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Anchesi I, Schepici G, Mazzon E. LncRNAs and CircRNAs as Strategies against Pathological Conditions Caused by a Hypoxic/Anoxic State. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 38002304 PMCID: PMC10669691 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain damage can be induced by oxygen deprivation. It is known that hypoxic or anoxic conditions can lead to changes in the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which, in turn, can be related to Central Nervous System (CNS) injuries. Therefore, it could be useful to investigate the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as well as the underlying mechanisms which are able to modulate them in brain damage induced by hypoxic or anoxic conditions. In this review, we focused on recent research that associates these conditions with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The results of this review demonstrate that the expression of both lncRNAs and circRNAs can be influenced by oxygen deprivation conditions and so they can contribute to inducing damage or providing neuroprotection by affecting specific molecular pathways. Furthermore, several experimental studies have shown that ncRNA activity can be regulated by compounds, thus also modifying their transcriptomic profile and their effects on CNS damages induced by hypoxic/anoxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Strada Statale 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Zayed AA, Seleem MM, Darwish HA, Shaheen AA. Role of long noncoding RNAs; BDNF-AS and 17A and their relation to GABAergic dysfunction in Egyptian epileptic patients. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1193-1204. [PMID: 36807083 PMCID: PMC10110666 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Lately, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly appreciated as regulators of epilepsy-related processes, however, their functional role in its pathogenesis is still to be explored. This study investigated the expression levels of lncRNAs; BDNF-AS and 17A in the sera of Egyptian patients with idiopathic generalized and symptomatic focal epilepsy and correlated their levels with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated cAMP reaction element -binding protein (p-CREB), gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, to underline their related molecular mechanism. A total of 70 epileptic patients were divided into two clinical types, besides 30 healthy controls of matched age and sex. The expression levels of both lncRNAs were markedly upregulated in epileptic groups versus the healthy control group with predominance in the symptomatic focal one. Epileptic patients showed significantly lower levels of BDNF, p-CREB, GABA along with significant increase of glutamate levels and glutamate/ GABA ratio, especially in symptomatic focal versus idiopathic generalized epileptic ones. The obtained data raised the possibility that these lncRNAs might be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy via inhibition of GABA/p-CREB/BDNF pathway. The study shed light on the putative role of these lncRNAs in better diagnosis of epilepsy, particularly symptomatic focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Zayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mae M Seleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation of Kaempferol in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Regulating Neuroinflammation Involving Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012694. [PMID: 36293548 PMCID: PMC9604352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a natural plant flavonoid compound, has a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke, while the specific mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we applied the comprehensive strategy that combines network pharmacology and experimental evaluation to explore the potential mechanism of kaempferol in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. First, network pharmacology analysis identified the biological process of kaempferol, suggesting that kaempferol may partly help in treating ischemic stroke by regulating apoptosis and inflammatory response. Then, we evaluated the efficacy of kaempferol in the acute stage of ischemic stroke and elucidated its effects and possible mechanisms on cell apoptosis and neuroinflammation involved by neutrophils. The results showed that kaempferol could significantly reduce the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), and reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and the degree of cerebral edema. In terms of anti-apoptosis, kaempferol could significantly reduce the number of TUNEL-positive cells, inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Kaempferol may play an anti-apoptotic role by up-regulating the expression level of the BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, we found that kaempferol inhibited neuron loss and the activation of glial cells, as well as the expression level of the inflammatory protein COX-2 and the classic pro-inflammatory signaling pathway TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in the ischemic brain, reduced MPO activity and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood, and down-regulated neutrophil aggregation and infiltration in the ischemic brain. Western blot revealed that kaempferol down-regulated the activation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in neutrophils and ischemic brains. Our study showed that kaempferol inhibited the activation and number of neutrophils in the rat peripheral blood and brain, which may be related to the down-regulation of the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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Survival and Neurogenesis-Promoting Effects of the Co-Overexpression of BCLXL and BDNF Genes on Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091406. [PMID: 36143442 PMCID: PMC9501059 DOI: 10.3390/life12091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The main problem with using MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) to treat the deficient diseases of the central nervous system is the low cell survival rate after the transplant procedure and their low ability to spontaneously differentiate into functional neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genetically modifying MSC. A co-overexpression of two genes was performed: BCLXL was supposed to increase the resistance of the cells to the toxic agents and BDNF was supposed to direct cells into the neuronal differentiation pathway. As a result, it was possible to obtain the functional overexpression of the BCLXL and BDNF genes. These cells had an increased resistance to apoptosis-inducing toxicants (staurosporine, doxorubicin and H2O2). At the same time, the genes of the neuronal pathway (CHAT, TPH1) were overexpressed. The genetically modified MSC increased the survival rate under toxic conditions, which increased the chance of surviving a transplant procedure. The obtained cells can be treated as neural cell progenitors, which makes them a universal material that can be used in various disease models. The production of neurotransmitters suggests that cells transplanted into the brain and subjected to the additional influence of the brain’s microenvironment, will be able to form synapses and become functional neurons.
