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Attia MM, Yehia N, Mohamed Soliman M, Shukry M, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM. Evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of the chitosan-silver nanocomposites in the treatment of experimentally infested pigeons with Pseudolynchia canariensis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1644-1652. [PMID: 35280576 PMCID: PMC8913377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan-silver nanocomposites in the treatment of experimentally infested pigeons with Pseudolynchia canariensis (P. canariensis) with evaluation of different immunological parameters before and after treatment. Therefore, fourteen birds were divided into 2 groups; group1(infested group including 12 birds) which subdivided into 6 sub-groups experimentally infested pigeons 2 pigeons each, and five group of them were treated with chitosan-silver nanocomposites and sub-group number 6 was treated with deltamethrin while, group 2 including two pigeons were kept as control negative ones. P. canariensis flies distributed under the wing and /or under the tail in infested group and these pigeons showed significantly lower RBCs and higher WBCs than that in non-infested pigeons. The cell mediated immune response against experimentally infested pigeons with P. canariensis was studied. P. canariensis infestation in pigeons have a negative impact on pigeon’s blood parameters, increase TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines levels. This study cleared out the role of P. canariensis in the induction of a case of oxidative stress indicated by high level of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) with low antioxidant capacity in shape of reduced zinc concentration in the sera of experimentally infested pigeon. Chitosan-silver nanocomposite has a promising effect in the elimination of P. canariensis infestation in pigeons.
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Cheynel L, Gilot-Fromont E, Rey B, Quéméré E, Débias F, Duhayer J, Pardonnet S, Pellerin M, Gaillard JM, Lemaître JF. Maternal effects shape offspring physiological condition but do not senesce in a wild mammal. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:661-670. [PMID: 33529428 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, offspring survival often decreases with increasing maternal age. While many studies have reported a decline in fitness-related traits of offspring with increasing maternal age, the study of senescence in maternal effect through age-specific changes in offspring physiological condition is still at its infancy. We assessed the influence of maternal age and body mass on offspring physiological condition in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental conditions. We measured seven markers to index body condition and characterize the immune profile in 86 fawns which became recently independent of their known-aged mothers. We did not find striking effects of maternal age on offspring physiological condition measured at 8 months of age. This absence of evidence for senescence in maternal effects is likely due to the strong viability selection observed in the very first months of life in this species. Offspring physiological condition was, on the other hand, positively influenced by maternal body mass. Between-population differences in environmental conditions experienced by fawns also influenced their average body condition and immune phenotype. Fawns facing food limitation displayed lower values in some markers of body condition (body mass and haemoglobin levels) than those living in good quality habitat. They also allocated preferentially to humoral immunity, contrary to those living in good conditions, which allocated more to cellular response. These results shed a new light on the eco-physiological pathways mediating the relationship between mother's mass and offspring condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cheynel
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystems Health, Ouest, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - François Débias
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Duhayer
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvia Pardonnet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie 8 Evolutive UMR5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
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Kowalczyk J, Śmiałek M, Tykałowski B, Dziewulska D, Stenzel T, Koncicki A. Field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer from breeder turkey hens to egg yolks, egg whites, and poults. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3150-3157. [PMID: 30919905 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins, which are passed vertically from hens to their progeny, are first present in the eggs but with time also in the developing embryos and eventually in the serum of hatching chicks, and have protective function during embryogenesis and in the first few weeks of birds' life, before the immune system becomes fully efficient. Considering the above fact, the aim of this study was to determine total levels of IgM and IgY as well as specific IgY antibody titers against selected pathogens in the serum of breeder turkeys and their progeny, as well as in egg yolks and egg whites. Study results demonstrated that the level of IgY antibodies in the serum of turkey breeder hens reached 22.04 mg/mL on average in the whole egg laying cycle. In addition, the mean transfer percentage of IgY antibodies from turkey layers to their progeny reached approximately 31.4%, but the level of this transfer differed depending on pathogen character and accounted for 33.2%, 51.9%, 45.1%, and 44.3% in the case of antibodies against avian metapneumoviruses, Newcastle disease virus, Ornithobacterium rhinortacheale, and Pasteurella multocida, respectively. Antibody percentage transfer differed also as affected by the stage of the egg production cycle. Study results confirmed the earlier observed dependency concerning the class of antibodies transferred to eggs from laying hens, and while the IgY were mainly detected in the egg yolk extracts, the IgM were found only in egg white extracts; in comparison to IgY, the IgM antibodies were not transferred to the serum of turkey poults. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that describes in detail the phenomenon of maternal antibody transfer in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalczyk
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Śmiałek
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Tykałowski
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Daria Dziewulska
