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Hay PJ, Rankin R, Ramjan L, Conti J. Current approaches in the recognition and management of eating disorders. Med J Aust 2023; 219:127-134. [PMID: 37356068 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders are now well acknowledged mental health problems that are common and present in people from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds. The past decade has seen a rapid expansion in research into eating disorder interventions. In response to the increasing burden of eating disorders, the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care has implemented significant policy changes to improve patient access to Medicare and inpatient treatment facilities. There are several international clinical practice guidelines and a robust evidence base particularly for first line care with specific psychological therapies, including guidelines for the management of eating disorders in individuals with a high weight. Medications play an important adjunct role in care, and novel neuromodulating treatments, such as psychostimulants, are under study. There is emerging evidence for increased person-centred care, with more choice in the form of alternatives to hospital inpatient programs and more respectful consideration of care for all who experience an eating disorder, including people with high weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipa J Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW
| | - Rebekah Rankin
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Janet Conti
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW
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2
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Davey E, Bennett SD, Bryant-Waugh R, Micali N, Takeda A, Alexandrou A, Shafran R. Low intensity psychological interventions for the treatment of feeding and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:56. [PMID: 37016447 PMCID: PMC10072817 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding and eating disorders are associated with significant illness burden and costs, yet access to evidence-based care is limited. Low intensity psychological interventions have the potential to increase such access. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the use of low intensity psychological interventions for the treatment of feeding and eating disorders. Studies comparing low intensity psychological interventions against high intensity therapies and non-eating disorder specific psychological interventions were included, as well as those with waiting list control arms. There were three primary outcomes: eating disorder psychopathology, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) severity specifier-related outcomes and rates of remission/recovery. RESULTS Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 3665 participants, and 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to high intensity therapies, low intensity psychological interventions were equivalent on reducing eating disorder psychopathology (g = - 0.13), more effective at improving DSM severity specifier-related outcomes (g = - 0.15), but less likely to achieve remission/recovery (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70). Low intensity psychological interventions were superior to non-eating disorder specific psychological interventions and waiting list controls across all three primary outcomes. CONCLUSION Overall, findings suggest that low intensity psychological interventions can successfully treat eating disorder symptoms. Few potential moderators had a statistically significant effect on outcome. The number of studies for many comparisons was low and the methodological quality of the studies was poor, therefore results should be interpreted with caution. More research is needed to establish the effectiveness of low intensity psychological interventions for children and young people, as well as for individuals with anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, pica and rumination disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Davey
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Sophie D Bennett
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Ballerup Psychiatric Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Högdahl L, Birgegård A, Norring C, de Man Lapidoth J, Franko MA, Björck C. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimic eating disorders in a clinical setting: Results from a randomized trial with one-year follow-up. Internet Interv 2022; 31:100598. [PMID: 36588668 PMCID: PMC9801110 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those who suffer from eating disorders often experience serious impairment in quality of life and the majority never receive treatment. Treatment availability may be increased by implementing methods that demand less resources and are more easy accessible such as internet-based treatments, but knowledge about their effects is still insufficient. The study evaluated effects of two types of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and a structured day patient program, the latter being a standard treatment at an eating disorder clinic at the time for the study. METHODS 150 participants with bulimic eating disorders randomized to two types of internet based treatments (one pure online treatment and one based on a self-help guide in book-format) or an intensive 16-week day patient program. The number of participants that started treatment was 120 of which 98 in internet treatment and 22 in the day program. Outcome assessments were carried out at baseline, post treatment, and at one-year follow-up. RESULTS All treatments were associated with significantly improved eating disorder pathology, self-image, and clinical impairment. Although the day program generally showed larger effects, only one significant difference found was in diagnostic remission post treatment; 51 % of the participant was in remission in internet treatment and 88 % in the day program. At one-year follow-up, participants in the internet treatments had continued to improve, whereas in the day patient program the effect sustained. Internet treatment had a 36 % drop out rate, there were no dropouts found in the day program. CONCLUSIONS All treatments were comparable in effect at follow-up, suggesting that internet treatment is a conceivable alternative to standard treatment. Internet treatment in a book-based format was also equally effective as a pure online format. Internet delivered cognitive behavioral treatment forms can make important contributions to achieve increased access to treatment for patients with bulimic eating disorders. Future research and clinical implications for internet delivered treatments in eating disorder services are discussed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN44999017. The study was registered retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Högdahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 12A, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim de Man Lapidoth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,TioHundra AB, Department of Psychiatry, Norrtälje Hospital, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Mikael Andersson Franko
