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Psychosocial and Pharmacological Approaches for Improving Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in People With Severe Schizophrenia: A 10-Year Follow-up. J Psychiatr Pract 2021; 27:417-426. [PMID: 34768264 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the psychosocial and pharmacological approaches linked to better treatment adherence and outcomes (psychiatric hospitalizations, clinical severity, and suicide attempts) among patients with schizophrenia receiving the standard treatment in mental health units (MHUs) compared with patients in a community-based, case-managed program (CMP). An observational, prospective (10 y) study was conducted involving patients with severe schizophrenia (N=688). The treatment adherence of patients in the CMP was higher than among those in the MHUs (12.2% vs. 84.3% abandoning treatment; P<0.0001). Hospital admissions and suicide attempts were significantly lower among those treated in the CMP than among those receiving standard care in the MHUs (P<0.001). Scores on the clinical severity scale decreased significantly more in the group in the CMP than in the group in the MHUs (P<0.005). Treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication was closely linked with higher treatment retention (P<0.001) and fewer hospital admissions and suicide attempts compared with treatment with oral antipsychotics in both patient groups, with the effect greater in the group in the CMP (P<0.001). We highlight how patients with severe schizophrenia treated in a CMP with integrated treatment showed a higher retention rate, fewer psychiatric hospital admissions and suicide attempts, and less clinical severity compared with those receiving standard treatment in MHUs. Treatment with long-acting antipsychotics was also clearly related to these outcomes. A combination of intensive case-managed integrated treatment and treatment with long-acting antipsychotic medication facilitated the achievement of clinical and rehabilitation goals in patients with schizophrenia with severe symptoms and impairment compared with standard care and treatment with oral antipsychotics.
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Coura CPDM, Fragoso VMDS, Valdez ECN, Paulino ET, Silva D, Cortez CM. Study on the interaction of three classical drugs used in psychiatry in albumin through spectrofluorimetric modeling. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119638. [PMID: 33780894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of haloperidol (HPD), biperiden (BPD) and clonazepam (CNZ) interactions with human and bovine serum albumin was performed based on fluorescence quenching analysis. We used mathematical modeling comparing spectrofluorimetric data to obtain information on the possibility of competition among three drugs by sites binding. Results showed that the three drugs studied have high affinity for albumin and suggest the existence of two site classes in HSA for HPD and only one class for BPD and CNZ, in the range of concentrations tested for each drug. Among them, only HPD forms complex with HSA. Comparing normalized quenching plots suggested that the primary sites in HSA and BSA for HPD and CNZ are located at subdomain IB, whereas BPD would bind in the subdomain IIA. Considering the competition for binding sites in HSA, titrations of HPD-HSA complex by BPD and CNZ, as well as the titration of HSA solution containing CNZ titrated by BPD, show that although the three drugs do not compete with each other for binding sites, their interaction with HSA can cause conformational change in the protein, and to increase or decrease the accessibility to binding sites for other drug. This may mean alteration in the free plasma drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Muniz da Silva Fragoso
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Erica Tex Paulino
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Dilson Silva
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Av. Manoel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro 20550-171, Brazil; Department of Applied Mathematics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro 20559-900, Brazil.
| | - Célia Martins Cortez
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Av. Manoel de Abreu, 444, Rio de Janeiro 20550-171, Brazil; Department of Applied Mathematics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro 20559-900, Brazil.