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Overexpression of Brain- and Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors Is Neuroprotective in an Animal Model of Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179733. [PMID: 36077134 PMCID: PMC9456324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the role of the neurotrophic factors BDNF and GDNF in maintaining the brain’s resistance to the damaging effects of hypoxia and functional recovery of neural networks after exposure to damaging factors are actively studied. The assessment of the effect of an increase in the level of these neurotrophic factors in brain tissues using genetic engineering methods on the resistance of laboratory animals to hypoxia may pave the way for the future clinical use of neurotrophic factors BDNF and GDNF in the treatment of hypoxic damage. This study aimed to evaluate the antihypoxic and neuroprotective properties of BDNF and GDNF expression level increase using adeno-associated viral vectors in modeling hypoxia in vivo. To achieve overexpression of neurotrophic factors in the central nervous system’s cells, viral constructs were injected into the brain ventricles of newborn male C57Bl6 (P0) mice. Acute hypobaric hypoxia was modeled on the 30th day after the injection of viral vectors. Survival, cognitive, and mnestic functions in the late post-hypoxic period were tested. Evaluation of growth and weight characteristics and the neurological status of animals showed that the overexpression of neurotrophic factors does not affect the development of mice. It was found that the use of adeno-associated viral vectors increased the survival rate of male mice under hypoxic conditions. The present study indicates that the neurotrophic factors’ overexpression, induced by the specially developed viral constructs carrying the BDNF and GDNF genes, is a prospective neuroprotection method, increasing the survival rate of animals after hypoxic injury.
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Xu YH, Luo Y, Cao JB, Liu YH, Song YX, Zhang XY, Fu Q, Mi WD, Li H. lncRNA BDNF-AS Attenuates Propofol-Induced Apoptosis in HT22 Cells by Modulating the BDNF/TrkB Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3504-3511. [PMID: 35338452 PMCID: PMC9148285 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is widely used as an intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. Previous studies have indicated that propofol induces apoptosis in neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor, is associated with neuronal apoptosis. BDNF-AS, a relatively conserved long non-coding RNA, can reverse the transcription of BDNF. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of BDNF-AS in propofol-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells. HT22 cells were treated with various concentrations of propofol at different time points. BDNF-AS was silenced using BDNF-AS-targeting siRNA. TrkB was antagonized by the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12. Flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and western blotting were performed to analyze apoptosis and the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. In propofol-treated HT22 cells, BDNF-AS was upregulated, and BDNF was downregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BDNF-AS downregulation mediated by siRNA mitigated apoptosis, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, 7, and 9. ANA-12 downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, 7, and 9, and increased apoptosis. Our study implied that inhibition of BDNF-AS can decrease propofol-induced apoptosis by activating the BDNF/TrkB pathway. Thus, the BDNF-AS-BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway may be a valuable target for treating propofol-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hai Xu
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, 30th Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, 30th Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Yu-Xiang Song
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Hao Li
- Present Address: 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853 China
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Jin T, Zhang Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang J, Fan R, Zhang Y, Liu X. Curcumin can improve Parkinson's disease via activating BDNF/PI3k/Akt signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113091. [PMID: 35526734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and presently has no curative agent. Curcumin, as one of the natural polyphenols, has great potential in neurodegenerative diseases and other different pathological settings. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways are significantly involved nerve regeneration and anti-apoptotic activities. Currently, relevant studies have confirmed that curcumin has an optimistic impact on neuroprotection via regulating BDNF and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we summarized the relationship between BDNF and PI3k/Akt signaling pathway, the main biological functions and neuroprotective effects of curcumin via activating BDNF and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease. This paper illustrates that curcumin, as a neuroprotective agent, can delay the progression of Parkinson's disease by protecting nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Y, Chen X, Che Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Peng W, Yang J. LncRNAs as the Regulators of Brain Function and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:837-851. [PMID: 35656102 PMCID: PMC9116922 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a serious threat to the health and safety of the elderly population. It has become an emerging public health problem and a major economic and social burden. However, there is currently no effective treatment for AD. Although the mechanism of AD pathogenesis has been investigated substantially, the full range of molecular factors that contribute to its development remain largely unclear. In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides, play important roles in multiple biological processes involved in AD pathogenesis. With the further exploration of genomics, the role of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of AD has been phenotypically or mechanistically studied. Herein, we systematically review the current knowledge about lncRNAs implicated in AD and elaborate on their main regulatory pathways, which may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yutong Che
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Inter-disciplinary Research Center of Language Intelligence and Cultural Heritages, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Weijun Peng (E-mail: ) and Ms. Jingjing Yang (), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Weijun Peng (E-mail: ) and Ms. Jingjing Yang (), Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Taheri M, Ghanbari M. A concise review on the role of BDNF-AS in human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112051. [PMID: 34426254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-antisense (BDNF-AS) is a long non-coding RNA with tens of alternatively spliced variants being transcribed from 11p14 cytogenetic band. As a naturally occurring anti-sense, it regulates expression of BDNF, a factor which as essential roles in the pathoetiology of neurodevelopmental diseases. Notably, BDNF-AS has been reported to be down-regulated in colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer. This lncRNA has direct/indirect functional interactions with GSK-3β, EZH2, miR-214, PABPC1, RAX2, DLG5, p53 and ADAR as well as RNH1/TRIM21/mTOR signaling. In prostate and breast cancers, down-regulation of BDNF-AS has been associated with poor clinical outcome. In the present review, we assessed the existing literature on the role of BDNF-AS in this process and summarized the available data in three distinct sections based of the methodology of experiments and source of expression assays. We also summarized the role of BDNF-AS in non-neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Ghanbari
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tan X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Cong S. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs and their mechanisms in Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2074-2090. [PMID: 34031910 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive alterations in gene regulatory networks are a typical characteristic of Huntington's disease (HD); these include alterations in protein-coding genes and poorly understood non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are associated with pathology caused by mutant huntingtin. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of ncRNAs involved in a variety of biological functions, including transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modification of many targets, and likely contributed to the pathogenesis of HD. While a number of changes in lncRNAs expression have been observed in HD, little is currently known about their functions. Here, we discuss their possible mechanisms and molecular functions, with a particular focus on their roles in transcriptional regulation. These findings give us a better insight into HD pathogenesis and may provide new targets for the treatment of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Taiming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Chen J, Liu P, Dong X, Jin J, Xu Y. The role of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105019. [PMID: 33905763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the narrow therapeutic time window of the only two approved therapies, intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke are driven by multiple complex molecular and cellular interactions that ultimately induce brain damage and neurobehavioral impairment. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are significantly altered in the blood and brains of ischemic stroke patients and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of stroke, which serve as potential targets for stroke interventions. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discuss the opportunities and challenges for the clinical application of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.
