1
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Vaughan HJ, Est-Witte S, Dockery LT, Urello MA, Boyd J, Keyser BD, Zhuang L, Marelli M, Christie RJ. A high-throughput lysosome trafficking assay guides ligand selection and elucidates differences in CD22-targeted nanodelivery. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2351791. [PMID: 38817250 PMCID: PMC11138227 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2351791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles offer potential to selectively deliver therapeutics to cells; however, their subcellular fate following endocytosis must be understood to properly design mechanisms of drug release. Here we describe a nanoparticle platform and associated cell-based assay to observe lysosome trafficking of targeted nanoparticles in live cells. The nanoparticle platform utilizes two fluorescent dyes loaded onto PEG-poly(glutamic acid) and PEG-poly(Lysine) block co-polymers that also comprise azide reactive handles on PEG termini to attach antibody-based targeting ligands. Fluorophores were selected to be pH-sensitive (pHrodo Red) or pH-insensitive (Alexafluor 488) to report when nanoparticles enter low pH lysosomes. Dye-labelled block co-polymers were further assembled into polyion complex micelle nanoparticles and crosslinked through amide bond formation to form stable nano-scaffolds for ligand attachment. Cell binding and lysosome trafficking was determined in live cells by fluorescence imaging in 96-well plates and quantification of red- and green-fluorescence signals over time. The platform and assay was validated for selection of optimal antibody-derived targeting ligands directed towards CD22 for nanoparticle delivery. Kinetic analysis of uptake and lysosome trafficking indicated differences between ligand types and the ligand with the highest lysosome trafficking efficiency translated into effective DNA delivery with nanoparticles bearing the optimal ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Vaughan
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Lance T. Dockery
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Morgan A. Urello
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharma R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Li Zhuang
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - R. James Christie
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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2
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Ansari M, Kulkarni YA, Singh K. Advanced Technologies of Drug Delivery to the Posterior Eye Segment Targeting Angiogenesis and Ocular Cancer. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:85-124. [PMID: 37824419 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023045298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB), a childhood retinal cancer is caused due to RB1 gene mutation which affects the child below 5 years of age. Angiogenesis has been proven its role in RB metastasis due to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RB cells. Therefore, exploring angiogenic pathway by inhibiting VEGF in treating RB would pave the way for future treatment. In preclinical studies, anti-VEGF molecule have shown their efficacy in treating RB. However, treatment requires recurrent intra-vitreal injections causing various side effects along with patient nonadherence. As a result, delivery of anti-VEGF agent to retina requires an ocular delivery system that can transport it in a non-invasive manner to achieve patient compliance. Moreover, development of these type of systems are challenging due to the complicated physiological barriers of eye. Adopting a non-invasive or minimally invasive approach for delivery of anti-VEGF agents would not only address the bioavailability issues but also improve patient adherence to therapy overcoming the side effects associated with invasive approach. The present review focuses on the eye cancer, angiogenesis and various novel ocular drug delivery systems that can facilitate inhibition of VEGF in the posterior eye segment by overcoming the eye barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Ansari
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
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3
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Hickey JC, Hurst PJ, Patterson JP, Guan Z. Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Bioreducible Polymers for mRNA Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203393. [PMID: 36469740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioreducible polymeric mRNA carriers are an emerging family of vectors for gene delivery and vaccine development. A few bioreducible systems have been generated through aqueous-phase ring-opening polymerization of lipoic acid derivatives, however this methodology limits hydrophobic group incorporation and functionality into resulting polymers. Herein, a poly(active ester)disulfide polymer is synthesized that can undergo facile aminolysis with amine-containing substrates under stoichiometric control and mild reaction conditions to yield a library of multifunctional polydisulfide polymers. Functionalized polydisulfide polymer species form stable mRNA-polymer nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of mRNAs in vitro. Alkyl-functionalized polydisulfide-RNA nanoparticles demonstrate rapid cellular uptake and excellent biodegradability when delivering EGFP and OVA mRNAs to cells in vitro. This streamlined polydisulfide synthesis provides a new facile methodology for accessing multifunctional bioreducible polymers as biomaterials for RNA delivery and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Paul J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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4
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supermagnetic Nanocomposites Coated with Pluronic F127 as a Contrast Agent for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030740. [PMID: 36986601 PMCID: PMC10053918 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has garnered significant interest owing to advances in drug delivery, effectively demonstrated in the treatment of certain diseases. Here, smart supermagnetic nanocomposites based on iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with Pluronic F127 (F127) were developed for the delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to tumor tissues. The XRD patterns for all samples revealed peaks consistent with Fe3O4, as shown by their indices (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), and (440), demonstrating that the structure of Fe3O4 did not change after the coating process. After loading with DOX, the as-prepared smart nanocomposites demonstrated drug-loading efficiency and drug-loading capacity percentages of 45 ± 0.10 and 17 ± 0.58% for MNP-F127-2-DOX and 65 ± 0.12 and 13 ± 0.79% for MNP-F127-3-DOX, respectively. Moreover, a better DOX release rate was observed under acidic conditions, which may be credited to the pH sensitivity of the polymer. In vitro analysis demonstrated the survival rate of approximately 90% in HepG2 cells treated with PBS and MNP-F127-3 nanocomposites. Furthermore, after treatment with MNP-F127-3-DOX, the survival rate decreased, confirming cellular inhibition. Hence, the synthesized smart nanocomposites showed great promise for drug delivery in liver cancer treatment, overcoming the limitations of traditional therapies.
