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Weiner SP, Vasquez C, Song S, Zhao K, Ali O, Rosenkilde D, Froemke RC, Carr KD. Sex difference in the effect of environmental enrichment on food restriction-induced persistence of cocaine conditioned place preference and mechanistic underpinnings. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 10:100142. [PMID: 38323217 PMCID: PMC10843874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Psychosocial and environmental factors, including loss of natural reward, contribute to the risk of drug abuse. Reward loss has been modeled in animals by removal from social or sexual contact, transfer from enriched to impoverished housing, or restriction of food. We previously showed that food restriction increases the unconditioned rewarding effects of abused drugs and the conditioned incentive effects of drug-paired environments. Mechanistic studies provided evidence of decreased basal dopamine (DA) transmission, adaptive upregulation of signaling downstream of D1 DA receptor stimulation, synaptic upscaling and incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings align with the still evolving 'reward deficiency' hypothesis of drug abuse. The present study tested whether a compound natural reward that is known to increase DA utilization, environmental enrichment, would prevent the persistent expression of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) otherwise observed in food restricted rats, along with the mechanistic underpinnings. Because nearly all prior investigations of both food restriction and environmental enrichment effects on cocaine CPP were conducted in male rodents, both sexes were included in the present study. Results indicate that environmental enrichment curtailed the persistence of CPP expression, decreased signaling downstream of the D1R, and decreased the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in NAc MSNs of food restricted male, but not female, rats. The failure of environmental enrichment to significantly decrease food restriction-induced synaptic insertion of CP-AMPARs, and how this may accord with previous pharmacological findings that blockade of CP-AMPARs reverses behavioral effects of food restriction is discussed. In addition, it is speculated that estrous cycle-dependent fluctuations in DA release, receptor density and MSN excitability may obscure the effect of increased DA signaling during environmental enrichment, thereby interfering with development of the cellular and behavioral effects that enrichment produced in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney P. Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Carolina Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Soomin Song
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Kaiyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Omar Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Danielle Rosenkilde
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Robert C. Froemke
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Saito A, Murata H, Niitani K, Nagasaki J, Otoda A, Chujo Y, Yanagida J, Nishitani N, Deyama S, Kaneda K. Social defeat stress enhances the rewarding effects of cocaine through α 1A adrenoceptors in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109757. [PMID: 37839511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Various stressors potentiate the rewarding effects of cocaine and contribute to cocaine cravings. However, it remains unclear whether psychosocial stress enhances the rewarding effects of cocaine. Accordingly, this study employed a cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm combined with social defeat (SD) exposure to investigate the effects of acute SD stress on cocaine reward in male mice. We found that SD stress immediately before the posttest significantly increased cocaine CPP, and systemic blockade of α1 adrenoceptors, but not β adrenoceptors, suppressed this increase. Fiber photometry recordings with GRABNE1m sensors revealed increased noradrenaline (NA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in test mice in response to attacks by aggressor mice during SD. Moreover, the SD stress-induced enhancement of CPP was effectively suppressed by intra-mPFC infusion of an α1 adrenoceptor antagonist. In vitro whole-cell recordings demonstrated that silodosin, an α1A, but not α1B or α1D, adrenoceptor antagonist, inhibited NA-induced depolarizing currents and facilitation of excitatory synaptic transmissions. Consistently, intra-mPFC silodosin infusion significantly suppressed the SD stress-induced CPP enhancement. Conversely, intra-mPFC infusion of α1A adrenoceptor agonist augmented cocaine CPP in the absence of stress exposure. Additionally, intranasal silodosin administration attenuated the SD stress-induced enhancement of CPP, and chemogenetic inhibition of mPFC excitatory neurons also suppressed the SD stress-induced CPP enhancement. Together, these findings suggest that NA stimulation of α1A adrenoceptors and the subsequent activation of mPFC pyramidal cells may contribute to SD stress-induced amplification of the rewarding effects of cocaine, and intranasal silodosin administration may hold therapeutic potential for mitigating stress-associated cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruka Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Niitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Junpei Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsuki Otoda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Chujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Junko Yanagida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Briânis RC, Iglesias LP, Bedeschi LG, Moreira FA. Effects of cannabidiol on reward contextual memories induced by cocaine in male and female mice. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37968964 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid, may reduce addiction-related behaviours for various drug classes in rodents, including ethanol, opiates, and psychostimulants. CBD modulates contextual memories and responses to reward stimuli. Nonetheless, research on the impact of CBD on cocaine addiction-like behaviors is limited and requires further clarification. This study tested the hypothesis that CBD administration inhibits the acquisition and retrieval of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult male and female C57BL6/J mice. We also ought to characterise a 5-day CPP protocol in these animals. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered CBD (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) 30 minutes before cocaine (15 mg/kg) acquisition of expression of CPP. RESULTS Cocaine induces a CPP in both female and male mice in the 5-day CPP protocol. CBD failed to prevent the acquisition or retrieval of place preference induced by cocaine. CBD did not decrease the time spent on the side paired with cocaine at any of the doses tested in male and female mice, in either acquisition or expression of contextual memory. CONCLUSION This study found no support for the hypothesis that CBD decreases reward memory involved in the formation of cocaine addiction. Further research is necessary to investigate the involvement of CBD in other behavioural responses to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. This study, however, characterised a 5-day CPP protocol for both female and male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa C Briânis
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Bedeschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Matsumura K, Nicot A, Choi IB, Asokan M, Le NN, Natividad LA, Dobbs LK. Endogenous opioid system modulates conditioned cocaine reward in a sex-dependent manner. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13328. [PMID: 37753570 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behaviour and can incite cocaine seeking and taking. This type of conditioned behaviour is encoded within striatal circuits, and these circuits and behaviours are, in part, regulated by opioid peptides and receptors expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. We previously showed that augmenting levels of the opioid peptide enkephalin in the striatum facilitates acquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), while opioid receptor antagonists attenuate expression of cocaine CPP. However, whether striatal enkephalin is necessary for acquisition of cocaine CPP and maintenance during extinction remains unknown. To address this, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of enkephalin from dopamine D2-receptor expressing medium spiny neurons and tested them in a cocaine CPP paradigm. Low striatal enkephalin levels did not attenuate acquisition of CPP. However, expression of preference, assessed after acute administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, was blocked in females, regardless of genotype. When saline was paired with the cocaine context during extinction sessions, females, regardless of genotype, extinguished preference faster than males, and this was prevented by naloxone when paired with the cocaine context. We conclude that while striatal enkephalin is not necessary for acquisition, expression, or extinction of cocaine CPP, expression and extinction of cocaine preference in females is mediated by an opioid peptide other than striatal enkephalin. The unique sensitivity of females to opioid antagonists suggests sex should be a consideration when using these compounds in the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Matsumura
