1
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Robben M, Ramesh B, Pau S, Meletis D, Luber J, Demuth J. scRNA-seq Reveals Novel Genetic Pathways and Sex Chromosome Regulation in Tribolium Spermatogenesis. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae059. [PMID: 38513111 PMCID: PMC10980526 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is critical to sexual reproduction yet evolves rapidly in many organisms. High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics promises unparalleled insight into this important process but understanding can be impeded in nonmodel systems by a lack of known genes that can reliably demarcate biologically meaningful cell populations. Tribolium castaneum, the red flour beetle, lacks known markers for spermatogenesis found in insect species like Drosophila melanogaster. Using single-cell sequencing data collected from adult beetle testes, we implement a strategy for elucidating biologically meaningful cell populations by using transient expression stage identification markers, weighted principal component clustering, and SNP-based haploid/diploid phasing. We identify populations that correspond to observable points in sperm differentiation and find species specific markers for each stage. Our results indicate that molecular pathways underlying spermatogenesis in Coleoptera are substantially diverged from those in Diptera. We also show that most genes on the X chromosome experience meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Temporal expression of Drosophila MSL complex homologs coupled with spatial analysis of potential chromatin entry sites further suggests that the dosage compensation machinery may mediate escape from meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and postmeiotic reactivation of the X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robben
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Balan Ramesh
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Shana Pau
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Demetra Meletis
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jacob Luber
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jeffery Demuth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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2
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Subbiah A, Caswell DL, Turner K, Jaiswal A, Avidor-Reiss T. CP110 and CEP135 Localize Near the Proximal Centriolar Remnants of Mice Spermatozoa. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001083. [PMID: 38351906 PMCID: PMC10862134 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrioles form centrosomes that organize microtubules, assist in cell structure, and nucleate cilia that provide motility and sensation. Within the sperm, the centrosome consists of two centrioles (proximal and distal centriole) and a pericentriolar material known as the striated column and capitulum. The distal centriole nucleates the flagellum. Mice spermatozoa, unlike other mammal spermatozoa (e.g., human and bovine), have no ultra-structurally recognizable centrioles, but their neck has the centriolar proteins POC1B and FAM161A, suggesting mice spermatozoa have remnant centrioles. Here, we examine whether other centriolar proteins, CP110 and CEP135, found in the human and bovine spermatozoa centrioles are also found in the mouse spermatozoa neck. CP110 is a tip protein controlling ciliogenesis, and CEP135 is a centriole-specific structural protein in the centriole base of canonical centrioles found in most cell types. Here, we report that CP110 and CEP135 were both located in the mice spermatozoa neck around the proximal centriolar remnants labeled by POC1B, increasing the number of centriolar proteins found in the mice spermatozoa neck, further supporting the hypothesis that a remnant proximal centriole is present in mice.
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3
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Khanal S, Jaiswal A, Chowdanayaka R, Puente N, Turner K, Assefa KY, Nawras M, Back ED, Royfman A, Burkett JP, Cheong SH, Fisher HS, Sindhwani P, Gray J, Ramachandra NB, Avidor-Reiss T. The evolution of centriole degradation in mouse sperm. Nat Commun 2024; 15:117. [PMID: 38168044 PMCID: PMC10761967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles are found at the flagellum base and are essential for embryo development in basal animals. Yet, sperm centrioles have evolved diverse forms, sometimes acting like a transmission system, as in cattle, and sometimes becoming dispensable, as in house mice. How the essential sperm centriole evolved to become dispensable in some organisms is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that this transition occurred through a cascade of evolutionary changes to the proteins, structure, and function of sperm centrioles and was possibly driven by sperm competition. We found that the final steps in this cascade are associated with a change in the primary structure of the centriolar inner scaffold protein FAM161A in rodents. This information provides the first insight into the molecular mechanisms and adaptive evolution underlying a major evolutionary transition within the internal structure of the mammalian sperm neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Chowdanayaka
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, India
| | - Nahshon Puente
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Katerina Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Mohamad Nawras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ezekiel David Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James P Burkett
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi S Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - John Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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4