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Alimardani V, Sadat Abolmaali S, Yousefi G, Hossein Nowroozzadeh M, Mohammad Tamaddon A. In-situ nanomicelle forming microneedles of poly NIPAAm-b-poly glutamic acid for trans-scleral delivery of dexamethasone. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Emoto J, Kitayama Y, Harada A. Thermoresponsiveness of Carboxylated Polyallylamines Induced by Divalent Counterions as Ionic Effectors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Emoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yukiya Kitayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Dong S, Tang Y, He P, Ma S, Song W, Deng M, Tang Z. Hydrophobic modified poly(
l
‐glutamic acid) graft copolymer micelles with ultrahigh drug loading capacity for anticancer drug delivery. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Dong
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun PR China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun PR China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Pan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun PR China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Mingxiao Deng
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun PR China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
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Gupta SS, Mishra V, Mukherjee MD, Saini P, Ranjan KR. Amino acid derived biopolymers: Recent advances and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:542-567. [PMID: 34384802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, amino acids (AA) have emerged as promising biomaterials for the synthesis of functional polymers. Owing to the diversity of functional groups in amino acids, various polymerization methods may be used to make a wide range of well-defined functional amino-acid/peptide-based optically active polymers with varying polymer lengths, compositions, and designs. When incorporated with chirality and self-assembly, they offer a wide range of applications and are particularly appealing in the field of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. There are several classes of these polymers that include polyamides (PA), polyesters (PE), poly(ester-amide)s (PEA)s, polyurethanes (PU)s, poly(depsipeptide)s (PDP)s, etc. They offer the ability to control functionality, conjugation, crosslinking, stimuli responsiveness, and tuneable mechanical/thermal properties. In this review, we present the recent advancements in the synthesis strategies for obtaining these amino acid-derived bio-macromolecules, their self-assembly properties, and the wealth of prevalent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, NOIDA, India.
| | | | | | - Kumar Rakesh Ranjan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, NOIDA, India.
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Tawfik SM, Azizov S, Elmasry MR, Sharipov M, Lee YI. Recent Advances in Nanomicelles Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E70. [PMID: 33396938 PMCID: PMC7823398 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to the target site remains the main obstacle in the development of new drugs and therapeutic interventions. Up until today, nanomicelles have shown their prospective as nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to their small size, good biocompatibility, and capacity to effectively entrap lipophilic drugs in their core. Nanomicelles are formed via self-assembly in aqueous media of amphiphilic molecules into well-organized supramolecular structures. Molecular weights and structure of the core and corona forming blocks are important properties that will determine the size of nanomicelles and their shape. Selective delivery is achieved via novel design of various stimuli-responsive nanomicelles that release drugs based on endogenous or exogenous stimulations such as pH, temperature, ultrasound, light, redox potential, and others. This review summarizes the emerging micellar nanocarriers developed with various designs, their outstanding properties, and underlying principles that grant targeted and continuous drug delivery. Finally, future perspectives, and challenges for nanomicelles are discussed based on the current achievements and remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M. Tawfik
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
- Surfactant Laboratory, Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Polysaccharide Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Mohamed R. Elmasry
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Mirkomil Sharipov
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea; (S.M.T.); (S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.S.)
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10
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Waku T, Kasai A, Kobori A, Tanaka N. Investigation on the Interactions between Self-Assembled β-Sheet Peptide Nanofibers and Model Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249518. [PMID: 33327660 PMCID: PMC7765088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide nanofibers (NFs) obtained from β-sheet peptides conjugated with drugs, including antigenic peptides, have recently attracted significant attention. However, extensive studies on the interactions of β-sheet peptide NFs with model cell membranes have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the interactions between three types of NFs, composed of PEG-peptide conjugates with different ethylene glycol (EG) lengths (6-, 12- and 24-mer), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir membranes. When increasing the EG chain length, those interactions significantly decreased considering measurements in the presence of the NFs of: (i) changes in surface pressure of the DPPC Langmuir monolayers and (ii) surface pressure-area (π-A) compression isotherms of DPPC. Because the observed trend was similar to the EG length dependency with regard to cellular association and cytotoxicity of the NFs that was reported previously, the interaction of NFs with phospholipid membranes represented a crucial factor to determine the cellular association and toxicity of the NFs. In contrast to NFs, no changes were observed with varying EG chain length on the interaction of the building block peptide with the DPPC membrane. The results obtained herein can provide a design guideline on the formulation of β-sheet peptide NFs, which may broaden its potential.