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amélia Nicot
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - In Bae Choi
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Meera Asokan
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan N Le
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren K Dobbs
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Chapp AD, Nwakama CA, Thomas MJ, Meisel RL, Mermelstein PG. Sex Differences in Cocaine Sensitization Vary by Mouse Strain. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1167-1176. [PMID: 37040721 DOI: 10.1159/000530591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical literature, frequently utilizing rats, suggests females display a more rapid advancement of substance abuse and a greater risk of relapse following drug abstinence. In clinical populations, it is less clear as to what extent biological sex is a defining variable in the acquisition and maintenance of substance use. Even without considering environmental experiences, genetic factors are presumed to critically influence the vulnerability to addiction. Genetically diverse mouse models provide a robust tool to examine the interactions between genetic background and sex differences in substance abuse. METHODS We explored mouse strain variability in male versus female behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Locomotor sensitization was observed following 5 consecutive days of subcutaneous cocaine across three genetically different mice strains: C57BL/6J, B6129SF2/J, and Diversity Outbred (DO/J). RESULTS Sex differences in cocaine locomotor sensitization were dependent on mouse strain. Specifically, we observed opposing sex differences in locomotor sensitization, with male C57BL/6J and female B6129SF2/J mice displaying heightened activity compared to their opposite sex counterparts. Conversely, no sex differences were observed in the DO/J mice. Acute cocaine administration resulted in locomotor differences across strains in male, but not female, mice. The magnitude of sensitization (or lack thereof) also varied by genetic background. CONCLUSIONS While sex differences in drug addiction may be observed, these effects can be mitigated, or even reversed, depending on genetic background. The clinical implications are that in the absence of understanding the genetic variables underlying vulnerability to addiction, sex provides little information regarding the predisposition of an individual to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chapp
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chinonso A Nwakama
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L Meisel
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience and Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Dos Santos MB, de Oliveira Guarnieri L, Lunardi P, Schenatto Pereira G. On the effect of social cue valence in contextual memory persistence. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114398. [PMID: 36966939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Social cues are valuable sensorial stimuli to the acquisition and retrieval of contextual memories. Here, we asked whether the valence of social cues would impact the formation of contextual memories. Adult male C57/BL6 mice were exposed to either conditioned place preference (CPP) or avoidance (CPA). As positive stimuli we used social interaction with a female (IF), while interaction with a male CD1 mice (IM) was used as negative stimulus. Contextual memory was tested 24 h and 7 days after conditioning. Aggressive behavior of CD1, as well as interaction with the female were quantified along the conditioning sessions. IM, but not IF, was salient enough to induce contextual memory estimated by the difference between the time in the conditioned context during test and habituation. Next, we chose two odors with innate behavioral responses and opposite valence to narrow down the sociability to one of its sensorial sources of information - the olfaction. We used urine from females in proestrus (U) and 2,4,5-trimethyl thiazoline (TMT), a predator odor. TMT decreased and U increased the time in the conditioned context during the test performed 24 h and 7 days after conditioning. Taken together, our results suggest that contextual memories conditioned to social encounters are difficult to stablish in mice, specially the one with positive valence. On the other hand, using odors with ecological relevance is a promising strategy to study long-term contextual memories with opposite valences. Ultimately, the behavioral protocol proposed here offers the advantage of studying contextual memories with opposite valences using unconditioned stimulus from the same sensorial category such as olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Barbosa Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Guarnieri
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro de Tecnologia e Pesquisa em Magneto Ressonância, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Lunardi
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Grace Schenatto Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Murphy SC, Godenzini L, Guzulaitis R, Lawrence AJ, Palmer LM. Cocaine regulates sensory filtering in cortical pyramidal neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112122. [PMID: 36790932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cocaine leads to robust changes in the structure and function of neurons within the mesocorticolimbic pathway. However, little is known about how cocaine influences the processing of information within the sensory cortex. We address this by using patch-clamp and juxtacellular voltage recordings and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in vivo to investigate the influence of acute cocaine exposure on layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Here, cocaine dampens membrane potential state transitions and decreases spontaneous somatic action potentials and Ca2+ transients. In contrast to the uniform decrease in background spontaneous activity, cocaine has a heterogeneous influence on sensory encoding, increasing tactile-evoked responses in dendrites that do not typically encode sensory information and decreasing responses in those dendrites that are more reliable sensory encoders. Combined, these findings suggest that cocaine acts as a filter that suppresses background noise to selectively modulate incoming sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Murphy
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luca Godenzini
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Robertas Guzulaitis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lucy M Palmer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Matsumura K, Choi IB, Asokan M, Le NN, Natividad L, Dobbs LK. Striatal enkephalin supports maintenance of conditioned cocaine reward during extinction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36865224 PMCID: PMC9980085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behavior and can incite drug seeking and taking. This association and the behavioral output are encoded within striatal circuits, and regulation of these circuits by G-protein coupled receptors affects cocaine-related behaviors. Here, we investigated how opioid peptides and G-protein coupled opioid receptors expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) regulate conditioned cocaine seeking. Augmenting levels of the opioid peptide enkephalin in the striatum facilitates acquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). In contrast, opioid receptor antagonists attenuate cocaine CPP and facilitate extinction of alcohol CPP. However, whether striatal enkephalin is necessary for acquisition of cocaine CPP and maintenance during extinction remains unknown. We generated mice with a targeted deletion of enkephalin from dopamine D2-receptor expressing MSNs (D2-PenkKO) and tested them for cocaine CPP. Low striatal enkephalin levels did not attenuate acquisition or expression of CPP; however, D2-PenkKOs showed faster extinction of cocaine CPP. Single administration of the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone prior to preference testing blocked expression of CPP selectively in females, but equally between genotypes. Repeated administration of naloxone during extinction did not facilitate extinction of cocaine CPP for either genotype, but rather prevented extinction in D2-PenkKO mice. We conclude that while striatal enkephalin is not necessary for acquisition of cocaine reward, it maintains the learned association between cocaine and its predictive cues during extinction learning. Further, sex and pre-existing low striatal enkephalin levels may be important considerations for use of naloxone in treating cocaine use disorder.