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Yang P, Li L, Xia S, Zhou B, Zhu Y, Zhou G, Tu E, Huang T, Huang H, Li F. Effect of Clozapine on Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis With Psychiatric Symptoms: A Series of Three Cases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:315. [PMID: 31024238 PMCID: PMC6465601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main clinical manifestations of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis are acute or subacute seizures, cognition impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Nowadays, the scheme of antipsychotic therapy for this disease has not been established. This study reports three cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms. The anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were positive. The psychiatric symptoms still existed after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment; thus, clozapine was used for antipsychotic therapy. Case 1 was a 37-year-old man who suffered from bad mood and suicide behaviors for 1 month. Hallucination and delusion still existed after IVIG treatment and hormone therapy, and the symptoms were relieved when given clozapine for 12 months. Case 2 was a 28-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital due to injuring other people and destructive behaviors for 2 days. He showed irritability, bad temper, declined cognition, and severe delusion of persecution after IVIG treatment and hormone therapy, but the psychiatric symptoms disappeared when given clozapine for 3 months. Case 3 was a 23-year-old man who suffered from headache and babbing for 7 days. Symptoms such as irritability, bad temper, babbing, and injuring other people still existed after IVIG treatment and hormone therapy, but they disappeared when given clozapine for 2 months. Therefore, we suggest that during the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms, if the anti-NMDAR antibodies in CSF and serum were positive, and psychiatric symptoms could not be controlled after IVIG and hormone therapy, clozapine may work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoya Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Erwen Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tianhao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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López-Muñoz F, Tracy DK, Povedano-Montero FJ, Breedvelt J, García-Pacios J, Fernández-Martín MP, Rubio G, Álamo C. Trends in the scientific literature on atypical antipsychotic drugs in the United Kingdom: a bibliometric study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2019; 9:2045125318820207. [PMID: 30800284 PMCID: PMC6378637 DOI: 10.1177/2045125318820207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A bibliometric study was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications on atypical antipsychotic drugs (AADs) from the United Kingdom and the findings are presented herein. METHODS We selected the documents from the Scopus database. We applied several production and dispersion bibliometric indicators, including Price's law on the growth of the scientific literature, and Bradford's law. We also calculated a so-called 'participation index' across different countries. The bibliometric data were thereafter correlated with social and health data from the UK, including total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure. RESULTS A total of 4156 original manuscripts were published within the timeframe 1967-2015. Our results are in accord with Price's law, with scientific output demonstrating exponential growth (r = 0.9227, as against an r = 0.8766 after adjustment). The drugs most widely evaluated were clozapine (465 documents), olanzapine (263) and risperidone (248). Stratification into Bradford zones produced a nucleus represented by the Journal of Psychopharmacology (168 articles) and British Journal of Psychiatry (159 articles). A total of 1250 different journals were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Publications on AADs in the UK have shown exponential growth across the studied period, which is in line with the progressively burgeoning novel AAD releases. No evidence of a saturation point was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, C/ Alarcón 49, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain Neuropsychophar-macology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences (INPP), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek K. Tracy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
- Oxleas National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, UK
| | - F. Javier Povedano-Montero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, European University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier García-Pacios
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid and Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Rubio
- Neuropsychophar-macology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain Department of Psychiatry, ‘Doce de Octubre’ University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Álamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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López-Muñoz F, Shen WW, D'Ocon P, Romero A, Álamo C. A History of the Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2143. [PMID: 30041458 PMCID: PMC6073684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the authors review the history of the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder, from the first nonspecific sedative agents introduced in the 19th and early 20th century, such as solanaceae alkaloids, bromides and barbiturates, to John Cade's experiments with lithium and the beginning of the so-called "Psychopharmacological Revolution" in the 1950s. We also describe the clinical studies and development processes, enabling the therapeutic introduction of pharmacological agents currently available for the treatment of bipolar disorder in its different phases and manifestations. Those drugs include lithium salts, valproic acid, carbamazepine, new antiepileptic drugs, basically lamotrigine and atypical antipsychotic agents (olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, asenapine, cariprazine and lurasidone). Finally, the socio-sanitary implications derived from the clinical introduction of these drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences (INPP), Portucalense University, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Winston W Shen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center and School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 111 Hsin Long Road Section 3, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Pilar D'Ocon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cecilio Álamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Crta. de Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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López-Muñoz F, Povedano-Montero FJ, Chee