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Duta L, Grumezescu V. The Effect of Doping on the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Hydroxyapatite for Medical Applications: From Powders to Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:640. [PMID: 38591446 PMCID: PMC10856152 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the favorable electrical properties of biomaterials have been acknowledged as crucial for various medical applications, including both bone healing and growth processes. This review will specifically concentrate on calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bioceramics, with a notable emphasis on hydroxyapatite (HA), among the diverse range of synthetic biomaterials. HA is currently the subject of extensive research in the medical field, particularly in dentistry and orthopedics. The existing literature encompasses numerous studies exploring the physical-chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HA-based materials produced in various forms (i.e., powders, pellets, and/or thin films) using various physical and chemical vapor deposition techniques. In comparison, there is a relative scarcity of research on the electrical and dielectric properties of HA, which have been demonstrated to be essential for understanding dipole polarization and surface charge. It is noteworthy that these electrical and dielectric properties also offer valuable insights into the structure and functioning of biological tissues and cells. In this respect, electrical impedance studies on living tissues have been performed to assess the condition of cell membranes and estimate cell shape and size. The need to fill the gap and correlate the physical-chemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics with the electrical and dielectric properties could represent a step forward in providing new avenues for the development of the next-generation of high-performance HA-doped biomaterials for future top medical applications. Therefore, this review focuses on the electrical and dielectric properties of HA-based biomaterials, covering a range from powders and pellets to thin films, with a particular emphasis on the impact of the various dopants used. Therefore, it will be revealed that each dopant possesses unique properties capable of enhancing the overall characteristics of the produced structures. Considering that the electrical and dielectric properties of HA-based biomaterials have not been extensively explored thus far, the aim of this review is to compile and thoroughly discuss the latest research findings in the field, with special attention given to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Duta
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Valentina Grumezescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Salari Mehr M, Aarik L, Jõgiaas T, Kasikov A, Damerchi E, Mändar H. Mechanical and Optical Properties of Cr 2O 3 Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition Method Using Cr(thd) 3 and Ozone. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2702. [PMID: 37836343 PMCID: PMC10574646 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Cr2O3 thin films were grown on a Si (1 0 0) substrate using Cr(thd)3 and O3 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at substrate temperatures (TG) from 200 to 300 °C. X-ray amorphous films were deposited at a TG ≤ 225 °C, whereas at higher temperatures (TG ≥ 250 °C), the eskolaite phase was observed in the films. The growth rate of the films increased from 0.003 to 0.01 nm/cycle by increasing TG from 200 to 275 °C. The relatively low growth rate of Cr(thd)3-O3 makes it appropriate for the ALD of precisely controllable solid solution-type ternary-component thin films. The Ti-doped Cr2O3 film showed higher hardness (16.7 GPa) compared with that of the undoped film (12.8 GPa) with similar thickness. The band gap values of the pure Cr2O3 corresponding to the indirect transition model showed no dependence on TG; however, doping the Cr2O3 with Ti decreased its band gap energy value from 3.1 to 2.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Salari Mehr
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lauri Aarik
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Taivo Jõgiaas
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aarne Kasikov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elyad Damerchi
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hugo Mändar
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Usman K, Kang D, Jeong G, Alam K, Raveendran A, Ser J, Jang W, Cho H. The Surface Properties of Implant Materials by Deposition of High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1123. [PMID: 36986017 PMCID: PMC10054136 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) contain more than five alloying elements in a composition range of 5-35% and with slight atomic size variation. Recent narrative studies on HEA thin films and their synthesis through deposition techniques such as sputtering have highlighted the need for determining the corrosion behaviors of such alloys used as biomaterials, for example, in implants. Coatings composed of biocompatible elements such as titanium, cobalt, chrome, nickel, and molybdenum at the nominal composition of Co30Cr20Ni20Mo20Ti10 were synthesized by means of high-vacuum radiofrequency magnetron (HVRF) sputtering. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the coating samples deposited with higher ion densities were thicker than those deposited with lower ion densities (thin films). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the thin films heat treated at higher temperatures, i.e., 600 and 800 °C, revealed a low degree of crystallinity. In thicker coatings and samples without heat treatment, the XRD peaks were amorphous. The samples coated at lower ion densities, i.e., 20 µAcm-2, and not subjected to heat treatment yielded superior results in terms of corrosion and biocompatibility among all the samples. Heat treatment at higher temperatures led to alloy oxidation, thus compromising the corrosion property of the deposited coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Usman
