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Vacas S, Navarro Fuertes I, García-García V, Marzo Bargues J, Abad-Somovilla A, Primo J, Navarro-Llopis V. New Monoterpenoid as the Sex Pheromone of Spanish Populations of the Longtailed Mealybug Pseudococcus Longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12478-12488. [PMID: 38769753 PMCID: PMC11157542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), a polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest native to Australia, is a highly damaging pest for numerous crops of economic importance. The sex pheromone of this species (2-(1,5,5-trimethylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl)ethyl acetate), currently used for pest monitoring purposes, was not attractive to males in field experiments conducted in Spanish persimmon orchards infested with this mealybug. The virgin and mated female volatile profiles of these P. longispinus populations were studied by the volatile collection of effluvia in Porapak-Q. The resulting extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing a new compound specific to virgin females and different from the previously described sex pheromone. Based on GC-MS data and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, we envisaged monoterpene 2-(1,5-dimethyl-4-methylenecyclopent-2-en-1-yl)ethyl acetate as the new sex pheromone candidate, which was synthesized and shown to be attractive in the field to P. longispinus males of the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vacas
- CEQA-Instituto
Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Camino de Vera
s/n, edificio 6C-5 planta, Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Ismael Navarro Fuertes
- Universitat
de València, Facultat de Químiques, Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Víctor García-García
- Universitat
de València, Facultat de Químiques, Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Javier Marzo Bargues
- Ecología
y Protección Agrícola SL, Pol. Ind. Ciutat de Carlet, Carlet, Valencia 46240, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Somovilla
- Universitat
de València, Facultat de Químiques, Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Jaime Primo
- CEQA-Instituto
Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Camino de Vera
s/n, edificio 6C-5 planta, Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro-Llopis
- CEQA-Instituto
Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Camino de Vera
s/n, edificio 6C-5 planta, Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
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Zhang X, Purba ER, Sun J, Zhang QH, Dong SL, Zhang YN, He P, Mang D, Zhang L. Functional differentiation of two general-odorant binding proteins in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 37103977 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General odor-binding proteins (GOBPs) play critical roles in insect olfactory recognition of sex pheromones and plant volatiles. Therefore, the identification of GOBPs in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) based on their characterization to pheromone components and plant volatiles is remain unknown. RESULTS In this study, two H. cunea (HcunGOBPs) genes were cloned, and their expression profiles and odorant binding characteristics were systematically analyzed. Firstly, the tissue expression study showed that both HcunGOBP1 and HcunGOBP2 were highly expressed in the antennae of both sexes, indicating their potential involvement in the perception of sex pheromones. Secondly, these two HcunGOBPs genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and ligand binding assays were used to assess the binding affinities to its sex pheromone components including two aldehydes and two epoxides, and some plant volatiles. HcunGOBP2 showed high binding affinities to two aldehyde components (Z9, Z12, Z15-18Ald and Z9, Z12-18Ald), and showed low binding affinities to two epoxide components (1, Z3, Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-21Hy and Z3, Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-21Hy), whereas HcunGOBP1 showed weak but significant binding to all four sex pheromone components. Furthermore, both HcunGOBPs demonstrated variable binding affinities to the plant volatiles tested. Thirdly, in silico studies of HcunGOBPs utilized homology, structure modeling, and molecular docking revealed critical hydrophobic residues might be involved in the binding of HcunGOBPs to their sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that these two HcunGOBPs may serve as potential targets for future studies of HcunGOBPs ligand binding, providing insight in the mechanism of olfaction in H. cunea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Endang R Purba
- Structural Cellular Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dingze Mang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Longwa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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MAYIRA A, ZHONG Z, BAI X. [Progress in the application of preparative gas chromatography in separating volatile compounds]. Se Pu 2023; 41:37-46. [PMID: 36633075 PMCID: PMC9837673 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography (GC) yields superior separations of low boiling point volatile compounds. Therefore, preparative gas chromatography (Prep GC) was established by combining analytical GC with a sample collection system at the end of the column, enabling the efficient isolation of the volatile components from complex matrices and their subsequent collection after GC. As Prep GC is based on an analytical gas chromatograph, its injection, separation, detection, and fraction collection systems are continuously optimized and upgraded to improve the recoveries and purities of the target compounds. Prep GC, in combination with modern spectroscopic techniques (such as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), enables accurate structural elucidation of a target compound. Reports of the separations of various volatile components from complex matrices using Prep GC have recently increased annually, revealing promising application prospects. However, Prep GC also displays several disadvantages, such as the failure to separate thermolabile compounds, high separation costs, and the likely introduction of exogenous contamination. Based on the recent related research, this review summarizes the evolution of the structure of Prep GC and its application in isolating essential oil monomers, insect pheromones, volatile food and plant components, geological biomarkers, and persistent environmental pollutants. Finally, this review also summarizes and prospects the use of Prep GC in separating volatile components to provide a reference for the expansion of its applications.