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Microinjection of the BDNF receptor antagonist ANA-12 into the nucleus accumbens and medial-prefrontal cortex attenuates morphine-induced reward memory, and alterations of BDNF levels and apoptotic cells in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 201:173111. [PMID: 33444602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of intra- nucleus accumbens (NAc) of BDNF receptor antagonist ANA-12 on the acquisition and expression and intra- medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of ANA-12 on the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and also BDNF levels and apoptotic neurons in the NAc and mPFC of rats. In this study, adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used. Two separate cannulas were inserted bilaterally into the NAc and/or mPFC. ANA-12 (3 μg/0.5 μl/side) was injected into the NAc and/or mPFC to evaluate the rewarding effects of morphine using a CPP paradigm. Then, the levels of BDNF and apoptotic in the NAc and mPFC were assessed at the end of each treatment phase using ELISA and TUNEL methods, respectively. All of vehicle-treated rats following morphine CPP showed the increase of BDNF levels and apoptotic neurons in the NAc and mPFC. ANA-12 significantly attenuated the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced CPP, BDNF levels and apoptotic neurons in the NAc during the acquisition, but not the expression phase. Also, ANA-12 significantly facilitated the extinction, but no effect on reinstatement of morphine CPP, and decreased BDNF levels and apoptotic neurons in the mPFC during the extinction, but not the reinstatement. We conclude that blocking TrkB with ANA-12 showed therapeutic effects on morphine-associated reward memory and neuronal death in the NAc and mPFC induced by morphine CPP. Thus, the BDNF-TrkB signaling may be important in the acquisition, expression, extinction, but not the reinstatement of morphine CPP.
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Cholic Acid Protects In Vitro Neurovascular Units against Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury through the BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1201624. [PMID: 33101581 PMCID: PMC7576336 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1201624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) can disrupt various types of brain cells in the neurovascular unit (NVU) at both the structural and functional levels. Therefore, NVU is considered to be a more comprehensive target for the treatment of IS. It is necessary to develop drugs which targeted multiple mechanisms and cell types on NVU against IS. As a component of bile acid, cholic acid has been reported to be able to diffuse across phospholipid bilayers and further cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the effects exerted by cholic acid (CA) on the NVU after stroke remain unclear. Based on our previous research, we established and further supplemented the characteristics of the functional in vitro NVU model and its oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Then, we investigated the effect of CA on the maintenance of the in vitro NVU after OGD/R and further discussed the specific molecular targets that CA played a role in. For the first time, we found that CA significantly maintained BBB integrity, downregulated apoptosis, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation damage after OGD/R. Meanwhile, CA obviously increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which were mainly secreted from astrocytes, in the coculture system after OGD/R. The results demonstrated that CA significantly increased the expression of TrkB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/Erk, and CREB in neurons. These positive effects on the downstream proteins of BDNF were suppressed by treatment with ANA12 which is an inhibitor of TrkB. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CA exerted multiple protective effects on the NVU, mediated by increasing the release of BDNF and further stimulating the BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and BDNF-TrkB-MAPK/Erk signaling pathways in the context of OGD/R-induced injury. These findings indicate that CA possesses the effect of antagonizing multiple mechanisms of IS and protecting multiple cell types in NVU and may be useful as a treatment for IS.