KY, Shen WW, Fernández-Martín P, García-Pacios J, Rubio G, Álamo C. A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Production on Second-Generation Anti-Psychotic Drugs in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:40-55. [PMID: 30899186 PMCID: PMC6422559 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We carried out a bibliometric study on the scientific papers related to second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) in Malaysia. METHODS With the SCOPUS database, we selected those documents made in Malaysia whose title included descriptors related to SGAs. We applied bibliometric indicators of production and dispersion, as Price's law and Bradford's law, respectively. We also calculated the participation index of the different countries. The bibliometric data were also been correlated with some social and health data from Malaysia (total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on R&D). RESULTS We found 105 original documents published between 2004 and 2016. Our results fulfilled Price's law, with scientific production on SGAs showing exponential growth (r = 0.401, vs. r = 0.260 after linear adjustment). The drugs most studied are olanzapine (9 documents), clozapine (7), and risperidone (7). Division into Bradford zones yields a nucleus occupied by the Medical Journal of Malaysia, Singapore Medical Journal, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, and Pharmacogenomics. Totally, 63 different journals were used, but only one in the top four journals had an impact factor being greater than 3. CONCLUSION The publications on SGAs in Malaysia have undergone exponential growth, without evidence a saturation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences (INPP), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Povedano-Montero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health, European University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Kok-Yoon Chee
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neuroscience, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Winston W Shen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center and School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Javier García-Pacios
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid and Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, “Doce de Octubre” University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Álamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Moritz S, Klein JP, Desler T, Lill H, Gallinat J, Schneider BC. Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Are we making mountains out of molehills? Psychol Med 2017; 47:2602-2612. [PMID: 28485257 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most original studies and all meta-analyses conducted to date converge on the conclusion that patients with schizophrenia display rather generalized neurocognitive deficits. For the present study, we reopen this seemingly closed chapter and examine whether important influences, such as lack of motivation and negative attitudes towards cognitive assessment, result in poorer secondary neuropsychological performance. METHOD A sample of 50 patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia were tested for routine neurocognitive assessment and compared to 60 nonclinical volunteers. Before and after the assessment, subjective momentary influences were examined (e.g. motivation, concerns about assessment, fear about poor outcome) for their impact on performance using a new questionnaire called the Momentary Influences, Attitudes and Motivation Impact (MIAMI) on Cognitive Performance Scale. RESULTS As expected, patients performed significantly worse than controls on all neurocognitive domains tested (large effect size, on average). However, patients also displayed more subjective momentary impairment, as well as more fears about the outcome and less motivation than controls. Mediation analyses indicated that these influences contributed to (secondary) poorer neurocognitive performance. Differences in neurocognitive scores shrank to a medium effect size, on average, when MIAMI scores were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS The data argue that performance on measures of neurocognition in schizophrenia are to a considerable extent due to secondary factors. Poor motivation, fears and momentary impairments distinguished patients from controls and these variables heavily impacted performance. Before concluding that neurocognitive deficits in psychiatric patients are present, clinicians should take these confounding influences into account. Although patients with schizophrenia achieved, on average, worse test scores than controls, a large subgroup displayed spared performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany
| | - J P Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Lübeck University,Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck,Germany
| | - T Desler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany
| | - H Lill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany
| | - B C Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf,Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg,Germany
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Kaczor AA, Silva AG, Loza MI, Kolb P, Castro M, Poso A. Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Dopamine D2Receptor Ligands as Potential Antipsychotics. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:718-29. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division for Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 4A Chodźki St. 20059 Lublin Poland
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Andrea G. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María I. Loza
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Marián Castro
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of Internal Medicine I; Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology; Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Fragoso VMDS, Hoppe LY, de Araújo-Jorge TC, de Azevedo MJ, Campos JDDS, Cortez CM, de Oliveira GM. Use of haloperidol and risperidone in highly aggressive Swiss Webster mice by applying the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA). Behav Brain Res 2015; 301:110-8. [PMID: 26698401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is defined as the act in which an individual intentionally harms or injures another of their own species. Antipsychotics are a form of treatment used in psychiatric routine. They have been used for decades in treatment of patients with aggressive behavior. Haloperidol and risperidone promote the control of psychiatric symptoms, through their respective mechanisms of action. Experimental models are obtained by behavioral, genetic, and pharmacological manipulations, and use a reduced number of animals. In this context, we applied the model of spontaneous aggression (MSA), originating the presence of highly aggressive mice (AgR) when reassembled in adulthood. We administered haloperidol and risperidone in escalating doses, for ten consecutive days. Using positive and negative control groups, we evaluated the effectiveness of these drugs and the reversal of the aggressive behavior, performing the tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) on 10th day of treatment and 10 days after its discontinuation. The results showed that both antipsychotic drugs were effective in AgR and reversed the aggressive phenotype, reducing the number of attacks by AgR and the extent of lesions in the subordinate mice (AgD) exposed to the pattern of aggressive behavior (PAB) of the aggressors. This conclusion is based on the reduction in the animals' motor and exploratory activity, and on the reversal of patterns of aggressive behavior. The association between the MSA and experiments with other therapeutic protocols and different antipsychotics can be an important methodology in the study of aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Muniz da Silva Fragoso