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Damuka N, Martin TJ, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Martin CW, Miller M, Whitlow CT, Nader MA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Initial Evaluations of the Microtubule-Based PET Radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827 in a Rodent Model of Cocaine Abuse. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817274. [PMID: 35295607 PMCID: PMC8918945 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeMicrotubules (MTs) are structural units made of α and β tubulin subunits in the cytoskeleton responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms—critical for healthy brain function. Chronic cocaine exposure affects the function, organization, and stability of MTs in the brain, thereby impairing overall neurochemical and cognitive processes. At present, we have no reliable, non-invasive methods to image MTs for cocaine use disorder (CUD). Recently we reported the effect of cocaine in patient-derived neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Here we report preliminary results of a potential imaging biomarker of CUD using the brain penetrant MT-based radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827, in an established rodent model of cocaine self-administration (SA).MethodsCell uptake studies were performed with [11C]MPC-6827 in SH-SY5Y cells, treated with or without cocaine (n = 6/group) at 30 and 60 min incubations. MicroPET/CT brain scans were performed in rats at baseline and 35 days after cocaine self-administration and compared with saline-treated rats as controls (n = 4/sex). Whole-body post-PET biodistribution, plasma metabolite assay, and brain autoradiography were performed in the same rats from imaging.ResultsCocaine-treated SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated a ∼26(±4)% decrease in radioactive uptake compared to non-treated controls. Both microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution results showed lower (∼35 ± 3%) [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake in rats that had a history of cocaine self-administration compared to the saline-treated controls. Plasma metabolite assays demonstrate the stability (≥95%) of the radiotracer in both groups. In vitro autoradiography also demonstrated lower radioactive uptake in cocaine rats compared to the control rats. [11C]MPC-6827’s in vitro SH-SY5Y neuronal cell uptake, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and in vitro autoradiography results corroborated well with each other, demonstrating decreased radioactive brain uptake in cocaine self-administered rats versus controls. There were no significant differences either in cocaine intake or in [11C]MPC-6827 uptake between the male and female rats.ConclusionsThis project is the first to validate in vivo imaging of the MT-associations with CUD in a rodent model. Our initial observations suggest that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake decreases in cocaine self-administered rats and that it may selectively bind to destabilized tubulin units in the brain. Further longitudinal studies correlating cocaine intake with [11C]MPC-6827 PET brain measures could potentially establish the MT scaffold as an imaging biomarker for CUD, providing researchers and clinicians with a sensitive tool to better understand the biological underpinnings of CUD and tailor new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Conner W. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai,
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Askari N, Mousavi A, Vaez-Mahdavi MR. Maternal deprivation effect on morphine-induced CPP is related to changes in Opioid receptors in selected rat brain regions (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens). Behav Processes 2022; 197:104607. [PMID: 35218881 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early-life environmental conditions affect offspring's development. Maternal deprivation (MD) can induce persistent changes that give rise to neuropsychiatric diseases including substance abuse disorders. However, long-lasting mechanisms that determine vulnerability to drug addiction remain unknown. We hypothesized that MD could induce changes in Opioid system, HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis, and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), so may be involved in the drug abuse in later life. Male offspring of Wistar rats (n=8 per group) were subjected to 3h of daily MD during postnatal days 1-14. In adulthood, morphine-induced CPP (conditioned place preference) was investigated using two doses of morphine (3 and 5mg/kg). Serum corticosterone level was measured by ELISA method. The expression level of genes in selected brain regions (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens) was determined by qPCR (quantitative PCR). A greater morphine-induced CPP was observed in MD rats with 3 and 5mg/kg morphine compared to controls. MD group had a higher corticosterone level. A significant decrease was observed in the expression of BDNF gene (in all of the selected brain regions) and GR (glucocorticoid receptor) gene (in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens) in MD rats. Also, a significant increase in the expression of μ Opioid receptor (in all of the selected brain regions) and κ Opioid receptor (in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens) was observed in MD rats. Our results suggest that MD induces alterations in the HPA axis function, BDNF level, and Opioid receptors system that enhance vulnerability to morphine at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayere Askari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I.R. Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
| | - Ali Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I.R. Iran
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11
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Peart DR, Andrade AK, Logan CN, Knackstedt LA, Murray JE. Regulation of Cocaine-related Behaviors by Estrogen and Progesterone. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Singh PK, Lutfy K. The Role of Beta-Endorphin in Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Its Extinction, and Reinstatement in Male and Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:763336. [PMID: 34955777 PMCID: PMC8702804 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.763336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous opioids have been implicated in cocaine reward. However, the role of each opioid peptide in this regard is unknown. Notably, the role of each peptide in extinction and reinstatement is not fully characterized. Thus, we assessed whether cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and its extinction and reinstatement would be altered in the absence of beta-endorphin. We also examined if sex-related differences would exist in these processes. Male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin and their respective controls were tested for baseline place preference on day 1. On day 2, mice were treated with saline/cocaine (15 mg/kg) and confined to the vehicle- or drug-paired chamber for 30 min, respectively. In the afternoon, mice were treated with the alternate treatment and confined to the opposite chamber. Mice were then tested for CPP on day 3. Mice then received additional conditioning on this day as well as on day 4. Mice were then tested for CPP on day 5. Mice then received extinction training on day 9. On day 10, mice were tested for extinction and then reinstatement of CPP following a priming dose of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg). Male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin did not exhibit CPP following single conditioning with cocaine. On the other hand, only male mice lacking beta-endorphin failed to show CPP after repeated conditioning. Nonetheless, reinstatement of CPP was blunted in both male and female mice lacking beta-endorphin compared to controls. The present results suggest that beta-endorphin plays a functional role in cocaine-induced CPP and its reinstatement, and sex-related differences exist in the regulatory action of beta-endorphin on the acquisition but not reinstatement of cocaine CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prableen K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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13
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Yates JR, Horchar MJ, Kappesser JL, Broderick MR, Ellis AL, Wright MR. The association between risky decision making and cocaine conditioned place preference is moderated by sex. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109079. [PMID: 34600260 PMCID: PMC8595855 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive risk taking is a characteristic trait of several psychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. High risk-taking (HiR) rats self-administer more cocaine compared to low risk-taking (LoR) rats. However, research has not determined if risk taking is associated with enhanced cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Male and female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 48 each sex) were first tested in the risky decision task (RDT), in which a response on one lever resulted in safe delivery of one food pellet, and a response on a different lever resulted in delivery of two pellets and probabilistic delivery of foot shock. Following RDT training, rats were tested for cocaine CPP. The first session was a pretest that measured rats' preference for three compartments that provided different visual and tactile cues. Rats then learned to associate one compartment with cocaine (either 10.0 mg/kg or 20.0 mg/kg; i.p.) and one compartment with saline (1.0 ml/kg; i.p.) across eight conditioning sessions. Finally, rats explored all three compartments in a drug-free state. RESULTS Sex significantly moderated the association between risky decision making and cocaine CPP. While increased risk aversion was somewhat positively associated with cocaine CPP in males, increased risk taking was positively correlated with cocaine CPP in females. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the moderating role of sex on the relationship between risky decision making and cocaine reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Yates
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Matthew J. Horchar
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Joy L. Kappesser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Maria R. Broderick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Alexis L. Ellis
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Makayla R. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
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Hillhouse TM, Olson KM, Hallahan JE, Rysztak LG, Sears BF, Meurice C, Ostovar M, Koppenhaver PO, West JL, Jutkiewicz EM, Husbands SM, Traynor JR. The Buprenorphine Analogue BU10119 Attenuates Drug-Primed and Stress-Induced Cocaine Reinstatement in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:287-299. [PMID: 34183434 PMCID: PMC11047085 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for cocaine use disorder, including relapse. The μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) partial agonist buprenorphine alone or in combination with naltrexone has been shown to reduce cocaine-positive urine tests and cocaine seeking in rodents. However, there are concerns over the abuse liability of buprenorphine. Buprenorphine's partial agonist and antagonist activity at the nociception receptor (NOPr) and κ-opioid receptor (KOPr), respectively, may contribute to its ability to inhibit cocaine seeking. Thus, we hypothesized that a buprenorphine derivative that exhibits antagonist activity at MOPr and KOPr with enhanced agonist activity at the NOPr could provide a more effective treatment. Here we compare the pharmacology of buprenorphine and two analogs, BU10119 and BU12004, in assays for antinociception and for cocaine- and stress-primed reinstatement in the conditioned place preference paradigm. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that BU10119 acts as an antagonist at MOPr, KOPr, and δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) and a partial agonist at NOPr, whereas BU12004 showed MOPr partial agonist activity and DOPr, KOPr, and NOPr antagonism. BU10119 and buprenorphine but not BU12004 lessened cocaine-primed reinstatement. In contrast, BU10119, BU12004, and buprenorphine blocked stress-primed reinstatement. The selective NOPr agonist SCH221510 but not naloxone decreased cocaine-primed reinstatement. Together, these findings are consistent with the concept that NOPr agonism contributes to the ability of BU10119 and buprenorphine to attenuate reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned place preference in mice. The findings support the development of buprenorphine analogs lacking MOPr agonism with increased NOPr agonism for relapse prevention to cocaine addiction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for cocaine use disorder. Buprenorphine has shown promise as a treatment for cocaine relapse prevention; however, there are concerns over the abuse liability of buprenorphine. Here we show a buprenorphine analogue, BU10119, which lacks μ-opioid receptor agonism and inhibits cocaine-primed and stress-primed reinstatement in a conditioned place-preference paradigm. The results suggest the development of BU10119 for the management of relapse to cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Keith M Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - James E Hallahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Lauren G Rysztak
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Bryan F Sears
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Claire Meurice
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Mehrnoosh Ostovar
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Peyton O Koppenhaver
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Joshua L West
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Emily M Jutkiewicz
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - Stephen M Husbands
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
| | - John R Traynor
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H., P.O.K.); Department of Pharmacology and Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.M.O., J.E.H., L.G.R., B.F.S., C.M., J.W., E.M.J., J.R.T.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (M.O., S.M.H.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.R.T.)
