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La Torre M, Centofante E, Nicoletti C, Burla R, Giampietro A, Cannistrà F, Schirone L, Valenti V, Sciarretta S, Musarò A, Saggio I. Impact of diffused versus vasculature targeted DNA damage on the heart of mice depleted of telomeric factor Ft1. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14022. [PMID: 37960940 PMCID: PMC10726857 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is emerging as a driver of heart disease, although the cascade of events, its timing, and the cell types involved are yet to be fully clarified. In this context, the implication of cardiomyocytes has been highlighted, while that of vasculature smooth muscle cells has been implicated but not explored exhaustively. In our previous work we characterized a factor called Ft1 in mice and AKTIP in humans whose depletion generates telomere instability and DNA damage. Herein, we explored the effect of the reduction of Ft1 on the heart with the goal of comparatively defining the impact of DNA damage targeted to vasculature smooth muscle cells to that of diffuse damage. Using two newly generated mouse models, Ft1 constitutively knocked out (Ft1ko) mice, and mice in which we targeted the Ft1 depletion to the smooth muscle cells (Ft1sm22ko), it is shown that both genetic models display cardiac defects but with differences. Both Ft1ko and Ft1sm22ko mice display hypertrophy, fibrosis, and functional heart defects. Interestingly, Ft1sm22ko mice have early milder pathological traits that become manifest with age. Significantly, the defects of Ft1ko mice, including the alteration of the left ventricle and functional heart defects, are rescued by depletion of the DNA damage sensor p53. These results point to Ft1 deficiency as a driver of cardiac disease and show that Ft1 deficiency targeted to vasculature smooth muscle cells generates a pre-pathological profile exacerbated by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia La Torre
- Department Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Eleonora Centofante
- Department Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Romina Burla
- Department Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and PathologyRomeItaly
| | | | - Federica Cannistrà
- Department Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli ISItaly
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and PathologyRomeItaly
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- NISB Institute of Structural BiologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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2
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Pennarun G, Picotto J, Bertrand P. Close Ties between the Nuclear Envelope and Mammalian Telomeres: Give Me Shelter. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040775. [PMID: 37107534 PMCID: PMC10137478 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) in eukaryotic cells is essential to provide a protective compartment for the genome. Beside its role in connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm, the NE has numerous important functions including chromatin organization, DNA replication and repair. NE alterations have been linked to different human diseases, such as laminopathies, and are a hallmark of cancer cells. Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, are crucial for preserving genome stability. Their maintenance involves specific telomeric proteins, repair proteins and several additional factors, including NE proteins. Links between telomere maintenance and the NE have been well established in yeast, in which telomere tethering to the NE is critical for their preservation and beyond. For a long time, in mammalian cells, except during meiosis, telomeres were thought to be randomly localized throughout the nucleus, but recent advances have uncovered close ties between mammalian telomeres and the NE that play important roles for maintaining genome integrity. In this review, we will summarize these connections, with a special focus on telomere dynamics and the nuclear lamina, one of the main NE components, and discuss the evolutionary conservation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Pennarun
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Picotto
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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3
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Pahl MC, Grant SFA, Leibel RL, Stratigopoulos G. Technologies, strategies, and cautions when deconvoluting genome-wide association signals: FTO in focus. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13558. [PMID: 36882962 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed a plethora of genetic variants that correlate with polygenic conditions. However, causal molecular mechanisms have proven challenging to fully define. Without such information, the associations are not physiologically useful or clinically actionable. By reviewing studies of the FTO locus in the genetic etiology of obesity, we wish to highlight advances in the field fueled by the evolution of technical and analytic strategies in assessing the molecular bases for genetic associations. Particular attention is drawn to extrapolating experimental findings from animal models and cell types to humans, as well as technical aspects used to identify long-range DNA interactions and their biological relevance with regard to the associated trait. A unifying model is proposed by which independent obesogenic pathways regulated by multiple FTO variants and genes are integrated at the primary cilium, a cellular antenna where signaling molecules that control energy balance convene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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4