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luanda Yanaan Hoppe
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Cremonini de Araújo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcos José de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jerônimo Diego de Souza Campos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Célia Martins Cortez
- Applied Mathematics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20559-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pharmacological treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:567-78. [PMID: 25895634 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of negative symptoms is one of the most important unmet needs in schizophrenic disorders. Because the evidence on current psychopharmacological treatments is unclear, the authors reviewed the findings published to date by searching PubMed with the keywords negative symptoms, antipsychotics, antidepressants, glutamatergic compounds, monotherapy and add-on therapy and identifying additional articles in the reference lists of the resulting publications. The findings presented here predominantly focus on results of meta-analyses. Evidence for efficacy of current psychopharmacological medications is difficult to assess because of methodological problems and inconsistent results. In general, the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) do not appear to have good efficacy in negative symptoms, although some show better efficacy than first-generation antipsychotics, some of which also demonstrated efficacy in negative symptoms. Specific trials on predominant persistent negative symptoms are rare and have been performed with only a few SGAs. More often, trials on somewhat persistent negative symptoms evaluate add-on strategies to ongoing antipsychotic treatment. Such trials, mostly on modern antidepressants, have demonstrated some efficacy. Several trials with small samples have evaluated add-on treatment with glutamatergic compounds, such as the naturally occurring amino acids glycine and D-serine and new pharmacological compounds. The results are highly inconsistent, although overall efficacy results appear to be positive. The unsatisfactory and inconsistent results can be partially explained by methodological problems. These problems need to be solved in the future, and the authors propose some possible solutions. Further research is required to identify effective treatment for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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López-Muñoz F, Sanz-Fuentenebro J, Rubio G, García-García P, Álamo C. Quo Vadis Clozapine? A Bibliometric Study of 45 Years of Research in International Context. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23012-34. [PMID: 26404263 PMCID: PMC4613349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160923012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have carried out a bibliometric study about the international scientific publications on clozapine. We have used the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, and we applied bibliometric indicators of production, as Price's Law on the increase of scientific literature. We also calculated the participation index (PI) of the different countries. The bibliometric data have also been correlated with some social and health data from the 12 most productive countries in biomedicine and health sciences. In addition, 5607 original documents dealing with clozapine, published between 1970 and 2013, were downloaded. Our results state non-fulfilment of Price's Law, with scientific production on clozapine showing linear growth (r=0.8691, vs. r=0.8478 after exponential adjustment). Seven of the 12 journals with the highest numbers of publications on clozapine have an Impact Factor>2. Among the countries generating clozapine research, the most prominent is the USA (PI=24.32), followed by the UK (PI=6.27) and Germany (PI=5.40). The differences among countries on clozapine research are significantly related to economic variables linked to research. The scientific interest in clozapine remains remarkable, although after the application of bibliometric indicators of production, a saturation point is evident in the growth of scientific literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, C/Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario-C/19, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, Avda. Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Javier Sanz-Fuentenebro
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, Avda. Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Avda. Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, Avda. Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Avda. Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Networks for Cooperative Research in Health (RETICS-Addictive Disorder Network), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), MICINN and FEDER, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-García
