1
|
Lara-Gonzalez P, Variyar S, Moghareh S, Nguyen ACN, Kizhedathu A, Budrewicz J, Schlientz A, Varshney N, Bellaart A, Oegema K, Bardwell L, Desai A. Cyclin B3 is a dominant fast-acting cyclin that drives rapid early embryonic mitoses. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308034. [PMID: 39105756 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis in early embryos often proceeds at a rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here, we show that cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses in the C. elegans embryo. Cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to anaphase ∼600 s), but the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the approximately threefold faster mitosis observed in wildtype. Multiple mitotic events are slowed down in cyclin B1 and B2-driven mitosis, and cyclin B3-associated Cdk1 H1 kinase activity is ∼25-fold more active than cyclin B1-associated Cdk1. Addition of cyclin B1 to fast cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an ∼60-s delay between completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset; this delay, which is important for segregation fidelity, is dependent on inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator Cdc20. Thus, cyclin B3 dominance, coupled to a cyclin B1-dependent delay that acts via Cdc20 phosphorylation, sets the rapid pace and ensures mitotic fidelity in the early C. elegans embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Smriti Variyar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shabnam Moghareh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anh Cao Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amrutha Kizhedathu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Aleesa Schlientz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Neha Varshney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Bellaart
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cirillo L, Young R, Veerapathiran S, Roberti A, Martin M, Abubacar A, Perosa C, Coates C, Muhammad R, Roumeliotis TI, Choudhary JS, Alfieri C, Pines J. Spatial control of the APC/C ensures the rapid degradation of cyclin B1. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00194-2. [PMID: 39143240 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The proper control of mitosis depends on the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the right mitotic regulator at the right time. This is effected by the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase that is regulated by the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The SAC prevents the APC/C from recognising Cyclin B1, the essential anaphase and cytokinesis inhibitor, until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. Once chromosomes are attached, Cyclin B1 is rapidly degraded to enable chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. We have a good understanding of how the SAC inhibits the APC/C, but relatively little is known about how the APC/C recognises Cyclin B1 as soon as the SAC is turned off. Here, by combining live-cell imaging, in vitro reconstitution biochemistry, and structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy, we provide evidence that the rapid recognition of Cyclin B1 in metaphase requires spatial regulation of the APC/C. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, we find that Cyclin B1 and the APC/C primarily interact at the mitotic apparatus. We show that this is because Cyclin B1, like the APC/C, binds to nucleosomes, and identify an 'arginine-anchor' in the N-terminus as necessary and sufficient for binding to the nucleosome. Mutating the arginine anchor on Cyclin B1 reduces its interaction with the APC/C and delays its degradation: cells with the mutant, non-nucleosome-binding Cyclin B1 become aneuploid, demonstrating the physiological relevance of our findings. Together, our data demonstrate that mitotic chromosomes promote the efficient interaction between Cyclin B1 and the APC/C to ensure the timely degradation of Cyclin B1 and genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cirillo
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rose Young
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Annalisa Roberti
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Molly Martin
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Azzah Abubacar
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Camilla Perosa
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Catherine Coates
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Reyhan Muhammad
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Jonathon Pines
- The Institute of Cancer Research Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin-Blazquez A, Martin-Lorenzo M, Santiago-Hernandez A, Heredero A, Donado A, Lopez JA, Anfaiha-Sanchez M, Ruiz-Jimenez R, Esteban V, Vazquez J, Aldamiz-Echevarria G, Alvarez-Llamas G. Analysis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Reveals DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest as Hallmarks in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3012-3024. [PMID: 38594816 PMCID: PMC11301675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is mainly sporadic and with higher incidence in the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) for unknown reasons. The lack of drug therapy to delay TAA progression lies in the limited knowledge of pathophysiology. We aimed to identify the molecular hallmarks that differentiate the aortic dilatation associated with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from sporadic TAA patients with BAV or TAV were analyzed by mass spectrometry. DNA oxidative damage assay and cell cycle profiling were performed in three independent cohorts supporting proteomics data. The alteration of secreted proteins was confirmed in plasma. Stress phenotype, oxidative stress, and enhanced DNA damage response (increased S-phase arrest and apoptosis) were found in BAV-TAA patients. The increased levels of plasma C1QTNF5, LAMA2, THSB3, and FAP confirm the enhanced stress in BAV-TAA. Plasma FAP and BGN point to an increased inflammatory condition in TAV. The arterial wall of BAV patients shows a limited capacity to counteract drivers of sporadic TAA. The molecular pathways identified support the need of differential molecular diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for BAV and TAV patients, showing specific markers in plasma which may serve to monitor therapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Martin-Blazquez
- Immunology
Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez
Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Immunology
Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez
Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angeles Heredero
- Cardiac
Surgery Service, Fundación Jiménez
Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Donado
- Cardiac
Surgery Service, Fundación Jiménez
Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Lopez
- Laboratory
of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional
de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER
de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Anfaiha-Sanchez
- Immunology
Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez
Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Ruiz-Jimenez
- Immunology
Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez
Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department
of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación
Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz
Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty
of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El
Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Vazquez
- Laboratory
of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional
de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER
de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- Immunology
Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez
Díaz, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense
University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Darling S, Fujimitsu K, Chia KH, Zou J, Rappsilber J, Yamano H. The C-terminal disordered loop domain of Apc8 unlocks APC/C mitotic activation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114262. [PMID: 38776225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a critical and tightly regulated E3 ligase that orchestrates the cellular life cycle by controlling the degradation of cell cycle regulators. An intriguing feature of this complex is an autoinhibition mechanism: an intrinsically disordered loop domain, Apc1-300L, blocks Cdc20 coactivator binding, yet phosphorylation of Apc1-300L counteracts this autoinhibition. Many such disordered loops within APC/C remain unexplored. Our systematic analysis of loop-deficient APC/C mutants uncovered a pivotal role for Apc8's C-terminal loop (Apc8-L) in mitotic activation. Apc8-L directly recruits the CDK adaptor protein, Xe-p9/Cks2, positioning the Xe-p9-CDK-CycB complex near Apc1-300L. This stimulates the phosphorylation and removal of Apc1-300L, prompting the formation of active APC/CCdc20. Strikingly, without both Apc8-L and Apc3-L, the APC/C is rendered inactive during mitosis, highlighting Apc8-L's synergistic role with other loops and kinases. This study broadens our understanding of the intricate dynamics in APC/C regulation and provides insights on the regulation of macromolecular complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Darling
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kazuyuki Fujimitsu
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Kim Hou Chia
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Juan Zou
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Yamano
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pathania AS, Chava H, Balusu R, Pasupulati AK, Coulter DW, Challagundla KB. The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and cell-cycle events: A new frontier in cancer therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200785. [PMID: 38595981 PMCID: PMC10973673 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle comprises sequential events during which a cell duplicates its genome and divides it into two daughter cells. This process is tightly regulated to ensure that the daughter cell receives identical copied chromosomal DNA and that any errors in the DNA during replication are correctly repaired. Cyclins and their enzyme partners, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are critical regulators of G- to M-phase transitions during the cell cycle. Mitogenic signals induce the formation of the cyclin/CDK complexes, resulting in phosphorylation and activation of the CDKs. Once activated, cyclin/CDK complexes phosphorylate specific substrates that drive the cell cycle forward. The sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-CDK complexes are tightly controlled by activating and inactivating phosphorylation events induced by cell-cycle proteins. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not code for proteins, regulate cell-cycle proteins at the transcriptional and translational levels, thereby controlling their expression at different cell-cycle phases. Deregulation of ncRNAs can cause abnormal expression patterns of cell-cycle-regulating proteins, resulting in abnormalities in cell-cycle regulation and cancer development. This review explores how ncRNA dysregulation can disrupt cell division balance and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting these ncRNAs to control cell-cycle events in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haritha Chava
