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The anxiolytic drug opipramol inhibits insulin-induced lipogenesis in fat cells and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00950-8. [PMID: 36821072 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant drug opipramol has been reported to exert antilipolytic effect in human adipocytes, suggesting that alongside its neuropharmacological properties, this agent might modulate lipid utilization by peripheral tissues. However, patients treated for depression or anxiety disorders by this tricyclic compound do not exhibit the body weight gain or the glucose tolerance alterations observed with various other antidepressant or antipsychotic agents such as amitriptyline and olanzapine, respectively. To examine whether opipramol reproduces or impairs other actions of insulin, its direct effects on glucose transport, lipogenesis and lipolysis were investigated in adipocytes while its influence on insulin secretion was studied in pancreatic islets. In mouse and rat adipocytes, opipramol did not activate triglyceride breakdown, but partially inhibited the lipolytic action of isoprenaline or forskolin, especially in the 10-100 μM range. At 100 μM, opipramol also inhibited the glucose incorporation into lipids without limiting the glucose transport in mouse adipocytes. In pancreatic islets, opipramol acutely impaired the stimulation of insulin secretion by various activators (high glucose, high potassium, forskolin...). Similar inhibitory effects were observed in mouse and rat pancreatic islets and were reproduced with 100 μM haloperidol, in a manner that was independent from alpha2-adrenoceptor activation but sensitive to Ca2+ release. All these results indicated that the anxiolytic drug opipramol is not only active in central nervous system but also in multiple peripheral tissues and endocrine organs. Due to its capacity to modulate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, opipramol deserves further studies in order to explore its therapeutic potential for the treatment of obese and diabetic states.
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Carpéné C, Les F, Mercader J, Gomez-Zorita S, Grolleau JL, Boulet N, Fontaine J, Iglesias-Osma MC, Garcia-Barrado MJ. Opipramol Inhibits Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes without Altering Glucose Uptake and Differently from Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Drugs with Adverse Effects on Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030041. [PMID: 32151075 PMCID: PMC7151722 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with several antipsychotic drugs exhibits a tendency to induce weight gain and diabetic complications. The proposed mechanisms by which the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine increases body weight include central dysregulations leading to hyperphagia and direct peripheral impairment of fat cell lipolysis. Several investigations have reproduced in vitro direct actions of antipsychotics on rodent adipocytes, cultured preadipocytes, or human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. However, to our knowledge, no such direct action has been described in human mature adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to compare in human adipocytes the putative direct alterations of lipolysis by antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, ziprazidone, risperidone), antidepressants (pargyline, phenelzine), or anxiolytics (opipramol). Lipolytic responses to the tested drugs, and to recognized lipolytic (e.g., isoprenaline) or antilipolytic agents (e.g., insulin) were determined, together with glucose transport and amine oxidase activities in abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from individuals undergoing plastic surgery. None of the tested drugs were lipolytic. Surprisingly, only opipramol exhibited substantial antilipolytic properties in the micromolar to millimolar range. An opipramol antilipolytic effect was evident against isoprenaline-, forskolin-, or atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis. Opipramol did not impair insulin activation of glucose transport but inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to the same extent as antidepressants recognized as MAO inhibitors (pargyline, harmine, or phenelzine), whereas antipsychotics were inefficient. Considering its unique properties, opipramol, which is not associated with weight gain in treated patients, is a good candidate for drug repurposing because it limits exaggerated lipolysis, prevents hydrogen peroxide release by amine oxidases in adipocytes, and is thereby of potential use to limit lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, two deleterious complications of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josep Mercader
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Saioa Gomez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain;
| | | | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Mari Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.I.-O.); (M.J.G.-B.)
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria José Garcia-Barrado
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.I.-O.); (M.J.G.-B.)
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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