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Björck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
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Mensinger JL. Traumatic stress, body shame, and internalized weight stigma as mediators of change in disordered eating: a single-arm pilot study of the Body Trust® framework. Eat Disord 2022; 30:618-646. [PMID: 34634212 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1985807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To enhance access to evidence-based treatment it is increasingly important to evaluate scalable virtual programs that support the needs of those struggling with disordered eating. This study described a scientifically grounded, trauma-informed framework known as Body Trust,® and aimed to pilot test the preliminary effectiveness and mechanisms of change in a Body Trust® program to improve disordered eating. Using quality outcomes data, we examined 70 mostly white (87%) female-identifying (97%) individuals enrolled in a 6-module online program based in the Body Trust® framework (Mage = 45.5 ±10.9; MBMI = 33.7 ±8.0). Putative mediators included traumatic stress, internalized weight stigma, and body shame. Outcomes were objective and subjective binge episodes, overvaluation of weight and shape, and eating concerns. Generalized estimating equations were applied to determine pre-to-post changes. We applied Montoya's MEMORE macro, the joint-significance test, and calculated 95% Monte Carlo confidence intervals to assess mediation. Significant pre-to-post improvements with medium to large effect sizes were detected for all outcomes and mediators (ps<.008). All hypothesized mechanisms supported mediation. Using the Body Trust® framework shows early promise for alleviating disordered eating symptoms through targeting traumatic stress, body shame, and internalized weight stigma. Given the program's use of mindfulness techniques, future research should test target mechanisms like interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell L Mensinger
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, United States
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Stoeten C, de Haan HA, Postel MG, Brusse-Keizer M, Ter Huurne ED. Therapeutic Alliance in Web-Based Treatment for Eating Disorders: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33813. [PMID: 35771608 PMCID: PMC9284349 DOI: 10.2196/33813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In face-to-face therapy for eating disorders, therapeutic alliance (TA) is an important predictor of symptom reduction and treatment completion. To date, however, little is known about TA during web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (web-CBT) and its association with symptom reduction, treatment completion, and the perspectives of patients versus therapists. Objective This study aimed to investigate TA ratings measured at interim and after treatment, separately for patients and therapists; the degree of agreement between therapists and patients (treatment completers and noncompleters) for TA ratings; and associations between patient and therapist TA ratings and both eating disorder pathology and treatment completion. Methods A secondary analysis was performed on randomized controlled trial data of a web-CBT intervention for eating disorders. Participants were 170 females with bulimia nervosa (n=33), binge eating disorder (n=68), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (n=69); the mean age was 39.6 (SD 11.5) years. TA was operationalized using the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ). Paired t tests were conducted to assess the change in TA from interim to after treatment. Intraclass correlations were calculated to determine cross-informant agreement with regard to HAQ scores between patients and therapists. A total of 2 stepwise regressive procedures (at interim and after treatment) were used to examine which HAQ scores predicted eating disorder pathology and therapy completion. Results For treatment completers (128/170, 75.3%), the HAQ-total scores and HAQ-Helpfulness scores for both patients and therapists improved significantly from interim to post treatment. For noncompleters (42/170, 24.7%), all HAQ scores decreased significantly. For all HAQ scales, the agreement between patients and therapists was poor. However, the agreement was slightly better after treatment than at interim. Higher patient scores on the helpfulness subscale of the HAQ at interim and after treatment were associated with less eating disorder psychopathology. A positive association was found between the HAQ-total patient scores at interim and treatment completion. Finally, posttreatment HAQ-total patient scores and posttreatment HAQ-Helpfulness scores of therapists were positively associated with treatment completion. Conclusions Our study showed that TA in web-CBT is predictive of eating disorder pathology and treatment completion. Of particular importance is patients’ confidence in their abilities as measured with the HAQ-Helpfulness subscale when predicting posttreatment eating disorder pathology and treatment completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stoeten
- Tactus Addiction Care, Deventer, Netherlands
- Mediant, Hengelo, Netherlands
| | - Hein Arnoud de Haan