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La Torre M, Merigliano C, Maccaroni K, Chojnowski A, Goh WI, Giubettini M, Vernì F, Capanni C, Rhodes D, Wright G, Burke B, Soddu S, Burla R, Saggio I. Combined alteration of lamin and nuclear morphology influences the localization of the tumor-associated factor AKTIP. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:273. [PMID: 36096808 PMCID: PMC9469526 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lamins, key nuclear lamina components, have been proposed as candidate risk biomarkers in different types of cancer but their accuracy is still debated. AKTIP is a telomeric protein with the property of being enriched at the nuclear lamina. AKTIP has similarity with the tumor susceptibility gene TSG101. AKTIP deficiency generates genome instability and, in p53−/− mice, the reduction of the mouse counterpart of AKTIP induces the exacerbation of lymphomas. Here, we asked whether the distribution of AKTIP is altered in cancer cells and whether this is associated with alterations of lamins. Methods We performed super-resolution imaging, quantification of lamin expression and nuclear morphology on HeLa, MCF7, and A549 tumor cells, and on non-transformed fibroblasts from healthy donor and HGPS (LMNA c.1824C > T p.Gly608Gly) and EDMD2 (LMNA c.775 T > G) patients. As proof of principle model combining a defined lamin alteration with a tumor cell setting, we produced HeLa cells exogenously expressing the HGPS lamin mutant progerin that alters nuclear morphology. Results In HeLa cells, AKTIP locates at less than 0.5 µm from the nuclear rim and co-localizes with lamin A/C. As compared to HeLa, there is a reduced co-localization of AKTIP with lamin A/C in both MCF7 and A549. Additionally, MCF7 display lower amounts of AKTIP at the rim. The analyses in non-transformed fibroblasts show that AKTIP mislocalizes in HGPS cells but not in EDMD2. The integrated analysis of lamin expression, nuclear morphology, and AKTIP topology shows that positioning of AKTIP is influenced not only by lamin expression, but also by nuclear morphology. This conclusion is validated by progerin-expressing HeLa cells in which nuclei are morphologically altered and AKTIP is mislocalized. Conclusions Our data show that the combined alteration of lamin and nuclear morphology influences the localization of the tumor-associated factor AKTIP. The results also point to the fact that lamin alterations per se are not predictive of AKTIP mislocalization, in both non-transformed and tumor cells. In more general terms, this study supports the thesis that a combined analytical approach should be preferred to predict lamin-associated changes in tumor cells. This paves the way of next translational evaluation to validate the use of this combined analytical approach as risk biomarker. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02480-5.
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Maccaroni K, La Torre M, Burla R, Saggio I. Phase Separation in the Nucleus and at the Nuclear Periphery during Post-Mitotic Nuclear Envelope Reformation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111749. [PMID: 35681444 PMCID: PMC9179440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-enclosed organelle compartmentalization is not the only way by which cell processes are spatially organized. Phase separation is emerging as a new driver in the organization of membrane-less compartments and biological processes. Liquid–liquid phase separation has been indicated as a new way to control the kinetics of molecular reactions and is based on weak multivalent interactions affecting the stoichiometry of the molecules involved. In the nucleus, liquid–liquid phase separation may represent an ancestral means of controlling genomic activity by forming discrete chromatin regions, regulating transcriptional activity, contributing to the assembly of DNA damage response foci, and controlling the organization of chromosomes. Liquid–liquid phase separation also contributes to chromatin function through its role in the reorganization of the nuclear periphery in the post-mitotic phase. Herein, we describe the basic principles regulating liquid–liquid phase separation, analyze examples of phase separation occurring in the nucleus, and dedicate attention to the implication of liquid–liquid phase separation in the reorganization of the nuclear periphery by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Although some caution is warranted, current scientific knowledge allows for the hypothesis that many factors and processes in the cell are yet to be discovered which are functionally associated with phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klizia Maccaroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (K.M.); (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (K.M.); (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (K.M.); (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (K.M.); (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Interaction of TLK1 and AKTIP as a Potential Regulator of AKT Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:339-354. [PMID: 35366279 PMCID: PMC8830441 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is characterized by the emergence of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). AKT/PKB has been directly implicated in PCa progression, often due to the loss of PTEN and activation of PI3K>PDK1>AKT signaling. However, the regulatory network of AKT remains incompletely defined. Here, we describe the functional significance of AKTIP in PCa cell growth. AKTIP, identified in an interactome analysis as a substrate of TLK1B (that itself is elevated following ADT), enhances the association of AKT with PDK1 and its phosphorylation at T308 and S473. The interaction between TLK1 and AKTIP led to AKTIP phosphorylation at T22 and S237. The inactivation of TLK1 led to reduced AKT phosphorylation, which was potentiated with AKTIP knockdown. The TLK1 inhibitor J54 inhibited the growth of the LNCaP cells attributed to reduced AKT activation. However, LNCaP cells that expressed constitutively active, membrane-enriched Myr-AKT (which is expected to be active, even in the absence of AKTIP) were also growth-inhibited with J54. This suggested that other pathways (like TLK1>NEK1>YAP) regulating proliferation are also suppressed and can mediate growth inhibition, despite compensation by Myr-AKT. Nonetheless, further investigation of the potential role of TLK1>AKTIP>AKT in suppressing apoptosis, and conversely its reversal with J54, is warranted.
