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Mull CG, Pennell MW, Yopak KE, Dulvy NK. Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2773-2781.e3. [PMID: 38843829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrates, live bearing evolved at least 150 times from ancestral egg laying into diverse forms and degrees of prepartum maternal investment.1,2 A key question is how reproductive diversity arose and whether reproductive diversification underlies species diversification.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 To test this, we evaluate the most basal jawed vertebrates: the sharks, rays, and chimaeras, which have one of the greatest ranges of reproductive and ecological diversity among vertebrates.2,12 We reconstruct the sequence of reproductive mode evolution across a phylogeny of 610 chondrichthyans.13 We reveal egg laying as ancestral, with live bearing evolving at least seven times. Matrotrophy evolved at least 15 times, with evidence of one reversal. In sharks, transitions to live bearing and matrotrophy are more prevalent in larger-bodied tropical species. Further, the evolution of live bearing is associated with a near doubling of the diversification rate, but there is only a small increase associated with the appearance of matrotrophy. Although pre-copulatory sexual selection is associated with increased rates of speciation in teleosts,3 sexual size dimorphism in chondrichthyans does not appear to be related to sexual selection,14,15 and instead we find increased rates of speciation associated with the colonization of novel habitats. This highlights a potential key difference between chondrichthyans and other fishes, specifically a slower rate of evolution of reproductive isolation following speciation, suggesting different rate-limiting mechanisms for diversification between these clades.16 The chondrichthyan diversification and radiation, particularly throughout shallow tropical shelf seas and oceanic pelagic habitats, appear to be associated with the evolution of live bearing and proliferation of a wide range of maternal investment in developing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mull
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Integrated Fisheries Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Matthew W Pennell
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Kara E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology and UNCW Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Dalrymple KM, de Buron I, Hill-Spanik KM, Galloway AS, Barker A, Portnoy DS, Frazier BS, Boeger WA. Hexabothriidae and Monocotylidae (Monogenoidea) from the gills of neonate hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) Sphyrna gilberti, Sphyrna lewini and their hybrids from the western North Atlantic Ocean. Parasitology 2022; 149:1910-1927. [PMID: 35943055 PMCID: PMC11010515 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neonates of hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae), Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), the sympatric cryptic species, Sphyrna gilberti Quattro et al., 2013, and their hybrids were captured in the western North Atlantic, along the coast of South Carolina, USA, between 2018 and 2019 and examined for gill monogenoids. Parasites were identified and redescribed from the gills of 79 neonates, and DNA sequences from partial fragments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA (COI) genes were generated to confirm species identifications. Three species of monogenoids from Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 and Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 were determined and redescribed. Two species of Hexabothriidae, Erpocotyle microstoma (Brooks, 1934) and Erpocotyle sphyrnae (MacCallum, 1931), infecting both species of Sphyrna and hybrids; and 1 species of Monocotylidae, Loimosina wilsoni Manter, 1944, infecting only S. lewini and hybrids. Loimosina wilsoni 28S rDNA sequences matched those of Loimosina sp. from the southern coast of Brazil. Based on limited morphological analysis, Loimosina parawilsoni is likely a junior synonym of L. wilsoni. This is the first taxonomic study of monogenoids infecting S. gilberti and hybrids of S. gilberti and S. lewini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Dalrymple
- Laboratory of Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Isaure de Buron
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | | | - Ashley S. Galloway
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Fort Johnson Drive, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Amanda Barker
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - David S. Portnoy
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Bryan S. Frazier
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Fort Johnson Drive, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Walter A. Boeger
- Laboratory of Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
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Gonzalez C, Postaire B, Domingues RR, Feldheim KA, Caballero S, Chapman D. Phylogeography and population genetics of the cryptic bonnethead shark Sphyrna aff. tiburo in Brazil and the Caribbean inferred from mtDNA markers. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1899-1911. [PMID: 34476811 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the identity, phylogeny and distribution of cryptic species within species complexes is an essential precursor to management. The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is a small coastal shark distributed in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina (U.S.A.) to southern Brazil. Genetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers revealed that bonnethead sharks comprise a species complex with at least two lineages in the Northwestern Atlantic and the Caribbean (S. tiburo and Sphyrna aff. tiburo, respectively). The phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers [control region (mtCR) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)] showed that bonnethead sharks from southeastern Brazil correspond to S. aff. tiburo, extending the distribution of this cryptic species >5000 km. Bonnethead shark populations are only managed in the U.S.A. and in the 2000s were considered to be regionally extinct or collapsed in southeast Brazil. The results indicate that there is significant genetic differentiation between S. aff. tiburo from Brazil and other populations from the Caribbean (ΦST = 0.9053, P < 0.000), which means that collapsed populations in the former are unlikely to be replenished from Caribbean immigration. The species identity of bonnethead sharks in the Southwest Atlantic and their relationship to North Atlantic and Caribbean populations still remains unresolved. Taxonomic revision and further sampling are required to reevaluate the status of the bonnethead shark complex through its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gonzalez
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Bautisse Postaire
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Rodrigo R Domingues
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Demian Chapman
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
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Sangster G, Luksenburg JA. The published complete mitochondrial genome of the milk shark ( Rhizoprionodon acutus) is a misidentified Pacific spadenose shark ( Scoliodon macrorhynchos) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:828-830. [PMID: 33763593 PMCID: PMC7954409 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1884019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently published mitogenome of milk shark Rhizoprionodon acutus (MN602076/NC_046016) was fully resolved in an unexpected phylogenetic position in the original mitogenome announcement, which rendered the genus Scoliodon paraphyletic. Here, we show that this mitogenome is actually that of a misidentified Pacific spadenose shark (Scoliodon macrorhynchos). The error is documented to avoid the perpetuation of erroneous sequence information in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanda A Luksenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Moravec F, Dalrymple KM, Galloway AS, Barker AM, de Buron I. First record of Piscicapillaria bursata (Nematoda: Capillariidae), a parasite of hammerhead sharks Sphyrna spp., in the western Atlantic Ocean. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:133-136. [PMID: 32162611 DOI: 10.3354/dao03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Examination of 32 spiral valves from neonate specimens of hammerhead shark Sphyrna spp. (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) captured between June and August 2018 off the Atlantic coast of South Carolina, USA, revealed the presence of the capillariid nematode Piscicapillaria bursata (Capillariidae) in the Carolina hammerhead S. gilberti, the scalloped hammerhead S. lewini, and their hybrids. This is the second find of this parasite originally described from hammerhead sharks off Australia, its first record from the western Atlantic Ocean, and its first record in a new host species and in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 >%%FONT_ERR%%eské Budeˇ%%KERN_ERR%%ějovice, Czech Republic
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