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Royfman A, Khanal S, Avidor-Reiss T. Structural Analysis of Sperm Centrioles Using N-STORM. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2725:103-119. [PMID: 37856020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3507-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A prominent technical barrier when imaging swimming sperm is capturing a singular sperm cell's head and tail position simultaneously at a high resolution to understand their relationship in different stages of the sperm tail beating cycle. This is due to the sperm's high beating frequency, rotational movement, and the large difference in diameter between the head and tail. These intricacies increase the complexity of determining the position of a dynamic subcellular structure in the sperm neck, such as the centriole. We have developed a way to obtain this information by snap freezing mobile sperm at different stages of the sperm tail beating cycle and then analyzing them with super-resolution microscopy. This method captures the position of both the sperm head and tail at the microscale and centriolar substructure details at the nanoscale. This chapter describes the detailed procedures for the selection, preparation, antibody staining, 3D N-STORM imaging, and image quantification of bovine spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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5
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Uzbekov RE, Avidor-Reiss T. The Centrosome: Conclusions and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233931. [PMID: 36497189 PMCID: PMC9739391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem E. Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 10, Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 73, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-3437-9692
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 3050 W. Towerview Blvd, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
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6
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Sperm centriole assessment identifies male factor infertility in couples with unexplained infertility – a pilot study. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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7
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Avidor-Reiss T, Achinger L, Uzbekov R. The Centriole's Role in Miscarriages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864692. [PMID: 35300410 PMCID: PMC8922021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles essential for normal cell function and development; they form the cell’s centrosome (a major cytoplasmic microtubule organization center) and cilium (a sensory and motile hair-like cellular extension). Centrioles with evolutionarily conserved characteristics are found in most animal cell types but are absent in egg cells and exhibit unexpectedly high structural, compositional, and functional diversity in sperm cells. As a result, the centriole’s precise role in fertility and early embryo development is unclear. The centrioles are found in the spermatozoan neck, a strategic location connecting two central functional units: the tail, which propels the sperm to the egg and the head, which holds the paternal genetic material. The spermatozoan neck is an ideal site for evolutionary innovation as it can control tail movement pre-fertilization and the male pronucleus’ behavior post-fertilization. We propose that human, bovine, and most other mammals–which exhibit ancestral centriole-dependent reproduction and two spermatozoan centrioles, where one canonical centriole is maintained, and one atypical centriole is formed–adapted extensive species-specific centriolar features. As a result, these centrioles have a high post-fertilization malfunction rate, resulting in aneuploidy, and miscarriages. In contrast, house mice evolved centriole-independent reproduction, losing the spermatozoan centrioles and overcoming a mechanism that causes miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Luke Achinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Atypical Centriolar Composition Correlates with Internal Fertilization in Fish. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050758. [PMID: 35269380 PMCID: PMC8909020 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sperm competition theory, as proposed by Geoff Parker, predicts that sperm evolve through a cascade of changes. As an example, internal fertilization is followed by sperm morphology diversification. However, little is known about the evolution of internal sperm structures. The centriole has an ancient and evolutionarily conserved canonical structure with signature 9-fold, radially symmetric microtubules that form the cell’s centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. Most animal spermatozoa have two centrioles, one of which forms the spermatozoan flagellum. Both are delivered to the egg and constitute the embryo’s first two centrosomes. The spermatozoa of mammals and insects only have one recognizable centriole with a canonical structure. A second sperm centriole with an atypical structure was recently reported in both animal groups and which, prior to this, eluded discovery by standard techniques and criteria. Because the ancestors of both mammals and insects reproduced by internal fertilization, we hypothesized that the transition from two centrioles with canonical composition in ancestral sperm to an atypical centriolar composition characterized by only one canonical centriole evolved preferentially after internal fertilization. We examined fish because of the diversity of species available to test this hypothesis−as some species reproduce via internal and others via external fertilization−and because their spermatozoan ultrastructure has been extensively studied. Our literature search reports on 277 fish species. Species reported with atypical centriolar composition are specifically enriched among internal fertilizers compared to external fertilizers (7/34, 20.6% versus 2/243, 0.80%; p < 0.00001, odds ratio = 32.4) and represent phylogenetically unrelated fish. Atypical centrioles are present in the internal fertilizers of the subfamily Poeciliinae. Therefore, internally fertilizing fish preferentially and independently evolved spermatozoa with atypical centriolar composition multiple times, agreeing with Parker’s cascade theory.