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7
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Kychygina A, Dall'Osto M, Allen JAM, Cadoret JC, Piras V, Pickett HA, Crabbe L. Progerin impairs 3D genome organization and induces fragile telomeres by limiting the dNTP pools. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13195. [PMID: 34162976 PMCID: PMC8222272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization within the nuclear volume is essential to regulate many aspects of its function and to safeguard its integrity. A key player in this spatial scattering of chromosomes is the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE tethers large chromatin domains through interaction with the nuclear lamina and other associated proteins. This organization is perturbed in cells from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Here, we show that HGPS-related lamina defects trigger an altered 3D telomere organization with increased contact sites between telomeres and the nuclear lamina, and an altered telomeric chromatin state. The genome-wide replication timing signature of these cells is perturbed, with a shift to earlier replication for regions that normally replicate late. As a consequence, we detected a higher density of replication forks traveling simultaneously on DNA fibers, which relies on limiting cellular dNTP pools to support processive DNA synthesis. Remarkably, increasing dNTP levels in HGPS cells rescued fragile telomeres, and improved the replicative capacity of the cells. Our work highlights a functional connection between NE dysfunction and telomere homeostasis in the context of premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kychygina
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, UT3, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Dall'Osto
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Joshua A M Allen
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Piras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Laure Crabbe
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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8
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PI(3,4)P 2-mediated membrane tubulation promotes integrin trafficking and invasive cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017645118. [PMID: 33947811 PMCID: PMC8126793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017645118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are integrin-mediated adhesions with abundant PI(3,4)P2 However, the functional role of PI(3,4)P2 in adhesion signaling remains unclear. Here, we find that the PI(3,4)P2 biogenesis regulates the integrin endocytosis at invadopodia. PI(3,4)P2 is locally produced by PIK3CA and SHIP2 and is concentrated at the trailing edge of the invadopodium arc. The PI(3,4)P2-rich compartment locally forms small puncta (membrane buds) in a SNX9-dependent manner, recruits dynein activator Hook1 through AKTIP, and rearranges into micrometer-long tubular invaginations (membrane tubes). The uncurving membrane tube extends rapidly, follows the retrograde movement of dynein along microtubule tracks, and disconnects from the plasma membrane. Activated integrin-beta3 is locally internalized through the pathway of PI(3,4)P2-mediated membrane invagination and is then actively recycled. Blockages of PI3K, SHIP2, and SNX9 suppress integrin-beta3 endocytosis, delay adhesion turnover, and impede transwell invasion of MEF-Src and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, the production of PI(3,4)P2 promotes invasive cell migration by stimulating the trafficking of integrin receptor at the invadopodium.