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Lu Q, Zhu H, Liu X, Tang C. Icariin sustains the proliferation and differentiation of Aβ 25-35-treated hippocampal neural stem cells via the BDNF-TrkB-ERK/Akt signaling pathway. Neurol Res 2020; 42:936-945. [PMID: 32727295 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1792701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Icariin (ICA) can be potentially used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism was not clear. The current study explored the effects of ICA on hippocampal neural stem cells, aiming to provide a comprehensive basis for its clinical application. METHODS Hippocampal neural stem cells were isolated from newborn rats and their differentiation ability was evaluated by performing immunofluorescence staining. Next, Aβ cell model was constructed by treating the cells with Aβ25-35, and then the model was further treated by ICA or shBDNF or the two in combination. The viability and differentiation of the cells were, respectively, analyzed by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry. The expression of BDNF-TrkB-ERK/Akt signaling pathway was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot (WB). RESULTS The hippocampal neural stem cells can differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. ICA effectively promoted the viability and differentiation of Aβ cell models. The expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in Aβ cell models were obviously decreased, which were noticeably increased by ICA. Moreover, BDNF knockdown further inhibited the viability and differentiation of Aβ model cells, which could be reversed by ICA. BDNF knockdown not only suppressed the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in Aβ cell models but also effectively prevented the phosphorylation of ERK/Akt; however, these phenomena were significantly alleviated by ICA treatment. DISCUSSION ICA promoted the proliferation and differentiation of Aβ25-35-treated hippocampal neural stem cells through BDNF-TrkB-ERK/Akt signaling pathway. The current findings might contribute to the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital , Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Hailing Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital , Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital , Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Congfeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital , Jingmen, Hubei, China
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15
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Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Shams B, Arsang-Jang S, Gholami L, Taheri M. Blood and tissue levels of lncRNAs in periodontitis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9568-9576. [PMID: 32372456 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex disorder that affects a large number of human beings from different ethnic groups. This condition has been associated with dysregulation of a number of genes, among them are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the current study, we assessed the expression of four lncRNAs (BDNF-AS, MIAT, MIR137HG, and PNKY) as well as BDNF in the peripheral blood and gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The expression of BDNF was significantly lower in blood samples of male patients with periodontitis compared with male controls (posterior β of RE = -4.754, p = .048). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of BDNF in tissue samples from the cases and controls. The expression of BDNF-AS was significantly lower in the tissue samples of patients compared with control tissue samples (posterior β of RE = -2.151, p = .019). Such an expression difference was detected between male subgroups as well (posterior β of RE = -3.679, p = .009). However, expression of this lncRNA was not different in blood samples obtained from patients compared with healthy subjects. The expression of PNKY was significantly higher in tissue samples obtained from female patients compared with sex-matched controls (posterior β of RE = 6.23, p = .037). Blood levels of this lncRNA were not different between cases and controls. There was no significant difference either in the tissue expression or in blood expression of MIR137HG or MIAT between cases and controls. The current study indicates the putative role of BDNF, BDNF-AS, and PNKY in the pathophysiology of periodontitis and potentiates these genes as candidates for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Sayad
- Dental School, Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shams
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Arsang-Jang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fan Y, Zhao X, Lu K, Cheng G. LncRNA BDNF-AS promotes autophagy and apoptosis in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease via ablating microRNA-125b-5p. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:119-127. [PMID: 32057951 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Recently, extensive evidence has indicated that the biological role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly evident. The lncRNA brain-derived neurotrophic factor anti-sense (BDNF-AS) has been found to be dysregulated in Huntington's Disease. However, the function of BDNF-AS in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. The purpose of this present study was to explore the effect of BDNF-AS on PD and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The MPTP-induced mouse model of PD and MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell model were established. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the number of TH + positive cells. Mice behavioral changes were detected by pole and rota-rod test. SH-SY5Y cells viability, apoptosis was detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The number of autophagosome was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Dopamine content was tested by high performance liquid chromatography. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was utilized to verify the correlation between BDNF-AS and miR-125b-5p. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect gene expression levels. RESULTS Our results showed that BDNF-AS was up-regulated in MPTP-induced PD model and dopamine neurons, and MPP + treated SH-SY5Y cells, while miR-125b-5p was down-regulated. The expression of BDNF-AS was positively related with the MPP + concentration. BDNF-AS knockdown could significantly promote cell proliferation, while inhibit apoptosis and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells treated by MPP + . Silencing BDNF-AS could also increase TH positive neurons and significantly suppress the autophagy of PD mice. Additionally, miR-125b-5p, a putative target gene of BDNF-AS, was involved in the effects of BDNF-AS on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that knockdown of BDNF-AS could elevate SH-SY5Y cell viability, inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in MPTP-induced PD models through regulating miR-125b-5p, suggesting that BDNF-AS might act as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, West Dongchang Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, West Dongchang Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, No. 62, Weiyu Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China
| | - Guizhi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Guangming Hospital, No. 87, North Changrun Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 252000, China.
