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Vuppaladadiyam SSV, Thomas BS, Kundu C, Vuppaladadiyam AK, Duan H, Bhattacharya S. Can e-waste recycling provide a solution to the scarcity of rare earth metals? An overview of e-waste recycling methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171453. [PMID: 38453089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recycling e-waste is seen as a sustainable alternative to compensate for the limited natural rare earth elements (REEs) resources and the difficulty of accessing these resources. Recycling facilitates the recovery of valuable products and minimizes emissions during their transportation. Numerous studies have been reported on e-waste recycling using various techniques, including thermo-, hydro- and biometallurgical approaches. However, each approach still has technical, economic, social, or environmental limitations. This review highlights the potential of recycling e-waste, including outlining the current unutilized potential of REE recycling from different e-waste components. An in-depth analysis of e-waste generation on a global scale and Australian scenario, along with various hazardous impacts on ecosystem and human health, is reported. In addition, a comprehensive summary of various metal recovery processes and their merits and demerits is also presented. Lifecycle analysis for recovering REEs from e-waste indicate a positive environmental impact when compared to REEs produced from virgin sources. In addition, recovering REEs form secondary sources eliminated ca. 1.5 times radioactive waste, as seen in production from primary sources scenario. The review outcome demonstrates the increasing potential of REE recycling to overcome critical challenges, including issues over supply security and localized dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bennet Sam Thomas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chandan Kundu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Huabo Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Australia.
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2
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Sirkiä S, Masood MT, Hadadian M, Qudsia S, Rosqvist E, Smått JH. Scalable Lead Acetate-Based Perovskite Thin Films Prepared via Controlled Nucleation and Growth under Near Ambient Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8266-8273. [PMID: 38405520 PMCID: PMC10882608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Lead acetate (PbAc2) is a promising precursor salt for large-scale production of perovskite solar cells, as its high solubility in polar solvents enables the use of scalable deposition methods such as inkjet printing and dip coating. In this study, uniform (40-230 nm) PbAc2 thin films were prepared via dip coating under near ambient lab conditions by tuning the PbAc2 precursor concentration. In a second step, these PbAc2 films were converted to methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite by immersing them into methylammonium iodide (MAI) solutions. The nucleation and growth processes at play were controlled by altering key parameters, such as air humidity during the lead acetate deposition and MAI concentration when converting the PbAc2 film to MAPI. The research revealed that lead acetate is sensitive toward humidity and can undergo hydroxylation reactions affecting the reproducibility and quality of the produced solar cells. However, drying the PbAc2 films under low relative humidity (<1%) prior to conversion enables the production of high-quality MAPI films without the need of glovebox processing. Furthermore, SEM characterization revealed that the surface coverage of the MAPI film increased significantly with an increase of the MAI concentration at the conversion stage. The resulting morphology of the MAPI films can be explained by a standard nucleation and growth mechanism. Preliminary solar cells were produced using these MAPI films as the active layer. The best performing devices were obtained with a 140 nm thick lead acetate film converted to MAPI using a 12 mg/mL MAI solution, as these parameters resulted in a good surface coverage of the MAPI film. The results show that the methodology holds potential toward large-scale production of perovskite solar cells under near ambient conditions, which substantially simplifies the fabrication and lowers the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Sirkiä
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, Åbo FI-20500, Finland
| | - Muhammad Talha Masood
- Department
of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Science & Technology (NUST), H 12 sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mahboubeh Hadadian
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Syeda Qudsia
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, Åbo FI-20500, Finland
| | - Emil Rosqvist
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, Åbo FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jan-Henrik Smått
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, Åbo FI-20500, Finland
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3
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Ornes S. How to recycle an EV battery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400520121. [PMID: 38277435 PMCID: PMC10835024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400520121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
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4
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Hernández-García S, Flores-García M, Maldonado-Vega M, Hernández G, Meneses-Melo F, López-Vanegas NC, Calderón-Salinas JV. Adaptive changes in redox response and decreased platelet aggregation in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104134. [PMID: 37116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure can generate pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions in the blood, related to high platelet activation and aggregation, altering cell functions. We studied ADP-stimulated aggregation and the oxidant/antioxidant system of platelets from chronically lead-exposed workers and non-exposed workers. Platelet aggregation was low in lead-exposed workers (62 vs. 97%), who had normal platelet counts and showed no clinical manifestations of hemostatic failure. ADP-activated platelets from lead-exposed workers failed to increase superoxide release (3.3 vs. 6.6 µmol/g protein), had low NADPH concentration (60 vs. 92 nmol/mg protein), high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (224 vs. 129 nmol/mg protein) and high plasma PGE2 concentration (287 vs. 79 pg/mL). Altogether, those conditions, on the one hand, could account for the low platelet aggregation and, on the other, indicate an adaptive mechanism for the oxidative status of platelets and anti-aggregating molecules to prevent thrombotic problems in the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory environment of chronic lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernández-García