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Rocha A, Dalgarno A, Neretti N. The functional impact of nuclear reorganization in cellular senescence. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 21:24-34. [PMID: 33755107 PMCID: PMC8789270 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Because senescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to chronic inflammation, they are promising therapeutic targets for healthspan extension. The senescent phenotype can vary depending on cell type and on the specific insults that induce senescence. This variability is also reflected in the extensive remodeling of the genome organization within the nucleus of senescent cells. Here, we give an overview of the nuclear changes that occur in different forms of senescence, including changes to chromatin state and composition and to the three-dimensional organization of the genome, as well as alterations to the nuclear envelope and to the accessibility of repetitive genomic regions. Many of these changes are shared across all forms of senescence, implicating nuclear organization as a fundamental driver of the senescent state and of how senescent cells interact with the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Rocha
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry program at Brown University
| | - Audrey Dalgarno
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry program at Brown University
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Associate Professor in the Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry at Brown University
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10
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Burla R, La Torre M, Maccaroni K, Verni F, Giunta S, Saggio I. Interplay of the nuclear envelope with chromatin in physiology and pathology. Nucleus 2020; 11:205-218. [PMID: 32835589 PMCID: PMC7529417 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1806661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope compartmentalizes chromatin in eukaryotic cells. The main nuclear envelope components are lamins that associate with a panoply of factors, including the LEM domain proteins. The nuclear envelope of mammalian cells opens up during cell division. It is reassembled and associated with chromatin at the end of mitosis when telomeres tether to the nuclear periphery. Lamins, LEM domain proteins, and DNA binding factors, as BAF, contribute to the reorganization of chromatin. In this context, an emerging role is that of the ESCRT complex, a machinery operating in multiple membrane assembly pathways, including nuclear envelope reformation. Research in this area is unraveling how, mechanistically, ESCRTs link to nuclear envelope associated factors as LEM domain proteins. Importantly, ESCRTs work also during interphase for repairing nuclear envelope ruptures. Altogether the advances in this field are giving new clues for the interpretation of diseases implicating nuclear envelope fragility, as laminopathies and cancer. ABBREVIATIONS na, not analyzed; ko, knockout; kd, knockdown; NE, nuclear envelope; LEM, LAP2-emerin-MAN1 (LEM)-domain containing proteins; LINC, linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complexes; Cyt, cytoplasm; Chr, chromatin; MB, midbody; End, endosomes; Tel, telomeres; INM, inner nuclear membrane; NP, nucleoplasm; NPC, Nuclear Pore Complex; ER, Endoplasmic Reticulum; SPB, spindle pole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Klizia Maccaroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Verni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Giunta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Automated Nuclear Lamina Network Recognition and Quantitative Analysis in Structured Illumination Super-Resolution Microscope Images Using a Gaussian Mixture Model and Morphological Processing. PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics7040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studying the architecture of nuclear lamina networks is significantly important in biomedicine owing not only to their influence on the genome, but also because they are associated with several diseases. To save labor and time, an automated method for nuclear lamina network recognition and quantitative analysis is proposed for use with lattice structured illumination super-resolution microscope images in this study. This method is based on a Gaussian mixture model and morphological processing. It includes steps for target region generation, bias field correction, image segmentation, network connection, meshwork generation, and meshwork analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by recognizing and quantitatively analyzing nuclear lamina networks in five images that are presented to show the method’s performance. The experimental results show that our algorithm achieved high accuracy in nuclear lamina network recognition and quantitative analysis, and the median face areas size of lamina networks from U2OS osteosarcoma cells are 0.3184 μm2.
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12
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Balzano E, Pelliccia F, Giunta S. Genome (in)stability at tandem repeats. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 113:97-112. [PMID: 33109442 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Repeat sequences account for over half of the human genome and represent a significant source of variation that underlies physiological and pathological states. Yet, their study has been hindered due to limitations in short-reads sequencing technology and difficulties in assembly. A important category of repetitive DNA in the human genome is comprised of tandem repeats (TRs), where repetitive units are arranged in a head-to-tail pattern. Compared to other regions of the genome, TRs carry between 10 and 10,000 fold higher mutation rate. There are several mutagenic mechanisms that can give rise to this propensity toward instability, but their precise contribution remains speculative. Given the high degree of homology between these sequences and their arrangement in tandem, once damaged, TRs have an intrinsic propensity to undergo aberrant recombination with non-allelic exchange and generate harmful rearrangements that may undermine the stability of the entire genome. The dynamic mutagenesis at TRs has been found to underlie individual polymorphism associated with neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders, as well as complex genetic diseases like cancer and diabetes. Here, we review our current understanding of the surveillance and repair mechanisms operating within these regions, and we describe how alterations in these protective processes can readily trigger mutational signatures found at TRs, ultimately resulting in the pathological correlation between TRs instability and human diseases. Finally, we provide a viewpoint to counter the detrimental effects that TRs pose in light of their selection and conservation, as important drivers of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Balzano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Franca Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Giunta
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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13
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Towards delineating the chain of events that cause premature senescence in the accelerated aging syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS). Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:981-991. [PMID: 32539085 PMCID: PMC7329345 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The metazoan nucleus is equipped with a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins called the A- and B-type lamins. Lamins lie beneath the inner nuclear membrane and serve as a nexus to maintain the architectural integrity of the nucleus, chromatin organization, DNA repair and replication and to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Perturbations or mutations in various components of the nuclear lamina result in a large spectrum of human diseases collectively called laminopathies. One of the most well-characterized laminopathies is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS), a rare segmental premature aging syndrome that resembles many features of normal human aging. HGPS patients exhibit alopecia, skin abnormalities, osteoporosis and succumb to cardiovascular complications in their teens. HGPS is caused by a mutation in LMNA, resulting in a mutated form of lamin A, termed progerin. Progerin expression results in a myriad of cellular phenotypes including abnormal nuclear morphology, loss of peripheral heterochromatin, transcriptional changes, DNA replication defects, DNA damage and premature cellular senescence. A key challenge is to elucidate how these different phenotypes are causally and mechanistically linked. In this mini-review, we highlight some key findings and present a model on how progerin-induced phenotypes may be temporally and mechanistically linked.