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil K. Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishore B. Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- The Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trainito A, Gugliandolo A, Chiricosta L, Salamone S, Pollastro F, Mazzon E, Lui M. Cannabinol Regulates the Expression of Cell Cycle-Associated Genes in Motor Neuron-like NSC-34: A Transcriptomic Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1340. [PMID: 38927547 PMCID: PMC11201772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are reported to have neuroprotective properties and play a role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in in vitro and in vivo models. Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid produced by the degradation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. and exhibits anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we explored the biological effects of 20 µM CBN (6.20 µg/mL) on differentiated NSC-34 cells by MTT assay and next-generation sequencing analysis on the transcriptome. KEGG and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses have been performed to evaluate potential CBN-associated processes. Our results highlighted the absence of any cytotoxic effect of CBN. The comparative transcriptomic analysis pointed out the downregulation of Cdkn2a, Cdkn2c and Cdkn2d genes, which are known to suppress the cell cycle. Ccne2, Cdk2, Cdk7, Anapc11, Anapc10, Cdc23, Cdc16, Anapc4, Cdc27, Stag1, Smc3, Smc1a, Nipbl, Pds5a, Pds5b, and Wapl genes, renowned for their role as cell cycle progression activators, were instead upregulated. Our work suggests that CBN regulates the expression of many genes related to the cell cycle, which are required for axonal maturation, migration, and synaptic plasticity, while not affecting the expression of genes involved in cell death or tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Trainito
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Lui
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ballmer D, Carter W, van Hooff JJE, Tromer EC, Ishii M, Ludzia P, Akiyoshi B. Kinetoplastid kinetochore proteins KKT14-KKT15 are divergent Bub1/BubR1-Bub3 proteins. Open Biol 2024; 14:240025. [PMID: 38862021 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Faithful transmission of genetic material is crucial for the survival of all organisms. In many eukaryotes, a feedback control mechanism called the spindle checkpoint ensures chromosome segregation fidelity by delaying cell cycle progression until all chromosomes achieve proper attachment to the mitotic spindle. Kinetochores are the macromolecular complexes that act as the interface between chromosomes and spindle microtubules. While most eukaryotes have canonical kinetochore proteins that are widely conserved, kinetoplastids such as Trypanosoma brucei have a seemingly unique set of kinetochore proteins including KKT1-25. It remains poorly understood how kinetoplastids regulate cell cycle progression or ensure chromosome segregation fidelity. Here, we report a crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of KKT14 from Apiculatamorpha spiralis and uncover that it is a pseudokinase. Its structure is most similar to the kinase domain of a spindle checkpoint protein Bub1. In addition, KKT14 has a putative ABBA motif that is present in Bub1 and its paralogue BubR1. We also find that the N-terminal part of KKT14 interacts with KKT15, whose WD40 repeat beta-propeller is phylogenetically closely related to a direct interactor of Bub1/BubR1 called Bub3. Our findings indicate that KKT14-KKT15 are divergent orthologues of Bub1/BubR1-Bub3, which promote accurate chromosome segregation in trypanosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - William Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jolien J E van Hooff
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research , 6708 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco C Tromer
- Cell Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen , 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Patryk Ludzia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bungo Akiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gottemukkala KV, Chrustowicz J, Sherpa D, Sepic S, Vu DT, Karayel Ö, Papadopoulou EC, Gross A, Schorpp K, von Gronau S, Hadian K, Murray PJ, Mann M, Schulman BA, Alpi AF. Non-canonical substrate recognition by the human WDR26-CTLH E3 ligase regulates prodrug metabolism. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1948-1963.e11. [PMID: 38759627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The yeast glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) E3 ubiquitin ligase forms a suite of complexes with interchangeable receptors that selectively recruit N-terminal degron motifs of metabolic enzyme substrates. The orthologous higher eukaryotic C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 complex has been proposed to also recognize substrates through an alternative subunit, WDR26, which promotes the formation of supramolecular CTLH E3 assemblies. Here, we discover that human WDR26 binds the metabolic enzyme nicotinamide/nicotinic-acid-mononucleotide-adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1) and mediates its CTLH E3-dependent ubiquitylation independently of canonical GID/CTLH E3-family substrate receptors. The CTLH subunit YPEL5 inhibits NMNAT1 ubiquitylation and cellular turnover by WDR26-CTLH E3, thereby affecting NMNAT1-mediated metabolic activation and cytotoxicity of the prodrug tiazofurin. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of NMNAT1- and YPEL5-bound WDR26-CTLH E3 complexes reveal an internal basic degron motif of NMNAT1 essential for targeting by WDR26-CTLH E3 and degron mimicry by YPEL5's N terminus antagonizing substrate binding. Thus, our data provide a mechanistic understanding of how YPEL5-WDR26-CTLH E3 acts as a modulator of NMNAT1-dependent metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik V Gottemukkala
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Jakub Chrustowicz
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Dawafuti Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry,Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry,Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Eleftheria C Papadopoulou
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Annette Gross
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Immunoregulation, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Research Unit-Signaling and Translation, Cell Signaling and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gronau
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Research Unit-Signaling and Translation, Cell Signaling and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Immunoregulation, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry,Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Arno F Alpi
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bose GS, Kalakoti G, Kulkarni AP, Mittal S. AP-1/C-FOS and AP-1/FRA2 differentially regulate early and late adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38440920 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue in the body and is a major global health problem due to increased morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue is made up of adipocytes, which are fat-storing cells, and the differentiation of these fat cells is known as adipogenesis. Several transcription factors (TFs) such as CEBPβ, CEBPα, PPARγ, GATA, and KLF have been reported to play a key role in adipogenesis. In this study, we report one more TF AP-1, which is found to be involved in adipogenesis. Human mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into adipocytes, and the expression pattern of different subunits of AP-1 was examined during adipogenesis. It was observed that C-FOS was predominantly expressed at an early stage (Day 2), whereas FRA2 expression peaked at later stages (Days 6 and 8) of adipogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed that C-FOS binds mainly to the promoters of WNT1, miR-30a, and ANAPC7 and regulates their expression during mitotic clonal expansion. In contrast, FRA2 binds to the promoters of CIDEA, NOTCH1, ARAF, and MYLK, regulating their expression and lipid metabolism. Data obtained clearly indicate that the differential expression of C-FOS and FRA2 is crucial for different stages of adipogenesis. This also raises the possibility of considering AP-1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Suraj Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Garima Kalakoti
- Bioinformatics Center, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Smriti Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ng HY, Adly AN, Whelpley DH, Suhandynata RT, Zhou H, Morgan DO. Phosphate-binding pocket on cyclin B governs CDK substrate phosphorylation and mitotic timing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582599. [PMID: 38464173 PMCID: PMC10925351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is governed by complexes of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory subunits cyclin and Cks1. CDKs phosphorylate hundreds of substrates, often at multiple sites. Multisite phosphorylation depends on Cks1, which binds initial priming phosphorylation sites to promote secondary phosphorylation at other sites. Here, we describe a similar role for a recently discovered phosphate-binding pocket (PP) on B-type cyclins. Mutation of the PP in Clb2, the major mitotic cyclin of budding yeast, alters bud morphology and delays the onset of anaphase. Using phosphoproteomics in vivo and kinase reactions in vitro, we find that mutation of the PP reduces phosphorylation of several CDK substrates, including the Bud6 subunit of the polarisome and the Cdc16 and Cdc27 subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. We conclude that the cyclin PP, like Cks1, controls the timing of multisite phosphorylation on CDK substrates, thereby helping to establish the robust timing of cell-cycle events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y. Ng
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Armin N. Adly
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Devon H. Whelpley
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Raymond T. Suhandynata
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - David O. Morgan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Young R, Garvanska DH, Song C, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Fang J, Nilsson J, Alfieri C, Zhang G. Functional analysis of Cdc20 reveals a critical role of CRY box in mitotic checkpoint signaling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:164. [PMID: 38337031 PMCID: PMC10858191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate mitosis is coordinated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) through the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). As an essential regulator, Cdc20 promotes mitotic exit through activating APC/C and monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment through activating SAC. Cdc20 requires multiple interactions with APC/C and MCC subunits to elicit these functions. Functionally assessing these interactions within cells requires efficient depletion of endogenous Cdc20, which is highly difficult to achieve by RNA interference (RNAi). Here we generated Cdc20 RNAi-sensitive cell lines which display a penetrant metaphase arrest by a single RNAi treatment. In this null background, we accurately measured the contribution of each known motif of Cdc20 on APC/C and SAC activation. The CRY box, a previously identified degron, was found critical for SAC by promoting MCC formation and its interaction with APC/C. These data reveal additional regulation within the SAC and establish a novel method to interrogate Cdc20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rose Young