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Ródenas-González F, Blanco-Gandía MDC, Pascual M, Molari I, Guerri C, López JM, Rodríguez-Arias M. A limited and intermittent access to a high-fat diet modulates the effects of cocaine-induced reinstatement in the conditioned place preference in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2091-2103. [PMID: 33786639 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatable food and drugs of abuse activate common neurobiological pathways and numerous studies suggest that fat consumption increases vulnerability to drug abuse. In addition, preclinical reports show that palatable food may relieve craving for drugs, showing that an ad libitum access to a high-fat diet (HFD) can reduce cocaine-induced reinstatement. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a limited and intermittent exposure to HFD administered during the extinction and reinstatement processes of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Male and female mice underwent the 10 mg/kg cocaine CPP. From post-conditioning onwards, animals were divided into four groups: SD (standard diet); HFD-MWF with 2-h access to the HFD on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; HFD-24h, with 1-h access every day; and HFD-Ext with 1-h access to the HFD before each extinction session. RESULTS Our results showed that all HFD administrations blocked reinstatement in males, while only the HFD-MWF was able to inhibit reinstatement in females. In addition, HFD-Ext males needed fewer sessions to extinguish the preference, which suggests that administration of fat before being exposed to the environmental cues is effective to extinguish drug-related memories. HFD did not affect Oprμ gene expression but increased CB1r gene expression in the striatum in HFD-Ext males. CONCLUSIONS These results support that palatable food could act as an alternative reward to cocaine, accelerating extinction and blocking reinstatement, these effects being sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Pascual
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molari
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miñarro López
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Alsaab HO, Altowairqi E, Alzahrani N, Alzahrani R, Alshehri FS, Almalki AH, Alsanie WF, Gaber A, Alkhalifa T, Almalki A, Shah ZA, Althobaiti YS. Sex differences in pregabalin-seeking like behavior in a conditioned place preference paradigm. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1749-1755. [PMID: 33424265 PMCID: PMC7783229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug use regardless of negative consequences. Incremental increases in pregabalin abuse have been observed in Saudi Arabia and throughout the world. In previous studies, the potential for pregabalin abuse with escalating doses of the drug (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) were investigated in male mice. Notably, researchers have argued that women may exhibit a greater tendency to consume drugs without a prescription to alleviate stress and depression. Moreover, female subjects are more prone to impulsivity in drug intake or abuse than their male counterparts. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the potential for pregabalin abuse between male and female mice using a conditioned place preference paradigm. Male and female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups based on the pregabalin dose administered (30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Preference scores were then calculated and compared between male and female mice in each dosage group. Interestingly, preference scores were significantly higher in female mice than in male mice at dosages of 30 and 120 mg/kg. These findings indicate that female mice may be more prone to pregabalin abuse and tolerance than male mice. These results might be helpful to the healthcare providers and policymakers to consider these sex differences in choosing therapeutic plans and consider alternatives to the misused prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O. Alsaab
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal Altowairqi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alzahrani
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alzahrani
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratories, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alkhalifa
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almalki
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor A. Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Harp SJ, Martini M, Lynch WJ, Rissman EF. Sexual Differentiation and Substance Use: A Mini-Review. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa129. [PMID: 32761086 PMCID: PMC7438703 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The organizational/activational hypothesis suggests that gonadal steroid hormones like testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) are important at 2 different times during the lifespan when they perform 2 different functions. First steroids "organize" brain structures early in life and during puberty, and in adults these same hormones "activate" sexually dimorphic behaviors. This hypothesis has been tested and proven valid for a large number of behaviors (learning, memory, social, and sexual behaviors). Sex differences in drug addiction are well established both for humans and animal models. Previous research in this field has focused primarily on cocaine self-administration by rats. Traditionally, observed sex differences have been explained by the sex-specific concentrations of gonadal hormones present at the time of the drug-related behavior. Studies with gonadectomized rodents establishes an activational role for E2 that facilitates vulnerability in females, and when E2 is combined with progesterone, addiction is attenuated. Literature on organizational actions of steroids is sparse but predicts that T, after it is aromatized to E2, changes aspects of the neural reward system. Here we summarize these data and propose that sex chromosome complement also plays a role in determining sex-specific drug-taking behavior. Future research is needed to disentangle the effects of hormones and sex chromosome complement, and we propose the four core genotype mouse model as an effective tool for answering these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Harp
- Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mariangela Martini
- Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Wendy J Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Barbosa-Méndez S, Osorio-Santiago KL, Salazar-Juárez A. Mirtazapine reduces the expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in male and female Wistar rats. Horm Behav 2020; 125:104817. [PMID: 32682854 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have described that women are more vulnerable to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. In animals, the findings are similar: female rats show higher levels of cocaine self-administration and increased cocaine-induced locomotor activity. In contrast, women with depression respond better to treatment with antidepressants, however their therapeutic response to tetracyclic antidepressants is lower. Several studies have shown that mirtazapine-a tetracyclic antidepressant-decreases the behavioral effects of cocaine in male rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of daily dosing of mirtazapine on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization in naive female rats compared to male rats. METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were daily dosed with 10 mg/kg of cocaine. During extinction, cocaine was withdrawn and the groups received daily mirtazapine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. Tamoxifen was administered during the antagonism phase. After each administration, locomotor activity for each animal was recorded for 30 min in transparent Plexiglass activity chambers. RESULTS In this study, a higher cocaine locomotor response was found in females than in males and the mirtazapine was equally effective in decreasing cocaine-induced locomotor activity and the expression of locomotor sensitization in male and female rats. In addition, co-administration of mirtazapine and tamoxifen enhanced the efficacy of mirtazapine in female rats. CONCLUSION The results suggest that mirtazapine may be considered an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of cocaine use disorder in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barbosa-Méndez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370. Mexico
| | - Katya Lorena Osorio-Santiago
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370. Mexico
| | - Alberto Salazar-Juárez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Conductual, Microcirugía y Terapéutica Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México 14370. Mexico.