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Torres R, Chin E, Rampton R, Williams TD. Are there synergistic or antagonistic effects of multiple maternally-derived egg components (antibodies and testosterone) on offspring phenotype? J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.196956. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.196956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Eggs are ‘multivariate’ in that they contain multiple maternally-derived egg components (e.g. hormones, antibodies, mRNA, antioxidants) which are thought to influence offspring phenotype. However, most studies have focused on single egg components and on short-term effects. Here, we simultaneously manipulated two egg components, maternally-derived antibodies (MAb) and yolk testosterone (T) to assess potential synergistic or antagonistic effects on offspring phenotype from hatching to sexual maturity. We found no evidence for short-or long-term effects of either MAb or yolk T alone, or their interaction, on hatching mass, size at fledging (tarsus), body mass at sexual maturity (day 82), chick survival, humoral immune function, or any measured female reproductive trait at sexual maturity. There was a positive effect of yolk T, but not MAb, on offspring PHA response at 26 days of age but at 82 days of age MAb, but not yolk T, had a positive effect on PHA response. There was also a MAb*sex interaction on 30 day chick mass, and a positive effect of yolk T on male courtship behaviour at sexual maturity. However, we found no evidence for synergy, i.e. where offspring treated both with MAb and yolk T had higher trait values than offspring treated with either MAb or yolk T alone for any measured trait. Similarly, evidence for antagonistic (compensatory) effects, where offspring treated both with MAb and yolk T had intermediate trait values compared with offspring treated with either MAb or yolk T alone, was equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Torres
- Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, A.P. 70-275, Mexico D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Eunice Chin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 4H8, Canada
| | - Rowan Rampton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 4H8, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 4H8, Canada
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Martyka R, Śliwińska EB, Martyka M, Cichoń M, Tryjanowski P. The effect of pre-laying maternal immunization on offspring growth and immunity differs across experimentally altered postnatal rearing conditions in a wild songbird. Front Zool 2018; 15:25. [PMID: 29946341 PMCID: PMC6006776 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal antibody transfer is an immune-mediated maternal effect by which females can shape postnatal offspring resistance to pathogens and parasites. Maternal antibodies passed on to offspring provide primary protection to neonates against diverse pathogenic antigens, but they may also affect offspring growth and influence the development of an offspring’s own immune response. The effects of maternal antibodies on offspring performance commonly require that the disease environment experienced by a mother prior to breeding matches the environment encountered by her offspring after hatching/birth. However, other circumstances, like postnatal rearing conditions that affect offspring food availability, may also determine the effects of maternal antibodies on offspring growth and immunity. To date, knowledge about how prenatal immune-mediated maternal effects interact with various postnatal rearing conditions to affect offspring development and phenotype in wild bird population remains elusive. Here we experimentally studied the interactive effects of pre-laying maternal immunization with a bacterial antigen (lipopolysaccharide) and post-hatching rearing conditions, altered by brood size manipulation, on offspring growth and humoral immunity of wild great tits (Parus major). Results We found that maternal immunization and brood size manipulation interactively affected the growth and specific humoral immune response of avian offspring. Among nestlings reared in enlarged broods, only those that originated from immunized mothers grew better and were heavier at fledging stage compared to those that originated from non-immunized mothers. In contrast, no such effects were observed among nestlings reared in non-manipulated (control) broods. Moreover, offspring of immunized females had a stronger humoral immune response to lipopolysaccharide during postnatal development than offspring of non-immunized females, but only when the nestling was reared in control broods. Conclusions This study demonstrates that offspring development and their ability to cope with pathogens after hatching are driven by mutual influences of pathogen-induced prenatal maternal effects and post-hatching rearing conditions. Our findings suggest that immune-mediated maternal effects may have context-dependent influences on offspring growth and immune function, related to the postnatal environmental conditions experienced by the progeny. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-018-0272-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Martyka
- 1Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa B Śliwińska
- 1Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Martyka
- 1Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Cichoń
- 2Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- 3Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
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Recent advances in vertebrate and invertebrate transgenerational immunity in the light of ecology and evolution. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:225-238. [PMID: 29915335 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental experience with parasites and pathogens can lead to increased offspring resistance to infection, through a process known as transgenerational immune priming (TGIP). Broadly defined, TGIP occurs across a wide range of taxa, and can be viewed as a type of phenotypic plasticity, with hosts responding to the pressures of relevant local infection risk by altering their offspring's immune defenses. There are ever increasing examples of both invertebrate and vertebrate TGIP, which go beyond classical examples of maternal antibody transfer. Here we critically summarize the current evidence for TGIP in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Mechanisms underlying TGIP remain elusive in many systems, but while it is unlikely that they are conserved across the range of organisms with TGIP, recent insight into epigenetic modulation may challenge this view. We place TGIP into a framework of evolutionary ecology, discussing costs and relevant environmental variation. We highlight how the ecology of species or populations should affect if, where, when, and how TGIP is realized. We propose that the field can progress by incorporating evolutionary ecology focused designs to the study of the so far well chronicled, but mostly descriptive TGIP, and how rapidly developing -omic methods can be employed to further understand TGIP across taxa.