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11
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Salmanpour M, Saeed-Vaghefi M, Abolmaali SS, Tamaddon AM. Sterically Stabilized Polyionic Complex Nanogels of Chitosan Lysate and PEG-b-Polyglutamic Acid Copolymer for the Delivery of Irinotecan Active Metabolite (SN-38). Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:741-752. [PMID: 33155910 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999201103195846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly Ionic Complex (PIC) nanogels are promising delivery systems with numerous attractions such as simple, fast, and organic solvent-free particle formation and mild drug loading conditions. Among polyelectrolytes, poly (L-amino acid) copolymers, such as poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (L-glutamic acid) copolymers (PEG-b-PGlu) are interesting biocompatible and biodegradable candidates bearing carboxylic acid functional groups. OBJECTIVE Aiming to solubilize and to preserve short-acting irinotecan active metabolite (SN38), sterically stabilized PIC nanogels were prepared through electrostatic charge neutralization between PEG-b-PGlu and chitosan lysate, a polycationic natural polymer obtained through digestion of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide oxidation and is soluble in a wide range of pH. METHODS Synthesis of PEG-b-PGlu was accomplished by N-carboxy anhydride polymerization of γ -benzyl L-glutamic acid, which is initiated by methoxy PEG-NH2 and successive debenzylation reaction. RESULTS The resulting block copolymer was characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). Self-assembling properties of the PIC nanogels were investigated by pyrene assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), indicating the formation of homogeneous spherical particles with a mean size of 28 nm at the PEGb- PGlu concentrations/LMWC weight ratio of 5:1. Upon direct loading of SN38, the drug solubility enhanced more than 4×103 folds with a mean loading efficiency of 89% and the drug loading of 30%. PIC nanogels exhibited zeta potential of +1 mV, acceptable biocompatibility, and superior cytotoxicity in murine colorectal carcinoma (CT26 cell line) compared to free drug. CONCLUSION In addition, the PIC nanogels provided SN38 protection against hydrolytic degradation in physiologic conditions. Conclusively, the well-tuned PIC nanogels are suggested as a potentially biocompatible nanocarrier for SN38 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Salmanpour
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Mahvand Saeed-Vaghefi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Ali Mohamad Tamaddon
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
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12
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Hwang D, Ramsey JD, Kabanov AV. Polymeric micelles for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs: From nanoformulation to clinical approval. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:80-118. [PMID: 32980449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as a highly promising drug delivery platform for therapeutic compounds. Particularly, poorly soluble small molecules with high potency and significant toxicity were encapsulated in polymeric micelles. Polymeric micelles have shown improved pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical animal models and enhanced efficacy with a superior safety profile for therapeutic drugs. Several polymeric micelle formulations have reached the clinical stage and are either in clinical trials or are approved for human use. This furthers interest in this field and underscores the need for additional learning of how to best design and apply these micellar carriers to improve the clinical outcomes of many drugs. In this review, we provide detailed information on polymeric micelles for the solubilization of poorly soluble small molecules in topics such as the design of block copolymers, experimental and theoretical analysis of drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles, pharmacokinetics of drugs in polymeric micelles, regulatory approval pathways of nanomedicines, and current outcomes from micelle formulations in clinical trials. We aim to describe the latest information on advanced analytical approaches for elucidating molecular interactions within the core of polymeric micelles for effective solubilization as well as for analyzing nanomedicine's pharmacokinetic profiles. Taking into account the considerations described within, academic and industrial researchers can continue to elucidate novel interactions in polymeric micelles and capitalize on their potential as drug delivery vehicles to help improve therapeutic outcomes in systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacob D Ramsey
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Rauf A, Ishtiaq M, Siddiqui MK, Andleeb R. Topological Properties of Doxorubicin Conjugated PEG-PAsp Copolymer Molecular Structure Used in Cancer Treatment. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1791918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rauf
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Air University Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Air University Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Rimsha Andleeb
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Air University Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan
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14
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Topological Properties of Nanostar Dendrimer and Smart Polymer. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1280632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanostar dendrimers are a piece of another gathering of macromolecules that seem, by all accounts, to be photon pipes simply like counterfeit reception apparatuses. In addition, nanostar dendrimers are one of the fundamental stuffs of nanobiotechnology. The smart polymers are large-scale particles that show an emotional physioconcoction change because of little changes in their condition, for example, temperature, pH, light, attractive field, and ionic variables. A topological record of a graph G is a numeric quantity notorious with G which portrays subatomic diagram G. In this paper, we decide first and second Zagreb indices, hyper-Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second numerous Zagreb index, and Zagreb polynomials for nanostar dendrimer and smart polymer.
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Spatarelu CP, (Radu) Chiriac AL, Cursaru B, Iordache TV, Gavrila AM, Cojocaru CT, Botez RE, Trica B, Sarbu A, Teodorescu M, Tofan V, Perrin FX, Zaharia A. Composite Nanogels Based on Zeolite-Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate for Controlled Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E195. [PMID: 31979174 PMCID: PMC7075022 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the design of novel composites nanogels, based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and natural zeolite particles, that are able to act as materials with controlled drug delivery properties. Natural zeolite‒nanogels composite, with varying zeolite contents, were obtained by an inverse mini-emulsion technique and loaded with 5-fluorouracil, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. Herein, the possibility of adjusting final properties by means of modifying the preparation conditions was investigated. The prepared composite nanogels are characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In light of this tunable drug-loading capability, swelling behaviour, and cytotoxicity, these composite nanogels could be highly attractive as drug reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Paula Spatarelu
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Anita-Laura (Radu) Chiriac
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Bogdan Cursaru
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Tanta-Verona Iordache
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana-Mihaela Gavrila
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Crina-Thea Cojocaru
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Razvan-Edward Botez
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Bogdan Trica
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrei Sarbu
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 1st District, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vlad Tofan
- Cantacuzino National Institute of Research-Development for Microbiology and Immunology (CNIR), 103 Spl. Independenţei, 5th District, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Anamaria Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.S.); (B.C.); (T.-V.I.); (A.-M.G.); (C.-T.C.); (R.-E.B.); (B.T.); (A.S.)