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirthala Flores-García
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío. León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Nylen J, Sheehan M. The impact of moisture on lead concentrate powder dust emissions in ship-loading operations. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Nguyen LT, Makov G. High-Pressure Phases of SnO and PbO: A Density Functional Theory Combined with an Evolutionary Algorithm Approach. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216552. [PMID: 34772077 PMCID: PMC8585256 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tin monoxide, SnO, and its analog, lead monoxide, PbO, have the same tetragonal P4/nmm structure, shaped by nonbonding dispersion forces and lone pairs. The high-pressure phases of SnO and PbO have been explored in several experimental and theoretical studies, with conflicting results. In this study, the high-pressure structures of SnO and PbO are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with an evolutionary algorithm to identify novel high-pressure phases. We propose that the monoclinic P21/m SnO and orthorhombic Pmmn PbO phases, which are metastable at 0 GPa, are a slight rearrangement of the tetragonal P4/nmm-layered structure. These orthorhombic (and their closely related monoclinic) phases become more favored than the tetragonal phase upon compression. In particular, the transition pressures to the orthorhombic γ-phase Pmn21 of SnO/PbO and the monoclinic phase P21/m of SnO are found to be consistent with experimental studies. Two new high-pressure SnO/PbO polymorphs are predicted: the orthorhombic Pbcm phase of SnO and the monoclinic C2/m of PbO. These phases are stabilized in our calculations when P > 65 GPa and P > 50 GPa, respectively. The weakening of the lone pair localization and elastic instability are the main drivers of pressure-induced phase transitions. Modulations of the SnO/PbO electronic structure due to structural transitions upon compression are also discussed.
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7
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Chowdhury MS, Rahman KS, Selvanathan V, Hasan AKM, Jamal MS, Samsudin NA, Akhtaruzzaman M, Amin N, Techato K. Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14534-14541. [PMID: 35423997 PMCID: PMC8697776 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices. However, the technology is still susceptible to degradation issues and toxicity concerns due to the presence of lead (Pb). Therefore, investigation on ideal methods to deal with PSC wastes once the device attains its end-of-life is crucial and to recycle the components within the cell is the most cost effective and energy effective method by far. This paper reported on a layer-by-layer extraction approach to recycle the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate which is the most expensive component in the device architecture of mesoporous planar PSC. By adapting the sequential removal of each layer, chemical properties of individual components, including spiro-OMeTAD and gold can be preserved, enabling the material to be easily reused. It also ensured that the toxic Pb component could be isolated without contaminating other materials. The removal of all individual layers allows the retrieval of FTO conductive glass which can be used in various applications that are not only restricted to photovoltaics. Comparison of electrical, morphological and physical properties of recycled FTO glasses to commercial ones revealed minimal variations. This confirmed that the recycling approach was useful in retrieving the substrate without affecting its physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chowdhury
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University 90110 Songkhla Thailand
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University 90110 Songkhla Thailand
| | - Kazi Sajedur Rahman
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Vidhya Selvanathan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - A K Mahmud Hasan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - M S Jamal
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Asma Samsudin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Md Akhtaruzzaman
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nowshad Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (@UNITEN), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kuaanan Techato
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University 90110 Songkhla Thailand
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University 90110 Songkhla Thailand
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8
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Current State and Future Prospects for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems such as electrochemical capacitors, batteries and fuel cells are considered as the most important technologies proposing environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to address rapidly growing global energy demands and environmental concerns. Their commercial applications individually or in combination of two or more devices are based on their distinguishing properties e.g., energy/power densities, cyclability and efficiencies. In this review article, we have discussed some of the major electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems and encapsulated their technological advancement in recent years. Fundamental working principles and material compositions of various components such as electrodes and electrolytes have also been discussed. Furthermore, future challenges and perspectives for the applications of these technologies are discussed.