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Tabata J, Yasui H. Sex Pheromone of the Azalea Mealybug With a Non-Terpene Structure. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:609-617. [PMID: 35945405 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mealybug females release sex pheromones to attract conspecific males for mating. It is critical for mealybug males, which are fragile and short-lived, to respond to the pheromone of their species without time- and energy-consuming cross-attractions to other species. Thus, mealybug pheromone systems are considered to have evolved to be species-specific with unique structures in each species and offer an opportunity to study the diversity of pheromone chemistry that mediates intersexual courtship signals. More than 20 mealybug pheromones are reported to be monoterpenes in general, with only one exception, a hemiterpene alcohol esterified with a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), found in the Matsumoto mealybug, Crisicoccus matsumotoi. However, it is unknown whether this is truly exceptional, or if similar compounds are used in other related mealybugs. In this study, we isolated and characterized the pheromone of an allied species, the azalea mealybug C. azaleae. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and bioassays with synthetics, the pheromone was shown to be composed of isopropyl (E)-7-methyl-4-nonenoate, isopropyl (E)-7-methyl-4-octenoate, and ethyl (E)-7-methyl-4-nonenoate. Surprisingly, the structures of these compounds do not include hemiterpene nor monoterpene motifs but have methyl-branched MCFA parts that are similar to an acid moiety of the C. matsumotoi pheromone. This study implies irregular events for the divergence of pheromone structures in ancestors of the genus Crisicoccus and other mealybugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tabata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Hiroe Yasui
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
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Tabata J. Genetic Basis Underlying Structural Shift of Monoterpenoid Pheromones in Mealybugs. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:546-553. [PMID: 35112225 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insect sex pheromones are examples of semiochemicals that trigger the most conspicuous biological activities, and they have attracted the interest of chemical ecologists since the dawn of this multidisciplinary field. For a deeper understanding of the ecological and evolutionary scenario of pheromones, as well as other targets of chemical ecology, it is essential to analyze the chemicals produced by individual organisms along with sound chemical identifications using reference compounds. Prof. Kenji Mori and his colleagues have developed various synthetic routes and have provided their products as authentic standards to many researchers. Using such a legacy, the tiny amounts of pheromones emitted by individual mealybug females were successfully analyzed and quantified by selected-ion-monitoring mode of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of the analyses of the monoterpene pheromones from Planococcus citri, P. minor, and their hybrids suggested that shift of the cyclobutane structure in P. citri and its acyclic form in P. minor is largely attributable to a single genetic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tabata
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
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Nakano M, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA, Clavijo-McCormick A. Chemical Ecology and Olfaction in Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:121-140. [PMID: 35001201 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemoreception plays a crucial role in the reproduction and survival of insects, which often rely on their sense of smell and taste to find partners, suitable habitats, and food sources, and to avoid predators and noxious substances. There is a substantial body of work investigating the chemoreception and chemical ecology of Diptera (flies) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies); but less is known about the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, and wēta). Within the Orthoptera, the family Acrididae contains about 6700 species of short-horned grasshoppers. Grasshoppers are fascinating organisms to study due to their significant taxonomic and ecological divergence, however, most chemoreception and chemical ecology studies have focused on locusts because they are agricultural pests (e.g., Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria). Here we review studies of chemosensory systems and chemical ecology of all short-horned grasshoppers. Applications of genome editing tools and entomopathogenic microorganism to control locusts in association with their chemical ecology are also discussed. Finally, we identify gaps in the current knowledge and suggest topics of interest for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nakano