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9
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Turner KA, Fishman EL, Asadullah M, Ott B, Dusza P, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Nadiminty N, Molinari E, Patrizio P, Saltzman BS, Avidor-Reiss T. Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Analysis of Sperm Centrioles (FRAC) Finds Patient Age and Sperm Morphology Are Associated With Centriole Quality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658891. [PMID: 33968935 PMCID: PMC8100587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of infertility and miscarriage causes are unknown. One potential cause is a defective sperm centriole, a subcellular structure essential for sperm motility and embryonic development. Yet, the extent to which centriolar maladies contribute to male infertility is unknown due to the lack of a convenient way to assess centriole quality. We developed a robust, location-based, ratiometric assay to overcome this roadblock, the Fluorescence-based Ratiometric Assessment of Centrioles (FRAC). We performed a case series study with semen samples from 33 patients, separated using differential gradient centrifugation into higher-grade (pellet) and lower-grade (interface) sperm fractions. Using a reference population of higher-grade sperm from infertile men with morphologically standard sperm, we found that 79% of higher-grade sperm of infertile men with substandard sperm morphology have suboptimal centrioles (P = 0.0005). Moreover, tubulin labeling of the sperm distal centriole correlates negatively with age (P = 0.004, R = -0.66). These findings suggest that FRAC is a sensitive method and that patient age and sperm morphology are associated with centriole quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina A. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily L. Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mariam Asadullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Brooke Ott
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Dusza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emanuela Molinari
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasquale Patrizio
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara S. Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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10
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Avidor-Reiss T, Carr A, Fishman EL. The sperm centrioles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110987. [PMID: 32810575 PMCID: PMC7606549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are eukaryotic subcellular structures that produce and regulate massive cytoskeleton superstructures. They form centrosomes and cilia, regulate new centriole formation, anchor cilia to the cell, and regulate cilia function. These basic centriolar functions are executed in sperm cells during their amplification from spermatogonial stem cells during their differentiation to spermatozoa, and finally, after fertilization, when the sperm fuses with the egg. However, sperm centrioles exhibit many unique characteristics not commonly observed in other cell types, including structural remodeling, centriole-flagellum transition zone migration, and cell membrane association during meiosis. Here, we discuss five roles of sperm centrioles: orchestrating early spermatogenic cell divisions, forming the spermatozoon flagella, linking the spermatozoon head and tail, controlling sperm tail beating, and organizing the cytoskeleton of the zygote post-fertilization. We present the historic discovery of the centriole as a sperm factor that initiates embryogenesis, and recent genetic studies in humans and other mammals evaluating the current evidence for the five functions of sperm centrioles. We also examine information connecting the various sperm centriole functions to distinct clinical phenotypes. The emerging picture is that centrioles are essential sperm components with remarkable functional diversity and specialization that will require extensive and in-depth future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Alexa Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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11
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Principal Postulates of Centrosomal Biology. Version 2020. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102156. [PMID: 32987651 PMCID: PMC7598677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome, which consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is a unique structure that has retained its main features in organisms of various taxonomic groups from unicellular algae to mammals over one billion years of evolution. In addition to the most noticeable function of organizing the microtubule system in mitosis and interphase, the centrosome performs many other cell functions. In particular, centrioles are the basis for the formation of sensitive primary cilia and motile cilia and flagella. Another principal function of centrosomes is the concentration in one place of regulatory proteins responsible for the cell's progression along the cell cycle. Despite the existing exceptions, the functioning of the centrosome is subject to general principles, which are discussed in this review.