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Giacometti LL, Barker JM. Sex differences in the glutamate system: Implications for addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:157-168. [PMID: 32173404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research have identified sex differences in substance use and addiction-related behaviors. Historically, substance use disorders are more prevalent in men than women, though this gap is closing. Despite this difference, women appear to be more susceptible to the effects of many drugs and progress to substance abuse treatment more quickly than men. While the glutamate system is a key regulator of addiction-related behaviors, much of the work implicating glutamate signaling and glutamatergic circuits has been conducted in men and male rodents. An increasing number of studies have identified sex differences in drug-induced glutamate alterations as well as sex and estrous cycle differences in drug seeking behaviors. This review will describe sex differences in the glutamate system with an emphasis on implications for substance use disorders, highlighting the gaps in our current understanding of how innate and drug-induced alterations in the glutamate system may contribute to sex differences in addiction-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Giacometti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States.
| | - J M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States.
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Datta U, Schoenrock SE, Bubier JA, Bogue MA, Jentsch JD, Logan RW, Tarantino LM, Chesler EJ. Prospects for finding the mechanisms of sex differences in addiction with human and model organism genetic analysis. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12645. [PMID: 32012419 PMCID: PMC7060801 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence for sex differences in addiction epidemiology, addiction-relevant behaviors and associated neurobiological phenomena, the mechanisms and implications of these differences remain unknown. Genetic analysis in model organism is a potentially powerful and effective means of discovering the mechanisms that underlie sex differences in addiction. Human genetic studies are beginning to show precise risk variants that influence the mechanisms of addiction but typically lack sufficient power or neurobiological mechanistic access, particularly for the discovery of the mechanisms that underlie sex differences. Our thesis in this review is that genetic variation in model organisms are a promising approach that can complement these investigations to show the biological mechanisms that underlie sex differences in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Datta
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - Sarah E. Schoenrock
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - Molly A. Bogue
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - James D. Jentsch
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, PsychologyState University of New York at BinghamtonBinghamtonNew York
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Lisa M. Tarantino
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Elissa J. Chesler
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
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21
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Park HM, Satta R, Davis RG, Goo YA, LeDuc RD, Fellers RT, Greer JB, Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Tai R, Thomas PM, Sweedler JV, Kelleher NL, Patrie SM, Lasek AW. Multidimensional Top-Down Proteomics of Brain-Region-Specific Mouse Brain Proteoforms Responsive to Cocaine and Estradiol. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3999-4012. [PMID: 31550894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction afflicts nearly 1 million adults in the United States, and to date, there are no known treatments approved for this psychiatric condition. Women are particularly vulnerable to developing a cocaine use disorder and suffer from more serious cardiac consequences than men when using cocaine. Estrogen is one biological factor contributing to the increased risk for females to develop problematic cocaine use. Animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen (17β-estradiol or E2) enhances the rewarding properties of cocaine. Although E2 affects the dopamine system, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of E2-enhanced cocaine reward have not been characterized. In this study, quantitative top-down proteomics was used to measure intact proteins in specific regions of the female mouse brain after mice were trained for cocaine-conditioned place preference, a behavioral test of cocaine reward. Several proteoform changes occurred in the ventral tegmental area after combined cocaine and E2 treatments, with the most numerous proteoform alterations on myelin basic protein, indicating possible changes in white matter structure. There were also changes in histone H4, protein phosphatase inhibitors, cholecystokinin, and calmodulin proteoforms. These observations provide insight into estrogen signaling in the brain and may guide new approaches to treating women with cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Min Park
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Rosalba Satta
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Roderick G Davis
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Richard D LeDuc
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ryan T Fellers
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Joseph B Greer
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Rex Tai
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Paul M Thomas
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Steven M Patrie
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, and The Proteomics Center of Excellence , Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
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Aldhafiri A, Dodu JC, Alalawi A, Emadzadeh N, Soderstrom K. Delta-9-THC exposure during zebra finch sensorimotor vocal learning increases cocaine reinforcement in adulthood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 185:172764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nelson KH, Manke HN, Imanalieva A, Rice KC, Riley AL. Sex differences in α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)-induced taste avoidance, place preference, hyperthermia and locomotor activity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 185:172762. [PMID: 31445057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The majority of synthetic cathinone research has used only male subjects, and as a result there are few studies assessing the impact of biological sex on their effects. OBJECTIVES The current work extends the characterization of the second-generation synthetic cathinone, α-PVP, by investigating how biological sex impacts α-PVP's aversive and rewarding effects important to its use and potential abuse. METHODS A combined conditioned taste avoidance/conditioned place preference preparation was utilized in which adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 1.5, 3 or 6 mg/kg of racemic α-PVP or vehicle (saline) (IP). Following a 24-day washout period, rats were then tested for thermoregulatory effects of α-PVP using subcutaneous microchips to measure body temperature changes over the course of 8 h. This was followed 21 days later by assessments for α-PVP-induced locomotor activity and stereotypies over a 1-h session. RESULTS Dose-dependent conditioned taste avoidance was evident in both males and females, although females displayed weaker avoidance at 3 mg/kg compared to males. Males displayed a dose-dependent conditioned place preference, while females did not form a place preference at any dose. α-PVP elicited dose- and time-dependent hyperthermia, with males displaying a faster on-set and delayed off-set compared to females. α-PVP also produced dose- and time-dependent increases in locomotor activity (F > M) and stereotypies (M > F). CONCLUSIONS As described, males displayed greater rewarding (as indexed by place preference conditioning) and aversive (as indexed by taste avoidance, hyperthermia and stereotypies) effects of α-PVP. Although comparisons between males and females in α-PVP self-administration have not been reported, these data suggest that males may be more likely to use the drug. The implications for sex differences in human use of α-PVP were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H Nelson
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Hayley N Manke
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Aikerim Imanalieva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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24
