ10 the newborn child pending the results of the biochemical assays. Clinicians should consider a similar management in siblings of patients with CoQ10 deficiency without a genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrea Desbats
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivan Limongelli
- 1] Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giada Lunardi
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Casarin
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Mara Doimo
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Corrado Angelini
- 1] Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Radiological and Histocytopathological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Metabolic Disorders Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Angeles Rodriguez Hernandez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Universidad Pablo Olavide, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lino Chiandetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Universidad Pablo Olavide, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy [2] Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- 1] Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Desbats MA, Lunardi G, Doimo M, Trevisson E, Salviati L. Genetic bases and clinical manifestations of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:145-56. [PMID: 25091424 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) is a remarkable lipid involved in many cellular processes such as energy production through the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC), beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and pyrimidine biosynthesis, but it is also one of the main cellular antioxidants. Its biosynthesis is still incompletely characterized and requires at least 15 genes. Mutations in eight of them (PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ4, COQ6, ADCK3, ADCK4, and COQ9) cause primary CoQ(10) deficiency, a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable age of onset (from birth to the seventh decade) and associated clinical phenotypes, ranging from a fatal multisystem disease to isolated steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) or isolated central nervous system disease. The pathogenesis is complex and related to the different functions of CoQ(10). It involves defective ATP production and oxidative stress, but also an impairment of pyrimidine biosynthesis and increased apoptosis. CoQ(10) deficiency can also be observed in patients with defects unrelated to CoQ(10) biosynthesis, such as RC defects, multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and ataxia and oculomotor apraxia.Patients with both primary and secondary deficiencies benefit from high-dose oral supplementation with CoQ(10). In primary forms treatment can stop the progression of both SRNS and encephalopathy, hence the critical importance of a prompt diagnosis. Treatment may be beneficial also for secondary forms, although with less striking results.In this review we will focus on CoQ(10) biosynthesis in humans, on the genetic defects and the specific clinical phenotypes associated with CoQ(10) deficiency, and on the diagnostic strategies for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone, is a powerful, endogenously produced, intracellularly existing lipophilic antioxidant. It combats reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to be responsible for a variety of human pathological conditions. Its target site is the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of each cell. In case of deficiency and/or aging, CoQ10 oral supplementation is warranted. However, CoQ10 has low oral bioavailability due to its lipophilic nature, large molecular weight, regional differences in its gastrointestinal permeability and involvement of multitransporters. Intracellular delivery and mitochondrial target ability issues pose additional hurdles. To maximize CoQ10 delivery to its biopharmaceutical target, numerous approaches have been undertaken. The review summaries the current research on CoQ10 bioavailability and highlights the headways to obtain a satisfactory intracellular and targeted mitochondrial delivery. Unresolved questions and research gaps were identified to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of therapeutic agents for treatment of different pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Zaki
- a Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morales CR, Grigoryeva LS, Pan X, Bruno L, Hickson G, Ngo MH, McMaster CR, Samuels ME, Pshezhetsky AV. Mitochondrial damage and cholesterol storage in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with silencing of UBIAD1 gene expression. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:407-411. [PMID: 27896114 PMCID: PMC5121353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the UBIAD1 gene cause Schnyder corneal dystrophy characterized by abnormal cholesterol and phospholipid deposits in the cornea. Ubiad1 protein was recently identified as Golgi prenyltransferase responsible for biosynthesis of vitamin K2 and CoQ10, a key protein in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Our study shows that silencing UBIAD1 in cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells causes dramatic morphological changes and cholesterol storage in the mitochondria, emphasizing an important role of UBIAD1 in mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Xuefang Pan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bruno
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael H Ngo
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Mark E Samuels
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|