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Burness G, Moher D, Ben-Ezra N, Kelly RJ, Hasselquist D, Chin EH. Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/4/bio028803. [PMID: 29618466 PMCID: PMC5936053 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Female birds transfer maternally derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings from receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each female's nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and the 4-h post-immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control nestlings from LPS mothers had higher resting MR than control nestlings of control mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general non-specific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin and higher fledging success. Our results suggest that maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability. Summary: Exposure of female birds to a simulated pathogen prior to egg laying increases the metabolic rate, immune function, and fledging success of her nestlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Deanna Moher
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Noah Ben-Ezra
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Ryan J Kelly
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Eunice H Chin
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
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Beemelmanns A, Roth O. Grandparental immune priming in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28173760 PMCID: PMC5297188 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenotypic changes in response to environmental influences can persist from one generation into the next. In many systems parental parasite experience influences offspring immune responses, known as transgenerational immune priming (TGIP). TGIP in vertebrates is mainly maternal and short-term, supporting the adaptive immune system of the offspring during its maturation. However, if fathers and offspring have a close physical connection, evolution of additional paternal immune priming can be adaptive. Biparental TGIP may result in maximized immunological protection. Here, we investigate multigenerational biparental TGIP in the sex-role reversed pipefish Syngnathus typhle by exposing grandparents to an immune challenge with heat-killed bacteria and assessing gene expression (44 target genes) of the F2-generation. Results Grandparental immune challenge induced gene expression of immune genes in one-week-old grandoffspring. Similarly, genes mediating epigenetic regulation including DNA-methylation and histone modifications were involved in grandparental immune priming. While grand-maternal impact was strong on genes of the complement component system, grand-paternal exposure changed expression patterns of genes mediating innate immune defense. Conclusion In a system with male pregnancy, grandparents influenced the immune system of their grandoffspring in a sex-specific manner, demonstrating multigenerational biparental TGIP. The involvement of epigenetic effects suggests that TGIP via the paternal line may not be limited to the pipefish system that displays male pregnancy. While the benefits and costs of grandparental TGIP depend on the temporal heterogeneity of environmental conditions, multigenerational TGIP may affect host-parasite coevolution by dampening the amplitude of Red Queen Dynamics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0885-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Ismail A, Jacquin L, Haussy C, Perret S, Gasparini J. Transfer of humoural immunity over two generations in urban pigeons. Biol Lett 2016; 11:rsbl.2015.0780. [PMID: 26559513 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal antibodies (MatAb) are known to provide passive protection early in life for young vertebrates but their effects on the development of offspring immune response across generations are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of antigen exposure (keyhole limpet haemocyanin, KLH) experienced by urban pigeon (Columba livia) females on the amount of antigen-specific antibodies (Abs) transferred into the egg yolk of their daughters and on the humoural immune response towards this same antigen in their grandchildren. We found that chicks from KLH-injected maternal grandmothers had a higher humoural response than chicks from sham-injected grandmothers. However, we did not detect a significant effect of female KLH exposure on the ability of their daughters to transmit anti-KLH Abs into their eggs. These results suggest that antigen exposure at one generation may shape the immune profile of offspring over two next generations, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ismail
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de, Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - L Jacquin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de, Paris, F-75005, Paris, France CNRS, ENFA, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - C Haussy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de, Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - S Perret
- Centre d'Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive CEREEP-Ecotron Ile-De-France CNRS ENS, UMS 3194, Ecole Normale Supérieure, St-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - J Gasparini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de, Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
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Beemelmanns A, Roth O. Biparental immune priming in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:262-72. [PMID: 27477613 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of immunity from parents to offspring (trans-generational immune priming (TGIP)) boosts offspring immune defence and parasite resistance. TGIP is usually a maternal trait. However, if fathers have a physical connection to their offspring, and if offspring are born in the paternal parasitic environment, evolution of paternal TGIP can become adaptive. In Syngnathus typhle, a sex-role reversed pipefish with male pregnancy, both parents invest into offspring immune defence. To connect TGIP with parental investment, we need to know how parents share the task of TGIP, whether TGIP is asymmetrically distributed between the parents, and how the maternal and paternal effects interact in case of biparental TGIP. We experimentally investigated the strength and differences but also the costs of maternal and paternal contribution, and their interactive biparental influence on offspring immune defence throughout offspring maturation. To disentangle maternal and paternal influences, two different bacteria were used in a fully reciprocal design for parental and offspring exposure. In offspring, we measured gene expression of 29 immune genes, 15 genes associated with epigenetic regulation, immune cell activity and life-history traits. We identified asymmetric maternal and paternal immune priming with a dominating, long-lasting paternal effect. We could not detect an additive adaptive biparental TGIP impact. However, biparental TGIP harbours additive costs as shown in delayed sexual maturity. Epigenetic regulation may play a role both in maternal and paternal TGIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Broggi J, Soriguer RC, Figuerola J. Transgenerational effects enhance specific immune response in a wild passerine. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1766. [PMID: 27069782 PMCID: PMC4824879 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate mothers transfer diverse compounds to developing embryos that can affect their development and final phenotype (i.e., maternal effects). However, the way such effects modulate offspring phenotype, in particular their immunity, remains unclear. To test the impact of maternal effects on offspring development, we treated wild breeding house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Sevilla, SE Spain with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. Female parents were vaccinated when caring for first broods, eliciting a specific immune response to NDV. The immune response to the same vaccine, and to the PHA inflammatory test were measured in 11-day-old chicks from their following brood. Vaccinated chicks from vaccinated mothers developed a stronger specific response that was related to maternal NDV antibody concentration while rearing their chicks. The chicks' carotenoid concentration and total antioxidant capacity in blood were negatively related to NDV antibody concentration, whereas no relation with PHA response was found. Specific NDV antibodies could not be detected in 11-day-old control chicks from vaccinated mothers, implying that maternally transmitted antibodies are not directly involved but may promote offspring specific immunity through a priming effect, while other immunity components remain unaffected. Maternally transmitted antibodies in the house sparrow are short-lived, depend on maternal circulation levels and enhance pre-fledging chick specific immunity when exposed to the same pathogens as the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Broggi
- Wetland Ecology, Esatción Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO/CISC/PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain
| | - Ramon C Soriguer
- Etologia y Conservacion de la Biodiversidad, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Wetland Ecology, Esatción Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Eggert H, Kurtz J, Diddens-de Buhr MF. Different effects of paternal trans-generational immune priming on survival and immunity in step and genetic offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.2089. [PMID: 25355479 PMCID: PMC4240996 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paternal trans-generational immune priming, whereby fathers provide immune protection to offspring, has been demonstrated in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum exposed to the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. It is currently unclear how such protection is transferred, as in contrast to mothers, fathers do not directly provide offspring with a large amount of substances. In addition to sperm, male flour beetles transfer seminal fluids in a spermatophore to females during copulation. Depending on whether paternal trans-generational immune priming is mediated by sperm or seminal fluids, it is expected to either affect only the genetic offspring of a male, or also their step offspring that are sired by another male. We therefore conducted a double-mating experiment and found that only the genetic offspring of an immune primed male show enhanced survival upon bacterial challenge, while phenoloxidase activity, an important insect immune trait, and the expression of the immune receptor PGRP were increased in all offspring. This indicates that information leading to enhanced survival upon pathogen exposure is transferred via sperm, and thus potentially constitutes an epigenetic effect, whereas substances transferred with the seminal fluid could have an additional influence on offspring immune traits and immunological alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Eggert
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Maike F Diddens-de Buhr
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
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Eggert H, Diddens-de Buhr MF, Kurtz J. A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1318-26. [PMID: 25859336 PMCID: PMC4377274 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a species where TGIP has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or cold shock and examined offspring survival after bacterial infection with the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon TGIP. We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a cold shock. Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental heat shock reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or heat shock delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Eggert
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Hüfferstraße 1, Münster, DE-48149, Germany
| | - Maike F Diddens-de Buhr
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Hüfferstraße 1, Münster, DE-48149, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Hüfferstraße 1, Münster, DE-48149, Germany
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Merrill L, Grindstaff JL. Maternal antibody transfer can lead to suppression of humoral immunity in developing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:740-51. [PMID: 25244385 DOI: 10.1086/677218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maternally transferred antibodies have been documented in a wide range of taxa and are thought to adaptively provide protection against parasites and pathogens while the offspring immune system is developing. In most birds, transfer occurs when females deposit immunoglobulin Y into the egg yolk, and it is proportional to the amount in the female's plasma. Maternal antibodies can provide short-term passive protection as well as specific and nonspecific immunological priming, but high levels of maternal antibody can result in suppression of the offspring's humoral immune response. We injected adult female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with one of two antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) or a control and then injected offspring with LPS, KLH, or a control on days 5 and 28 posthatch to examine the impact of maternally transferred antibodies on the ontogeny of the offspring's humoral immune system. We found that offspring of females exposed to KLH had elevated levels of KLH-reactive antibody over the first 17-28 days posthatch but reduced KLH-specific antibody production between days 28 and 36. We also found that offspring exposed to either LPS or KLH exhibited reduced total antibody levels, compared to offspring that received a control injection. These results indicate that high levels of maternal antibodies or antigen exposure during development can have negative repercussions on short-term antibody production and may have long-term fitness repercussions for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Merrill