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Azogu I, Cossette I, Mukunzi J, Ibeke O, Plamondon H. Sex-specific differences in adult cognition and neuroplasticity following repeated combinatory stress and TrkB receptor antagonism in adolescence. Horm Behav 2019; 113:21-37. [PMID: 30995444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its primary receptor tyrosine-related kinase B (TrkB) as targets in the treatment of mood disorders. This study characterized the impact of a 10-day combinatory stress paradigm (alternating days of restraint stress and forced swim) and administration of the selective TrkB antagonist ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) during adolescence in male and female Wistar rats on adulthood behavioral and neurochemical responses. The social interaction/preference (SIT/SP), and Y maze conditioned place preference (YMCPP) and passive avoidance tests (YMPAT), initiated on PND 62, served to determine sex-related behavioral responses. Results support reduced sociability in females in the SIT/SP, but no impact of ANA-12 to regulate sociability or social memory. Blockade of TrkB during adolescence facilitated YMCPP-related reward behavior in both sexes, and reduced YMPAT fear conditioning in females. Following behavioral testing, rats were exposed to 5-min acute forced swim and brains collected 2 h post swim to determine effects of adolescent TrkB blockade and stress exposure on neurochemical regulators of stress and plasticity. Findings show elevated glucocorticoid receptor (GR-) and TrkB-immunoreactivity (ir) in the amygdalar central nucleus, and GR-ir in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of females compared to males. In the hippocampal CA1, BDNF-ir was lower in females versus males, and GR-ir was elevated in stress versus non-stress males. Together, we demonstrate that inherent sex-specific differences, which may modulate impact of adolescence stress exposure and TrkB inhibition, differentially affect male and female adulthood behavior and biochemical response profiles, suggesting that these responses are in part conditioned by prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idu Azogu
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cossette
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joana Mukunzi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ogechi Ibeke
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Helene Plamondon
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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25
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Flores-Ramirez FJ, Garcia-Carachure I, Sanchez DO, Gonzalez C, Castillo SA, Arenivar MA, Themann A, Lira O, Rodriguez M, Preciado-Piña J, Iñiguez SD. Fluoxetine exposure in adolescent and adult female mice decreases cocaine and sucrose preference later in life. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:269881118805488. [PMID: 30334670 PMCID: PMC6472984 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118805488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence from male subjects indicates that exposure to psychotropic medications, during early development, results in long-lasting altered responses to reward-related stimuli. However, it is not known if exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine, in female subjects specifically, changes sensitivity to natural and drug rewards, later in life. AIMS The aim of this work was to investigate if exposure to fluoxetine mediates enduring changes in sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine and sucrose, using female mice as a model system. METHODS We exposed C57BL/6 female mice to fluoxetine (250 mg/L in their drinking water) for 15 consecutive days, either during adolescence (postnatal day 35-49) or adulthood (postnatal day 70-84). Twenty-one days later, mice were examined on their behavioral reactivity to cocaine (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) using the conditioned place preference paradigm, or assessed on the two-bottle sucrose (1%) test. RESULTS We found that regardless of age of antidepressant exposure, female mice pre-exposed to fluoxetine displayed reliable conditioning to the cocaine-paired compartment. However, when compared to respective age-matched controls, antidepressant pre-exposure decreased the magnitude of conditioning at the 5 and 7.5 mg/kg cocaine doses. Furthermore, fluoxetine pre-exposure reduced sucrose preference without altering total liquid intake. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that pre-exposure to fluoxetine, during adolescence or adulthood, results in a prolonged decrease in sensitivity to the rewarding properties of both natural and drug rewards in female C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David O Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Celene Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Samuel A Castillo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Miguel A Arenivar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | - Minerva Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
| | | | - Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
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26
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Rorabaugh BR, Rose MJ, Stoops TS, Stevens AA, Seeley SL, D'Souza MS. Regulators of G-protein signaling 2 and 4 differentially regulate cocaine-induced rewarding effects. Physiol Behav 2018; 195:9-19. [PMID: 30036561 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cocaine addiction due to the rise in cocaine abuse and deaths due to cocaine overdose. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins such as RGS2 and RGS4 are widely distributed in brain regions that play a role in drug reward. Importantly, RGS2 and RGS4 negatively regulate G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathways of monoaminergic neurotransmitters that play a role in the rewarding effects of cocaine by enhancing the rate of hydrolysis of Gα-bound guanine nucleotide triphosphate. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cocaine on conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity in mice that lacked either RGS2 or RGS4 (i.e. knockout (KO) mice) and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Moreover recent studies have reported influence of sex on RGS functioning and hence studies were conducted in both male and female mice. Cocaine-induced CPP was attenuated in male, but not female RGS4 KO mice compared to respective RGS4 WT mice. Cocaine-induced CPP was not influenced by deletion of RGS2 in either male or female mice. Similarly, cocaine-induced locomotor activity was not influenced by deletion of either RGS2 or RGS4 irrespective of sex. Together, the data indicate that the rewarding effects of cocaine were attenuated in the absence of RGS4 expression, but not in the absence of RGS2 expression in a sex-dependent manner. Importantly, these data suggest that RGS4 can serve as a potential target for medications that can be used to treat cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Madison J Rose
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Thorne S Stoops
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Allison A Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States.
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27
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Hilderbrand ER, Lasek AW. Estradiol enhances ethanol reward in female mice through activation of ERα and ERβ. Horm Behav 2018; 98:159-164. [PMID: 29305887 PMCID: PMC5829002 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) manifests differently in men and women, but little is known about sex differences in the brain's response to ethanol. It is known that the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) regulates voluntary ethanol consumption in female rodents. However, the role of E2 as a regulator of ethanol reward has not been investigated. In this study, we tested for the effects of E2 and agonists selective for the classical estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, on ethanol reward in ovariectomized (OVX) mice using the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. E2 enhanced ethanol CPP and, while specific activation of either receptor alone had no effect, co-activation of ERα and ERβ also enhanced ethanol CPP, suggesting that E2 enhances ethanol reward in female mice through actions at both ERα and ERβ. These results have implications for sex differences in the development of AUD, suggesting that women may find ethanol more rewarding than men because of higher circulating E2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Hilderbrand
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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28
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Satta R, Certa B, He D, Lasek AW. Estrogen Receptor β in the Nucleus Accumbens Regulates the Rewarding Properties of Cocaine in Female Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:382-392. [PMID: 29294029 PMCID: PMC5887286 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females are more vulnerable to developing cocaine addiction compared with males, a phenomenon that may be regulated by the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol. 17β-Estradiol enhances cocaine reward as measured by the conditioned place preference test. It is currently not known which estrogen receptor is involved or the neuroanatomical locations in which estrogen receptors act to enhance cocaine responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ regulate cocaine conditioned place preference in mice and whether they act in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critically involved in the development of cocaine abuse. METHODS Ovariectomized mice were treated with 17β-estradiol or agonists selective for ERα or ERβ and tested for cocaine conditioned place preference and for c-fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. Female mice with intact ovaries were also tested for cocaine conditioned place preference after RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ERα or ERβ in the nucleus accumbens. RESULTS We found that mice treated with 17β-estradiol or an ERβ agonist exhibited increased cocaine conditioned place preference, while knockdown of ERβ, but not ERα, in the nucleus accumbens of females with intact ovaries abrogated cocaine conditioned place preference. Acute treatment with 17β-estradiol or an ERβ agonist induced expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos in the nucleus accumbens, whereas the ERα agonist did not. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ERβ in the nucleus accumbens regulates the development of cocaine conditioned place preference in female mice. 17β-Estradiol may activate neurons in the nucleus accumbens via ERβ. We speculate that this might increase the saliency of cocaine cues that predict drug reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Satta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Briana Certa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,Correspondence: Amy W. Lasek, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, M/C 912, Chicago, IL 60612. ()
