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Mohammed EM. Circular RNA in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenicity and Potential Biomarker Development: A Systematic Review. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231213195. [PMID: 38033465 PMCID: PMC10687999 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231213195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the CNS that affects millions of people worldwide. The causes of the disease remain unknown despite extensive efforts to understand it. CircRNAs are a unique class of endogenous non-coding RNA that are abundant, stable, conserved, and specifically expressed molecules, making them a promising biomarker of diseases. This review investigates the role of circRNA in MS pathogenicity and their potential as a biomarker through a comprehensive literature search conducted in 8 scientific databases. The studies found that there are differentially expressed circRNAs in MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC), and this difference is even more pronounced in different MS subtypes. Enrichment of circRNAs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks that harbor MS-associated SNPs suggests that these SNPs manipulate the levels of circRNAs in the surrounding area, contributing to disease pathogenicity. While circRNA shows promise as an indicator or biomarker for MS disease pathology, further research is needed to fully explore its potential and impact on human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman M Mohammed
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Medical Laboratory Department, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
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2
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Basri R, Awan FM, Yang BB, Awan UA, Obaid A, Naz A, Ikram A, Khan S, Haq IU, Khan SN, Aqeel MB. Brain-protective mechanisms of autophagy associated circRNAs: Kick starting self-cleaning mode in brain cells via circRNAs as a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1078441. [PMID: 36727091 PMCID: PMC9885805 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1078441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered autophagy is a hallmark of neurodegeneration but how autophagy is regulated in the brain and dysfunctional autophagy leads to neuronal death has remained cryptic. Being a key cellular waste-recycling and housekeeping system, autophagy is implicated in a range of brain disorders and altering autophagy flux could be an effective therapeutic strategy and has the potential for clinical applications down the road. Tight regulation of proteins and organelles in order to meet the needs of complex neuronal physiology suggests that there is distinct regulatory pattern of neuronal autophagy as compared to non-neuronal cells and nervous system might have its own separate regulator of autophagy. Evidence has shown that circRNAs participates in the biological processes of autophagosome assembly. The regulatory networks between circRNAs, autophagy, and neurodegeneration remains unknown and warrants further investigation. Understanding the interplay between autophagy, circRNAs and neurodegeneration requires a knowledge of the multiple steps and regulatory interactions involved in the autophagy pathway which might provide a valuable resource for the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest studies on the role of brain-protective mechanisms of autophagy associated circRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia) and how this knowledge can be leveraged for the development of novel therapeutics against them. Autophagy stimulation might be potential one-size-fits-all therapy for neurodegenerative disease as per considerable body of evidence, therefore future research on brain-protective mechanisms of autophagy associated circRNAs will illuminate an important feature of nervous system biology and will open the door to new approaches for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Basri
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Faryal Mehwish Awan, ✉ ;
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Usman Ayub Awan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Anam Naz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz ul Haq
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Noor Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muslim Bin Aqeel
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur, Pakistan
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3
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Piscopo P, Manzini V, Rivabene R, Crestini A, Le Pera L, Pizzi E, Veroni C, Talarico G, Peconi M, Castellano AE, D’Alessio C, Bruno G, Corbo M, Vanacore N, Lacorte E. A Plasma Circular RNA Profile Differentiates Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113232. [PMID: 36362022 PMCID: PMC9658433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently used biomarkers to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are Aβ42, total-Tau, and phospho-tau protein levels in CSF. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess hippocampal atrophy, 18F-FDG PET to identify abnormal brain metabolism, and PET imaging for amyloid deposition. These tests are rather complex and invasive and not easily applicable to clinical practice. Circulating non-coding RNAs, which are inherently stable and easy to manage, have been reported as promising biomarkers for central nervous system conditions. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a novel class of ncRNAs have gained attention. We carried out a pilot study on five participants with AD and five healthy controls (HC) investigating circRNAs by Arraystar Human Circular RNA Microarray V2.0. Among them, 26 circRNAs were differentially expressed (FC ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05) in participants with AD compared to HC. From a top 10 of differentially expressed circRNAs, a validation study was carried out on four up-regulated (hsa_circRNA_050263, hsa_circRNA_403959, hsa_circRNA_003022, hsa_circRNA_100837) and two down-regulated (hsa_circRNA_102049, hsa_circRNA_102619) circRNAs in a larger population. Moreover, five subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were investigated. The analysis confirmed the upregulation of hsa_circRNA_050263, hsa_circRNA_403959, and hsa_circRNA_003022 both in subjects with AD and in MCI compared to HCs. We also investigated all microRNAs potentially interacting with the studied circRNAs. The GO enrichment analysis shows they are involved in the development of the nervous system, and in the cellular response to nerve growth factor stimuli, protein phosphorylation, apoptotic processes, and inflammation pathways, all of which are processes related to the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Manzini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Roberto Rivabene
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzi
- Servizio Grandi Strumentazioni e Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Caterina Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Martina Peconi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo D’Alessio
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lacorte
- National Center for Disease Prevention ad Heath Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, RM, Italy
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4