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; 2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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15
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McLean AHC, Arce AN, Smiseth PT, Rozen DE. Late-life and intergenerational effects of larval exposure to microbial competitors in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1205-16. [PMID: 24797307 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational effects can have either adaptive or nonadaptive impacts on offspring performance. Such effects are likely to be of ecological and evolutionary importance in animals with extended parental care, such as birds, mammals and some insects. Here, we studied the effects of exposure to microbial competition during early development on subsequent reproductive success in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, an insect with elaborate parental care. We found that exposure to high levels of microbial competition both during a female's larval development and during her subsequent reproduction resulted in females rearing smaller broods than those exposed to lower levels of microbial competition. To determine whether these differences arose before or after offspring hatching, a cross-fostering experiment was conducted. Our results demonstrate that the impact of larval competition with microbes for resources extends into adult life and can negatively affect subsequent generations via impacts on the quality of parental care provided after hatching. However, we also find evidence for some positive effects of previous microbial exposure on prehatch investment, suggesting that the long-term results of competition with microbes may include altering the balance of parental investment between prehatch and post-hatch care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H C McLean
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Marchandeau S, Pontier D, Guitton JS, Letty J, Fouchet D, Aubineau J, Berger F, Léonard Y, Roobrouck A, Gelfi J, Peralta B, Bertagnoli S. Early infections by myxoma virus of young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) protected by maternal antibodies activate their immune system and enhance herd immunity in wild populations. Vet Res 2014; 45:26. [PMID: 24589193 PMCID: PMC4014812 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of maternal antibodies is to protect newborns against acute early infection by pathogens. This can be achieved either by preventing any infection or by allowing attenuated infections associated with activation of the immune system, the two strategies being based on different cost/benefit ratios. We carried out an epidemiological survey of myxomatosis, which is a highly lethal infectious disease, in two distant wild populations of rabbits to describe the epidemiological pattern of the disease. Detection of specific IgM and IgG enabled us to describe the pattern of immunity. We show that maternal immunity attenuates early infection of juveniles and enables activation of their immune system. This mechanism associated with steady circulation of the myxoma virus in both populations, which induces frequent reinfections of immune rabbits, leads to the maintenance of high immunity levels within populations. Thus, myxomatosis has a low impact, with most infections being asymptomatic. This work shows that infection of young rabbits protected by maternal antibodies induces attenuated disease and activates their immune system. This may play a major role in reducing the impact of a highly lethal disease when ecological conditions enable permanent circulation of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Marchandeau
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Pontier
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- LabEx ECOFECT - Eco-evolutionary dynamics of infectious diseases, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Guitton
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Letty
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 34990 Juvignac, France
| | - David Fouchet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- LabEx ECOFECT - Eco-evolutionary dynamics of infectious diseases, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jacky Aubineau
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Francis Berger
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Yves Léonard
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Roobrouck
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des études et de la recherche, 44323 Nantes, France
| | - Jacqueline Gelfi
- INRA, UMR 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Peralta
- INRA, UMR 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Bertagnoli
- INRA, UMR 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, 31076 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
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17
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Edwards D, Haring M, Gilchrist H, Schulte-Hostedde A. Do social mating systems limit maternal immune investment in shorebirds? CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Across mating systems, females differ in the amount of resources they invest in offspring. For example, polyandrous females invest in acquiring multiple matings rather than providing parental care. We examined how the amount of maternal immune investment, measured as immunoglobulin Y and lysozyme activity in eggs, was influenced by female role across three social mating systems (polyandry, polygyny, and monogamy) in shorebirds. We predicted that polyandry should impose the greatest costs on the ability to provision eggs and monogamy, where females receive benefits from biparentality, the least. Contrary to our predictions, levels of maternally derived egg immune constituents were consistently high across measures in the polyandrous species and low in the monogamous species. Our results may support a link with pace-of-life where developmental costs are greater than the energetic costs of provisioning eggs, and (or) a role for sexual selection acting on maternal immune investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.B. Edwards
