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Guo Y, Guan Y, Zhu H, Sun T, Wang Y, Huang Y, Ma C, Emery R, Guan W, Wang C, Liu C. Therapeutic function of iPSCs-derived primitive neuroepithelial cells in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105324. [PMID: 35247479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising unlimited source for cell replacement therapy of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, rat iPSCs-derived primitive neuroepithelial cells (RiPSCs-iNECs) were successfully induced from rat iPSCs (RiPSCs) following two major developmental stages, and could generate neurospheres and differentiated into both neurons and astrocytes in vitro. Then, the RiPSCs-iNECs-GFP+ were unilaterally transplanted into the right substantia nigra (SN) of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat models of PD. The results demonstrated that the grafted RiPSCs-iNECs could survive in parkinsonian rat brain for at least 150 days, and many of them differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells. Furthermore, the PD model rats grafted with RiPSCs-iNECs exhibited a significant functional recovery from their parkinsonian behavioral defects. Histological studies showed that RiPSCs-iNECs could differentiate into multiple types of neurons including dopaminergic neurons, GFAP, Pax6, FoxA2 and DAT-positive cells, and induced dopaminergic neurons extended dense neurites into the host striatum. Thus, iPSCs derived primitive neuroepithelial cells could be an attractive candidate as a source of donor material for the treatment of PD, but the molecular mechanism needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yuhan Guan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Huan Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China; Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rik Emery
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Beijing Animal Science and Veterinary, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China; Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Lin L, Skakavac N, Lin X, Lin D, Borlongan MC, Borlongan CV, Cao C. Acupuncture-Induced Analgesia: The Role of Microglial Inhibition. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:621-8. [PMID: 26849399 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The last three decades have documented preclinical and clinical data supporting the use of acupuncture in relieving symptoms of many diseases, including allergies, infections, and neurological disorders. The advent of electroacupuncture has not only modernized the practice of acupuncture, but also has improved its efficacy, especially for producing analgesic-like effects. Although the mechanism of action of acupuncture-induced analgesia remains largely unknown, several lines of investigation have implicated modulation of pain processes via brain opioid signaling and neuroimmunoregulatory pathways. Here, we review key findings demonstrating the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture-induced analgesia. In particular, we discuss potent analgesic effects of acupuncture via neural pain processes through inhibition of microglial activation. The safe and effective use of acupuncture stands as a nonpharmacological alternative for induction of analgesia, which has direct clinical applications, especially for pain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- College of Acupuncture, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Noh YH, Kim JY, Kim DH, Kim OH, Park J, Kee BS, Sohn DS, Chung YH, Kim KY, Lee WB, Kim SS. Recovery from Parkinsonism with N-acetylcysteine-differentiated neurons. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hill AJ, Zwart I, Samaranayake AN, Al-Allaf F, Girdlestone J, Mehmet H, Navarrete R, Navarrete C, Jen LS. Rat neurosphere cells protect axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells and facilitate their regeneration. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1147-56. [PMID: 19203229 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of a population of rat neural stem and precursor cells derived from rat embryonic spinal cord to protect injured neurons in the rat central nervous system (CNS). The neonatal rat optic pathway was used as a model of CNS injury, whereby retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were axotomized by lesion of the lateral geniculate nucleus one day after birth. Neural stem and precursor cells derived from expanded neurospheres (NS) were transplanted into the lesion site at the time of injury. Application of Fast Blue tracer dye to the lesion site demonstrated that significant numbers of RGCs survived at 4 and 8 weeks in animals that received a transplant, with an average of 28% survival, though in some individual cases survival was greater than 50%. No RGCs survived in animals that received a lesion alone. Furthermore, labeled RGCs were also observed when Fast Blue was applied to the superior colliculus (SC) at 4 weeks, suggesting that neurosphere cells also facilitated RGC to regenerate to their normal target. Transplanted cells did not migrate or express neural markers after transplantation, and secreted several neurotrophic factors in vitro. We conclude that NS cells can protect injured CNS neurons and promote their regeneration. These effects are not attributable to cell replacement, and may be mediated via secretion of neurotrophic factors. Thus, neuroprotection by stem cell populations may be a more viable approach for treatment of CNS disorders than cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, typified by the progressive loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons and the consequent decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. Patients exhibit a range of clinical symptoms, with the most common affecting motor function and including resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, bradykinesia and postural instability. Current pharmacological interventions are palliative and largely aimed at increasing dopamine levels through increased production and/or inhibition of metabolism of this key neurotransmitter. The gold standard for treatment of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease is the peripheral administration of the dopamine precursor, levodopa. However, many patients gradually develop levodopa-induced dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. In addition, dopamine enhancement therapies are most useful when a portion of the nigrostriatal pathway is intact. Consequently, as the number of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and striatal projections decrease, these treatments become less efficacious. Current translational research is focused on the development of novel disease-modifying therapies, including those utilizing gene therapeutic approaches. Herein we present an overview of current gene therapy clinical trials for Parkinson's disease. Employing either recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV2) or lentivirus vectors, these clinical trials are focused on three overarching approaches: augmentation of dopamine levels via increased neurotransmitter production; modulation of the neuronal phenotype; and neuroprotection. The first two therapies discussed in this article focus on increasing dopamine production via direct delivery of genes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis (amino acid decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase and GTP [guanosine triphosphate] cyclohydrolase 1). In an attempt to bypass the degenerating nigrostriatal pathway, a third clinical trial utilizes rAAV2 to deliver glutamic acid decarboxylase to the subthalamic nucleus, converting a subset of excitatory neurons to GABA-producing cells. In contrast, the final clinical trial is aimed at protecting the degenerating nigrostriatum by striatal delivery of rAAV2 harbouring the neuroprotective gene, neurturin. Based on preclinical studies, this gene therapeutic approach is posited to slow disease progression by enhancing neuronal survival. In addition, we discuss the outcome of each clinical trial and discuss the potential rationale for the marginal yet incremental clinical advancements that have thus far been realized for Parkinson's disease gene therapy.
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Maguire-Zeiss KA. alpha-Synuclein: a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease? Pharmacol Res 2008; 58:271-80. [PMID: 18840530 PMCID: PMC2630208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease with invariant loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and striatal projections. This disorder is well known for the associated motoric symptoms including resting tremor and the inability to initiate movement. However, it is now apparent that Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder with patients exhibiting symptoms derived from peripheral nervous system and extra-nigral dysfunctions in addition to the prototypical nigrostriatal damage. Although the etiology for sporadic Parkinson's disease is unknown, information gleaned from both familial forms of the disease and animal models places misfolded alpha-synuclein at the forefront. The disease is currently without a cure and most therapies target the motoric symptoms relying on increasing dopamine tone. In this review, the role of alpha-synuclein in disease pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target focusing on toxic conformers of this protein is considered. The addition of protofibrillar/oligomer-directed neurotherapeutics to the existing armamentarium may extend the symptom-free stage of Parkinson's disease as well as alleviate pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Maguire-Zeiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, United States.
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Sun J, Gao Q, Miller K, Wang X, Wang J, Liu W, Bao L, Zhang J, Zhang L, Poon WS, Gao Y. Dopaminergic differentiation of grafted GFP transgenic neuroepithelial stem cells in the brain of a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2007; 420:23-8. [PMID: 17499438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroepithelial stem cells (NEPs) possess multipotent potential for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive NEPs, we explored, firstly, the survival and differentiation of grafted NEPs in the host rat and, secondly, whether or not transplantation of NEPs is a feasible therapeutic option for treating Parkinson's disease. NEPs were harvested from the neural tube of enhanced GFP transgenic embryos. In culture, GFP(+) NEPs generated abundant neurospheres and differentiated into both neurons and glia. When stereotaxically transplanted into the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned striatum of rats, NEPs survived and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were detected in the graft. Furthermore, these grafted GFP(+) NEPs significantly ameliorated Parkinsonian behavioral symptoms compared with controls which were treated only with normal saline. Our results suggest that transplanted NEPs accomplish dopaminergic differentiation may be used for treating Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Sun
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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