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Vakili O, Asili P, Babaei Z, Mirahmad M, Keshavarzmotamed A, Asemi Z, Mafi A. Circular RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Perspective of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-125997. [PMID: 36043720 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220829164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as covalently closed single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules, have been recently identified to involve in several biological processes, principally through targeting microRNAs. Among various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), accumulating evidence has proposed key roles for circRNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); although the exact relationship between these RNA molecules and AD progression is not clear, they have been believed to mostly act as miRNA sponges or gene transcription modulators through correlating with multiple proteins, involved in the accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau protein, as AD's pathological hallmark. More interestingly, circRNAs have also been reported to play diagnostic and therapeutic roles during AD progression. OBJECTIVE Literature review indicated that circRNAs could essentially contribute to the onset and development of AD. Thus, in the current review, the circRNAs' biogenesis and functions are addressed at first, and then the interplay between particular circRNAs and AD is comprehensively discussed. Eventually, the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these noncoding RNAs is highlighted in brief. RESULTS A large number of circRNAs are expressed in the brain. Thereby, these RNA molecules are noticed as potential regulators of neural functions in healthy circumstances, as well as neurological disorders. Moreover, circRNAs have also been reported to have potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacities in relation to AD, the most prevalent ND. CONCLUSION CircRNAs have been shown to act as sponges for miRNAs, thereby regulating the function of related miRNAs, including oxidative stress, reduction of neuroinflammation, and the formation and metabolism of Aβ, all of which developed in AD. CircRNAs have also been proposed as biomarkers that have potential diagnostic capacities in AD. Despite these characteristics, the use of circRNAs as therapeutic targets and promising diagnostic biomarkers will require further investigation and characterization of the function of these RNA molecules in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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5
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Dorostgou Z, Yadegar N, Dorostgou Z, Khorvash F, Vakili O. Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1775-1790. [PMID: 35642104 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue-specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up- or downregulate the expression of α-Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Negar Yadegar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dorostgou
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Chen W, Hou C, Wang Y, Hong L, Wang F, Zhang J. Circular RNA circTLK1 regulates dopaminergic neuron injury during Parkinson's disease by targeting miR-26a-5p/DAPK1. Neurosci Lett 2022; 782:136638. [PMID: 35447224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is featured by the elevated loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and the disruption of motor functions. Aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is correlated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the role of circTLK1 in PD pathology. METHODS MPTP-stimulated in vivo PD mouse model and MPP+ and rotenone-induced in vitro PD model were established to investigate the function of circTLK1/miR-26a-5p/DAPK1 axis during dopaminergic neuron injury. The motor function of mice was evaluated by using the Rotarod test. Brain tissue damage was checked by hematoxylin and eosin, TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and LDH activity. The interaction between circTLK1 and miR-26a-5p as well as miR-26a-5p and DAPK1 was detected by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression of circTLK1 was notably elevated in in vitro and in vivo PD models. Knockdown of circTLK1 significantly improved cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and cytotoxicity, whereas inhibition of miR-16a-5p and overexpression of DAPK1 abolished these effects. MiR-26a-5p acts as a sponge of DAPK1 to mediate circTLK1 functions. Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the interaction between circTLK1 and miR-26a-5p as well as miR-26a-5p and DAPK1. CONCLUSION Depletion of circTLK1 mitigates dopaminergic neuron injury in vitro and in vivo, via releasing miR-26a-5p to target DAPK1 expression. Targeting circTLK1 may contribute to improving PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Changlong Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Zhu M, Lian C, Chen G, Zou P, Qin BG. CircRNA FUT10 regulates the regenerative potential of aged skeletal muscle stem cells by targeting HOXA9. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17428-17441. [PMID: 34257163 PMCID: PMC8312443 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of repairing itself after injury to maintain the stability of its own tissue, but this ability declines with aging. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in cell aging. However, there is little research into their role and underlying mechanisms, especially in skeletal muscle stem cells (SkMSCs). In this study, we assessed circRNA FUT10 expression in aged and adult SkMSCs. We observed that circRNA FUT10 was upregulated in aged SkMSCs compared with that in adult SkMSCs. Furthermore, we identified putative miR-365-3p binding sites on circRNA FUT10, suggesting that this circRNA sponges miR-365a-3p. We also found that HOXA9 is a downstream target of miR-365a-3p and confirmed that miR-365a-3p can bind to circRNA FUT10 and the 3′-untranslated region of HOXA9 mRNA. This finding indicated that miR-365a-3p might serve as a “bridge” between circRNA FUT10 and HOXA9. Finally, we found that the circRNA FUT10/miR365a-3p/HOXA9 axis is involved in SkMSC aging. Collectively, our results show that the circRNA FUT10/miR365a-3p/HOXA9 axis is a promising therapeutic target and are expected to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of degenerative muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghai Zhu
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR. China
| | - Chong Lian
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR. China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR. China
| | - Beng Gang Qin
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, PR. China
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8
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Liu D, Fang L. Current research on circular RNAs and their potential clinical implications in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0275. [PMID: 34018386 PMCID: PMC8330541 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers and the leading causes of death among women worldwide, and its morbidity rate is growing. Discovery of novel biomarkers is necessary for early BC detection, treatment, and prognostication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed continuous loops, have been found to have a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with BC, and they modulate gene expression affecting the proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of BC by specifically binding and regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, circRNAs can be used as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets for BC. This article summarizes the properties, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs, particularly current research on their association with BC proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200070, China
