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Madhu P, Mukhopadhyay S. Distinct types of amyloid-β oligomers displaying diverse neurotoxicity mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1594-1608. [PMID: 34494298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are recognized as key pernicious species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that cause synaptic dysfunction and memory impairments. Numerous studies have identified various types of Aβ oligomers having heterogeneous peptide length, size distribution, structure, appearance, and toxicity. Here, we review the characteristics of soluble Aβ oligomers based on their morphology, size, and structural reactivity toward the conformation-specific antibodies and then describe their formation, localization, and cellular effects in AD brains, in vivo and in vitro. We also summarize the mechanistic pathways by which these soluble Aβ oligomers cause proteasomal impairment, calcium dyshomeostasis, inhibition of long-term potentiation, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and cognitive decline. These cellular events include three distinct molecular mechanisms: (i) high-affinity binding with the receptors for Aβ oligomers such as N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors, cellular prion protein, nerve growth factor, insulin receptors, and frizzled receptors; (ii) the interaction of Aβ oligomers with the lipid membranes; (iii) intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, apolipoprotein E, and receptor for advanced glycation end products. These studies indicate that there is a pressing need to carefully examine the role of size, appearance, and the conformation of oligomers in identifying the specific mechanism of neurotoxicity that may uncover potential targets for designing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Madhu
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
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2
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The Cellular Prion Protein Increases the Uptake and Toxicity of TDP-43 Fibrils. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081625. [PMID: 34452489 PMCID: PMC8402629 DOI: 10.3390/v13081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of the primarily nuclear TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) affects neurons in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and approximately half of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases. The cellular prion protein, PrPC, has been recognized as a common receptor and downstream effector of circulating neurotoxic species of several proteins involved in neurodegeneration. Here, capitalizing on our recently adapted TDP-43 real time quaking induced reaction, we set reproducible protocols to obtain standardized preparations of recombinant TDP-43 fibrils. We then exploited two different cellular systems (human SH-SY5Y and mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells) engineered to express low or high PrPC levels to investigate the link between PrPC expression on the cell surface and the internalization of TDP-43 fibrils. Fibril uptake was increased in cells overexpressing either human or mouse prion protein. Increased internalization was associated with detrimental consequences in all PrP-overexpressing cell lines but was milder in cells expressing the human form of the prion protein. As described for other amyloids, treatment with TDP-43 fibrils induced a reduction in the accumulation of the misfolded form of PrPC, PrPSc, in cells chronically infected with prions. Our results expand the list of misfolded proteins whose uptake and detrimental effects are mediated by PrPC, which encompass almost all pathological amyloids involved in neurodegeneration.
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3
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Structural details of amyloid β oligomers in complex with human prion protein as revealed by solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100499. [PMID: 33667547 PMCID: PMC8042448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PrP (huPrP) is a high-affinity receptor for oligomeric amyloid β (Aβ) protein aggregates. Binding of Aβ oligomers to membrane-anchored huPrP has been suggested to trigger neurotoxic cell signaling in Alzheimer’s disease, while an N-terminal soluble fragment of huPrP can sequester Aβ oligomers and reduce their toxicity. Synthetic oligomeric Aβ species are known to be heterogeneous, dynamic, and transient, rendering their structural investigation particularly challenging. Here, using huPrP to preserve Aβ oligomers by coprecipitating them into large heteroassemblies, we investigated the conformations of Aβ(1–42) oligomers and huPrP in the complex by solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy. The disordered N-terminal region of huPrP becomes immobilized in the complex and therefore visible in dipolar spectra without adopting chemical shifts characteristic of a regular secondary structure. Most of the well-defined C-terminal part of huPrP is part of the rigid complex, and solid-state NMR spectra suggest a loss in regular secondary structure in the two C-terminal α-helices. For Aβ(1–42) oligomers in complex with huPrP, secondary chemical shifts reveal substantial β-strand content. Importantly, not all Aβ(1–42) molecules within the complex have identical conformations. Comparison with the chemical shifts of synthetic Aβ fibrils suggests that the Aβ oligomer preparation represents a heterogeneous mixture of β-strand-rich assemblies, of which some have the potential to evolve and elongate into different fibril polymorphs, reflecting a general propensity of Aβ to adopt variable β-strand-rich conformers. Taken together, our results reveal structural changes in huPrP upon binding to Aβ oligomers that suggest a role of the C terminus of huPrP in cell signaling. Trapping Aβ(1–42) oligomers by binding to huPrP has proved to be a useful tool for studying the structure of these highly heterogeneous β-strand-rich assemblies.