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario-C/19, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cecilio Álamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Pharmacology Area), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Campus Universitario-C/19, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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Strzelecki D, Szyburska J, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Kałużyńska O. Hypomania after augmenting venlafaxine and olanzapine with sarcosine in a patient with schizophrenia: a case study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:533-6. [PMID: 25784808 PMCID: PMC4356443 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s75734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system plays an important and well-established role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Agents with glutamatergic properties such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor coagonists (ie, glycine, D-cycloserine) and glycine transporter type 1 inhibitors (eg, sarcosine, bitopertin) are investigated in schizophrenia with special focus on negative and cognitive symptomatology. In this article, we describe a case of a 34-year-old woman with diagnosis of schizophrenia with persistent moderate negative and cognitive symptoms, a participant of the Polish Sarcosine Study (PULSAR) treated with olanzapine (25 mg per day) and venlafaxine (75 mg per day). During ten weeks of sarcosine administration (2 g per day) the patient's activity and mood improved, but in the following 2 weeks, the patient reported decreased need for sleep, elevated mood, libido and general activity. We diagnosed drug-induced hypomania and recommended decreasing the daily dose of venlafaxine to 37.5 mg per day, which resulted in normalization of mood and activity in about 1 week. After this change, activity and mood remained stable and better than before adding sarcosine, and subsequent depressive symptoms were not noted. We describe here the second case report where sarcosine induced important affect changes when added to antidepressive and antipsychotic treatment, which supports the hypothesis of clinically important glutamate-serotonin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Justyna Szyburska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Olga Kałużyńska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, Łódź, Poland
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Santoro ML, Ota VK, Stilhano RS, Silva PN, Santos CM, Diana MC, Gadelha A, Bressan RA, Melaragno MI, Han SW, Abílio VC, Belangero SI. Effect of antipsychotic drugs on gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Schizophr Res 2014; 157:163-8. [PMID: 24893910 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are the standard treatment for schizophrenia. The therapeutic effect of these drugs is dependent upon the dopaminergic D2 blockade, but they also modulate other neurotransmitter pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the clinical response to APDs are not fully understood. In this study, we compared three groups of animals for the expression of 84 neurotransmitter genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Each group was treated with a different APD (risperidone, clozapine or haloperidol), and with a non-treated group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which is an animal model for schizophrenia. This study also explored whether or not differential expression was regulated by DNA methylation in the promoter region (PR). In the clozapine group, we found that Chrng was downregulated in the NAcc and six genes were downregulated in the PFC. In the haloperidol group, Brs3 and Glra1 were downregulated, as was Drd2 in the clozapine group and Drd3, Galr3 and Gabrr1 in the clozapine and haloperidol groups. We also encountered four hypermethylated CG sites in the Glra1 PR, as well as three in the risperidone group and another in the haloperidol group, when compared to non-treated rats. Following the APD treatment, the gene expression results revealed the involvement of genes that had not previously been described, in addition to the activity of established genes. The investigation of the involvement of these novel genes can lead to better understanding about the specific mechanisms of action of the individual APDs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Biophysics and Investigation Center for Gene Therapy, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Mirassol 207, CEP:04044-010, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Natália Silva
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurício Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cepollaro Diana
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics and Investigation Center for Gene Therapy, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Mirassol 207, CEP:04044-010, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP: 04039032, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Lab of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil.
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López-Muñoz F, Shen WW, Shinfuku N, Pae CU, Castle DJ, Chung AK, Sim K, Álamo C. A Bibliometric Study on Second-generation Antipsychotic Drugs in the Asia–Pacific Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecm.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Strzelecki D, Szyburska J, Rabe-Jabłońska J. Two grams of sarcosine in schizophrenia - is it too much? A potential role of glutamate-serotonin interaction. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:263-6. [PMID: 24523591 PMCID: PMC3921092 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s54024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, glutamatergic agents such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor co-agonists (ie, glycine, D-cycloserine) and glycine transporter type 1 inhibitors (eg, sarcosine) are studied for their efficacy in ameliorating negative and cognitive symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia. We report the case of a 23-year-old schizophrenic patient treated with quetiapine and citalopram, who was offered concomitant sarcosine treatment. After obtaining an informed consent, we started administration of 2 g of sarcosine per day to treat persistent negative and cognitive symptoms. The patient's activity and mood improved within 2 weeks, but in the following 2 weeks the patient reported increased drive, activity, libido, unpleasant inner tension, and irritability. We ruled out hypomania and decided to decrease the daily dose of sarcosine to 1 g, which resulted in reduction of drive and irritability. Activity and mood improved compared with his state before adding sarcosine. We suggest a sarcosine dose between 1 g and 2 g per day with an initial dose of 2 g, but if side effects occur, the dose should be decreased to 1 g per day. We would like to emphasize the clinically important glutamate-serotonin interaction during concomitant use of sarcosine, citalopram, and quetiapine in our patient, which may lead to serious discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Justyna Szyburska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of ŁódŸ, ŁódŸ, Poland