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12
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Vasudeva R, Sutter A, Sales K, Dickinson ME, Lumley AJ, Gage MJG. Adaptive thermal plasticity enhances sperm and egg performance in a model insect. eLife 2019; 8:e49452. [PMID: 31570120 PMCID: PMC6773439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising and more variable global temperatures pose a challenge for biodiversity, with reproduction and fertility being especially sensitive to heat. Here, we assessed the potential for thermal adaptation in sperm and egg function using Tribolium flour beetles, a warm-temperate-tropical insect model. Following temperature increases through adult development, we found opposing gamete responses, with males producing shorter sperm and females laying larger eggs. Importantly, this gamete phenotypic plasticity was adaptive: thermal translocation experiments showed that both sperm and eggs produced in warmer conditions had superior reproductive performance in warmer environments, and vice versa for cooler production conditions and reproductive environments. In warmer environments, gamete plasticity enabled males to double their reproductive success, and females could increase offspring production by one-third. Our results reveal exciting potential for sensitive but vital traits within reproduction to handle increasing and more variable thermal regimes in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Sutter
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Kris Sales
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Alyson J Lumley
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew JG Gage
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
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13
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Avidor-Reiss T, Mazur M, Fishman EL, Sindhwani P. The Role of Sperm Centrioles in Human Reproduction - The Known and the Unknown. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:188. [PMID: 31632960 PMCID: PMC6781795 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Each human spermatozoon contains two remodeled centrioles that it contributes to the zygote. There, the centrioles reconstitute a centrosome that assembles the sperm aster and participate in pronuclei migration and cleavage. Thus, centriole abnormalities may be a cause of male factor infertility and failure to carry pregnancy to term. However, the precise mechanisms by which sperm centrioles contribute to embryonic development in humans are still unclear, making the search for a link between centriole abnormalities and impaired male fecundity particularly difficult. Most previous investigations into the role of mammalian centrioles during fertilization have been completed in murine models; however, because mouse sperm and zygotes appear to lack centrioles, these studies provide information that is limited in its applicability to humans. Here, we review studies that examine the role of the sperm centrioles in the early embryo, with particular emphasis on humans. Available literature includes case studies and case-control studies, with a few retrospective studies and no prospective studies reported. This literature has provided some insight into the morphological characteristics of sperm centrioles in the zygote and has allowed identification of some centriole abnormalities in rare cases. Many of these studies suggest centriole involvement in early embryogenesis based on phenotypes of the embryo with only indirect evidence for centriole abnormality. Overall, these studies suggest that centriole abnormalities are present in some cases of sperm with asthenoteratozoospermia and unexplained infertility. Yet, most previously published studies have been restricted by the laborious techniques (like electron microscopy) and the limited availability of centriolar markers, resulting in small-scale studies and the lack of solid causational evidence. With recent progress in sperm centriole biology, such as the identification of the unique composition of sperm centrioles and the discovery of the atypical centriole, it is now possible to begin to fill the gaps in sperm centriole epidemiology and to identify the etiology of sperm centriole dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Mazur
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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14
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Jo KH, Jaiswal A, Khanal S, Fishman EL, Curry AN, Avidor-Reiss T. Poc1B and Sas-6 Function Together during the Atypical Centriole Formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080841. [PMID: 31387336 PMCID: PMC6721650 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and mammals have atypical centrioles in their sperm. However, it is unclear how these atypical centrioles form. Drosophila melanogaster sperm has one typical centriole called the giant centriole (GC) and one atypical centriole called the proximal centriole-like structure (PCL). During early sperm development, centriole duplication factors such as Ana2 and Sas-6 are recruited to the GC base to initiate PCL formation. The centriolar protein, Poc1B, is also recruited at this initiation stage, but its precise role during PCL formation is unclear. Here, we show that Poc1B recruitment was dependent on Sas-6, that Poc1B had effects on cellular and PCL Sas-6, and that Poc1B and Sas-6 were colocalized in the PCL/centriole core. These findings suggest that Sas-6 and Poc1B interact during PCL formation. Co-overexpression of Ana2 and Sas-6 induced the formation of ectopic particles that contained endogenous Poc1 proteins and were composed of PCL-like structures. These structures were disrupted in Poc1 mutant flies, suggesting that Poc1 proteins stabilize the PCL-like structures. Lastly, Poc1B and Sas-6 co-overexpression also induced the formation of PCL-like structures, suggesting that they can function together during the formation of the PCL. Overall, our findings suggest that Poc1B and Sas-6 function together during PCL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung H Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Alaina N Curry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA.