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M. Haring
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - H.G. Gilchrist
- Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - A.I. Schulte-Hostedde
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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18
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Arriero E, Majewska A, Martin TE. Ontogeny of constitutive immunity: maternal vs. endogenous influences. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arriero
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Ania Majewska
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Thomas E. Martin
- U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
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19
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Roth O, Klein V, Beemelmanns A, Scharsack JP, Reusch TBH. Male Pregnancy and Biparental Immune Priming. Am Nat 2012; 180:802-14. [DOI: 10.1086/668081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Doris PA. Genetic susceptibility to hypertensive renal disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3751-63. [PMID: 22562581 PMCID: PMC3422437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive renal disease occurs at increased frequency among the relatives of patients with this disease compared to individuals who lack a family history of disease. This suggests a heritable risk in which genetic variation may play a role. These observations have motivated a search for genetic variation contributing to this risk in both experimental animal models and in human populations. Studies of animal models indicate the capacity of natural genetic variants to contribute to disease risk and have produced a few insights into the disease mechanism. In its current phase, human population genetic studies have sought to associate genetic variation with disease in large populations by testing genotypes at a large number of common genetic variations in the genome, expecting that common genetic variants contributing to renal disease risk will be identified. These genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been productive and are a clear technical success; they have also identified narrowly defined loci and genes containing variation contributing to disease risk. Further extension and refinement of these GWAS are likely to extend this success. However, it is also clear that few additional variants with substantial effects accounting for the greatest part of heritability will be uncovered by GWAS. This raises an interesting biological question regarding where the remaining unaccounted heritable risk may be located. At present, much consideration is being given to this question and to the challenge of testing hypotheses that lead from the various alternative mechanisms under consideration. One result of the progress of GWAS is likely to be a renewed interest in mechanisms by which related individuals can share and transmit traits independently of Mendelian inheritance. This paper reviews the current progress in this area and considers other mechanisms by which familial aggregation of risk for renal disease may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Triggs
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary; University of London; Mile End Road London E14NS UK
| | - Robert J. Knell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary; University of London; Mile End Road London E14NS UK
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22
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Kankova Z, Zeman M, Okuliarova M. Growth and innate immunity are not limited by selection for high egg testosterone content in Japanese quail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:617-22. [PMID: 22279068 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.064030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of maternal androgens on fitness-related traits of offspring are generally assumed to be epigenetic adaptations to the environment that may be encountered by the next generation. Possible constraints of high yolk androgen transfer are still not understood, although a suppressed immune response in offspring is frequently considered. The aim of our study was to examine the innate immune defence in high (HET) and low egg testosterone (LET) lines of Japanese quail, which differ in the hormonal milieu of their eggs, thus providing a good physiological model for the study of androgen-mediated maternal effects. Acute phase response was induced by a lipopolysaccharide injection in 12-day-old quail and plasma corticosterone and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio were measured at 1 and 3 h post-treatment. Basal levels of non-specific antibodies (IgY) were determined in the circulation. We found that HET quail were heavier than LET quail from the second week of age, indicating enhanced post-hatching growth. At 1 h post-lipopolysaccharide challenge, plasma corticosterone concentrations increased in the HET but not in the LET line. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio rose in both lines at 3 h post-immune challenge, with a more pronounced response in HET quail. Moreover, HET chicks displayed higher IgY levels than LET chicks, suggesting either enhanced passive immunoprotection or stimulated endogenous antibody production. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the genetic selection for high egg testosterone content positively influences growth and, simultaneously, does not limit the acute phase response in young quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kankova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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23
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Abstract
Familial risk in hypertensive renal disease has stimulated a search for genetic variation contributing to this risk. The current phase of population genetic studies has sought to associate genetic variation with disease in large populations by testing genotypes at a large number of common genetic variations in the genome, expecting that common genetic variants contributing to renal disease risk will be identified. These genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been productive and are a clear technical success. It is also clear that narrowly defined loci and genes containing variation contributing to disease risk have been identified. Further extension and refinement of these GWAS are likely to extend this success. However, it is also clear that few if any variants with substantial effects accounting for the greatest part of heritability will be uncovered by GWAS. This raises an interesting biological question regarding where the remaining heritable risk may be located. One result of the progress of GWAS is likely to be a renewed interest in mechanisms by which related individuals can share and transmit traits independently of Mendelian inheritance. This paper reviews current progress in this area and considers other mechanisms by which familial aggregation of risk for renal disease may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Braun