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14
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Martins F, Sousa J, Pereira CD, Cruz e Silva OAB, Rebelo S. Nuclear envelope dysfunction and its contribution to the aging process. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13143. [PMID: 32291910 PMCID: PMC7253059 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is the central organizing unit of the eukaryotic cell serving as a genome protective barrier and mechanotransduction interface between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The NE is mainly composed of a nuclear lamina and a double membrane connected at specific points where the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form. Physiological aging might be generically defined as a functional decline across lifespan observed from the cellular to organismal level. Therefore, during aging and premature aging, several cellular alterations occur, including nuclear‐specific changes, particularly, altered nuclear transport, increased genomic instability induced by DNA damage, and telomere attrition. Here, we highlight and discuss proteins associated with nuclear transport dysfunction induced by aging, particularly nucleoporins, nuclear transport factors, and lamins. Moreover, changes in the structure of chromatin and consequent heterochromatin rearrangement upon aging are discussed. These alterations correlate with NE dysfunction, particularly lamins’ alterations. Finally, telomere attrition is addressed and correlated with altered levels of nuclear lamins and nuclear lamina‐associated proteins. Overall, the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying NE dysfunction, including upstream and downstream events, which have yet to be unraveled, will be determinant not only to our understanding of several pathologies, but as here discussed, in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Jéssica Sousa
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Cátia D. Pereira
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Odete A. B. Cruz e Silva
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- The Discoveries CTR Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
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15
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Bikkul MU, Faragher RGA, Worthington G, Meinke P, Kerr ARW, Sammy A, Riyahi K, Horton D, Schirmer EC, Hubank M, Kill IR, Anderson RM, Slijepcevic P, Makarov E, Bridger JM. Telomere elongation through hTERT immortalization leads to chromosome repositioning in control cells and genomic instability in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome fibroblasts, expressing a novel SUN1 isoform. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:341-356. [PMID: 30474255 PMCID: PMC6590296 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalizing primary cells with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been common practice to enable primary cells to be of extended use in the laboratory because they avoid replicative senescence. Studying exogenously expressed hTERT in cells also affords scientists models of early carcinogenesis and telomere behavior. Control and the premature ageing disease—Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) primary dermal fibroblasts, with and without the classical G608G mutation have been immortalized with exogenous hTERT. However, hTERT immortalization surprisingly elicits genome reorganization not only in disease cells but also in the normal control cells, such that whole chromosome territories normally located at the nuclear periphery in proliferating fibroblasts become mislocalized in the nuclear interior. This includes chromosome 18 in the control fibroblasts and both chromosomes 18 and X in HGPS cells, which physically express an isoform of the LINC complex protein SUN1 that has previously only been theoretical. Additionally, this HGPS cell line has also become genomically unstable and has a tetraploid karyotype, which could be due to the novel SUN1 isoform. Long‐term treatment with the hTERT inhibitor BIBR1532 enabled the reduction of telomere length in the immortalized cells and resulted that these mislocalized internal chromosomes to be located at the nuclear periphery, as assessed in actively proliferating cells. Taken together, these findings reveal that elongated telomeres lead to dramatic chromosome mislocalization, which can be restored with a drug treatment that results in telomere reshortening and that a novel SUN1 isoform combined with elongated telomeres leads to genomic instability. Thus, care should be taken when interpreting data from genomic studies in hTERT‐immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet U. Bikkul
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | | | - Gemma Worthington
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich‐Baur‐InstitutKlinikum der Universität MünchenMünchenGermany
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghEngland
| | - Alastair R. W. Kerr
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghEngland
| | - Aakila Sammy