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15
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Dallai R, Mercati D, Lino-Neto J, Dias G, Folly C, Lupetti P. The peculiar structure of the flagellar axoneme in Coccinellidae (Insecta-Coleoptera). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2019; 49:50-61. [PMID: 30445115 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the complex organisation of the spermatozoa in Harmonia axyridis and Adalia decempunctata (Coccinellidae) was studied, with particular emphasis on the origin of the anterior shifting of the axonemal structure, which becomes parallel to the nucleus in the sperm flagellum. In studying the spermiogenesis, a centriolar remodelling was observed with the long centriole, present in the early spermatids, transformed in the spermatozoa into an exceptionally long and narrowed basal body (about 0.16 × 3.5-4.0 μm long) displaying a 9 + 0 microtubular pattern in the proximal part and a 9 + 2 pattern in the following part; this is a characteristic not observed in any other pterygotan insect. The sperm also have a very long acrosome surrounded by a dense layer of material extending along the whole basal body. These two uncommon features were discussed in the light of sperm movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Glenda Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Camilla Folly
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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16
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Avidor-Reiss T, Fishman EL. It takes two (centrioles) to tango. Reproduction 2019; 157:R33-R51. [PMID: 30496124 PMCID: PMC6494718 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells that divide during embryo development require precisely two centrioles during interphase and four centrioles during mitosis. This precise number is maintained by allowing each centriole to nucleate only one centriole per cell cycle (i.e. centriole duplication). Yet, how the first cell of the embryo, the zygote, obtains two centrioles has remained a mystery in most mammals and insects. The mystery arose because the female gamete (oocyte) is thought to have no functional centrioles and the male gamete (spermatozoon) is thought to have only one functional centriole, resulting in a zygote with a single centriole. However, recent studies in fruit flies, beetles and mammals, including humans, suggest an alternative explanation: spermatozoa have a typical centriole and an atypical centriole. The sperm typical centriole has a normal structure but distinct protein composition, whereas the sperm atypical centriole is distinct in both. During fertilization, the atypical centriole is released into the zygote, nucleates a new centriole and participates in spindle pole formation. Thus, the spermatozoa's atypical centriole acts as a second centriole in the zygote. Here, we review centriole biology in general and especially in reproduction, we describe the discovery of the spermatozoon atypical centriole, and we provide an updated model for centriole inherence during sexual reproduction. While we focus on humans and other non-rodent mammals, we also provide a broader evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Rd., Wolfe Hall 4259, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Emily L. Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Rd., Wolfe Hall 4259, Toledo, OH 43606
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17
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Avidor-Reiss T, Turner K. The Evolution of Centriole Structure: Heterochrony, Neoteny, and Hypermorphosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:3-15. [PMID: 31435789 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles that were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, where the centriole's ancestral role was to form cilia. Centrioles have maintained a remarkably conserved structure in eukaryotes that have cilia, while groups that lack cilia have lost their centrioles, highlighting the structure-function relationship that exists between the centriole and the cilium. In contrast, animal sperm cells, a ciliated cell, exhibit remarkable structural diversity in the centriole. Understanding how this structural diversity evolved may provide insight into centriole assembly and function, as well as their unique role in sperm. Here, we apply concepts used in the study of the evolution of animal morphology to gain insight into the evolution of centriole structure. We propose that centrioles with an atypical structure form because of changes in the timing of centriole assembly events, which can be described as centriolar "heterochrony." Atypical centrioles of insects and mammals appear to have evolved through different types of heterochrony. Here, we discuss two particular types of heterochrony: neoteny and hypermorphosis. The centriole assembly of insect sperm cells exhibits the retention of "juvenile" centriole structure, which can be described as centriolar "neoteny." Mammalian sperm cells have an extended centriole assembly program through the addition of novel steps such as centrosome reduction and centriole remodeling to form atypical centrioles, a form of centriole "hypermorphosis." Overall, centriole heterochrony appears to be a common mechanism for the development of the atypical centriole during the evolution of centriole assembly of various animals' sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Katerina Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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18