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Jacquin L, Blottière L, Haussy C, Perret S, Gasparini J. Prenatal and postnatal parental effects on immunity and growth in ‘lactating’ pigeons. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Rutkowska J, Martyka R, Arct A, Cichoń M. Offspring survival is negatively related to maternal response to sheep red blood cells in zebra finches. Oecologia 2012; 168:355-9. [PMID: 21909701 PMCID: PMC3261409 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is an important player in individual trade-offs, but what has rarely been explored is how different strategies of investment in immune response may affect reproductive decisions. We examined the relationship between the strength of maternal immune response and offspring viability and immune response in captive zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata. In three independent experiments, the females and subsequently their adult offspring were challenged with sheep red blood cells, and their responses were measured. There was no relationship between offspring immune response and that of their mothers. However, we found offspring survival until adulthood to be negatively related to maternal antibody titers. That effect was consistent among all experiments and apparent despite the fact that we partially cross-fostered newly hatched nestlings between nests of different females. This suggests that the observed effects of maternal immune response is not mediated by potentially altered female rearing abilities. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the relationship between the strength of the immune response and between-generational fitness costs in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rutkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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26
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Ardia DR, Parmentier HK, Vogel LA. The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Ardia
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, USA
| | - Henk K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A. Vogel
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
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27
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De Coster G, De Neve L, Martín-Gálvez D, Therry L, Lens L. Variation in innate immunity in relation to ectoparasite load, age and season: a field experiment in great tits (Parus major). J Exp Biol 2010; 213:3012-8. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.042721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
It remains largely unknown which factors affect the innate immune responses of free-living birds. Nevertheless, the degree of innate immunity may play a crucial role in an individual's survival as it procures the first defence against pathogens. We manipulated the ectoparasite load of great tit (Parus major) nests by infesting them with hen fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae) before egg laying. We subsequently quantified natural antibody (NAb) concentration and complement activation in nestlings and adult females during breeding and post-breeding periods. NAb concentrations increased in nestlings and adult females breeding in flea-infested nest boxes during the nestling provisioning period, but not in breeding females during incubation. In contrast, parasite abundance did not affect levels of complement activity in females. NAb levels of nestlings were already fully developed at the end of the nestling stage, but complement activation was only observed post-fledging. Concentrations of NAbs and complement activation of adult females were significantly lower during the breeding season compared with post-breeding levels, but did not differ between incubation and chick rearing. Further experimental studies in species that vary in life-history strategies will allow us to unravel the mechanisms underlying the observed variation in innate immune defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet De Coster
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Neve
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Martín-Gálvez
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Lieven Therry
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Ma H, Ning Z, Lu Y, Han H, Wang S, Mu J, Li J, Lian Z, Li N. Monocytes-macrophages phagocytosis as a potential marker for disease resistance in generation 1 of dwarf chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2022-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Staszewski V, Siitari H. Antibody injection in the egg yolk: maternal antibodies affect humoral immune response of the offspring. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Addison B, Ricklefs RE, Klasing KC. Do maternally derived antibodies and early immune experience shape the adult immune response? Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Maternal effects and early-life performance are associated with parasite resistance across life in free-living Soay sheep. Parasitology 2010; 137:1261-73. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYMaternal effects occur when the maternal phenotype influences that of the offspring in addition to the effects of maternal genes, and may have a considerable influence on offspring parasite resistance. These effects, and the effects of early levels of reproduction and parasite resistance, may persist into later life and even influence ageing rates. Here we analyse a 20-year longitudinal data set collected on a free-living population of Soay sheep, to investigate the associations between a suite of maternal phenotypic traits and early-life performance on measures of parasite resistance across life. Our results show that maternal effects are important in determining offspring parasite resistance, since lambs born as twins and those born to the youngest and oldest mothers show higher parasite burdens. We show that the association between parasite resistance and natal litter size persists into adulthood. We also show that age-specific changes in parasite resistance in males are associated with natal litter size, and that age-specific changes in females are influenced by early-life levels of reproduction and parasite infection. These results add to the growing evidence that conditions experienced by individuals during development can have a profound influence on immediate and late-life performance and may even influence ageing.