- Tactus Addiction Care, Deventer, Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Philippe TJ, Sikder N, Jackson A, Koblanski ME, Liow E, Pilarinos A, Vasarhelyi K. Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e35159. [PMID: 35551058 PMCID: PMC9109782 DOI: 10.2196/35159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted mental health care delivery to digital platforms, videoconferencing, and other mobile communications. However, existing reviews of digital health interventions are narrow in scope and focus on a limited number of mental health conditions. OBJECTIVE To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive systematic meta-review of the literature to assess the state of digital health interventions for the treatment of mental health conditions. METHODS We searched MEDLINE for secondary literature published between 2010 and 2021 on the use, efficacy, and appropriateness of digital health interventions for the delivery of mental health care. RESULTS Of the 3022 records identified, 466 proceeded to full-text review and 304 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. A majority (52%) of research involved the treatment of substance use disorders, 29% focused on mood, anxiety, and traumatic stress disorders, and >5% for each remaining mental health conditions. Synchronous and asynchronous communication, computerized therapy, and cognitive training appear to be effective but require further examination in understudied mental health conditions. Similarly, virtual reality, mobile apps, social media platforms, and web-based forums are novel technologies that have the potential to improve mental health but require higher quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS Digital health interventions offer promise in the treatment of mental health conditions. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health interventions provide a safer alternative to face-to-face treatment. However, further research on the applications of digital interventions in understudied mental health conditions is needed. Additionally, evidence is needed on the effectiveness and appropriateness of digital health tools for patients who are marginalized and may lack access to digital health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J Philippe
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anna Jackson
- School of Social Work, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maya E Koblanski
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Liow
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andreas Pilarinos
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Krisztina Vasarhelyi
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Holmberg TT, Sainte-Marie M, Jensen EK, Linnet J, Runge E, Lichtenstein MB, Tarp K. An analysis of patient motivation for seeking online treatment for binge eating disorder-A mixed methods study combining systematic text condensation with sentiment analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:969115. [PMID: 36405908 PMCID: PMC9672086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.969115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Online treatment for binge eating disorder (BED) is an easily available option for treatment compared to most standard treatment procedures. However, little is known about how motivation types characterize this population and how these impact treatment adherence and effect in an online setting. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a sample of written motivation statements from BED patients, to learn more about how treatment and online treatment in particular, presents in this population. METHODS Using self-determination theory in a mixed methods context, we investigated which types of motivation were prevalent in our sample, how this was connected with patient sentiment, and how these constructs influence treatment and adherence. RESULTS Contrary to what most current literature suggests, we found that in our sample (n = 148), motivation type was not connected with treatment outcome. We did find a strong association between sentiment scores and motivation types, indicating the model is apt at detecting effects. We found that when comparing an adult and young adult population, they did not differ in motivation type and the treatment was equally effective in young adults and adults. In the sentiment scores there was a difference between sentiment score and adherence in the young adult group, as the more positive the young adults were, the less likely they were to complete the program. DISCUSSION Because motivation type does not influence online treatment to the same degree as it would in face-to-face treatment it indicates that the typical barriers to treatment may be less crucial in an online setting. This should be considered during intake; as less motivated patients may be able to adhere better to online treatment, because the latter imposes fewer barriers of the kind that only strong motivation can overcome. The fact that motivation type and sentiment score of the written texts are strongly associated, indicate a potential for automated models to detect motivation based on sentiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Theresa Holmberg
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maxime Sainte-Marie
- Department of Political Science, Danish Center for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Kjems Jensen
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Linnet
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Clinic on Gambling- and Binge Eating Disorder, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eik Runge
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine Tarp
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Center for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Actis GC. Telemedicine: historical roots, basic concepts, and today's use. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:1-3. [PMID: 34078034 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Citrome L. Binge Eating Disorder: A Psychiatrist's Commentary on Clinical Considerations. Clin Ther 2020; 43:7-16. [PMID: 33308878 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Of the 3 major eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), BED is the most common and exists in the practices of most primary care and psychiatric clinicians. However, BED often goes unrecognized and thus untreated. METHODS Reviewed in this commentary are the basic elements in the diagnosis of BED, demographic and clinical characteristics, screening options, the importance of comorbidities, pathophysiology, and available treatments. FINDINGS Psychological treatments, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and behavioral weight loss, have been recommended as first-line options and are supported by several different meta-analytic reviews. Lisdexamfetamine is currently the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED. Effect sizes for lisdexamfetamine versus placebo for response, remission, and avoidance of relapse in BED are robust, but its use may be limited by tolerability. This is also the case for topiramate, an anticonvulsant that has been used "off-label" to treat BED. IMPLICATIONS Additional medication choices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of BED are needed. Moving forward, opportunities to leverage modern technology to broaden access to treatment are highly desirable.
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