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Chunlin Song
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudio Alfieri
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ballmer D, Lou HJ, Ishii M, Turk BE, Akiyoshi B. An unconventional regulatory circuitry involving Aurora B controls anaphase onset and error-free chromosome segregation in trypanosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576407. [PMID: 38293145 PMCID: PMC10827227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis requires that all chromosomes establish stable bi-oriented attachments with the spindle apparatus. Kinetochores form the interface between chromosomes and spindle microtubules and as such are under tight control by complex regulatory circuitry. As part of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), the Aurora B kinase plays a central role within this circuitry by destabilizing improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments and relaying the attachment status to the spindle assembly checkpoint, a feedback control system that delays the onset of anaphase by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Intriguingly, Aurora B is conserved even in kinetoplastids, an evolutionarily divergent group of eukaryotes, whose kinetochores are composed of a unique set of structural and regulatory proteins. Kinetoplastids do not have a canonical spindle checkpoint and it remains unclear how their kinetochores are regulated to ensure the fidelity and timing of chromosome segregation. Here, we show in Trypanosoma brucei, the kinetoplastid parasite that causes African sleeping sickness, that inhibition of Aurora B using an analogue-sensitive approach arrests cells in metaphase, with a reduction in properly bi-oriented kinetochores. Aurora B phosphorylates several kinetochore proteins in vitro, including the N-terminal region of the divergent Bub1-like protein KKT14. Depletion of KKT14 partially overrides the cell cycle arrest caused by Aurora B inhibition, while overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable KKT14 protein results in a prominent delay in the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Finally, we demonstrate using a nanobody-based system that re-targeting the catalytic module of the CPC to the outer kinetochore is sufficient to promote mitotic exit but causes massive chromosome mis-segregation in anaphase. Our results indicate that the CPC and KKT14 are involved in an unconventional pathway controlling mitotic exit and error-free chromosome segregation in trypanosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bungo Akiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chrustowicz J, Sherpa D, Li J, Langlois CR, Papadopoulou EC, Vu DT, Hehl LA, Karayel Ö, Beier V, von Gronau S, Müller J, Prabu JR, Mann M, Kleiger G, Alpi AF, Schulman BA. Multisite phosphorylation dictates selective E2-E3 pairing as revealed by Ubc8/UBE2H-GID/CTLH assemblies. Mol Cell 2024; 84:293-308.e14. [PMID: 38113892 PMCID: PMC10843684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is catalyzed by coordinated actions of E3 and E2 enzymes. Molecular principles governing many important E3-E2 partnerships remain unknown, including those for RING-family GID/CTLH E3 ubiquitin ligases and their dedicated E2, Ubc8/UBE2H (yeast/human nomenclature). GID/CTLH-Ubc8/UBE2H-mediated ubiquitylation regulates biological processes ranging from yeast metabolic signaling to human development. Here, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), biochemistry, and cell biology reveal this exquisitely specific E3-E2 pairing through an unconventional catalytic assembly and auxiliary interactions 70-100 Å away, mediated by E2 multisite phosphorylation. Rather than dynamic polyelectrostatic interactions reported for other ubiquitylation complexes, multiple Ubc8/UBE2H phosphorylation sites within acidic CK2-targeted sequences specifically anchor the E2 C termini to E3 basic patches. Positions of phospho-dependent interactions relative to the catalytic domains correlate across evolution. Overall, our data show that phosphorylation-dependent multivalency establishes a specific E3-E2 partnership, is antagonistic with dephosphorylation, rigidifies the catalytic centers within a flexing GID E3-substrate assembly, and facilitates substrate collision with ubiquitylation active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chrustowicz
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Dawafuti Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jerry Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Christine R Langlois
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Eleftheria C Papadopoulou
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - D Tung Vu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Laura A Hehl
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Viola Beier
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gronau
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Judith Müller
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - J Rajan Prabu
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Gary Kleiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Arno F Alpi
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Munich 85748, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sorensen Turpin CG, Sloan D, LaForest M, Klebanow LU, Mitchell D, Severson AF, Bembenek JN. Securin Regulates the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Separase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571338. [PMID: 38168402 PMCID: PMC10760073 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Separase is a key regulator of the metaphase to anaphase transition with multiple functions. Separase cleaves cohesin to allow chromosome segregation and localizes to vesicles to promote exocytosis in mid-anaphase. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activates separase by ubiquitinating its inhibitory chaperone, securin, triggering its degradation. How this pathway controls the exocytic function of separase has not been investigated. During meiosis I, securin is degraded over several minutes, while separase rapidly relocalizes from kinetochore structures at the spindle and cortex to sites of action on chromosomes and vesicles at anaphase onset. The loss of cohesin coincides with the relocalization of separase to the chromosome midbivalent at anaphase onset. APC/C depletion prevents separase relocalization, while securin depletion causes precocious separase relocalization. Expression of non-degradable securin inhibits chromosome segregation, exocytosis, and separase localization to vesicles but not to the anaphase spindle. We conclude that APC/C mediated securin degradation controls separase localization. This spatiotemporal regulation will impact the effective local concentration of separase for more precise targeting of substrates in anaphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Sorensen Turpin
- Current Address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dillon Sloan
- Current Address: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marian LaForest
- Current Address: Columbia University, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYC, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Diana Mitchell
- Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Aaron F. Severson
- Current Address: Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Bembenek
- Current Address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu L, Kong N, Lin Y, Qiu P, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhen X, Yan G, Sun H, Mei J, Cao G. NUSAP1 regulates mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1931-1947. [PMID: 37992207 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The correct assembly of the spindle apparatus directly regulates the precise separation of chromosomes in mouse oocytes, which is crucial for obtaining high-quality oocytes capable of successful fertilization. The localization, assembly, migration, and disassembly of the spindle are regulated by a series of spindle-associated proteins, which exhibit unique expression level variations and specific localization in oocytes. Proteomic analysis revealed that among many representative spindle-associated proteins, the expression level of nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) significantly increased after meiotic resumption, with a magnitude of change higher than that of other proteins. However, the role of NUSAP1 during oocyte meiosis maturation has not been reported. Here, we report that NUSAP1 is distributed within the cell nucleus during the germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes with non-surrounded nucleolus stage and is not enriched in the nucleus during the GV-surrounded nucleolus stage. Interestingly, NUSAP1 forms distinct granular aggregates near the spindle poles during the prophase of the first meiotic division (Pro-MI), metaphase I, and anaphase I/telophase I stages. Nusap1 depletion leads to chromosome misalignment, increased aneuploidy, and abnormal spindle assembly, particularly a decrease in spindle pole width. Correspondingly, RNA-seq analysis revealed significant suppression of the "establishment of spindle orientation" signaling pathway. Additionally, the attenuation of F-actin in NUSAP1-deficient oocytes may affect the asymmetric division process. Gene ontology analysis of NUSAP1 interactomes, identified through mass spectrometry here, revealed significant enrichment for RNA binding. As an RNA-binding protein, NUSAP1 is likely involved in the regulation of messenger RNA homeostasis by influencing the dynamics of processing (P)-body components. Overall, our results demonstrate the critical importance of precise regulation of NUSAP1 expression levels and protein localization for maintaining mouse oocyte meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Panpan Qiu
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhen
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malavašič P, Polajžer S, Lovšin N. Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 1 Associates with Bone Mineral Density in Human Osteoporotic Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12895. [PMID: 37629076 PMCID: PMC10454667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are one of the most common approaches to identify genetic loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Such novel genetic loci represent new potential targets for the prevention and treatment of fragility fractures. GWAS have identified hundreds of associations with BMD; however, only a few have been functionally evaluated. A locus significantly associated with femoral neck BMD at the genome-wide level is intronic SNP rs17040773 located in the intronic region of the anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 (ANAPC1) gene (p = 1.5 × 10-9). Here, we functionally evaluate the role of ANAPC1 in bone remodelling by examining the expression of ANAPC1 in human bone and muscle tissues and during the osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The expression of ANAPC1 was significantly decreased 2.3-fold in bone tissues and 6.2-fold in muscle tissue from osteoporotic patients as compared to the osteoarthritic and control tissues. Next, we show that the expression of ANAPC1 changes during the osteogenic differentiation process of human MSCs. Moreover, the silencing of ANAPC1 in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells reduced RUNX2 expression, suggesting that ANAPC1 affects osteogenic differentiation through RUNX2. Altogether, our results indicate that ANAPC1 plays a role in bone physiology and in the development of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Malavašič