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Zhai Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhu Y, Xie K, Yu L, Zhang H. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Alleviates Ropivacaine-Induced Neuronal Damage by Enhancing the Akt Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:10154-10163. [PMID: 31885368 PMCID: PMC6951110 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the neurotrophic factors that modulate critical metabolic activities, including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation modulation. Although numerous studies have focused on the damaging effects of BDNF on neurons, the underlying relationship between these effects remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of BDNF on neuronal injury induced by ropivacaine and assessed whether it is related to the Akt signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells were stimulated with ropivacaine at different concentrations to induce neuronal injury. MTT analysis, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were used to investigate the proliferation activity, apoptotic level, and expression of Akt, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3, collectively demonstrating the underlying regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the morphological damage and proliferation inhibition of SH-SY5Y cells induced by ropivacaine were dose-dependent and time-dependent, accompanied by a significant decrease in Akt expression. We treated cells with BDNF or SC79, which is a selective cell-permeable small molecule Akt activator. The results showed that, compared to the ropivacaine group, the morphological damage of neurons was alleviated; cell proliferation activity was enhanced; apoptotic rate was reduced; PCNA, Bcl-2, and phosphorylated Akt expression levels were increased; and Bax and caspase-3 gene and protein expression were decreased. We were able to reverse these effects by administering API-2, an Akt inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS BDNF can alleviate ropivacaine-induced neuronal injury by activating Akt signaling pathway, consequently modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Zhai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Liberation Army 970 Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantanshan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- Department of Pain, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Liberation Army 970 Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Cheng H, Sun M, Wang ZL, Wu Q, Yao J, Ren G, Sun XL. LncRNA RMST-mediated miR-107 transcription promotes OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis via interacting with hnRNPK. Neurochem Int 2019; 133:104644. [PMID: 31852624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST) silencing has been demonstrated to protect against ischemic brain injury in vivo and neuron injury in vitro. However, its underlying mechanisms in the progression of ischemic stroke have not been well explored. The expression of RMST in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated HT-22 hippocampal neuron cell line was examined using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). CCK-8 cell viability and apoptotic cell detection using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining coupled with flow cytometry were performed to determine the pro-apoptotic role of RMST in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cell line. Furthermore, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the mechanism of RMST in OGD-induced HT-22 cell apoptosis. In the results, RMST was highly expressed in OGD-treated HT-22 cells. Altered RMST expression led to marked changes in HT-22 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, RMST indirectly activated p53/miR-107 signaling pathway via interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) and fulfilled its pro-apoptotic function in HT-22 cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that the RMST/hnRNPK/p53/miR-107/Bcl2l2 axis plays an important role in regulating neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhao-Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guang Ren
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Zhang C, Liao P, Liang R, Zheng X, Jian J. Epigallocatechin gallate prevents mitochondrial impairment and cell apoptosis by regulating miR-30a/p53 axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152845. [PMID: 31029907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate whether EGCG prevents cardiac I/R mitochondrial impairment and cell apoptosis by regulating miR-30a/p53 axis. METHODS The H9c2 cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro and myocardial ischemia /reperfusion (I/R) model in vivo were made, with or without EGCG treatment. The levels of I/R-induced creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cardiac functional impairment were examined. Stablely transfecting miR-30a mimic or inhibitor in H9c2 cardiomyocytes was built. The expression of miR-30a, p53 and related proteins in cells was measured by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) opening and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in cells was measured by fluorescent probes. The levels of miR-30a and p53, some related proteins expression and apoptosis in the cardiac muscle tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), H&E staining, western blotting and TUNEL assays. RESULTS We found that EGCG preconditioning significantly decreased the levels of CK-MB and LDH, increased the activity of ATP, reduced the apoptotic rate and partially preserved heart function. Furthermore, EGCG decreased ROS levels, MPTP opening and depolarization of ΔΨm, and improved the activity of post-I/R cardiomyocyte. The beneficial effect of EGCG was associated with restored levels of miR-30a expression in the I/R injury that correspond to p53 mRNA downregulation. The regulatory effect of EGCG was greatly enhanced by miR-30a mimic and suppressed by miR-30a inhibitor. More importantly, EGCG pretreatment inhibited the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic related proteins downstream of the miR-30a/p53 pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that EGCG pretreatment may attenuate mitochondrial impairment and myocardial apoptosis by regulation of miR-30a/p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital of Centre-south University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ronggan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Jie Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