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9
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Sengan M, Kamlekar RK, Veerappan A. Highly selective rapid colorimetric sensing of Pb 2+ ion in water samples and paint based on metal induced aggregation of N-decanoyltromethamine capped gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118485. [PMID: 32450540 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead is highly toxic. The detection of lead in the environmental bodies is difficult, because it is colourless and odourless. Herein, we report the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the interdigitized vesicles formed by N-decanoyltromethamine (NDTM). AuNPs stabilized by NDTM was pink in colour with spherical shape and the size is 29 ± 7 nm. The optical property of the NDTM-AuNPs was explored for the first time to detect toxic chemical, Pb2+. The addition of toxic metal ion Pb2+ to NDTM-AuNPs rapidly (< 1 min) alters the colour from pink to violet due to aggregation, which was confirmed by particle size analyser and TEM. The aggregation induced colour changes were realized via broad spectra in UV-Vis spectroscopy. NDTM-AuNPs showed a selective and sensitive spectrophotometric signal with Pb2+ when compared with other metal ions. The colorimetric change as a function of Pb2+ concentration gave a linear response in the range of 0-30 μM (R2 = 0.9942). The detection limit was found at 10 μM by naked eye and 0.35 μM by spectrophotometry. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of Pb2+ ions in tap water and sewage water. Moreover, as a proof of concept, the NDTM-AuNPs sensor system was applied for the detection of lead in commercial paints. The results of the quantitative estimation of lead in paints by NDTM-AuNPs colorimetric sensor were as good as the standard method, atomic absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megarajan Sengan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Kamlekar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Modification of Graphite Felt with Lead (II) Formate and Acetate—An Approach for Preparation of Lightweight Electrodes for a Lead-Acid Battery. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead-acid battery (LAB) weight is a major downside stopping it from being adapted to electric/hybrid vehicles. Lead grids constitute up to 50% of LAB electrode’s weight and it only ensures electric connection to electrochemically active material and provides structural integrity. Using graphite felt (GF) as a current collector can reduce the electrode’s weight while increasing the surface area. Modification of GF with lead (II) oxide using impregnation and calcination techniques and lead (II) formate and acetate as precursors was conducted to produce composite electrodes. It was found that lead (II) formate is not a viable material for this purpose, whereas multiple impregnation in lead (II) acetate saturated solution and calcination in air leads to thermal destruction GF. However, impregnation and calcination under nitrogen atmosphere in three cycles produced a sample of good quality with a mass loading of lead (II) oxide that was 17.18 g g−1 GF. This equates to only 5.5% of the total mass of composite electrode to be GF, which is immensely lower than lead grid mass in traditional electrodes. This result shows that a possible lightweight alternative of LAB electrode can be produced using the proposed modification method.
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11
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Failure Warning at the End of Service-Life of Lead–Acid Batteries for Backup Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of remaining useful life is an important function of battery management systems. Existing research typically focused on factors that determine the quantity of the remaining useful capacity, and are able to determine the remaining useful capacity several years before battery failure to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries. These techniques are not suitable at the end of service-life for backup batteries. This paper proposes a linear-superposition–voltage-aging model with three improvements. First, the estimation of the deep-discharge of the proposed voltage model does not require the remaining useful capacity. Second, the internal resistance of the deep-discharge is predicted from the contacting resistance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Third, a morphology correction factor of internal resistance is about to saturate at the end of battery service-life. The model accurately forecasts battery failure at the end of service-life in two groups of accelerated-aging experiments. The proposed method in this paper focuses on the factors that determine quality of remaining useful capacity to counter hysteresis of variables of lead–acid batteries and judge battery failure at the end of service-life.