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Kumars Riyahi
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Daniel Horton
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghEngland
| | - Michael Hubank
- Centre for Molecular PathologyThe Royal Marsden HospitalLondonEngland
| | - Ian R. Kill
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Rhona M. Anderson
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Predrag Slijepcevic
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Evgeny Makarov
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
| | - Joanna M. Bridger
- Genome Engineering and Maintenance NetworkInstitute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeEngland
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16
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Burla R, La Torre M, Zanetti G, Bastianelli A, Merigliano C, Del Giudice S, Vercelli A, Di Cunto F, Boido M, Vernì F, Saggio I. p53-Sensitive Epileptic Behavior and Inflammation in Ft1 Hypomorphic Mice. Front Genet 2018; 9:581. [PMID: 30546381 PMCID: PMC6278696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex clinical condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. Seizures have been linked to multiple drivers including DNA damage accumulation. Investigation of epilepsy physiopathology in humans imposes ethical and practical limitations, for this reason model systems are mostly preferred. Among animal models, mouse mutants are particularly valuable since they allow conjoint behavioral, organismal, and genetic analyses. Along with this, since aging has been associated with higher frequency of seizures, prematurely aging mice, simulating human progeroid diseases, offer a further useful modeling element as they recapitulate aging over a short time-window. Here we report on a mouse mutant with progeroid traits that displays repeated spontaneous seizures. Mutant mice were produced by reducing the expression of the gene Ft1 (AKTIP in humans). In vitro, AKTIP/Ft1 depletion causes telomere aberrations, DNA damage, and cell senescence. AKTIP/Ft1 interacts with lamins, which control nuclear architecture and DNA function. Premature aging defects of Ft1 mutant mice include skeletal alterations and lipodystrophy. The epileptic behavior of Ft1 mutant animals was age and sex linked. Seizures were observed in 18 mutant mice (23.6% of aged ≥ 21 weeks), at an average frequency of 2.33 events/mouse. Time distribution of seizures indicated non-random enrichment of seizures over the follow-up period, with 75% of seizures happening in consecutive weeks. The analysis of epileptic brains did not reveal overt brain morphological alterations or severe neurodegeneration, however, Ft1 reduction induced expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TGF-β. Importantly, Ft1 mutant mice with concomitant genetic reduction of the guardian of the genome, p53, showed no seizures or inflammatory marker activation, implicating the DNA damage response into these phenotypes. This work adds insights into the connection among DNA damage, brain function, and aging. In addition, it further underscores the importance of model organisms for studying specific phenotypes, along with permitting the analysis of genetic interactions at the organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alex Bastianelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simona Del Giudice
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Torino, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Torino, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Torino, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Jokhun DS, Shang Y, Shivashankar GV. Actin Dynamics Couples Extracellular Signals to the Mobility and Molecular Stability of Telomeres. Biophys J 2018; 115:1166-1179. [PMID: 30224051 PMCID: PMC6170704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome regulatory programs such as telomere functioning require extracellular signals to be transmitted from the microenvironment to the nucleus and chromatin. Although the cytoskeleton has been shown to directly transmit stresses, we show that the intrinsically dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is important in relaying extracellular signals to telomeres. Interestingly, this mechanical pathway not only transmits physical stimuli but also chemical stimuli. The cytoskeletal network continuously reorganizes and applies dynamic forces on the nucleus and feeds into the regulation of telomere dynamics. We further found that distal telomeres are mechanically coupled in a length- and timescale-dependent manner and identified nesprin 2G as well as lamin A/C as being essential to regulate their translational dynamics. Finally, we demonstrated that such mechanotransduction events impinge on the binding dynamics of critical telomere binding proteins. Our results highlight an overarching physical pathway that regulates positional and molecular stability of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqing Shang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research, Milan, Italy.