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Zhang L, Wang H. Long Non-coding RNA in CNS Injuries: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:754-766. [PMID: 31437654 PMCID: PMC6709344 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CNS injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and cerebral ischemic stroke, are important causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. As an important class of pervasive genes involved in many pathophysiological processes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received attention in the past decades. Multiple studies indicate that lncRNAs are abundant in the CNS and have a key role in brain function as well as many neurological disorders, especially in CNS injuries. Several investigations have deciphered that regulation of lncRNAs exert pro-angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation effects in CNS injury via different molecules and pathways, including microRNA (miRNA), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Notch, and p53. Thus, lncRNAs show great promise as molecular targets in CNS injuries. In this article, we provide an updated review of the current state of our knowledge about the relationship between lncRNAs and CNS injuries, highlighting the specific roles of lncRNAs in CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Chen R, Xu X, Huang L, Zhong W, Cui L. The Regulatory Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Different Brain Cell Types Involved in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:61. [PMID: 30967760 PMCID: PMC6440499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke results in high morbidity and high mortality worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for 80% to 85%. As effective treatments for ischemic stroke remain limited because of the narrow therapeutic time window, a better understanding of the pathologic mechanism and new therapeutic intervention targets are needed. Due to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies and the genome-wide analysis of eukaryotic transcriptomes, a large amount of evidence to date demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in gene regulation and in ischemic stroke. In recent years, many studies have been focused on the clinical significance of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke, and data shows that the pathological processes underlying ischemic stroke are driven by interactions among different brain cell types, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, which actively participate in the mechanisms of tissue injury and repair. In this mini review article, we provide an overview of the characteristics and underlying regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs relevant to different brain cell types during the course of ischemic stroke. Moreover, we reveal the roles of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and treatment targets in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lidan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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He F, Zhang N, Lv Y, Sun W, Chen H. Low‑dose lipopolysaccharide inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway in rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1443-1452. [PMID: 30628689 PMCID: PMC6390019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low‑dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced brain injury, and to explore the mechanism of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/forkhead box protein (Fox)O1 signaling pathway. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats were divided into control group (control), ischemia/reperfusion surgery group (I/R) and low‑dose LPS treatment group (LPS). An I/R model was established and the hemodynamic parameters were recorded at the end of I/R injury. The brain tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. Microglia were treated with LPS following hypoxia/reoxygenation. The cellular viability was detected by 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The apoptotic rate of microglia was detected using AnnexinV/propidium iodide staining. The expression of B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2, Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax), and caspase‑3 were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, FoxO1 and p‑FoxO1 expression were detected by western blotting. It was previously reported that, following I/R injury, neuronal cells were disorderly and brain injury markers (neuron‑specific enolase and S100 β), inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α] levels were significantly upregulated. In the present study, the expression levels of Bax, caspase‑3 Akt and p‑Akt were significantly higher, while that of Bcl‑2, FoxO1 and p‑FoxO1 were significantly lower in the I/R group. LPS treatment significantly increased the viability of neuronal cells and decreased the rate of neuronal cell apoptosis. Following the