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4
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Ferreira NDC, Caughey B. Proteopathic Seed Amplification Assays for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2020; 40:257-270. [PMID: 32718498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for etiological biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases involving protein aggregation has prompted development of ultrasensitive cellular and cell-free assays based on the prion-like seeding capacity of such aggregates. Among them, prion RT-QuIC assays allow accurate antemortem Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease diagnosis using cerebrospinal fluid and nasal brushings. Analogous assays for synucleinopathies (e.g., Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) provide unprecedented diagnostic sensitivity using cerebrospinal fluid. Biosensor cell and tau RT-QuIC assays can detect and discriminate tau aggregates associated with multiple tauopathies (e.g., Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal degeneration). An expanding panel of seed amplification assays should improve diagnostics and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália do Carmo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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Ezpeleta J, Baudouin V, Arellano-Anaya ZE, Boudet-Devaud F, Pietri M, Baudry A, Haeberlé AM, Bailly Y, Kellermann O, Launay JM, Schneider B. Production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in model of prion diseases upon PrP Sc-induced PDK1 overactivation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3442. [PMID: 31371707 PMCID: PMC6672003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain of some individuals with Creutzfeldt-Jakob or Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker diseases suggests that pathogenic prions (PrPSc) would have stimulated the production and deposition of Aβ peptides. We here show in prion-infected neurons and mice that deregulation of the PDK1-TACE α-secretase pathway reduces the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) α-cleavage in favor of APP β-processing, leading to Aβ40/42 accumulation. Aβ predominates as monomers, but is also found as trimers and tetramers. Prion-induced Aβ peptides do not affect prion replication and infectivity, but display seedable properties as they can deposit in the mouse brain only when seeds of Aβ trimers are co-transmitted with PrPSc. Importantly, brain Aβ deposition accelerates death of prion-infected mice. Our data stress that PrPSc, through deregulation of the PDK1-TACE-APP pathway, provokes the accumulation of Aβ, a prerequisite for the onset of an Aβ seeds-induced Aβ pathology within a prion-infectious context. Aβ plaques have been detected in brains of patients with prion diseases. Here, using mice, the authors show that prion infection enhances Aβ production via a PDK1-TACE mechanism and that brain deposition of Aβ induced by Aβ seeds co-transmitted with PrPSc contributes to mortality in prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ezpeleta
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Baudouin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Zaira E Arellano-Anaya
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - François Boudet-Devaud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mathéa Pietri
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baudry
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haeberlé
- Trafic Membranaire dans les Cellules du Système Nerveux, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Bailly
- Trafic Membranaire dans les Cellules du Système Nerveux, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR 942, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France. .,Pharma Research Department, Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Benoit Schneider
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.
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6
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Rossi M, Kai H, Baiardi S, Bartoletti-Stella A, Carlà B, Zenesini C, Capellari S, Kitamoto T, Parchi P. The characterization of AD/PART co-pathology in CJD suggests independent pathogenic mechanisms and no cross-seeding between misfolded Aβ and prion proteins. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:53. [PMID: 30961668 PMCID: PMC6454607 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicating a role of the human prion protein (PrP) in amyloid-beta (Aβ) formation or a synergistic effect between Aβ and prion pathology remains controversial. Conflicting results also concern the frequency of the association between the two protein misfolding disorders and the issue of whether the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and the prion protein gene (PRNP), the major modifiers of Aβ- and PrP-related pathologies, also have a pathogenic role in other proteinopathies, including tau neurofibrillary degeneration. Here, we thoroughly characterized the Alzheimer’s disease/primary age-related tauopathy (AD/PART) spectrum in a series of 450 cases with definite sporadic or genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Moreover, we analyzed: (i) the effect of variables known to affect CJD pathogenesis and the co-occurring Aβ- and tau-related pathologies; (II) the influence of APOE genotype on CJD pathology, and (III) the effect of AD/PART co-pathology on the clinical CJD phenotype. AD/PART characterized 74% of CJD brains, with 53.3% and 8.2% showing low or intermediate-high levels of AD pathology, and 12.4 and 11.8% definite or possible PART. There was no significant correlation between variables affecting CJD (i.e., disease subtype, prion strain, PRNP genotype) and those defining the AD/PART spectrum (i.e., ABC score, Thal phase, prevalence of CAA and Braak stage), and no difference in the distribution of APOE ε4 and ε2 genotypes among CJD subtypes. Moreover, AD/PART co-pathology did not significantly affect the clinical presentation of typical CJD, except for a tendency to increase the frequency of cognitive symptoms. Altogether, the present results seem to exclude an increased prevalence AD/PART co-pathology in sporadic and genetic CJD, and indicate that largely independent pathogenic mechanisms drive AD/PART and CJD pathology even when they coexist in the same brain.