- General Hospital Novo Mesto, Šmihelska Cesta 1, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia;
| | - Sara Polajžer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lara-Gonzalez P, Variyar S, Budrewicz J, Schlientz A, Varshney N, Bellaart A, Moghareh S, Nguyen ACN, Oegema K, Desai A. Cyclin B3 is a dominant fast-acting cyclin that drives rapid early embryonic mitoses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.553011. [PMID: 37609212 PMCID: PMC10441424 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In many species, early embryonic mitoses proceed at a very rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here we show that in the early C. elegans embryo, cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses. Metazoans typically have three cyclin B isoforms that associate with and activate Cdk1 kinase to orchestrate mitotic events: the related cyclins B1 and B2 and the more divergent cyclin B3. We show that whereas embryos expressing cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to Anaphase ~ 600s), the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the ~3-fold faster mitosis observed in wildtype embryos. CYB-1/2-driven mitosis is longer than CYB-3-driven mitosis primarily because the progression of mitotic events itself is slower, rather than delayed anaphase onset due to activation of the spindle checkpoint or inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator CDC-20. Addition of cyclin B1 to cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an ~60s delay between the completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset, which likely ensures segregation fidelity; this delay is mediated by inhibitory phosphorylation on CDC-20. Thus, the dominance of cyclin B3 in driving mitotic events, coupled to introduction of a short cyclin B1-dependent delay in anaphase onset, sets the rapid pace and ensures fidelity of mitoses in the early C. elegans embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Smriti Variyar
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Jacqueline Budrewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla CA 92093
- Current address: Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), OR 97239
- Current address: Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Aleesa Schlientz
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Neha Varshney
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Andrew Bellaart
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Shabnam Moghareh
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Anh Cao Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Karen Oegema
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla CA 92093
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla CA 92093
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Houston J, Ohta M, Gómez-Cavazos JS, Deep A, Corbett KD, Oegema K, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. BUB-1-bound PLK-1 directs CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment to ensure timely embryonic mitoses. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2291-2299.e10. [PMID: 37137308 PMCID: PMC10270731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosomes assemble kinetochores to dynamically couple with spindle microtubules.1,2 Kinetochores also function as signaling hubs directing mitotic progression by recruiting and controlling the fate of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator CDC-20.3,4,5 Kinetochores either incorporate CDC-20 into checkpoint complexes that inhibit the APC/C or dephosphorylate CDC-20, which allows it to interact with and activate the APC/C.4,6 The importance of these two CDC-20 fates likely depends on the biological context. In human somatic cells, the major mechanism controlling mitotic progression is the spindle checkpoint. By contrast, progression through mitosis during the cell cycles of early embryos is largely checkpoint independent.7,8,9,10 Here, we first show that CDC-20 phosphoregulation controls mitotic duration in the C. elegans embryo and defines a checkpoint-independent temporal mitotic optimum for robust embryogenesis. CDC-20 phosphoregulation occurs at kinetochores and in the cytosol. At kinetochores, the flux of CDC-20 for local dephosphorylation requires an ABBA motif on BUB-1 that directly interfaces with the structured WD40 domain of CDC-20.6,11,12,13 We next show that a conserved "STP" motif in BUB-1 that docks the mitotic kinase PLK-114 is necessary for CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment and timely mitotic progression. The kinase activity of PLK-1 is required for CDC-20 to localize to kinetochores and phosphorylates the CDC-20-binding ABBA motif of BUB-1 to promote BUB-1-CDC-20 interaction and mitotic progression. Thus, the BUB-1-bound pool of PLK-1 ensures timely mitosis during embryonic cell cycles by promoting CDC-20 recruitment to the vicinity of kinetochore-localized phosphatase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Midori Ohta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Sebastián Gómez-Cavazos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ide AH, DeLuca KF, Wiggan O, Markus SM, DeLuca JG. The role of kinetochore dynein in checkpoint silencing is restricted to disassembly of the corona. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar76. [PMID: 37126397 PMCID: PMC10295480 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule attachments are monitored by a molecular surveillance system known as the spindle assembly checkpoint. The prevailing model posits that dynein evicts checkpoint proteins (e.g., Mad1, Mad2) from stably attached kinetochores by transporting them away from kinetochores, thus contributing to checkpoint silencing. However, the mechanism by which dynein performs this function, and its precise role in checkpoint silencing remain unresolved. Here, we find that dynein's role in checkpoint silencing is restricted to evicting checkpoint effectors from the fibrous corona, and not the outer kinetochore. Dynein evicts these molecules from the corona in a manner that does not require stable, end-on microtubule attachments. Thus, by disassembling the corona through indiscriminate microtubule encounters, dynein primes the checkpoint signaling apparatus so it can respond to stable end-on microtubule attachments and permit cells to progress through mitosis. Accordingly, we find that dynein function in checkpoint silencing becomes largely dispensable in cells in which checkpoint effectors are excluded from the corona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Ide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Keith F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Steven M. Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Jennifer G. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu Y, Huang H, Tong Q, Cao M, Ming W, Zhang R, Zhu W, Wang Y, Sun X. Multi-View Radiomics Feature Fusion Reveals Distinct Immuno-Oncological Characteristics and Clinical Prognoses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082338. [PMID: 37190266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, and the pronounced intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity restricts clinical benefits. Dissecting molecular heterogeneity in HCC is commonly explored by endoscopic biopsy or surgical forceps, but invasive tissue sampling and possible complications limit the broadeer adoption. The radiomics framework is a promising non-invasive strategy for tumor heterogeneity decoding, and the linkage between radiomics and immuno-oncological characteristics is worth further in-depth study. In this study, we extracted multi-view imaging features from contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) scans of HCC patients, followed by developing a fused imaging feature subtyping (FIFS) model to identify two distinct radiomics subtypes. We observed two subtypes of patients with distinct texture-dominated radiomics profiles and prognostic outcomes, and the radiomics subtype identified by FIFS model was an independent prognostic factor. The heterogeneity was mainly attributed to inflammatory pathway activity and the tumor immune microenvironment. The predominant radiogenomics association was identified between texture-related features and immune-related pathways by integrating network analysis, and was validated in two independent cohorts. Collectively, this work described the close connections between multi-view radiomics features and immuno-oncological characteristics in HCC, and our integrative radiogenomics analysis strategy may provide clues to non-invasive inflammation-based risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenlong Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ostalé CM, Vega-Cuesta P, González T, López-Varea A, de Celis JF. RNAi screen in the Drosophila wing of genes encoding proteins related to cytoskeleton organization and cell division. Dev Biol 2023; 498:61-76. [PMID: 37015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division and cytoskeleton organization are fundamental processes participating in the development of Drosophila imaginal discs. In this manuscript we describe the phenotypes in the adult fly wing generated by knockdowns of 85% of Drosophila genes encoding proteins likely related to the regulation of cell division and cytoskeleton organization. We also compile a molecular classification of these proteins into classes that describe their expected or known main biochemical characteristics, as well as mRNA expression in the wing disc and likely protein subcellular localization for a subset of these genes. Finally, we analyze in more detail one protein family of cytoskeleton genes (Arp2/3 complex), and define the consequences of interfering with cell division for wing growth and patterning.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tulin F. Keeping quiet: cell cycle regulator PIKMIN1 helps maintain the quiescent center. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1468-1469. [PMID: 36560888 PMCID: PMC10022629 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frej Tulin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jaiswal N, Nandi D, Cheema PS, Nag A. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome co-activator, Cdh1, is a novel target of human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein in cervical oncogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:988-1001. [PMID: 35738876 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming properties of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein are indispensable for driving the virus life cycle and pathogenesis. Besides inactivation of the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors as part of its oncogenic endeavors, E7-mediated perturbations of eminent cell cycle regulators, checkpoint proteins and proto-oncogenes are considered to be the tricks of its transformative traits. However, many such critical interactions are still unknown. In the present study, we have identified the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC) co-activator, Cdh1, as a novel interacting partner and a degradation target of E7. We found that HPV16 E7-induced inactivation of Cdh1 promoted abnormal accumulation of multiple Cdh1 substrates. Such a mode of deregulation possibly contributes to HPV-mediated cervical oncogenesis. Our mapping studies recognized the C-terminal zinc-finger motif of E7 to associate with Cdh1 and interfere with the timely degradation of FoxM1, a bona fide Cdh1 substrate and a potent oncogene. Importantly, the E7 mutant with impaired interaction with Cdh1 exhibited defects in its ability for overriding typical cell cycle transition and oncogenic transformation, thereby validating the functional and pathological significance of the E7-Cdh1 axis during cervical carcinoma progression. Altogether, the findings from our study discover a unique nexus between E7 and APC/C-Cdh1, thereby adding to our understanding of the mechanism of E7-induced carcinogenesis and provide a promising target for the management of cervical carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wassmann K. Separase Control and Cohesin Cleavage in Oocytes: Should I Stay or Should I Go? Cells 2022; 11:3399. [PMID: 36359795 PMCID: PMC9656630 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The key to gametogenesis is the proper execution of a specialized form of cell division named meiosis. Prior to the meiotic divisions, the recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomes creates new genetic combinations necessary for fitness and adaptation to an ever-changing environment. Two rounds of chromosome segregation -meiosis I and II- have to take place without intermediate S-phase and lead to the creation of haploid gametes harboring only half of the genetic material. Importantly, the segregation patterns of the two divisions are fundamentally different and require adaptation of the mitotic cell cycle machinery to the specificities of meiosis. Separase, the enzyme that cleaves Rec8, a subunit of the cohesin complex constituting the physical connection between sister chromatids, has to be activated twice: once in meiosis I and immediately afterwards, in meiosis II. Rec8 is cleaved on chromosome arms in meiosis I and in the centromere region in meiosis II. This step-wise cohesin removal is essential to generate gametes of the correct ploidy and thus, embryo viability. Hence, separase control and Rec8 cleavage must be perfectly controlled in time and space. Focusing on mammalian oocytes, this review lays out what we know and what we still ignore about this fascinating mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wassmann
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
de Oliveira PN, da Silva LFC, Eloy NB. The role of APC/C in cell cycle dynamics, growth and development in cereal crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987919. [PMID: 36247602 PMCID: PMC9558237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops can be considered the basis of human civilization. Thus, it is not surprising that these crops are grown in larger quantities worldwide than any other food supply and provide more energy to humankind than any other provision. Additionally, attempts to harness biomass consumption continue to increase to meet human energy needs. The high pressures for energy will determine the demand for crop plants as resources for biofuel, heat, and electricity. Thus, the search for plant traits associated with genetic increases in yield is mandatory. In multicellular organisms, including plants, growth and development are driven by cell division. These processes require a sequence of intricated events that are carried out by various protein complexes and molecules that act punctually throughout the cycle. Temporal controlled degradation of key cell division proteins ensures a correct onset of the different cell cycle phases and exit from the cell division program. Considering the cell cycle, the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an important conserved multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, marking targets for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Studies on plant APC/C subunits and activators, mainly in the model plant Arabidopsis, revealed that they play a pivotal role in several developmental processes during growth. However, little is known about the role of APC/C in cereal crops. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the APC/C controlling cereal crop development.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cao X, Shami Shah A, Sanford EJ, Smolka MB, Baskin JM. Proximity Labeling Reveals Spatial Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome by a Microtubule Adaptor. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2605-2618. [PMID: 35952650 PMCID: PMC9933862 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) coordinates advancement through mitosis via temporally controlled polyubiquitination events. Despite the long-appreciated spatial organization of key events in mitosis mediated largely by cytoskeletal networks, the spatial regulation of APC/C, the major mitotic E3 ligase, is poorly understood. We describe a microtubule-resident protein, PLEKHA5, as an interactor of APC/C and spatial regulator of its activity in mitosis. Microtubule-localized proximity biotinylation tools revealed that PLEKHA5 depletion decreased APC/C association with the microtubule cytoskeleton, which prevented efficient loading of APC/C with its coactivator CDC20 and led to reduced APC/C E3 ligase activity. PLEKHA5 knockdown delayed mitotic progression, causing accumulation of APC/C substrates dependent upon the PLEKHA5-APC/C interaction in microtubules. We propose that PLEKHA5 functions as an adaptor of APC/C that promotes its subcellular localization to microtubules and facilitates its activation by CDC20, thus ensuring the timely turnover of key mitotic APC/C substrates and proper progression through mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Adnan Shami Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ethan J Sanford
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bai S, Sun L, Wang X, Wang SM, Luo ZQ, Wang Y, Jin QW. Recovery from spindle checkpoint-mediated arrest requires a novel Dnt1-dependent APC/C activation mechanism. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010397. [PMID: 36108046 PMCID: PMC9514617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) potently inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) to ensure accurate chromosome segregation at anaphase. Early studies have recognized that the SAC should be silenced within minutes to enable rapid APC/C activation and synchronous segregation of chromosomes once all kinetochores are properly attached, but the underlying silencers are still being elucidated. Here, we report that the timely silencing of SAC in fission yeast requires dnt1+, which causes severe thiabendazole (TBZ) sensitivity and increased rate of lagging chromosomes when deleted. The absence of Dnt1 results in prolonged inhibitory binding of mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) to APC/C and attenuated protein levels of Slp1Cdc20, consequently slows the degradation of cyclin B and securin, and eventually delays anaphase entry in cells released from SAC activation. Interestingly, Dnt1 physically associates with APC/C upon SAC activation. We propose that this association may fend off excessive and prolonged MCC binding to APC/C and help to maintain Slp1Cdc20 stability. This may allow a subset of APC/C to retain activity, which ensures rapid anaphase onset and mitotic exit once SAC is inactivated. Therefore, our study uncovered a new player in dictating the timing and efficacy of APC/C activation, which is actively required for maintaining cell viability upon recovery from the inhibition of APC/C by spindle checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuang-min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou-qing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (YW); (QJ)
| | - Yamei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (YW); (QJ)
| | - Quan-wen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (YW); (QJ)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin YM, Wu CH, Chu PH, Ouyang P. Cell cycle expression of FLJ25439, a cytokinesis-associated protein, is mediated by D-box recognition and APC/C-Cdc20 regulated degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:151-157. [PMID: 36155061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The midbody is a transient structure forming out of the central spindle at late telophase. Both the midbody and central spindle have important functions ensuring completion of cytokinesis and defects in this process may lead to genetic diseases, including cancer. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that control cytokinesis during mitosis can reveal the key components taking part in some of the processes that promote accurate cell division. Our previous study showed that overexpression of FLJ25439 causes cytokinesis defect with midbody arrest and induces tetraploids with prolonged cell growth/cell cycle progression (Pan et al., 2015). Here, we extend our investigation with regard to the expression profile/regulation and cellular localization/function of FLJ25439 during mitosis/cytokinesis. Using a monoclonal antibody 2A4 we found that FLJ25439 expression is cell cycle-dependent and subjected to APC/C complex regulation. Furthermore, it is a novel substrate for the APC/C-Cdc20 complex and its degradation is proteasome-dependent through D-box recognition during mitotic exit. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed it is distributed at the central spindle and midbody, two structures considered important for completion of cell division, in telophase and cytokinesis, respectively, during cell cycle progression. Depletion of FLJ25439 expression revealed defects in chromosome alignment/segregation and delayed mitosis/cytokinesis progression. We thus conclude that FLJ25439 is a hitherto undiscovered factor involved in cytokinesis regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ming Lin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Han Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Blaine HC, Burke JT, Ravi J, Stallings CL. DciA Helicase Operators Exhibit Diversity across Bacterial Phyla. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0016322. [PMID: 35880876 PMCID: PMC9380583 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental requirement for life is the replication of an organism's DNA. Studies in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have set the paradigm for DNA replication in bacteria. During replication initiation in E. coli and B. subtilis, the replicative helicase is loaded onto the DNA at the origin of replication by an ATPase helicase loader. However, most bacteria do not encode homologs to the helicase loaders in E. coli and B. subtilis. Recent work has identified the DciA protein as a predicted helicase operator that may perform a function analogous to the helicase loaders in E. coli and B. subtilis. DciA proteins, which are defined by the presence of a DUF721 domain (termed the DciA domain herein), are conserved in most bacteria but have only been studied in mycobacteria and gammaproteobacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae). Sequences outside the DciA domain in Mycobacterium tuberculosis DciA are essential for protein function but are not conserved in the P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae homologs, raising questions regarding the conservation and evolution of DciA proteins across bacterial phyla. To comprehensively define the DciA protein family, we took a computational evolutionary approach and analyzed the domain architectures and sequence properties of DciA domain-containing proteins across the tree of life. These analyses identified lineage-specific domain architectures among DciA homologs, as well as broadly conserved sequence-structural motifs. The diversity of DciA proteins represents the evolution of helicase operation in bacterial DNA replication and highlights the need for phylum-specific analyses of this fundamental biological process. IMPORTANCE Despite the fundamental importance of DNA replication for life, this process remains understudied in bacteria outside Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In particular, most bacteria do not encode the helicase-loading proteins that are essential in E. coli and B. subtilis for DNA replication. Instead, most bacteria encode a DciA homolog that likely constitutes the predominant mechanism of helicase operation in bacteria. However, it is still unknown how DciA structure and function compare across diverse phyla that encode DciA proteins. In this study, we performed computational evolutionary analyses to uncover tremendous diversity among DciA homologs. These studies provide a significant advance in our understanding of an essential component of the bacterial DNA replication machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen C. Blaine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph T. Burke
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Genomics and Molecular Genetics Undergraduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Janani Ravi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xi X, Cao T, Qian Y, Wang H, Ju S, Chen Y, Chen T, Yang J, Liang B, Hou S. CDC20 is a novel biomarker for improved clinical predictions in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3303-3317. [PMID: 35968331 PMCID: PMC9360218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a common tumor of the female reproductive system, ranks first in fatalities among gynecological malignancies. Most patients find tumors at late stage and have extremely poor prognoses, which necessitates improvements in early detection. This study applied bioinformatic methods to identify potential biomarkers of EOC. First, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The network of hub genes was analyzed using GeneMANIA, and an analysis of biological processes was constructed with BINGO. Lastly, hub genes were analyzed for EOC-related oncology using the Oncomine and TCGA databases, and the cBioPortal online platform. Overall, cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) was identified as a key gene in EOC. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence CDC20 to explore its effects on EOC cell proliferation, apoptosis and SRY-related HMG-box 2 (SOX2) expression. DEGs were enriched in pathways related to cell cycle signaling, cancer, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, Wnt signaling and P53 signaling. Analysis revealed high expression of CDC20 in EOC tissues and a correlation with histology and tumor grade. CDC20 levels are highest in serous adenocarcinoma, when compared to ovarian clear cell carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. High CDC20 expression within the tumor is associated with poor EOC prognosis. After silencing CDC20, EOC cell proliferation and migration decreased, apoptosis increased, and SOX2 expression decreased. In conclusion, CDC20 is likely a key biomarker of EOC and may act as an upstream regulator of SOX2 to mediate the SOX2 signaling in the progression of EOC. Future application of CDC20 analysis to early detection may improve prognosis, and it has the potential to be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songwen Ju
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Medica University Affiliated Suzhou HospitalSuzhou 215128, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biaoquan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunyu Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Okoye CN, Rowling PJE, Itzhaki LS, Lindon C. Counting Degrons: Lessons From Multivalent Substrates for Targeted Protein Degradation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913063. [PMID: 35860655 PMCID: PMC9289945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E3s comprise a structurally diverse group of at least 800 members, most of which target multiple substrates through specific and regulated protein-protein interactions. These interactions typically rely on short linear motifs (SLiMs), called "degrons", in an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the substrate, with variable rules of engagement governing different E3-docking events. These rules of engagement are of importance to the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD), where substrate ubiquitination and destruction require tools to effectively harness ubiquitin ligases (E3s). Substrates are often found to contain multiple degrons, or multiple copies of a degron, contributing to the affinity and selectivity of the substrate for its E3. One important paradigm for E3-substrate docking is presented by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit E3 ligase that targets hundreds of proteins for destruction during mitotic exit. APC/C substrate targeting takes place in an ordered manner thought to depend on tightly regulated interactions of substrates, with docking sites provided by the substoichiometric APC/C substrate adaptors and coactivators, Cdc20 or Cdh1/FZR1. Both structural and functional studies of individual APC/C substrates indicate that productive ubiquitination usually requires more than one degron, and that degrons are of different types docking to distinct sites on the coactivators. However, the dynamic nature of APC/C substrate recruitment, and the influence of multiple degrons, remains poorly understood. Here we review the significance of multiple degrons in a number of E3-substrate interactions that have been studied in detail, illustrating distinct kinetic effects of multivalency and allovalency, before addressing the role of multiple degrons in APC/C substrates, key to understanding ordered substrate destruction by APC/C. Lastly, we consider how lessons learnt from these studies can be applied in the design of TPD tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiao S, Lee CW, Sherpa D, Chrustowicz J, Cheng J, Duennebacke M, Steigenberger B, Karayel O, Vu DT, von Gronau S, Mann M, Wilfling F, Schulman BA. Cryo-EM structures of Gid12-bound GID E3 reveal steric blockade as a mechanism inhibiting substrate ubiquitylation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3041. [PMID: 35650207 PMCID: PMC9160049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation, a major eukaryotic response to cellular signals, is subject to numerous layers of regulation. In yeast, the evolutionarily conserved GID E3 ligase mediates glucose-induced degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh2), and other gluconeogenic enzymes. "GID" is a collection of E3 ligase complexes; a core scaffold, RING-type catalytic core, and a supramolecular assembly module together with interchangeable substrate receptors select targets for ubiquitylation. However, knowledge of additional cellular factors directly regulating GID-type E3s remains rudimentary. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterize Gid12 as a modulator of the GID E3 ligase complex. Our collection of cryo-EM reconstructions shows that Gid12 forms an extensive interface sealing the substrate receptor Gid4 onto the scaffold, and remodeling the degron binding site. Gid12 also sterically blocks a recruited Fbp1 or Mdh2 from the ubiquitylation active sites. Our analysis of the role of Gid12 establishes principles that may more generally underlie E3 ligase regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiao
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dawafuti Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jakub Chrustowicz
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of Fudan, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Maximilian Duennebacke
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gronau
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Wilfling
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Mechanisms of Cellular Quality Control, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bolhuis DL, Martinez‐Chacin RC, Welsh KA, Bodrug T, Cui L, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Examining the mechanistic relationship of
APC
/
C
CDH1
and its interphase inhibitor
EMI1. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4324. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L. Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raquel C. Martinez‐Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kaeli A. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly‐driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein–dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high‐resolution cryo‐EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl‐binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ–Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation‐dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long‐sought‐for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Biology University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bellinger MR, Wei J, Hartmann U, Cadiou H, Winklhofer M, Banks MA. Conservation of magnetite biomineralization genes in all domains of life and implications for magnetic sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108655119. [PMID: 35012979 PMCID: PMC8784154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108655119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals use geomagnetic fields for navigational cues, yet the sensory mechanism underlying magnetic perception remains poorly understood. One idea is that geomagnetic fields are physically transduced by magnetite crystals contained inside specialized receptor cells, but evidence for intracellular, biogenic magnetite in eukaryotes is scant. Certain bacteria produce magnetite crystals inside intracellular compartments, representing the most ancient form of biomineralization known and having evolved prior to emergence of the crown group of eukaryotes, raising the question of whether magnetite biomineralization in eukaryotes and prokaryotes might share a common evolutionary history. Here, we discover that salmonid olfactory epithelium contains magnetite crystals arranged in compact clusters and determine that genes differentially expressed in magnetic olfactory cells, contrasted to nonmagnetic olfactory cells, share ancestry with an ancient prokaryote magnetite biomineralization system, consistent with exaptation for use in eukaryotic magnetoreception. We also show that 11 prokaryote biomineralization genes are universally present among a diverse set of eukaryote taxa and that nine of those genes are present within the Asgard clade of archaea Lokiarchaeota that affiliates with eukaryotes in phylogenomic analysis. Consistent with deep homology, we present an evolutionary genetics hypothesis for magnetite formation among eukaryotes to motivate convergent approaches for examining magnetite-based magnetoreception, molecular origins of matrix-associated biomineralization processes, and eukaryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Renee Bellinger