addition of PI3K signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 to microglia, LPS reduced the levels of activated Akt, increased the downstream regulatory gene phosphorylation of FoxO1 and reduced microglia apoptosis. It was concluded that LPS can alleviate I/R‑induced brain injury, inhibit neuronal cells apoptosis and protect neuronal cells via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Huisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP Virus Construct Exerts Neuroprotective Action on the Hippocampal Neural Network during Hypoxia In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082295. [PMID: 30081596 PMCID: PMC6121472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key signaling molecules that supports the viability of neural cells in various brain pathologies, and can be considered a potential therapeutic agent. However, several methodological difficulties, such as overcoming the blood–brain barrier and the short half-life period, challenge the potential use of BDNF in clinical practice. Gene therapy could overcome these limitations. Investigating the influence of viral vectors on the neural network level is of particular interest because viral overexpression affects different aspects of cell metabolism and interactions between neurons. The present work aimed to investigate the influence of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Syn-BDNF-EGFP virus construct on neural network activity parameters in an acute hypobaric hypoxia model in vitro. Materials and methods. An adeno-associated virus vector carrying the BDNF gene was constructed using the following plasmids: AAV-Syn-EGFP, pDP5, DJvector, and pHelper. The developed virus vector was then tested on primary hippocampal cultures obtained from C57BL/6 mouse embryos (E18). Acute hypobaric hypoxia was induced on day 21 in vitro. Spontaneous bioelectrical and calcium activity of neural networks in primary cultures and viability tests were analysed during normoxia and during the posthypoxic period. Results. BDNF overexpression by AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP does not affect cell viability or the main parameters of spontaneous bioelectrical activity in normoxia. Application of the developed virus construct partially eliminates the negative hypoxic consequences by preserving cell viability and maintaining spontaneous bioelectrical activity in the cultures. Moreover, the internal functional structure, including the activation pattern of network bursts, the number of hubs, and the number of connections within network elements, is also partially preserved. BDNF overexpression prevents a decrease in the number of cells exhibiting calcium activity and maintains the frequency of calcium oscillations. Conclusion. This study revealed the pronounced antihypoxic and neuroprotective effects of AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP virus transduction in an acute normobaric hypoxia model.
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Guo CC, Jiao CH, Gao ZM. Silencing of LncRNA BDNF-AS attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by suppressing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Neurol Res 2018; 40:795-804. [PMID: 29902125 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1480921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) brain-derived neurotrophic factor anti-sense (BDNF-AS) on the Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. METHODS PC12 cells were induced by Aβ25-35 to construct cell injury models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and then transfected with siRNA-BDNF-AS. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect the expressions of BDNF-AS and BDNF. Besides, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Hoechst33342 staining were utilized to analyze the cell viability and apoptosis, respectively, Western blotting to evaluate the protein expressions, immunofluorescence to assess the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) release, and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).The evaluation of oxidative stress was conducted via the determination of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). RESULTS Aβ25-35 apparently increased BDNF-AS but decreased BDNF in PC12 cells, which also reduced viability and induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Silencing of BDNF-AS could significantly up-regulate BDNF in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells, with the elevated cell viability. Moreover, silencing BDNF-AS inhibited the apoptosis of Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells, suppressed the release of Cyt C, reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and lowered the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Rh123, but it elevated the expression of Bcl-2. Besides, silencing BDNF-AS also reduced ROS intensity and MDA content, but enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT. CONCLUSION Silencing BDNF-AS exerts protective functions to increase the viability, inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress of Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells by negative regulation of BDNF. ABBREVIATIONS Aβ25-35: amyloid beta peptide 25-35; AD: Alzheimer's disease; LncRNA BDNF-AS: long non-coding RNA brain-derived neurotrophic factor anti-sense; OS: Oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Guo
- a Department of rehabilitation , The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu , Ji'nan , China
| | - Chun-Hong Jiao
- a Department of rehabilitation , The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu , Ji'nan , China
| | - Zhen-Mei Gao
- b Department of rehabilitation , Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , China
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