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12
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Environmental Assessment of Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Manufacturing to Identify Drivers for Attaining Goals of Sustainable Materials 4.0. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electricity from the combination of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines exhibits potential benefits towards the sustainable cities transition. Nevertheless, the highly fluctuating and intermittent character limits an extended applicability in the energy market. Particularly, batteries represent a challenging approach to overcome the existing constraints and to achieve sustainable urban energy development. On the basis of the market roll-out and level of technological maturity, five commercially available battery technologies are assessed in this work, namely, lead–acid, lithium manganese oxide, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, and vanadium redox flow. When considering sustainable development, environmental assessments provide valuable information. In this vein, an environmental analysis of the technologies is conducted using a life cycle assessment methodology from a cradle-to-gate perspective. A comparison of the environmental burden of battery components identified vanadium redox flow battery as the lowest environmental damage battery. In terms of components, electrodes; the electrolyte; and the set of pumps, motors, racks, and bolts exhibited the greatest environmental impact related to manufacturing. In terms of materials, copper, steel, sulphuric acid, and vanadium were identified as the main contributors to the midpoint impact categories. The results have highlighted that challenging materials 4.0 are still needed in battery manufacturing to provide sustainable technology designs required to the future urban planning based on circular economy demands.
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13
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Gottesfeld P. Commentary health risks from climate fix: The downside of energy storage batteries. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108677. [PMID: 31450149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage is the key component to almost all technologies arising in response to climate change. Although most lead batteries are recycled, the process as employed in the majority of recycling plants around the world is highly polluting. Lithium ion batteries, considered the most advanced battery for climate solutions, are employed in electric vehicles, solar lanterns, and increasingly in other energy storage applications. These are generally not being recycled as there are no available technologies to economically extract metals in a form that can be used to make new batteries or other high-value products. As the energy storage market is projected to grow rapidly in coming years, we must consider the impacts of increased mining, milling, smelting and recycling of these metals. Much of these materials will be extracted and processed in low and middle-income countries and eventually be recycled in these same jurisdictions with few regulations to protect public health and the environment. Technological responses to climate change must take account of potential health risks inherent in such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Gottesfeld
- Occupational Knowledge International, 4444 Geary Blvd, Suite 208, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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14
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Determination of current homogeneity on the electrodes of lead-acid batteries through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Liu W, Li W, Han J, Wu D, Li Z, Gu K, Qin W. Preparation of calcium stannate from lead refining slag by alkaline leaching-purification-causticization process. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ahmed Arafa WA. Deep eutectic solvent for an expeditious sono-synthesis of novel series of bis-quinazolin-4-one derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182046. [PMID: 31032048 PMCID: PMC6458391 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To produce a new category of anti-cancer compounds, a facile and environmentally sustainable method for preparing diversified bis-quinazolinones was demonstrated using recyclable deep eutectic solvent (DES) under ultrasonic irradiation. The reactions were performed smoothly with a wide scope of substrates affording the desired derivatives in good-to-excellent yields under an atom-economical pathway. Particularly, halogen substituents that are amenable for further synthetic elaborations are well tolerated. Furthermore, the 'greenness' of the protocol was assessed within the scope of several green metrics and found to display an excellent score in the specified parameters. Cytotoxic activity of all novel bis-quinazolinones was investigated utilizing two cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cell lines and their IC50 values were determined. Most of the prepared derivatives displayed fascinating inhibitory activity with IC50 values in a low micromolar range. Remarkably, the derivative 7e [3,3'-(sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(2-methyl-6-nitroquinazolin-4(3H)-one)] showed superior potency against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.26 µM and 2.75 µM, respectively. Moreover, this derivative was found to have low toxicity to the normal breast cell line (MCF-10A) and could serve as a promising lead candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdelgayed Ahmed Arafa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, PO Box 63514, Fayoum City, Egypt
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17
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Zhang X, Li L, Fan E, Xue Q, Bian Y, Wu F, Chen R. Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7239-7302. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and novel view on battery recycling is provided in terms of the science and technology, engineering, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Qing Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yifan Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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