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Department Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365;
| | - Jiandong Wei
- Experimental Physics Department, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Uwe Hartmann
- Experimental Physics Department, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Hervé Cadiou
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, F-67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Banks
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Department Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hartooni N, Sung J, Jain A, Morgan DO. Single-molecule analysis of specificity and multivalency in binding of short linear substrate motifs to the APC/C. Nat Commun 2022; 13:341. [PMID: 35039540 PMCID: PMC8764033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust regulatory signals in the cell often depend on interactions between short linear motifs (SLiMs) and globular proteins. Many of these interactions are poorly characterized because the binding proteins cannot be produced in the amounts needed for traditional methods. To address this problem, we developed a single-molecule off-rate (SMOR) assay based on microscopy of fluorescent ligand binding to immobilized protein partners. We used it to characterize substrate binding to the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that triggers chromosome segregation. We find that SLiMs in APC/C substrates (the D box and KEN box) display distinct affinities and specificities for the substrate-binding subunits of the APC/C, and we show that multiple SLiMs in a substrate generate a high-affinity multivalent interaction. The remarkably adaptable substrate-binding mechanisms of the APC/C have the potential to govern the order of substrate destruction in mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nairi Hartooni
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jongmin Sung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Roche Sequencing Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA
| | - Ankur Jain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David O Morgan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tischer T, Yang J, Barford D. The APC/C targets the Cep152-Cep63 complex at the centrosome to regulate mitotic spindle assembly. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259273. [PMID: 34878135 PMCID: PMC8917351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of protein abundance is a fundamental regulatory mechanism during mitosis. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is the main protein ubiquitin ligase responsible for the temporal regulation of mitotic progression. It has been proposed that the APC/C might fulfil other functions, including assembly of the mitotic spindle. Here, we show that the APC/C localizes to centrosomes, the organizers of the eukaryotic microtubule cytoskeleton, specifically during mitosis. Recruitment of the APC/C to spindle poles requires the centrosomal protein Cep152, and we identified Cep152 as both an APC/C interaction partner and an APC/C substrate. Previous studies have shown that Cep152 forms a complex with Cep57 and Cep63. The APC/C-mediated ubiquitylation of Cep152 at the centrosome releases Cep57 from this inhibitory complex and enables its interaction with pericentrin, a critical step in promoting microtubule nucleation. Thus, our study extends the function of the APC/C from being a regulator of mitosis to also acting as a positive governor of spindle assembly. The APC/C thereby integrates control of these two important processes in a temporal manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - David Barford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Inal Gültekin G, Timirci Kahraman Ö, Işbilen M, Durmuş S, Çakir T, Yaylim İ, Isbir T. Six potential biomarkers for bladder cancer: key proteins in cell-cycle division and apoptosis pathways. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:54. [PMID: 36529823 PMCID: PMC9760318 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bladder cancer (BC) pathology is caused by both exogenous environmental and endogenous molecular factors. Several genes have been implicated, but the molecular pathogenesis of BC and its subtypes remains debatable. The bioinformatic analysis evaluates high numbers of proteins in a single study, increasing the opportunity to identify possible biomarkers for disorders. METHODS The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers for the identification of BC using several bioinformatic analytical tools and methods. BC and normal samples were compared for each probeset with T test in GSE13507 and GSE37817 datasets, and statistical probesets were verified with GSE52519 and E-MTAB-1940 datasets. Differential gene expression, hierarchical clustering, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and heuristic online phenotype prediction algorithm methods were utilized. Statistically significant proteins were assessed in the Human Protein Atlas database. GSE13507 (6271 probesets) and GSE37817 (3267 probesets) data were significant after the extraction of probesets without gene annotation information. Common probesets in both datasets (2888) were further narrowed by analyzing the first 100 upregulated and downregulated probesets in BC samples. RESULTS Among the total 400 probesets, 68 were significant for both datasets with similar fold-change values (Pearson r: 0.995). Protein-protein interaction networks demonstrated strong interactions between CCNB1, BUB1B, and AURKB. The HPA database revealed similar protein expression levels for CKAP2L, AURKB, APIP, and LGALS3 both for BC and control samples. CONCLUSION This study disclosed six candidate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of BC. It is suggested that these candidate proteins be investigated in a wet lab to identify their functions in BC pathology and possible treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Güldal Inal Gültekin
- grid.444283.d0000 0004 0371 5255Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Okan University, Tepeören Campus, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey ,grid.9601.e0000 0001 2166 6619Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Experimental Research Institute, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Timirci Kahraman
- grid.9601.e0000 0001 2166 6619Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Experimental Research Institute, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Işbilen
- grid.411117.30000 0004 0369 7552Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Durmuş
- grid.448834.70000 0004 0595 7127Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakir
- grid.448834.70000 0004 0595 7127Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - İlhan Yaylim
- grid.9601.e0000 0001 2166 6619Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Experimental Research Institute, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- grid.32140.340000 0001 0744 4075Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Krenning L, Sonneveld S, Tanenbaum M. Time-resolved single-cell sequencing identifies multiple waves of mRNA decay during the mitosis-to-G1 phase transition. eLife 2022; 11:71356. [PMID: 35103592 PMCID: PMC8806192 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of the cell cycle is critical for development and tissue homeostasis, and requires precisely timed expression of many genes. Cell cycle gene expression is regulated through transcriptional and translational control, as well as through regulated protein degradation. Here, we show that widespread and temporally controlled mRNA decay acts as an additional mechanism for gene expression regulation during the cell cycle in human cells. We find that two waves of mRNA decay occur sequentially during the mitosis-to-G1 phase transition, and we identify the deadenylase CNOT1 as a factor that contributes to mRNA decay during this cell cycle transition. Collectively, our data show that, akin to protein degradation, scheduled mRNA decay helps to reshape cell cycle gene expression as cells move from mitosis into G1 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenno Krenning
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Stijn Sonneveld
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Marvin Tanenbaum
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Menon DU, Kirsanov O, Geyer CB, Magnuson T. Mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler is essential for reductional meiosis in males. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6581. [PMID: 34772938 PMCID: PMC8589837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeler is essential for spermatogenesis. Here, we identify a role for ARID2, a PBAF (Polybromo - Brg1 Associated Factor)-specific subunit, in meiotic division. Arid2cKO spermatocytes arrest at metaphase-I and are deficient in spindle assembly, kinetochore-associated Polo-like kinase1 (PLK1), and centromeric targeting of Histone H3 threonine3 phosphorylation (H3T3P) and Histone H2A threonine120 phosphorylation (H2AT120P). By determining ARID2 and BRG1 genomic associations, we show that PBAF localizes to centromeres and promoters of genes known to govern spindle assembly and nuclear division in spermatocytes. Consistent with gene ontology of target genes, we also identify a role for ARID2 in centrosome stability. Additionally, misexpression of genes such as Aurkc and Ppp1cc (Pp1γ), known to govern chromosome segregation, potentially compromises the function of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) and deposition of H3T3P, respectively. Our data support a model where-in PBAF activates genes essential for meiotic cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashish U Menon
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kirsanov
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Induction of Premature Cell Senescence Stimulated by High Doses of Antioxidants Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111851. [PMID: 34769282 PMCID: PMC8584632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that high doses of several substances with antioxidant capacities (Tempol, resveratrol, diphenyleneiodonium) can cause genotoxic stress and induce premature senescence in the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, using whole-transcriptome analysis, we revealed the signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in MSCs stressed with Tempol and resveratrol. In addition, we found the upregulation of genes, coding the UPR downstream target APC/C, and E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulate the stability of cell cycle proteins. We performed the molecular analysis, which further confirmed the untimely degradation of APC/C targets (cyclin A, geminin, and Emi1) in MSCs treated with antioxidants. Human fibroblasts responded to antioxidant applications similarly. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired DNA synthesis regulation can be considered as potential triggers of cell damage and premature senescence stimulated by high-dose antioxidant treatments.