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29
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Riley AL, Hempel BJ, Clasen MM. Sex as a biological variable: Drug use and abuse. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:79-96. [PMID: 29030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior. The present review summarizes work from clinical and preclinical populations on sex differences in drug use and abuse, ranging from initiation to escalation/dysregulation and from drug cessation/abstinence to relapse. These differences are analyzed in the context of the addiction cycle conceptualization of Koob and his colleagues and address patterns of drug use (binge/intoxication), motivation underlying its use (withdrawal/negative affect) and likelihood and causes of craving and relapse of drug taking (preoccupation/anticipation). Following this overview, an assessment of the basis for the reported sex differences is discussed in the context of the affective (rewarding and aversive) properties of drugs of abuse and how such properties and their balance vary with sex and contribute to drug intake. Finally, the interaction of sex with several experiential (drug history) and subject (age) factors and how these interactions affect reward and aversion are discussed to highlight the importance of understanding such interactions in predicting drug use and abuse. We note that sex as a biological variable remains one of critical evaluation and that such investigations of sex differences in drug use and abuse continue and be expanded to assess all facets of their mediation, including these affective properties, how their balance may be impacted by the multiple conditions under which drugs are taken and how this overall balance affects drug use and addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Matthew M Clasen
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
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Runegaard AH, Jensen KL, Dencker D, Wörtwein G, Gether U. Subjective perception of cocaine reward in mice assessed by a single exposure place preference (sePP) paradigm. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 289:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dutton JW, Chen H, You C, Brodie MS, Lasek AW. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase regulates binge-like drinking and dopamine receptor sensitivity in the ventral tegmental area. Addict Biol 2017; 22:665-678. [PMID: 26752591 PMCID: PMC4940304 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase associated with alcohol dependence in humans and behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. To characterize the ability of ALK to control ethanol consumption, we treated mice with the ALK inhibitors TAE684 or alectinib before testing them for binge-like drinking using the drinking in the dark protocol. Mice treated with ALK inhibitors drank less ethanol than controls. In addition, TAE684 treatment abolished ethanol conditioned place preference, indicating that ALK regulates the rewarding properties of ethanol. Because the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key brain region involved in the rewarding effects of ethanol, we determined if Alk expression in the VTA is important for binge-like ethanol consumption. Mice expressing a short hairpin ribonucleic acid targeting Alk in the VTA drank less ethanol compared with controls. ALK is expressed on dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA, suggesting that ALK might regulate their firing properties. Extracellular recordings of putative DA neurons in VTA slices demonstrated that ALK inhibition did not affect the ability of ethanol to stimulate, or DA to inhibit, the firing of DA neurons. However, inhibiting ALK attenuated the time-dependent reversal of inhibition produced by moderate concentrations of DA, suggesting that ALK affects DA D2 autoreceptor (D2R) desensitization. Altered desensitization of the D2R changes the firing of DA neurons and is predicted to affect DA levels and alcohol drinking. These data support the possibility that ALK might be a novel target of pharmacotherapy for reducing excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Dutton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at
Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Chang You
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of
Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mark S. Brodie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of
Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Amy W. Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Thanos PK, Malave L, Delis F, Mangine P, Kane K, Grunseich A, Vitale M, Greengard P, Volkow ND. Knockout ofp11attenuates the acquisition and reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference in male but not in female mice. Synapse 2016; 70:293-301. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo; Buffalo New York
| | - Lauren Malave
- Department of Biology; City College of New York; New York New York
| | - Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - Paul Mangine
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo; Buffalo New York
| | - Katie Kane
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo; Buffalo New York
| | - Adam Grunseich
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo; Buffalo New York
| | - Melissa Vitale
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo; Buffalo New York
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience; the Rockefeller University; New York New York
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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Davis C, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter-Major JC, Kennedy JL. Sex differences in subjective and objective responses to a stimulant medication (methylphenidate): Comparisons between overweight/obese adults with and without binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:473-81. [PMID: 26691428 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in response to a single dose of a psychomotor-stimulant medication (methylphenidate: MP) and to assess whether expected differences were moderated by binge-eating disorder (BED) status. It is anticipated that findings will shed light on factors that contribute to response variation in the use of stimulant pharmacotherapy to treat BED. METHOD The study employed a double-blind, drug-placebo, cross-over design in overweight/obese adults with BED (n = 90) and without BED (n = 108). Emotional/mood ratings were assessed every 15 minutes after oral administration of the drug/placebo, and appetite, cravings, and consumption were assessed during a laboratory-based snack-food challenge. RESULTS Women reported earlier and more sustained "overall" effects of the drug-including "feeling high"-than the men. There was also a significantly greater suppression in appetite ratings, food cravings, and food consumption from the placebo to the drug condition among the women. Indeed, among men there were no significant differences between the two conditions on any of the food-related variables. BED status also did not moderate any of the drug-placebo differences. DISCUSSION These findings are relevant to the use of stimulant pharmacotherapy for BED, and raise the possibility that overweight/obese men may be relatively less responsive to this form of treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:473-481).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Davis
- Kinesiology & Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Sex differences in drug addiction and response to exercise intervention: From human to animal studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 40:24-41. [PMID: 26182835 PMCID: PMC4712120 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated research supports the idea that exercise could be an option of potential prevention and treatment for drug addiction. During the past few years, there has been increased interest in investigating of sex differences in exercise and drug addiction. This demonstrates that sex-specific exercise intervention strategies may be important for preventing and treating drug addiction in men and women. However, little is known about how and why sex differences are found when doing exercise-induced interventions for drug addiction. In this review, we included both animal and human that pulled subjects from a varied age demographic, as well as neurobiological mechanisms that may highlight the sex-related differences in these potential to assess the impact of sex-specific roles in drug addiction and exercise therapies.