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16
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17
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Le Fer G, Le Cœur C, Guigner JM, Amiel C, Volet G. Amphiphilic diblock and triblock copolymers based on poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(D,L-lactide): Synthesis, physicochemical characterizations and self-assembly properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Wang W, Wu S, Wang J, Li Z, Cui H, Lin S, Zhu J, Chen Q. Superoxide dismutase transcellular shuttle constructed from dendritic MOF and charge reversible protein derivatives. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4476-4485. [PMID: 31057775 PMCID: PMC6482591 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular biology has led to the identification of protein-based therapeutics as an intriguing approach for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. To manufacture transcellular protein delivery shuttles, we attempted charge reversal chemistry on native proteins [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD): an enzyme capable of scavenging detrimental reactive oxygen species] by the selective conversion of the positively charged amino residues of native SOD to conjugated negatively charged citraconic moieties, eliciting overall negatively charged polyelectrolytes for the subsequent electrostatic self-assembly with cationic metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives into protein delivery systems. Please note that the charge conversion was reversible, restoring the original amino groups in intracellular acidic endosome compartments (pH 5), which afforded facile charge reversible functions to reclaim the active SOD in the cell interior. In particular, the strategic manufacture of dendritic MOF supramolecular architectures as transcellular shuttles for the aforementioned charge-reversible SOD derivatives is noteworthy. The MOF was surface-functionalized with several polycationic segments, thus contributing to the hyper-charged architecture for the easy accommodation of the negatively charged SOD derivatives. Consequently, the SOD derivatives managed to internalize into cells by hitchhiking via endocytosis of the positively charged MOF. Once they resided in the acidic endosomes, the charge reversal of the SOD derivatives could occur smoothly and result in reduced interactions between the charged-reversed SOD and MOF, leading to the release of active SOD. Simultaneously, the dendritic MOF due to protein release presented a highly positive-charged architecture to provoke endosome membrane disruption, consequently spurring the translocation of SOD to the cytosol for the execution of its enzymatic activities. Herein, the intracellular ROS level of the activated macrophages was validated to be markedly suppressed by our proposed transcellular SOD shuttles, thereby indicating their wide availability to diverse functional proteins for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China .
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Sudong Wu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China .
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Shuseng Lin
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Qixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China .
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , China
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19
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Seto A, Kajiwara R, Song J, Shin E, Kim BS, Kofujita H, Oishi Y, Shibasaki Y. Preparation of glycoside polymer micelles with antioxidant polyphenolic cores using alkylated poly(arbutin)s. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7777-7785. [PMID: 35521184 PMCID: PMC9061174 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of long-chain-alkylated poly(arbutin)s (poly(Arb)-Rx, where R = alkyl-chain length and x = degree of substitution (DS)) and their aqueous micelle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Seto
- Department of Chemistry & Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Rika Kajiwara
- Department of Chemistry & Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Jaeeun Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Eeseul Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Korea
| | - Hisayoshi Kofujita
- Department of Forest Science
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Oishi
- Department of Chemistry & Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
| | - Yuji Shibasaki
- Department of Chemistry & Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- Iwate University
- Morioka
- Japan
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20
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Yotsumoto K, Ishii K, Kokubo M, Yasuoka S. Improvement of the skin penetration of hydrophobic drugs by polymeric micelles. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:132-140. [PMID: 30339944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles, which form through the self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino acid) block copolymers, are systemic nanocarriers in targeted cancer therapy. These micelles can encapsulate therapeutic compounds, such as lipophilic substances, charged compounds, and metal complexes, that have characteristics of increased solubility, sustained release, and improved tissue distribution. However, few studies have been conducted on the local distribution of polymeric micelles. Thus, we evaluated the skin penetration pattern of hydrophobic drugs in polymeric micelles. We revealed that improved water solubility by the encapsulation of the hydrophobic drugs indomethacin and resveratrol in polymeric micelles significantly increased the amount of drugs penetrating into the skin. Moreover, polymeric micelles did not enhance the permeability of drugs. Furthermore, although the polymers remained on or in the stratum corneum, the encapsulated drugs gradually moved deeper into the skin. These results indicate that encapsulated hydrophobic drugs in polymeric micelles can penetrate the living cell layer of the skin without bringing about unexpected side effects associated with other ingredients in the formulation. Thus, polymeric micelles for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs can be used for skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yotsumoto
- Cosmetic Division, NanoCarrier Co., Ltd., 144-15 Chuo, 226-39 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan.