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18
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La Torre M, Merigliano C, Burla R, Mottini C, Zanetti G, Del Giudice S, Carcuro M, Virdia I, Bucciarelli E, Manni I, Vinciguerra GR, Piaggio G, Riminucci M, Cumano A, Bartolazzi A, Vernì F, Soddu S, Gatti M, Saggio I. Mice with reduced expression of the telomere-associated protein Ft1 develop p53-sensitive progeroid traits. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12730. [PMID: 29635765 PMCID: PMC6052474 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human AKTIP and mouse Ft1 are orthologous ubiquitin E2 variant proteins involved in telomere maintenance and DNA replication. AKTIP also interacts with A‐ and B‐type lamins. These features suggest that Ft1 may be implicated in aging regulatory pathways. Here, we show that cells derived from hypomorph Ft1 mutant (Ft1kof/kof) mice exhibit telomeric defects and that Ft1kof/kof animals develop progeroid traits, including impaired growth, skeletal and skin defects, abnormal heart tissue, and sterility. We also demonstrate a genetic interaction between Ft1 and p53. The analysis of mice carrying mutations in both Ft1 and p53 (Ft1kof/kof; p53ko/ko and Ft1kof/kof; p53+/ko) showed that reduction in p53 rescues the progeroid traits of Ft1 mutants, suggesting that they are at least in part caused by a p53‐dependent DNA damage response. Conversely, Ft1 reduction alters lymphomagenesis in p53 mutant mice. These results identify Ft1 as a new player in the aging process and open the way to the analysis of its interactions with other progeria genes using the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia La Torre
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Romina Burla
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Carla Mottini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Simona Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Mariateresa Carcuro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Ilaria Virdia
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | | | - Isabella Manni
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | | | - Giulia Piaggio
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphopoiesis Unit; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | | | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Dipartimento di Ricerca, Diagnostica Avanzata e Innovazione Tecnologica; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena; Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Gatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR; Rome Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR; Rome Italy
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19
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Burla R, La Torre M, Merigliano C, Vernì F, Saggio I. Genomic instability and DNA replication defects in progeroid syndromes. Nucleus 2018; 9:368-379. [PMID: 29936894 PMCID: PMC7000143 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1476793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes induced by mutations in lamin A or in its interactors – named progeroid laminopathies – are model systems for the dissection of the molecular pathways causing physiological and premature aging. A large amount of data, based mainly on the Hutchinson Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS), one of the best characterized progeroid laminopathy, has highlighted the role of lamins in multiple DNA activities, including replication, repair, chromatin organization and telomere function. On the other hand, the phenotypes generated by mutations affecting genes directly acting on DNA function, as mutations in the helicases WRN and BLM or in the polymerase polδ, share many of the traits of progeroid laminopathies. These evidences support the hypothesis of a concerted implication of DNA function and lamins in aging. We focus here on these aspects to contribute to the comprehension of the driving forces acting in progeroid syndromes and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy.,c Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
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20
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Guastafierro T, Bacalini MG, Marcoccia A, Gentilini D, Pisoni S, Di Blasio AM, Corsi A, Franceschi C, Raimondo D, Spanò A, Garagnani P, Bondanini F. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood cells from patients with Werner syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:92. [PMID: 28861129 PMCID: PMC5577832 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Werner syndrome is a progeroid disorder characterized by premature age-related phenotypes. Although it is well established that autosomal recessive mutations in the WRN gene is responsible for Werner syndrome, the molecular alterations that lead to disease phenotype remain still unidentified. Results To address whether epigenetic changes can be associated with Werner syndrome phenotype, we analysed genome-wide DNA methylation profile using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in the whole blood from three patients affected by Werner syndrome compared with three age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Hypermethylated probes were enriched in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, FoxO signalling and insulin signalling pathways, while hypomethylated probes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signalling and focal adhesion pathways. Twenty-two out of 47 of the differentially methylated genes belonging to the enriched pathways resulted differentially expressed in a publicly available dataset on Werner syndrome fibroblasts. Interestingly, differentially methylated regions identified CERS1 and CERS3, two members of the ceramide synthase family. Moreover, we found differentially methylated probes within ITGA9 and ADAM12 genes, whose methylation is altered in systemic sclerosis, and within the PRDM8 gene, whose methylation is affected in dyskeratosis congenita and Down syndrome. Conclusions DNA methylation changes in the peripheral blood from Werner syndrome patients provide new insight in the pathogenesis of the disease, highlighting in some cases a functional correlation of gene expression and methylation status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guastafierro
- UOC of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Bacalini
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marcoccia
- CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,UOSD Ischemic Microangiopathy and Sclerodermic Ulcers, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gentilini
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pisoni
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Blasio
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Spanò
- UOC of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Bondanini
- CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Clinical Pathology, Saint' Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
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