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Bernardi RE, Broccoli L, Spanagel R, Hansson AC. Sex differences in dopamine binding and modafinil conditioned place preference in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 155:37-44. [PMID: 26342627 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in humans and rodents have demonstrated under certain conditions some reinforcing properties of modafinil, a drug being examined clinically for its potential to treat psychostimulant abuse. However, the majority of rodent studies examining the abuse potential of modafinil have used high doses that may not be clinically relevant. In fact, recent work has indicated that doses similar to those administered to humans are not reinforcing in mice. METHODS The current study examined sex differences in the ability of low-dose modafinil (0.75mg/kg, IP) to induce a conditioned place preference in mice, and assessed sex-dependent alterations in dopamine D1, D2 and DAT binding sites in reward-related regions in naïve and modafinil-treated mice. RESULTS Low-dose modafinil failed to induce a conditioned place preference in male mice, while female mice demonstrated a significant modafinil place preference. Several dopamine binding differences were also detected in naïve and modafinil-treated mice, including sex differences in D1 and D2 availability in reward-related regions, and are discussed in relation to sex-dependent differences in the reinforcing effects of modafinil and psychostimulants in general. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate sex differences in the reinforcing properties of modafinil in mice, and indicate that clinical evaluation of the sex dependence of the reinforcing properties of modafinil in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Laura Broccoli
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anita C Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Sex differences between CRF1 receptor deficient mice following naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in a conditioned place aversion paradigm: implication of HPA axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121125. [PMID: 25830629 PMCID: PMC4382215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extinction period of positive affective memory of drug taking and negative affective memory of drug withdrawal, as well as the different response of men and women might be important for the clinical treatment of drug addiction. We investigate the role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor type one (CRF1R) and the different response of male and female mice in the expression and extinction of the aversive memory. Methodology/Principal Finding We used genetically engineered male and female mice lacking functional CRF1R. The animals were rendered dependent on morphine by intraperitoneally injection of increasing doses of morphine (10–60 mg/kg). Negative state associated with naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.)-precipitated morphine withdrawal was examined by using conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm. No sex differences for CPA expression were found in wild-type (n = 29) or CRF1R knockout (KO) mice (n = 29). However, CRF1R KO mice presented less aversion score than wild-type mice, suggesting that CRF1R KO mice were less responsive than wild-type to continuous associations between drug administration and environmental stimuli. In addition, CPA extinction was delayed in wild-type and CRF1R KO male mice compared with females of both genotypes. The genetic disruption of the CRF1R pathway decreased the period of extinction in males and females suggesting that CRF/CRF1R is implicated in the duration of aversive memory. Our results also showed that the increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels observed in wild-type (n = 11) mice after CPA expression, were attenuated in CRF1R KO mice (n = 10). In addition, ACTH returned to the baseline levels in males and females once CPA extinction was finished. Conclusion/Significance These results suggest that, at least, CPA expression is partially due to an increase in plasma ACTH levels, through activation of CRF1R, which can return when CPA extinction is finished.
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Puhl MD, Berg AR, Bechtholt AJ, Coyle JT. Availability of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Coagonists Affects Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Locomotor Sensitization: Implications for Comorbid Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:465-70. [PMID: 25788713 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with high prevalence of substance abuse. Recent research suggests that dysregulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function may play a role in the pathophysiology of both schizophrenia and drug addiction, and thus, may account for this high comorbidity. Our laboratory has developed two transgenic mouse lines that exhibit contrasting NMDAR activity based on the availability of the glycine modulatory site (GMS) agonists d-serine and glycine. Glycine transporter 1 knockdowns (GlyT1(+/-)) exhibit NMDAR hyperfunction, whereas serine racemase knockouts (SR(-/-)) exhibit NMDAR hypofunction. We characterized the behavior of these lines in a cocaine-induced (20 mg/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization paradigm. Compared with wild-type mice, GlyT1(+/-) mice displayed hastened extinction of CPP and robust cocaine-induced reinstatement. SR(-/-) mice appeared to immediately "forget" the learned preference, because they did not exhibit cocaine-induced reinstatement and also displayed attenuated locomotor sensitization. Treatment of GlyT1(+/-) mice with gavestinel (10 mg/kg on day 1; 5 mg/kg on days 2-17), a GMS antagonist, attenuated cocaine-induced CPP and caused them to immediately "forget" the learned preference. Treatment of SR(-/-) mice with d-serine (300 mg/kg on day 1; 150 mg/kg on days 2-17) to normalize brain levels caused them to avoid the cocaine-paired side of the chamber during extinction. These results highlight NMDAR dysfunction as a possible neural mechanism underlying comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse. Also, these findings suggest drugs that directly or indirectly activate the NMDAR GMS could be an effective treatment of cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Puhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (M.D.P., A.R.B., A.J.B., J.T.C.), and Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience (M.D.P., A.R.B., J.T.C.) and Behavioral Genetics Laboratory (A.J.B.), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra R Berg
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (M.D.P., A.R.B., A.J.B., J.T.C.), and Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience (M.D.P., A.R.B., J.T.C.) and Behavioral Genetics Laboratory (A.J.B.), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Anita J Bechtholt
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (M.D.P., A.R.B., A.J.B., J.T.C.), and Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience (M.D.P., A.R.B., J.T.C.) and Behavioral Genetics Laboratory (A.J.B.), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (M.D.P., A.R.B., A.J.B., J.T.C.), and Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience (M.D.P., A.R.B., J.T.C.) and Behavioral Genetics Laboratory (A.J.B.), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
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Brenhouse HC, Thompson BS, Sonntag KC, Andersen SL. Extinction and reinstatement to cocaine-associated cues in male and female juvenile rats and the role of D1 dopamine receptor. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:22-8. [PMID: 25749358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extinction of behaviors in response to drug-associated cues and prevention of reinstatement are integral for addiction treatment, and can reverse or ameliorate the harmful consequences of drug use. The mechanisms controlling extinction and reinstatement involve prefrontal cortical dopamine receptors, which change in expression and activity during the juvenile and adolescent transitions until they mature in adulthood. Little is known about the role that PFC D1 dopamine receptors play in extinction of drug-paired associations early in life. We used extinction of place preferences for cocaine in juvenile male and female rats following genetic, cell-specific overexpression of D1 on glutamatergic cells in the PFC. All subjects needed to demonstrate cocaine preferences for inclusion in the extinction studies. Here, male juveniles with a preference to 10 mg/kg cocaine took longer to extinguish preferences compared to both male adults and female juveniles. Female juveniles extinguished more rapidly than male juveniles at 20 mg/kg cocaine. Overexpression of D1 in juvenile males significantly facilitated extinction relative to juvenile male controls, whereas D1 prolonged expression of extinction in adults overexpressing D1 and adolescents who naturally have elevated D1 expression. These data suggest that an immature D1 profile in juveniles prevented the learning of new associations, and D1 overexpression may provide sufficient activity to facilitate extinction learning. D1 overexpression reduced reinstatement to a priming dose of cocaine in juvenile males. Together, these data show D1 expression may re-program motivational circuitry to facilitate extinction learning during juvenility that is normally unavailable to juveniles and that sex differences exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Brenhouse
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Britta S Thompson
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kai C Sonntag
- Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Susan L Andersen
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Barker JM, Taylor JR, De Vries TJ, Peters J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: Pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Res 2014; 1628:68-81. [PMID: 25451116 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many abused drugs lead to changes in endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in neural circuits responsible for addictive behaviors. BDNF is a known molecular mediator of memory consolidation processes, evident at both behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Specific neural circuits are responsible for storing and executing drug-procuring motor programs, whereas other neural circuits are responsible for the active suppression of these "seeking" systems. These seeking-circuits are established as associations are formed between drug-associated cues and the conditioned responses they elicit. Such conditioned responses (e.g. drug seeking) can be diminished either through a passive weakening of seeking- circuits or an active suppression of those circuits through extinction. Extinction learning occurs when the association between cues and drug are violated, for example, by cue exposure without the drug present. Cue exposure therapy has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of addictions. Here we explore the role of BDNF in extinction circuits, compared to seeking-circuits that "incubate" over prolonged withdrawal periods. We begin by discussing the role of BDNF in extinction memory for fear and cocaine-seeking behaviors, where extinction circuits overlap in infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC). We highlight the ability of estrogen to promote BDNF-like effects in hippocampal-prefrontal circuits and consider the role of sex differences in extinction and incubation of drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, we examine how opiates and alcohol "break the mold" in terms of BDNF function in extinction circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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