| | - Kenta Ishii
- Cosmetic Division, NanoCarrier Co., Ltd., 144-15 Chuo, 226-39 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Miho Kokubo
- Cosmetic Division, NanoCarrier Co., Ltd., 144-15 Chuo, 226-39 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Sakiko Yasuoka
- Cosmetic Division, NanoCarrier Co., Ltd., 144-15 Chuo, 226-39 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
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21
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Toshiyama R, Konno M, Eguchi H, Takemoto H, Noda T, Asai A, Koseki J, Haraguchi N, Ueda Y, Matsushita K, Asukai K, Ohashi T, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Sakai D, Asaoka T, Kudo T, Kawamoto K, Gotoh K, Kobayashi S, Satoh T, Doki Y, Nishiyama N, Mori M, Ishii H. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lysine) block copolymer-ubenimex conjugate targets aminopeptidase N and exerts an antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:244-260. [PMID: 30089817 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies highlighted that aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 acts as a scavenger in the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stem cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Hence, it has been proposed that APN/CD13 inhibition can increase cellular ROS levels and sensitize cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Although ubenimex, also known as bestatin, competitively inhibits proteases such as APN/CD13 on the cellular membrane and it is clinically used for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and lymphedema, research has demonstrated that higher concentrations of the agent induce the death of APN/CD13+ HCC stem cells. In this study, we developed a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lysine) block copolymer-ubenimex conjugate (PEG-b-PLys(Ube)) to increase the efficacy of reagents in APN/CD13+ cancer stem cells. Exposure to PEG-b-PLys(Ube) increased the intracellular ROS concentration by inhibiting APN enzyme activity, permitting the induction of apoptosis and attenuation of HCC cell proliferation. In addition, PEG-b-PLys(Ube) exhibited a relatively stronger antitumor effect in mice than PEG-b-PLys alone or phosphate-buffered saline. Moreover, an isobologram analysis revealed that combinations of fluorouracil, cisplatin, or doxorubicin with PEG-b-PLys(Ube) exhibited synergistic effects. This study demonstrated that PEG-b-PLys(Ube) does not impair the properties of ubenimex and exerts a potent antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reishi Toshiyama
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsunori Matsushita
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Asukai
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ohashi
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Departments of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Departments of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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22
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Schäfer O, Barz M. Of Thiols and Disulfides: Methods for Chemoselective Formation of Asymmetric Disulfides in Synthetic Peptides and Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:12131-12142. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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23
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Cabral H, Miyata K, Osada K, Kataoka K. Block Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6844-6892. [PMID: 29957926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are demonstrating high potential as nanomedicines capable of controlling the distribution and function of loaded bioactive agents in the body, effectively overcoming biological barriers, and various formulations are engaged in intensive preclinical and clinical testing. This Review focuses on polymeric micelles assembled through multimolecular interactions between block copolymers and the loaded drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids as translationable nanomedicines. The aspects involved in the design of successful micellar carriers are described in detail on the basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, as well as the interplay of micelles with the biological interface, emphasizing on the chemistry and engineering of the block copolymers. By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level. Finally, the future perspectives and imminent challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating to spur further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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24
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Lajous H, Riva R, Lelièvre B, Tétaud C, Avril S, Hindré F, Boury F, Jérôme C, Lecomte P, Garcion E. Hybrid Gd3+/cisplatin cross-linked polymer nanoparticles enhance platinum accumulation and formation of DNA adducts in glioblastoma cell lines. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2386-2409. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
New hybrid nanoparticles permitted MRI monitoring of a cisplatin infusion while enhancing drug accumulation and DNA adduct formation in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lajous
- CRCINA
- INSERM
- Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- Angers
| | - Raphaël Riva
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liège
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lelièvre
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie
- CHU Angers
- F-49100 Angers
- France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- CRCINA
- INSERM
- Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- Angers
| | - Sylvie Avril
- CRCINA
- INSERM
- Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- Angers
| | | | - Frank Boury
- CRCINA
- INSERM
- Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- Angers
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liège
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liège
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
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25
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Yang X, Chen Q, Yang J, Wu S, Liu J, Li Z, Liu D, Chen X, Qiu Y. Tumor-Targeted Accumulation of Ligand-Installed Polymeric Micelles Influenced by Surface PEGylation Crowdedness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44045-44052. [PMID: 29192755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the intriguing biocompatibility and the stealthy functions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), PEGylated nanoparticulates have been intensively engineered for utilities as drug delivery vehicles. To advocate the targeted drug transportation, targeting ligands were strategically installed onto the surface of PEGylated nanoparticulates. The previous in vitro investigations revealed that the ligand-specified cell endocytosis of nanoparticulates was pronounced for the nanoparticulates with adequately high PEG crowdedness. The present study aims to explore insight into the impact of PEGylation degree on in vivo tumor-targeted accumulation activities of cRGD-installed nanoparticulates. The subsequent investigations verified the importance of the PEGylation crowdedness in pursuit of prolonged retention in the blood circulation post intravenous administration. Unprecedentedly, the PEGylation crowdedness was also identified as a crucial important parameter to pursue the tumor-targeted accumulation. A plausible reason is the elevated PEGylation crowdedness eliciting the restricted involvement in nonspecific protein adsorption of nanoparticulates in the biological milieu and consequently pronouncing the ligand-receptor-mediated binding for the nanoparticulates. Noteworthy was the distinctive performance of the class of the proposed systems once utilized for transportation of the mRNA payload to the tumors. The protein expression in the targeted tumors appeared to follow a clear PEGylation crowdedness dependence manner, where merely 2-fold PEGylation crowdedness led to remarkably 10-fold augmentation in protein expression in tumors. Hence, the results provided important information and implications for design of active-targeting PEGylated nanomaterials to fulfill the targeting strategies in systemic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Sudong Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Ningbo Hygeia Medical Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Jingyuan Road, High-Tech Zone, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Deqiang Liu
- The No. 2 People's Hospital of Tongxiang, No. 18 Qingyangdong Road, Congfu Town, Tongxiang 314511, China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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26
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Voon SH, Kue CS, Imae T, Saw WS, Lee HB, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Yusa SI. Doxorubicin-loaded micelles of amphiphilic diblock copolymer with pendant dendron improve antitumor efficacy: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Li L, Pang X, Liu G. Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Polymeric Nanomicelles for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1928-1941. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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28
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Ou Y, Tang ZH, Sun L, Yu HY, Li J, Zhao MH, Xu H. Combretastatin A4/poly( L-glutamic acid)-graft-PEG conjugates self-assembled to nanoparticles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:191-196. [PMID: 32104392 PMCID: PMC7032092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A4 (CA4) possesses varying ability to cause vascular disruption in tumors, while the short half-life, low water solubility and deactivation of many CA4 analogs during storage limited its antitumor efficacy and drug stability. A novel macromolecular conjugate of CA4 (CA4-PL) was synthesized by covalent bonding of CA4 onto poly(L-glutamic acid)-graft-polyethylene glycol (PLG-g-PEG) via Yamaguchi reaction. The obtained CA4-PL was characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and UV methods, and the properties of the nanoparticles composed of CA4-PL, including critical aggregation concentration, size and size distribution, and morphology, were investigated. CA4-PL can self-assemble to form micelle-like nanoparticles of 80~120 nm in diameter, which may have potential to improve the blood circulation period as well as the targetability of CA4, and find applications to treat various tumors when combined with traditional chemotherapy or radio therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhao-hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Corresponding authors. Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. Tel.: +86 24 23986356.