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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Liegeois M, Sartori M, Schwander T. Extremely Widespread Parthenogenesis and a Trade-Off Between Alternative Forms of Reproduction in Mayflies (Ephemeroptera). J Hered 2021; 112:45-57. [PMID: 32918457 PMCID: PMC7953839 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying alternative forms of reproduction in natural populations is of fundamental importance for understanding the costs and benefits of sex. Mayflies are one of the few animal groups where sexual reproduction co-occurs with different types of parthenogenesis, providing ideal conditions for identifying benefits of sex in natural populations. Here, we establish a catalog of all known mayfly species capable of reproducing by parthenogenesis, as well as species unable to do so. Overall, 1.8% of the described species reproduce parthenogenetically, which is an order of magnitude higher than reported in other animal groups. This frequency even reaches 47.8% if estimates are based on the number of studied rather than described mayfly species, as reproductive modes have thus far been studied in only 17 out of 42 families. We find that sex is a more successful strategy than parthenogenesis (associated with a higher hatching success of eggs), with a trade-off between the hatching success of parthenogenetic and sexual eggs. This means that improving the capacity for parthenogenesis may come at a cost for sexual reproduction. Such a trade-off can help explain why facultative parthenogenesis is extremely rare among animals despite its potential to combine the benefits of sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. We argue that parthenogenesis is frequently selected in mayflies in spite of this probable trade-off because their typically low dispersal ability and short and fragile adult life may frequently generate situations of mate limitation in females. Mayflies are currently clearly underappreciated for understanding the benefits of sex under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Liegeois
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Sartori
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schwander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tabata J, Kamo T, Watanabe T, Kinsho T. Sex pheromone of the aerial root mealybug, Pseudococcus baliteus: A unique monoterpenoid containing an α-hydroxyketone moiety. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Tvedte ES, Walden KKO, McElroy KE, Werren JH, Forbes AA, Hood GR, Logsdon JM, Feder JL, Robertson HM. Genome of the Parasitoid Wasp Diachasma alloeum, an Emerging Model for Ecological Speciation and Transitions to Asexual Reproduction. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2767-2773. [PMID: 31553440 PMCID: PMC6781843 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are among the most speciose animals, yet have relatively few available genomic resources. We report a draft genome assembly of the wasp Diachasma alloeum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a host-specific parasitoid of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), and a developing model for understanding how ecological speciation can “cascade” across trophic levels. Identification of gene content confirmed the overall quality of the draft genome, and we manually annotated ∼400 genes as part of this study, including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation, chemosensation, and reproduction. Through comparisons to model hymenopterans such as the European honeybee Apis mellifera and parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, as well as a more closely related braconid parasitoid Microplitis demolitor, we identified a proliferation of transposable elements in the genome, an expansion of chemosensory genes in parasitoid wasps, and the maintenance of several key genes with known roles in sexual reproduction and sex determination. The D. alloeum genome will provide a valuable resource for comparative genomics studies in Hymenoptera as well as specific investigations into the genomic changes associated with ecological speciation and transitions to asexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Tvedte
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, IA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Glen R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Jeffrey L Feder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
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Tabata J, Teshiba M. Sexual attractiveness and reproductive performance in ageing females of a coccoid insect. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0262. [PMID: 30045904 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Female age strongly influences reproductive success in various animals. Males are, therefore, expected to show preferential responses to sexual signals released from females of ages suitable for reproduction. Here, however, we report an unexpected and contradictory effect of ageing on sexual attractiveness and reproductive performance in a coccoid insect: the pheromone-based attractiveness of females increased with ageing, though their reproductive performance was in rapid decline. Surprisingly, senescent females continued releasing relatively high amounts of pheromone and maintained their sexual attractiveness, even at ages when they had almost completely lost fertility, with reduced densities of endosymbionts to support their physiology. Our dataset suggests a potential sexual conflict within a pheromone communication system, where females benefit at males' expense through deceptive signals of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tabata