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9
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Mao X, Cao Y, Guo Z, Wang L, Xiang C. Biological roles and therapeutic potential of circular RNAs in osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:856-867. [PMID: 34026329 PMCID: PMC8131397 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and disabling joint disorder that is mainly characterized by cartilage degeneration and narrow joint spaces. The regulatory functions of non-coding RNAs (long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs [miRNAs], and circular RNAs [circRNAs]) in OA progression have attracted considerable attention, and the function of circular RNAs in the context of OA has been an increasingly popular research topic in the last 6 years. Recent studies have reported that various circRNAs can delay or aggravate diverse aspects of the OA process, including extracellular matrix formation, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy, via circRNA/miRNA/mRNA pathways. Thus, circRNAs and related pathways are potential therapeutic targets for OA. Our review provides comprehensive information about circRNAs, including their biogenesis, functions, and characteristics, and it reveals their critical roles in the pathogenesis of OA via a large regulatory network of sponges. Considering their regulatory functions and characteristics, we hypothesize that circRNAs not only can be transferred through bodily fluids to serve as diagnostic biomarkers, but they can also be released from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and delivered to OA chondrocytes acting as therapeutic circRNAs. Further investigations of the in-depth molecular mechanisms of action of circRNAs in OA are expected to provide effective and safe OA treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- MicroNano System Research Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.,College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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10
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Yang Q, Li F, He AT, Yang BB. Circular RNAs: Expression, localization, and therapeutic potentials. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1683-1702. [PMID: 33484969 PMCID: PMC8116570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are RNAs with a unique circular structure that is generated from back-splicing processes. These circular molecules were discovered more than 40 years ago but failed to raise scientific interest until lately. Increasing studies have found that these circular RNAs might not just be byproducts of the splicing process but possess important regulatory functions through different cellular events. Most circular RNAs are currently being studied in the field of cancer, and many of them have been confirmed to be involved in the process of tumorigenesis. However, many circular RNAs are implicated in the developmental stages of diseases other than cancer. In this review, we focus on discussing the role of circular RNAs in non-cancer diseases, especially in cardiovascular diseases. Following the summary of the life cycle of circRNAs, we provide input on studying circRNA-protein interactions based on our experience, which modulate protein translocation. Furthermore, we outline the potential of circRNAs to be potent biomarkers, effective therapeutic targets, and potential treatments in cardiovascular diseases as well as other non-cancer fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Medical Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Feiya Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Alina T He
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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11
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Gu Q, Liu H, Ma J, Yuan J, Li X, Qiao L. A Narrative Review of Circular RNAs in Brain Development and Diseases of Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:706012. [PMID: 34621711 PMCID: PMC8490812 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.706012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated by back-splicing are the vital class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs are highly abundant and stable in eukaryotes, and many of them are evolutionarily conserved. They are blessed with higher expression in mammalian brains and could take part in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In addition, premature birth is important in neurodevelopmental diseases. Brain damage in preterm infants may represent the main cause of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders in surviving babies. Until recently, more and more researches have been evidenced that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy of premature. We aim at explaining neuroinflammation promoting the brain damage. In this review, we summarize the current findings of circRNAs properties, expression, and functions, as well as their significances in the neurodevelopmental impairments, white matter damage (WMD) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). So we think that circRNAs have a direct impact on neurodevelopment and brain injury, and will be a powerful tool in the repair of the injured immature brain. Even though their exact roles and mechanisms of gene regulation remain elusive, circRNAs have potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers for brain damage and the target for neuroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Gu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianchang People's Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Xinger Li
- Department of Biobank, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao Y, Jaber V, Alexandrov PN, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:585432. [PMID: 33192270 PMCID: PMC7664832 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.585432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression patterns in brain tissues, the systemic circulation, the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). miRNAs have been investigated as candidate biomarkers for AD diagnosis, disease prediction, prognosis and therapeutic purposes because of their involvement in multiple brain signaling pathways in both health and disease. In this review we will: (i) highlight the significantly heterogeneous nature of miRNA expression and complexity in AD tissues and biofluids; (ii) address how information may be extracted from these data to be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and/or screening tools across the entire continuum of AD, from the preclinical stage, through the prodromal, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase all the way to clinically overt dementia; and (iii) consider how specific miRNA expression patterns could be categorized using miRNA reporters that span AD pathophysiological initiation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivian Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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