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Rapid Evolution of Sperm Produces Diverse Centriole Structures that Reveal the Most Rudimentary Structure Needed for Function. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070067. [PMID: 29949922 PMCID: PMC6071034 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are ancient subcellular protein-based organelles that maintain a conserved number and structure across many groups of eukaryotes. Centriole number (two per cells) is tightly regulated; each pre-existing centriole nucleates only one centriole as the cell prepares for division. The structure of centrioles is barrel-shaped, with a nine-fold symmetry of microtubules. This organization of microtubules is essential for the ancestral function of centriole–cilium nucleation. In animal cells, centrioles have gained an additional role: recruiting pericentriolar material (PCM) to form a centrosome. Therefore, it is striking that in animal spermatozoa, the centrioles have a remarkable diversity of structures, where some are so anomalous that they are referred to as atypical centrioles and are barely recognizable. The atypical centriole maintains the ability to form a centrosome and nucleate a new centriole, and therefore reveals the most rudimentary structure that is needed for centriole function. However, the atypical centriole appears to be incapable of forming a cilium. Here, we propose that the diversity in sperm centriole structure is due to rapid evolution in the shape of the spermatozoa head and neck. The enhanced diversity may be driven by a combination of direct selection for novel centriole functions and pleiotropy, which eliminates centriole properties that are dispensable in the spermatozoa function.
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19
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Fishman EL, Jo K, Nguyen QPH, Kong D, Royfman R, Cekic AR, Khanal S, Miller AL, Simerly C, Schatten G, Loncarek J, Mennella V, Avidor-Reiss T. A novel atypical sperm centriole is functional during human fertilization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2210. [PMID: 29880810 PMCID: PMC5992222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of the centrosome during human fertilization remains mysterious. Here we show that the sperm centrosome contains, in addition to the known typical barrel-shaped centriole (the proximal centriole, PC), a surrounding matrix (pericentriolar material, PCM), and an atypical centriole (distal centriole, DC) composed of splayed microtubules surrounding previously undescribed rods of centriole luminal proteins. The sperm centrosome is remodeled by both reduction and enrichment of specific proteins and the formation of these rods during spermatogenesis. In vivo and in vitro investigations show that the flagellum-attached, atypical DC is capable of recruiting PCM, forming a daughter centriole, and localizing to the spindle pole during mitosis. Altogether, we show that the DC is compositionally and structurally remodeled into an atypical centriole, which functions as the zygote's second centriole. These findings now provide novel avenues for diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for male infertility, and insights into early embryo developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Kyoung Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Quynh P H Nguyen
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rachel Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Anthony R Cekic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Simerly
- Departments of Cell Biology; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; and Bioengineering, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gerald Schatten
- Departments of Cell Biology; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; and Bioengineering, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vito Mennella
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA.
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Wei YL, Yang WX. The acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis may function in sperm head shaping and male fertility. Gene 2018; 660:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Dallai R, Mercati D, Lino-Neto J, Dias G, Lupetti P. Evidence of a procentriole during spermiogenesis in the coccinellid insect Adalia decempunctata (L): An ultrastructural study. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:815-823. [PMID: 29092794 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Adalia decempunctata (L), a beetle of the Coccinellidae family. The spermatocyte exhibits two centrioles which elongate to form a pair of primary cilia. A novel structure, appearing in cross sections as a dense droplet, is observed near the long centriole during spermiogenesis, and is soon accompanied by a procentriole (PCL). PCL structure consists of singlet microtubules, a central tubule and an incomplete cartwheel. The PCL persists until the end of spermiogenesis, when it vanishes together with the dense droplet. The sperm has an exceptionally long basal body and the nucleus is disposed parallel to the flagellar components, a peculiar trait shared by other species of the coccinellid group. The presence of a procentriole suggested by the use of antibodies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Glenda Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, CEP, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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