Collapse
|
44
|
Salas-Leiva DE, Tromer EC, Curtis BA, Jerlström-Hultqvist J, Kolisko M, Yi Z, Salas-Leiva JS, Gallot-Lavallée L, Williams SK, Kops GJPL, Archibald JM, Simpson AGB, Roger AJ. Genomic analysis finds no evidence of canonical eukaryotic DNA processing complexes in a free-living protist. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6003. [PMID: 34650064 PMCID: PMC8516963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells replicate and segregate their DNA with precision. Previous studies showed that these regulated cell-cycle processes were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor and that their core molecular parts are conserved across eukaryotes. However, some metamonad parasites have secondarily lost components of the DNA processing and segregation apparatuses. To clarify the evolutionary history of these systems in these unusual eukaryotes, we generated a genome assembly for the free-living metamonad Carpediemonas membranifera and carried out a comparative genomics analysis. Here, we show that parasitic and free-living metamonads harbor an incomplete set of proteins for processing and segregating DNA. Unexpectedly, Carpediemonas species are further streamlined, lacking the origin recognition complex, Cdc6 and most structural kinetochore subunits. Carpediemonas species are thus the first known eukaryotes that appear to lack this suite of conserved complexes, suggesting that they likely rely on yet-to-be-discovered or alternative mechanisms to carry out these fundamental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayana E. Salas-Leiva
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eelco C. Tromer
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bruce A. Curtis
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Martin Kolisko
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Acad. Sci, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Joan S. Salas-Leiva
- grid.466575.30000 0001 1835 194XCONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de medio ambiente y energía, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31136 Chihuahua, Chih. México
| | - Lucie Gallot-Lavallée
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Shelby K. Williams
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Geert J. P. L. Kops
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Archibald
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Andrew J. Roger
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Institute for Comparative Genomics (ICG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fujimitsu K, Yamano H. Dynamic regulation of mitotic ubiquitin ligase APC/C by coordinated Plx1 kinase and PP2A phosphatase action on a flexible Apc1 loop. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107516. [PMID: 34291488 PMCID: PMC8441438 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase essential for cell cycle control, is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. APC/C phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) promotes Cdc20 co-activator loading in mitosis to form active APC/C-Cdc20. However, detailed phospho-regulation of APC/C dynamics through other kinases and phosphatases is still poorly understood. Here, we show that an interplay between polo-like kinase (Plx1) and PP2A-B56 phosphatase on a flexible loop domain of the subunit Apc1 (Apc1-loop500 ) controls APC/C activity and mitotic progression. Plx1 directly binds to the Apc1-loop500 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes the formation of APC/C-Cdc20 via Apc3 phosphorylation. Upon phosphorylation of loop residue T532, PP2A-B56 is recruited to the Apc1-loop500 and differentially promotes dissociation of Plx1 and PP2A-B56 through dephosphorylation of Plx1-binding sites. Stable Plx1 binding, which prevents PP2A-B56 recruitment, prematurely activates the APC/C and delays APC/C dephosphorylation during mitotic exit. Furthermore, the phosphorylation status of the Apc1-loop500 is controlled by distant Apc3-loop phosphorylation. Our study suggests that phosphorylation-dependent feedback regulation through flexible loop domains within a macromolecular complex coordinates the activity and dynamics of the APC/C during the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Fujimitsu
- Cell Cycle Control GroupUCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hiroyuki Yamano
- Cell Cycle Control GroupUCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Birladeanu AM, Rogalska M, Potiri M, Papadaki V, Andreadou M, Kontoyiannis DL, Lewis JD, Erpapazoglou Z, Kafasla P. The scaffold protein IQGAP1 links heat-induced stress signals to alternative splicing regulation in gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5518-5532. [PMID: 34294847 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to oncogenic signals, Alternative Splicing (AS) regulators such as SR and hnRNP proteins show altered expression levels, subnuclear distribution and/or post-translational modification status, but the link between signals and these changes remains unknown. Here, we report that a cytosolic scaffold protein, IQGAP1, performs this task in response to heat-induced signals. We show that in gastric cancer cells, a nuclear pool of IQGAP1 acts as a tethering module for a group of spliceosome components, including hnRNPM, a splicing factor critical for the response of the spliceosome to heat-shock. IQGAP1 controls hnRNPM's sumoylation, subnuclear localisation and the relevant response of the AS machinery to heat-induced stress. Genome-wide analyses reveal that IQGAP1 and hnRNPM co-regulate the AS of a cell cycle-related RNA regulon in gastric cancer cells, thus favouring the accelerated proliferation phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Overall, we reveal a missing link between stress signals and AS regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrada-Maria Birladeanu
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Malgorzata Rogalska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Myrto Potiri
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papadaki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreadou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Joe D Lewis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoi Erpapazoglou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Kafasla
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming st. 16672 Vari, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
A modular approach for modeling the cell cycle based on functional response curves. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009008. [PMID: 34379640 PMCID: PMC8382204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling biochemical reactions by means of differential equations often results in systems with a large number of variables and parameters. As this might complicate the interpretation and generalization of the obtained results, it is often desirable to reduce the complexity of the model. One way to accomplish this is by replacing the detailed reaction mechanisms of certain modules in the model by a mathematical expression that qualitatively describes the dynamical behavior of these modules. Such an approach has been widely adopted for ultrasensitive responses, for which underlying reaction mechanisms are often replaced by a single Hill function. Also time delays are usually accounted for by using an explicit delay in delay differential equations. In contrast, however, S-shaped response curves, which by definition have multiple output values for certain input values and are often encountered in bistable systems, are not easily modeled in such an explicit way. Here, we extend the classical Hill function into a mathematical expression that can be used to describe both ultrasensitive and S-shaped responses. We show how three ubiquitous modules (ultrasensitive responses, S-shaped responses and time delays) can be combined in different configurations and explore the dynamics of these systems. As an example, we apply our strategy to set up a model of the cell cycle consisting of multiple bistable switches, which can incorporate events such as DNA damage and coupling to the circadian clock in a phenomenological way. Bistability plays an important role in many biochemical processes and typically emerges from complex interaction patterns such as positive and double negative feedback loops. Here, we propose to theoretically study the effect of bistability in a larger interaction network. We explicitly incorporate a functional expression describing an S-shaped input-output curve in the model equations, without the need for considering the underlying biochemical events. This expression can be converted into a functional module for an ultrasensitive response, and a time delay is easily included as well. Exploiting the fact that several of these modules can easily be combined in larger networks, we construct a cell cycle model consisting of multiple bistable switches and show how this approach can account for a number of known properties of the cell cycle.
Collapse
|
48
|
Padmanabhan PK, Ferreira GR, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Oliveira C, Dumas C, Mariz FC, Papadopoulou B. Genetic depletion of the RNA helicase DDX3 leads to impaired elongation of translating ribosomes triggering co-translational quality control of newly synthesized polypeptides. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9459-9478. [PMID: 34358325 PMCID: PMC8450092 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is a multifaceted RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family that plays central roles in all aspects of RNA metabolism including translation initiation. Here, we provide evidence that the Leishmania DDX3 ortholog functions in post-initiation steps of translation. We show that genetic depletion of DDX3 slows down ribosome movement resulting in elongation-stalled ribosomes, impaired translation elongation and decreased de novo protein synthesis. We also demonstrate that the essential ribosome recycling factor Rli1/ABCE1 and termination factors eRF3 and GTPBP1 are less recruited to ribosomes upon DDX3 loss, suggesting that arrested ribosomes may be inefficiently dissociated and recycled. Furthermore, we show that prolonged ribosome stalling triggers co-translational ubiquitination of nascent polypeptide chains and a higher recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligases and proteasome components to ribosomes of DDX3 knockout cells, which further supports that ribosomes are not elongating optimally. Impaired elongation of translating ribosomes also results in the accumulation of cytoplasmic protein aggregates, which implies that defects in translation overwhelm the normal quality controls. The partial recovery of translation by overexpressing Hsp70 supports this possibility. Collectively, these results suggest an important novel contribution of DDX3 to optimal elongation of translating ribosomes by preventing prolonged translation stalls and stimulating recycling of arrested ribosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kottayil Padmanabhan
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Reis Ferreira
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Camila Oliveira
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Carole Dumas
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Filipe Colaço Mariz
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research Center-University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
HUWE1 employs a giant substrate-binding ring to feed and regulate its HECT E3 domain. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1084-1092. [PMID: 34294896 PMCID: PMC7611724 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HUWE1 is a universal quality-control E3 ligase that marks diverse client proteins for proteasomal degradation. Although the giant HECT enzyme is an essential component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system closely linked with severe human diseases, its molecular mechanism is little understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of Nematocida HUWE1, revealing how a single E3 enzyme has specificity for a multitude of unrelated substrates. The protein adopts a remarkable snake-like structure where the C-terminal HECT domain heads an extended alpha solenoid body that coils in on itself and houses various protein-protein interaction modules. Our integrative structural analysis shows that this ring structure is highly dynamic, enabling the flexible HECT domain to reach protein targets presented by the various acceptor sites. Together, our data demonstrate how HUWE1 is regulated by its unique structure, adapting a promiscuous E3 ligase to selectively target unassembled orphan proteins.
Collapse
|
50
|
Fukumoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Qu L, Hoshino T, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y, Ogra Y. Nuclear translocation promotes proteasomal degradation of human Rad17 protein through the N-terminal destruction boxes. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100831. [PMID: 34174284 PMCID: PMC8318897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATR pathway is one of the major DNA damage checkpoints, and Rad17 is a DNA-binding protein that is phosphorylated upon DNA damage by ATR kinase. Rad17 recruits the 9-1-1 complex that mediates the checkpoint activation, and proteasomal degradation of Rad17 is important for recovery from the ATR pathway. Here, we identified several Rad17 mutants deficient in nuclear localization and resistant to proteasomal degradation. The nuclear localization signal was identified in the central basic domain of Rad17. Rad17 Δ230–270 and R240A/L243A mutants that were previously postulated to lack the destruction box, a sequence that is recognized by the ubiquitin ligase/anaphase-promoting complex that mediates degradation of Rad17, also showed cytoplasmic localization. Our data indicate that the nuclear translocation of Rad17 is functionally linked to the proteasomal degradation. The ATP-binding activity of Rad17, but not hydrolysis, is essential for the nuclear translocation, and the ATPase domain orchestrates the nuclear translocation, the proteasomal degradation, as well as the interaction with the 9-1-1 complex. The Rad17 mutant that lacked a nuclear localization signal was proficient in the interaction with the 9-1-1 complex, suggesting cytosolic association of Rad17 and the 9-1-1 complex. Finally, we identified two tandem canonical and noncanonical destruction boxes in the N-terminus of Rad17 as the bona fide destruction box, supporting the role of anaphase-promoting complex in the degradation of Rad17. We propose a model in which Rad17 is activated in the cytoplasm for translocation into the nucleus and continuously degraded in the nucleus even in the absence of exogenous DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Liang Qu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|