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Baiardi S, Rossi M, Capellari S, Parchi P. Recent advances in the histo-molecular pathology of human prion disease. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:278-300. [PMID: 30588685 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and other mammalian species. The term prion, originally put forward to propose the concept that a protein could be infectious, refers to PrPSc , a misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC ) that represents the pathogenetic hallmark of these disorders. The discovery that other proteins characterized by misfolding and seeded aggregation can spread from cell to cell, similarly to PrPSc , has increased interest in prion diseases. Among neurodegenerative disorders, however, prion diseases distinguish themselves for the broader phenotypic spectrum, the fastest disease progression and the existence of infectious forms that can be transmitted through the exposure to diseased tissues via ingestion, injection or transplantation. The main clinicopathological phenotypes of human prion disease include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, by far the most common, fatal insomnia, variably protease-sensitive prionopathy, and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. However, clinicopathological manifestations extend even beyond those predicted by this classification. Because of their transmissibility, the phenotypic diversity of prion diseases can also be propagated into syngenic hosts as prion strains with distinct characteristics, such as incubation period, pattern of PrPSc distribution and regional severity of histopathological changes in the brain. Increasing evidence indicates that different PrPSc conformers, forming distinct ordered aggregates, encipher the phenotypic variants related to prion strains. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances concerning the histo-molecular pathology of human prion disease focusing on the phenotypic spectrum of the disease including co-pathologies, the characterization of prion strains by experimental transmission and their correlation with the physicochemical properties of PrPSc aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Younan ND, Chen KF, Rose RS, Crowther DC, Viles JH. Prion protein stabilizes amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and enhances Aβ neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13090-13099. [PMID: 29887525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) can act as a cell-surface receptor for β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide; however, a role for PrPC in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is contested. Here, we expressed a range of Aβ isoforms and PrPC in the Drosophila brain. We found that co-expression of Aβ and PrPC significantly reduces the lifespan, disrupts circadian rhythms, and increases Aβ deposition in the fly brain. In contrast, under the same conditions, expression of Aβ or PrPC individually did not lead to these phenotypic changes. In vitro studies revealed that substoichiometric amounts of PrPC trap Aβ as oligomeric assemblies and fragment-preformed Aβ fibers. The ability of membrane-anchored PrPC to trap Aβ as cytotoxic oligomers at the membrane surface and fragment inert Aβ fibers suggests a mechanism by which PrPC exacerbates Aβ deposition and pathogenic phenotypes in the fly, supporting a role for PrPC in AD. This study provides a second animal model linking PrPC expression with Aβ toxicity and supports a role for PrPC in AD pathogenesis. Blocking the interaction of Aβ and PrPC represents a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine D Younan
- From the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ko-Fan Chen
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ruth-Sarah Rose
- From the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Damian C Crowther
- the Neuroscience IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - John H Viles
- From the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom,
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Rasmussen J, Krasemann S, Altmeppen H, Schwarz P, Schelle J, Aguzzi A, Glatzel M, Jucker M. Infectious prions do not induce Aβ deposition in an in vivo seeding model. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:965-967. [PMID: 29663066 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Rasmussen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience-Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf UKE, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf UKE, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Schelle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience-Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf UKE, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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