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Mayumi Teshiba
- Fukuoka Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 587 Yoshiki, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8549, Japan
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Nakano M, Morgan-Richards M, Godfrey AJR, Clavijo McCormick A. Parthenogenetic Females of the Stick Insect Clitarchus hookeri Maintain Sexual Traits. INSECTS 2019; 10:E202. [PMID: 31295894 PMCID: PMC6681278 DOI: 10.3390/insects10070202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand stick insect Clitarchus hookeri has both sexual and parthenogenetic (all-female) populations. Sexual populations exhibit a scramble competition mating system with distinctive sex roles, where females are signalers and males are searchers, which may lead to differences in the chemical and morphological traits between sexes. Evidence from a range of insect species has shown a decay of sexual traits is common in parthenogenetic lineages, especially those traits related to mate attraction and location, presumably due to their high cost. However, in some cases, sexual traits remain functional, either due to the recent evolution of the parthenogenetic lineage, low cost of maintenance, or because there might be an advantage in maintaining them. We measured morphological and chemical traits of C. hookeri to identify differences between males and females and between females from sexual and parthenogenetic populations. We also tested the ability of males to discriminate between sexual and parthenogenetic females in a laboratory bioassay. Our results show that male C. hookeri has morphological traits that facilitate mobility (smaller body with disproportionately longer legs) and mate detection (disproportionately longer antennae), and adult females release significantly higher amounts of volatile organic compounds than males when this species is sexually active, in accordance with their distinctive sex roles. Although some differences were detected between sexual and parthenogenetic females, the latter appear to maintain copulatory behaviors and chemical signaling. Males were unable to distinguish between sexual and parthenogenetic females, suggesting that there has been little decay in the sexual traits in the parthenogenetic lineage of C. hookeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nakano
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan R Godfrey
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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Mori K, Tabata J. Pheromone synthesis. Part 262: Determination of the absolute configuration of the female sex pheromone [(1 S ,2 S )-(−)-(1,2-dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentyl) acetaldehyde] of the pineapple mealybug ( Dysmicoccus brevipes ) by synthesis coupled with X-ray analysis. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tabata J, Ichiki RT. (1S,3R)-cis-Chrysanthemyl Tiglate: Sex Pheromone of the Striped Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:745-752. [PMID: 28823100 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (chrysanthemic acid) are classic natural pyrethroids discovered in pyrethrum plants and show insecticidal activity. Chrysanthemic acid, with two asymmetric carbons, has four possible stereoisomers, and most natural pyrethroids have the (1R,3R)-trans configuration. Interestingly, chrysanthemic acid-related structures are also found in insect sex pheromones; carboxylic esters of (1R,3R)-trans-(2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropyl)methanol (chrysanthemyl alcohol) have been reported from two mealybug species. In the present study, another ester of chrysanthemyl alcohol was discovered from the striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), as its pheromone. By means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses using a chiral stationary phase column and authentic standards, the pheromone was identified as (1S,3R)-(-)-cis-chrysanthemyl tiglate. The (1S,3R)-enantiomer strongly attracted adult males in a greenhouse trapping bioassay, whereas the other enantiomers showed only weak activity. The cis configuration of the chrysanthemic acid-related structure appears to be relatively scarce in nature, and this is the first example reported from arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tabata
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Ryoko T Ichiki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
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