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hai-yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mei-hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China. Tel.: +86 24 23986356; fax: +86 24 23986356.
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Physicochemical stability and transfection efficiency of cationic amphiphilic copolymer/pDNA polyplexes for spinal cord injury repair. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11247. [PMID: 28900263 PMCID: PMC5595900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple age-related and injury-induced characteristics of the adult central nervous system (CNS) pose barriers to axonal regeneration and functional recovery following injury. In situ gene therapy is a promising approach to address the limited availability of growth-promoting biomolecules at CNS injury sites. The ultimate goal of our work is to develop, a cationic amphiphilic copolymer for simultaneous delivery of drug and therapeutic nucleic acids to promote axonal regeneration and plasticity after spinal cord injury. Previously, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a cationic amphiphilic copolymer, poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethylenimine (PgP) and its ability to efficiently transfect cells with pDNA in the presence of serum. We also demonstrated the efficacy of PgP as a therapeutic siRhoA carrier in a rat compression spinal cord injury model. In this work, we show that PgP/pDNA polyplexes provide improved stability in the presence of competing polyanions and nuclease protection in serum relative to conventional branched polyethylenimine control. PgP/pDNA polyplexes maintain bioactivity for transfection after lyophilization/reconstitution and during storage at 4 °C for up to 5 months, important features for commercial and clinical application. We also demonstrate that PgP/pDNA polyplexes loaded with a hydrophobic fluorescent dye are retained in local neural tissue for up to 5 days and that PgP can efficiently deliver pβ-Gal in a rat compression SCI model.
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30
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Lísal M, Šindelka K, Suchá L, Limpouchová Z, Procházka K. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte self-assemblies. Methods with explicit electrostatics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238217010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Shi B, Zheng M, Tao W, Chung R, Jin D, Ghaffari D, Farokhzad OC. Challenges in DNA Delivery and Recent Advances in Multifunctional Polymeric DNA Delivery Systems. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2231-2246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Shi
- International
Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zheng
- International
Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Roger Chung
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Institute
for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Dariush Ghaffari
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for
Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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32
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Wu J, Qu W, Williford JM, Ren Y, Jiang X, Jiang X, Pan D, Mao HQ, Luijten E. Improved siRNA delivery efficiency via solvent-induced condensation of micellar nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:204002. [PMID: 28266928 PMCID: PMC5790992 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) remains one of the primary challenges of RNA interference therapy. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated polycationic carriers have been widely used for the condensation of DNA and RNA molecules into complex-core micelles. The PEG corona of such nanoparticles can significantly improve their colloidal stability in serum, but PEGylation of the carriers also reduces their condensation capacity, hindering the generation of micellar particles with sufficient complex stability. This presents a particularly significant challenge for packaging siRNA into complex micelles, as it has a much smaller size and more rigid chain structure than DNA plasmids. Here, we report a new method to enhance the condensation of siRNA with PEGylated linear polyethylenimine using organic solvent and to prepare smaller siRNA nanoparticles with a more extended PEG corona and consequently higher stability. As a proof of principle, we have demonstrated the improved gene knockdown efficiency resulting from the reduced siRNA micelle size in mice livers following intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - John-Michael Williford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Mochida Y, Cabral H, Kataoka K. Polymeric micelles for targeted tumor therapy of platinum anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1423-1438. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1307338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
- Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Srivastava S, Andreev M, Levi AE, Goldfeld DJ, Mao J, Heller WT, Prabhu VM, de Pablo JJ, Tirrell MV. Gel phase formation in dilute triblock copolyelectrolyte complexes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14131. [PMID: 28230046 PMCID: PMC5331217 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of oppositely charged triblock copolyelectrolytes into phase-separated gels at low polymer concentrations (<1% by mass) has been observed in scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Here we show that in contrast to uncharged, amphiphilic block copolymers that form discrete micelles at low concentrations and enter a phase of strongly interacting micelles in a gradual manner with increasing concentration, the formation of a dilute phase of individual micelles is prevented in polyelectrolyte complexation-driven assembly of triblock copolyelectrolytes. Gel phases form and phase separate almost instantaneously on solvation of the copolymers. Furthermore, molecular models of self-assembly demonstrate the presence of oligo-chain aggregates in early stages of copolyelectrolyte assembly, at experimentally unobservable polymer concentrations. Our discoveries contribute to the fundamental understanding of the structure and pathways of complexation-driven assemblies, and raise intriguing prospects for gel formation at extraordinarily low concentrations, with applications in tissue engineering, agriculture, water purification and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanvaya Srivastava
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Marat Andreev
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Adam E. Levi
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David J. Goldfeld
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jun Mao
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - William T. Heller
- Biology & Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Vivek M. Prabhu
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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35