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32
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Addison B, Klasing KC, Robinson WD, Austin SH, Ricklefs RE. Ecological and life-history factors influencing the evolution of maternal antibody allocation: a phylogenetic comparison. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3979-87. [PMID: 19710063 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally derived yolk antibodies provide neonates with immune protection in early life at negligible cost to mothers. However, developmental effects on the neonate's future immunity are potentially costly and thus could limit yolk antibody deposition. The benefits to neonatal immunity must be balanced against costs, which may depend on neonate vulnerability to pathogens, developmental trajectories and the immunological strategies best suited to a species' pace of life. We measured yolk antibodies and life-history features of 23 species of small Neotropical birds and assessed the evidence for each of several hypotheses for life history and ecological effects on the evolution of yolk antibody levels. Developmental period and yolk antibodies are negatively related, which possibly reflect the importance of humoral immune priming through antigen exposure, and selection to avoid autoimmunity, in species with a slower pace of life. There is also a strong relationship between body size and yolk antibody concentration, suggesting that larger species are architecturally equipped to produce and transfer higher concentrations of antibodies. These results suggest that developmental effects of maternally derived antibodies, such as imprinting effects on B-cell diversity or autoimmune effects, are important and deserve more consideration in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Addison
- Biology Department, University of Missouri-St Louis, , 1 University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Hasselquist D, Nilsson JA. Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates: trans-generational effects on offspring immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:51-60. [PMID: 18926976 PMCID: PMC2666691 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal effects by which females provide their offspring with non-genetic factors such as hormones, nutrients and antibodies can have an important impact on offspring fitness. In vertebrates, maternal antibodies (matAb) are transferred from the mother, via the placenta, egg yolk or milk during lactation to offspring until they are 2 weeks (birds), 4-10 weeks (rodents) and 9 months (humans) old, respectively. matAb transfer can have direct effects on offspring growth rate in birds and rodents, probably by passively protecting the newborn from common pathogens before their endogenous immune system has matured. Indirect long-term effects of matAb transfer on the offspring's own immunity can be synergistic, if matAb act as antigen templates of the accumulated immunological experience of the mother and educate the newborn's immune system. However, it may also be suppressive if matAb reduce antigen presentation to the newborn resulting in antigen-specific blocking of offspring endogenous immunity. Our aim is to review the mechanisms and direct effects of matAb transfer in vertebrates with an emphasis on birds, outline a framework for research on the long-term effects of matAb on the endogenous immune system of the mature offspring and encourage ecological and evolutionary studies of matAb transfer in non-domesticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hasselquist
- Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Arriero E. Rearing environment effects on immune defence in blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus nestlings. Oecologia 2009; 159:697-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grindstaff JL. Maternal antibodies reduce costs of an immune response during development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 211:654-60. [PMID: 18281327 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.012344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Young vertebrates are dependent primarily on innate immunity and maternally derived antibodies for immune defense. This reliance on innate immunity and the associated inflammatory response often leads to reduced growth rates after antigenic challenge. However, if offspring have maternal antibodies that recognize an antigen, these antibodies should block stimulation of the inflammatory response and reduce growth suppression. To determine whether maternal and/or offspring antigen exposure affect antibody transmission and offspring growth, female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and their newly hatched chicks were immunized. Mothers were immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), killed avian reovirus vaccine (AR), or were given a control, phosphate-buffered saline, injection. Within each family, one-third of offspring were immunized with LPS, one-third were immunized with AR, and one-third were given the control treatment. Maternal immunization significantly affected the specific types of antibodies that were transmitted. In general, immunization depressed offspring growth. However, offspring immunized with the same antigen as their mother exhibited elevated growth in comparison to siblings immunized with a different antigen. This suggests that the growth suppressive effects of antigen exposure during development can be partially ameliorated by the presence of maternal antibodies, but in the absence of specific maternal antibodies, offspring are dependent on more costly innate immune defenses. Together, the results suggest that the local disease environment of mothers prior to reproduction significantly affects maternal antibody transmission and these maternal antibodies may allow offspring to partially maintain growth during infection in addition to providing passive humoral immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Grindstaff
- Indiana University, Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Boulinier T, Staszewski V. Maternal transfer of antibodies: raising immuno-ecology issues. Trends Ecol Evol 2008; 23:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pre-laying nutrition mediates maternal effects on offspring immune capacity and growth in the pied flycatcher. Oecologia 2008; 156:727-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reid JM, Arcese P, Keller LF, Elliott KH, Sampson L, Hasselquist D. Inbreeding effects on immune response in free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Proc Biol Sci 2007; 274:697-706. [PMID: 17254994 PMCID: PMC1950295 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of inbreeding for host immunity to parasitic infection have broad implications for the evolutionary and dynamical impacts of parasites on populations where inbreeding occurs. To rigorously assess the magnitude and the prevalence of inbreeding effects on immunity, multiple components of host immune response should be related to inbreeding coefficient (f) in free-living individuals. We used a pedigreed, free-living population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to test whether individual responses to widely used experimental immune challenges varied consistently with f. The patagial swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin declined markedly with f in both females and males in both 2002 and 2003, although overall inbreeding depression was greater in males. The primary antibody response to tetanus toxoid declined with f in females but not in males in both 2004 and 2005. Primary antibody responses to diphtheria toxoid were low but tended to decline with f in 2004. Overall inbreeding depression did not solely reflect particularly strong immune responses in outbred offspring of immigrant–native pairings or weak responses in highly inbred individuals. These data indicate substantial and apparently sex-specific inbreeding effects on immune response, implying that inbred hosts may be relatively susceptible to parasitic infection to differing degrees in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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