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López-Muñoz F, Sim K, Shen WW, Huelves L, Moreno R, Molina JDD, Rubio G, Noriega C, Pérez-Nieto MÁ, Alamo C. A bibliometric study of scientific research conducted on second-generation antipsychotic drugs in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2014; 55:24-33. [PMID: 24452974 PMCID: PMC4291907 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2014006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A bibliometric study was carried out to ascertain the volume and impact of scientific literature published on second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) in Singapore from 1997 to 2011. METHODS A search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was performed to identify articles originating from Singapore that included the descriptors 'atypic* antipsychotic*', 'second-generation antipsychotic*', 'clozapine', 'risperidone', 'olanzapine', 'ziprasidone', 'quetiapine', 'sertindole', 'aripiprazole', 'paliperidone', 'amisulpride', 'zotepine', 'asenapine', 'iloperidone', 'lurasidone', 'perospirone' and 'blonanserin' in the article titles. Certain bibliometric indicators of production and dispersion (e.g. Price's Law on the increase of scientific literature, and Bradford's Law) were applied, and the participation index of various countries was calculated. The bibliometric data was also correlated with some social and health data from Singapore, such as the total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on research and development. RESULTS From 1997 to 2011, a total of 51 articles on SGAs in Singapore were published. Our results suggested non-fulfilment of Price's Law (r = 0.0648 after exponential adjustment vs. r = 0.2140 after linear adjustment). The most widely studied drugs were clozapine (21 articles), risperidone (16 articles) and olanzapine (8 articles). Division into Bradford zones yielded a nucleus occupied by the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (6 articles) and the Singapore Medical Journal(4 articles). The analysed material was published in a total of 30 journals, with the majority from six journals. Four of these six journals have an impact factor greater than 2. CONCLUSION Publications on SGAs in Singapore are still too few to confirm an exponential growth of scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, C/ Castillo de Alarcón, 49, Urb Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain.
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Menniti FS, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Pandit J, Zagouras P, Volkmann RA. Allosteric modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia: targeting glutamatergic networks. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 13:26-54. [PMID: 23409764 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611313010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating mental disorder which afflicts approximately 1% of the global population. Cognitive and negative deficits account for the lifelong disability associated with schizophrenia, whose symptoms are not effectively addressed by current treatments. New medicines are needed to treat these aspects of the disease. Neurodevelopmental, neuropathological, genetic, and behavioral pharmacological data indicate that schizophrenia stems from a dysfunction of glutamate synaptic transmission, particularly in frontal cortical networks. A number of novel pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms affecting glutamatergic synaptic transmission have emerged as viable targets for schizophrenia. While developing orthosteric glutamatergic agents for these targets has proven extremely difficult, targeting allosteric sites of these targets has emerged as a promising alternative. From a medicinal chemistry perspective, allosteric sites provide an opportunity of finding agents with better drug-like properties and greater target specificity. Furthermore, allosteric modulators are better suited to maintaining the highly precise temporal and spatial aspects of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Herein, we review neuropathological and genomic/genetic evidence underscoring the importance of glutamate synaptic dysfunction in the etiology of schizophrenia and make a case for allosteric targets for therapeutic intervention. We review progress in identifying allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, all with the aim of restoring physiological glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Challenges remain given the complexity of schizophrenia and the difficulty in studying cognition in animals and humans. Nonetheless, important compounds have emerged from these efforts and promising preclinical and variable clinical validation has been achieved.
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Pathmanandavel K, Starling J, Dale RC, Brilot F. Autoantibodies and the immune hypothesis in psychotic brain diseases: challenges and perspectives. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:257184. [PMID: 24062775 PMCID: PMC3766578 DOI: 10.1155/2013/257184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psychosis is poorly understood, with both the cognitive and cellular changes of the disease process remaining mysterious. There is a growing body of evidence that points to dysfunction of the immune system in a subgroup of patients with psychosis. Recently, autoantibodies directed against neuronal cell surface targets have been identified in a range of syndromes that feature psychosis. Of interest is the detection of autoantibodies in patients whose presentations are purely psychiatric, such as those suffering from schizophrenia. Autoantibodies have been identified in a minority of patients, suggesting that antibody-associated mechanisms of psychiatric disease likely only account for a subgroup of cases. Recent work has been based on the application of cell-based assays-a paradigm whose strength lies in the expression of putative antigens in their natural conformation on the surface of live cells. The responsiveness of some of these newly described clinical syndromes to immune therapy supports the hypothesis that antibody-associated mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic disease. However, further investigation is required to establish the scope and significance of antibody pathology in psychosis. The identification of a subgroup of patients with antibody-mediated disease would promise more effective approaches to the treatment of these high-morbidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jean Starling
- The Walker Unit, Concord Centre for Mental Health, Concord West, NSW 2138, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Cioffi CL. Modulation of NMDA receptor function as a treatment for schizophrenia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5034-44. [PMID: 23916256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that afflicts nearly 1% of the world's population. Currently available antipsychotics treat positive symptoms, but are largely ineffective at addressing negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, improved pharmacotherapies that treat all aspects of the disease remain a critical unmet need. There is mounting evidence that links NMDA receptor hypofunction and the expression of schizophrenia, and numerous drug discovery programs have developed agents that directly or indirectly potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Several compounds have emerged that show promise for treating all symptom sub-domains in both preclinical models and clinical studies, and we will review recent developments in many of these areas.