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Takeda KM, Yamasaki Y, Dirisala A, Ikeda S, Tockary TA, Toh K, Osada K, Kataoka K. Effect of shear stress on structure and function of polyplex micelles from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lysine) block copolymers as systemic gene delivery carrier. Biomaterials 2017; 126:31-38. [PMID: 28254691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Structural stability of polyplex micelles (PMs), prepared from plasmid DNA (pDNA) and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lysine) block catiomer (PEG-PLys), was evaluated in terms of their resistance against shear stress. When exposed to shear stress at magnitudes typically present in the blood stream, structural deterioration was observed in PMs owing to the partial removal of PEG-PLys strands. Eventually, impaired PEG coverage of the polyplex core led to accelerated degradation by nucleases, implying that structural deterioration by shear stress in blood stream may be a major cause of rapid clearance of PMs from blood circulation. To address this issue, introduction of disulfide crosslinking into the PM core was shown to be an efficient strategy, which successfully mitigated unfavorable effects of shear stress. Furthermore, improved in vivo blood retention profile and subsequently enhanced antitumor efficacy in systemic treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were confirmed for the crosslinked PMs loaded with pDNA encoding an anti-angiogenic protein, suggesting that high stability under the shear stress during blood circulation may be a critical factor in systemically applicable gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori M Takeda
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamasaki
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Sorato Ikeda
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Theofilus A Tockary
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
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36
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Influence of water concentrations on the phase transformation of a model surfactant/co-surfactant/water system. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Kunitskaya L, Zheltonozhskaya T, Stoika R, Klymchuk D. Compositions of Anticancer Drug with Micellar Nanocarriers and Their Cytotoxicity. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv5i2p103-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric diblock (DBC) and triblock (TBC) copolymers contained biocompatible chemically complementary polyacrylamide and poly(ethylene oxide) (PAAm-b-PEO-b-PAAm) or its monomethyl ether (MEPEO-b-PAAm), and also partially hydrolyzed triblock copolymer derivative (TBChydr) were used to create micelles of a special type. The micelles obtained are characterized by small CMCs and large values of the Gibbs micellization energy, thus indicating a high stability of DBC, TBC and TBChydr micelles in aqueous solutions and the capabilities of their use to encapsulate and deliver poorly soluble and/or toxic drugs in living organism. Morphological features and size of DBC and TBC micelles were determined by TEM. The electron images demonstrated spherical micelles of a polymolecular type, monomolecular type and separate micelle aggregates. TBC and TBChydr micelles were used to examine in vitro anticancer activity of their compositions with doxorubicin (Dox). The created micelle systems showed the enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to individual Dox against murine leukemia cells of L1210 line, murine transformed fibroblasts of L929 line and human T-leukemia cells of Jurkat line and allow to achieve a high efficacy at low Dox concentrations (0,1÷3 µg·cm-3) that opens the great prospects for essential decrease in drug dose at chemotherapy.
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38
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Takeda KM, Osada K, Tockary TA, Dirisala A, Chen Q, Kataoka K. Poly(ethylene glycol) Crowding as Critical Factor To Determine pDNA Packaging Scheme into Polyplex Micelles for Enhanced Gene Expression. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:36-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Innovation
Center of NanoMedicine, Institute of Industrial Promotion - KAWASAKI, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Theofilus A. Tockary
- Innovation
Center of NanoMedicine, Institute of Industrial Promotion - KAWASAKI, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation
Center of NanoMedicine, Institute of Industrial Promotion - KAWASAKI, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation
Center of NanoMedicine, Institute of Industrial Promotion - KAWASAKI, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
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39
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Shi Y, Zhu H, Ren Y, Li K, Tian B, Han J, Feng D. Preparation of protein-loaded PEG-PLA micelles and the effects of ultrasonication on particle size. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-4002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Salakhieva D, Shevchenko V, Németh C, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi A, Abdullin T. Structure-biocompatibility and transfection activity relationships of cationic polyaspartamides with (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:234-246. [PMID: 27931785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 14 cationic derivatives of poly(aspartic acid) i.e. cationic polyaspartamides with different (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups was synthesized by nucleophilic addition on polysuccinimide. The resulting polyaspartamides have moderate amphiphilic properties. Relationships between the structure and ratio of side groups and in vitro properties of polyaspartamides, including their cytotoxic and membrane-damaging activity towards human cell lines, primary skin fibroblasts and erythrocytes, were established and discussed. Cationic polyaspartamides vary in their DNA-binding, condensing and nuclease-protecting characteristics depending on the concentration ratio of (dialkylamino)alkyl and alkyl or hydroxyalkyl side groups. Effective cell transfection was achieved upon polyaspartamide-mediated plasmid DNA delivery in serum-free medium in the presence of chloroquine. Effect of serum proteins adsorption onto polyaspartamide based polyplexes, and the role of concentration of polyplexes in culture medium in their colloidal stability and transfection process were demonstrated. Synthesized polyaspartamides are biocompatible and long-acting gene carriers, which are applied to cells after dilution and without washing, thus providing transfection level comparable to that of commercial transfection reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Salakhieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vesta Shevchenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Csaba Németh
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benjámin Gyarmati
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szilágyi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Timur Abdullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
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41
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Redox-sensitive mPEG-SS-PTX/TPGS mixed micelles: An efficient drug delivery system for overcoming multidrug resistance. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:281-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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43