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Doori Kang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Jeong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshed Alam
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Athira Raveendran
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhui Ser
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyung Jang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Cho
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Brigiano FS, Bazin D, Tielens F. Peculiar opportunities given by XPS spectroscopy for the clinician. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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An investigation of the work function and stability of chromium oxide thin films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohammadtaheri M, Li Y, Yang Q. Hard Cr 2O 3 coatings on SS316L substrates prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering technique: a potential candidate for orthopedic implants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25146-25154. [PMID: 31001781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
316L stainless steel (SS) implants suffer from tribological and biocompatibility problems which limit their service lifetime. In order to improve the surface properties of 316L SS for orthopedic implant applications, hard chromium oxide coatings were applied on 316L SS substrates using a reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The morphological, structural, and phase compositional analyses were conducted on the deposited coatings by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Rockwell-C indentation tests were performed on the coated substrates to qualitatively evaluate the adhesion of coatings on the steel substrates. The surface characteristics of coatings were measured by using an optical profilometer. The mechanical properties of coatings were reported by measuring the Hardness and Young's modulus. The corrosion resistance of coated and uncoated SS substrates was compared using potentiodynamic polarization tests. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to analyze the biocompatibility of the samples by measuring the amount of toxic Cr ions released after the immersion test. The results show that the coatings are adherent and composed of a single Cr2O3 phase with a hardness of 25 to 29 GPa. The corrosion resistance of the SS has been improved by applying a chromium oxide coating. The coated SS samples have also demonstrated better wear resistance and lower friction coefficient compared to bare SS samples under a reciprocating sliding condition in saline solution. The biocompatibility of the SS has been enhanced by the Cr2O3 coating as much less Cr ions were released after immersion tests. These results indicate that the hard Cr2O3 coatings can be considered as a candidate for extending the lifetime of SS implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohammadtaheri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5A9, Canada
| | - Yuanshi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5A9, Canada
| | - Qiaoqin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5A9, Canada.
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Tsendzughul NT, Ogwu AA. Physicochemical Aspects of the Mechanisms of Rapid Antimicrobial Contact-Killing by Sputtered Silver Oxide Thin Films under Visible Light. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16847-16859. [PMID: 31646231 PMCID: PMC6796911 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and band gap of silver oxide thin films have been tuned by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering to deposit transparent, visible-light-activated photocatalytic biomaterials with excellent antimicrobial properties. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using the Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 binding energy peaks have been used to study the chemical composition of the films, and the deposition of two antimicrobial phases of silver oxide, namely, Ag2O and Ag4O4 was confirmed. The optical band gaps of the films were determined by optical spectroscopy and are in the range 2.3 eV (539.6 nm) to 3.2 eV (387.8 nm). Strong transmission of up to 80% was observed in the visible region around 650-750 nm. Silver ion release on the surfaces of the films was monitored using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and sustained silver ion release in both water and saline solution for 24 h was confirmed. Nanocrystallites of sizes between 2.45 and 31.30 nm were observed on the surfaces. The films were challenged with two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) during antimicrobial activity tests using killing curve analysis with 100% contact killing recorded in 25 and 5 min, respectively. The mechanism of antimicrobial efficacy is suggested to be due to silver ion release, small crystallites, and the ease of ligand replacement in the silver oxide stoichiometry, their exchange and interactions of ligands in the microbe's biological systems. Our current finding opens the door to furthering the development of visible-light-activated antimicrobial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T. Tsendzughul
- School
of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, Paisley Campus, PA1 2BE Scotland, U.K.
| | - Abraham A. Ogwu
- East
Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070004, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Khokhlova M, Dykas M, Krishnan-Kutty V, Patra A, Venkatesan T, Prellier W. Oxide thin films as bioactive coatings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:033001. [PMID: 30523972 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaefbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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