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López-Muñoz F, Shen WW, Pae CU, Moreno R, Rubio G, Molina JD, Noriega C, Pérez-Nieto MA, Huelves L, Álamo C. Trends in scientific literature on atypical antipsychotics in South Korea: a bibliometric study. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:8-16. [PMID: 23482954 PMCID: PMC3590435 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have carried out a bibliometric study on the scientific publications in relation to atypical or second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) in South Korea. METHODS With the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, we selected those publications made in South Korea whose title included the descriptors atypic(*) (atypical(*)) antipsychotic(*), second-generation antipsychotic(*), clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, sertindole, aripiprazole, paliperidone, amisulpride, zotepine, asenapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, perospirone and blonanserin. We applied some bibliometric indicators of paper production and dispersion with Price's law and Bradford's law, respectively. We also calculated the participation index (PI) of the different countries, and correlated the bibliometric data with some social and health data from Korea (such as total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on research and development). RESULTS We collected 326 original papers published between 1993 and 2011. Our results state fulfilment of fulfilled Price's law, with scientific production on SGAs showing exponential growth (correlation coefficient r=0.8978, as against an r=0.8149 after linear adjustment). The most widely studied drugs were risperidone (91 papers), aripiprazole (77), olanzapine (53), and clozapine (43). Division into Bradford zones yielded a nucleus occupied by the Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (36 articles). A total of 86 different journals were published, with 4 of the first 10 used journals having an impact factor being greater than 4. CONCLUSION The publications on SGAs in South Korea have undergone exponential growth over the studied period, without evidence of reaching a saturation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Winston W. Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center and School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raquel Moreno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Department of Psychiatry, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D. Molina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
- Acute Inpatients Unit, Dr. R. Lafora Psychiatric Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Noriega
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Huelves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Álamo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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New insights into pharmacological profile of LASSBio-579, a multi-target N-phenylpiperazine derivative active on animal models of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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López-Muñoz F, Shinfuku N, Shen WW, Moreno R, Molina JD, Rubio G, Huelves L, Noriega C, Pérez-Nieto MA, Álamo C. Thirty years of scientific research on second-generation antipsychotic drugs in Japan: A bibliometric analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.31004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kreys TJ. Editorial-the future of psychotropics: Did santa forget about mental illness? Ment Health Clin 2012. [DOI: 10.9740/mhc.n129045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany-Jade Kreys
- 1Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Incarnate Word, Feik School of Pharmacy, San Antonio, Texas
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Functional analysis of a novel positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors derived from a structure-based drug design strategy. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:45-52. [PMID: 22735771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors facilitate synaptic plasticity and can improve various forms of learning and memory. These modulators show promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and mental depression. Three classes of positive modulator, the benzamides, the thiadiazides, and the biarylsulfonamides differentially occupy a solvent accessible binding pocket at the interface between the two subunits that form the AMPA receptor ligand-binding pocket. Here, we describe the electrophysiological properties of a new chemotype derived from a structure-based drug design strategy (SBDD), which makes similar receptor interactions compared to previously reported classes of modulator. This pyrazole amide derivative, JAMI1001A, with a promising developability profile, efficaciously modulates AMPA receptor deactivation and desensitization of both flip and flop receptor isoforms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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Kreys TJ. Positive about the future of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Ment Health Clin 2011. [DOI: 10.9740/mhc.n89525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany-Jade Kreys
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Incarnate Word, Feik School of Pharmacy, San Antonio, Texas
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