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Schäfer O, Huesmann D, Muhl C, Barz M. Rethinking Cysteine Protective Groups: S-Alkylsulfonyl-l-Cysteines for Chemoselective Disulfide Formation. Chemistry 2016; 22:18085-18091. [PMID: 27797427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reversibly cross-link proteins and peptides grants the amino acid cysteine its unique role in nature as well as in peptide chemistry. We report a novel class of S-alkylsulfonyl-l-cysteines and N-carboxy anhydrides (NCA) thereof for peptide synthesis. The S-alkylsulfonyl group is stable against amines and thus enables its use under Fmoc chemistry conditions and the controlled polymerization of the corresponding NCAs yielding well-defined homo- as well as block co-polymers. Yet, thiols react immediately with the S-alkylsulfonyl group forming asymmetric disulfides. Therefore, we introduce the first reactive cysteine derivative for efficient and chemoselective disulfide formation in synthetic polypeptides, thus bypassing additional protective group cleavage steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Huesmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Muhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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44
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Chen Q, Qi R, Chen X, Yang X, Huang X, Xiao H, Wang X, Dong W. Polymeric Nanostructure Compiled with Multifunctional Components To Exert Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Antiangiogenic Gene for Tumor Growth Suppression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24404-24414. [PMID: 27576084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapy has emerged as a revolutionary methodology for treatment of the diseases related to protein dysfunction; however, lack of systemically applicable synthetic delivery systems limits its current usage in local applications, particularly for DNA-based therapy with regard to the poor bioavailability in the systemic administrations. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled multiple chemistry-based strategies into the manufacture of the gene delivery formulations to pursue improved tolerability of DNA to the enzymatic degradation in the biological milieu and prolonged retention in the systemic circulation. Here, we constructed a distinctive multilayered functional architecture: plasmid DNA (pDNA) was electrostatically complexed with cationic poly(lysine) (polyplex) as the interior pDNA reservoir, which was further cross-linked by redox-responsive disulfide cross-linking to minimize the occurrence of polyplex disassembly through exchange reaction with the biological charged components. Still, the pDNA reservoir was spatially protected by a sequential thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) palisade as the intermediate barrier and a biocompatible hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell with the aim of preventing the accessibility of the biological species, particularly the nuclease degradation to the pDNA payload. Subsequent investigations validated the utilities of these strategies in accomplishing prolonged blood retention. In an attempt to apply this method for tumor therapy, ligand cyclic (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide was attached at the distal end of PEG, validating prompted tumor-targeted delivery and gene expression of the loaded antiangiogenic gene at the targeted tumor cells and accordingly exerting antiangiogenesis of the tumors for abrogation of tumor growth. Together with its excellent safe profile, the proposed formulation suggests potential utility as a practical gene delivery system for treatment of intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Suzhou 215163, China
- Deparment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ruogu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University , No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Wenfei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Suzhou 215163, China
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Anti-Radical and Cytotoxic Activity of Polysuccinimide and Polyaspartic Acid of Different Molecular Weight. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Curcumin and Osteosarcoma: Can Invertible Polymeric Micelles Help? MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070520. [PMID: 28773642 PMCID: PMC5456898 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systematic review of experimental and clinical data on the use of curcumin in the treatment of osteosarcoma is presented. The current status of curcumin's therapeutic potential against bone cancer is analyzed in regard to using polymeric micelles (including recently developed invertible, responsive, micelles) as a platform for curcumin delivery to treat osteosarcoma. The potential of micellar assemblies from responsive macromolecules in a controlled delivery of curcumin to osteosarcoma cells, and the release using a new inversion mechanism is revealed.
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Florinas S, Liu M, Fleming R, Van Vlerken-Ysla L, Ayriss J, Gilbreth R, Dimasi N, Gao C, Wu H, Xu ZQ, Chen S, Dirisala A, Kataoka K, Cabral H, Christie RJ. A Nanoparticle Platform To Evaluate Bioconjugation and Receptor-Mediated Cell Uptake Using Cross-Linked Polyion Complex Micelles Bearing Antibody Fragments. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1818-33. [PMID: 27007881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicines are a promising technology for treatment of disease; however, preparation and characterization of well-defined protein-nanoparticle systems remain challenging. Here, we describe a platform technology to prepare antibody binding fragment (Fab)-bearing nanoparticles and an accompanying real-time cell-based assay to determine their cellular uptake compared to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Fabs. The nanoparticle platform was composed of core-cross-linked polyion complex (PIC) micelles prepared from azide-functionalized PEG-b-poly(amino acids), that is, azido-PEG-b-poly(l-lysine) [N3-PEG-b-PLL] and azido-PEG-b-poly(aspartic acid) [N3-PEG-b-PAsp]. These PIC micelles were 30 nm in size and contained approximately 10 polymers per construct. Fabs were derived from an antibody binding the EphA2 receptor expressed on cancer cells and further engineered to contain a reactive cysteine for site-specific attachment and a cleavable His tag for purification from cell culture expression systems. Azide-functionalized micelles and thiol-containing Fab were linked using a heterobifunctional cross-linker (FPM-PEG4-DBCO) that contained a fluorophenyl-maleimide for stable conjugation to Fabs thiols and a strained alkyne (DBCO) group for coupling to micelle azide groups. Analysis of Fab-PIC micelle conjugates by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and UV-vis absorbance determined that each nanoparticle contained 2-3 Fabs. Evaluation of cellular uptake in receptor positive cancer cells by real-time fluorescence microscopy revealed that targeted Fab-PIC micelles achieved higher cell uptake than mAbs and Fabs, demonstrating the utility of this approach to identify targeted nanoparticle constructs with unique cellular internalization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ze-Qi Xu
- SynChem, Inc., Elk Grove Village, Illinois 60007, United States
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,The Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-0013, Japan
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Micellar compositions with doxorubicin and their cytotoxicity. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.38.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Okuda T, Okamoto H. Development of New Formulation Dry Powder for Pulmonary Delivery Using Amino Acids to Improve Stability. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:394-400. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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