Fe3O4 nanoparticle-coated mushroom source biomaterial for Cr(VI) polluted liquid treatment and mechanism research

Diversity of Mycogenic Oxide and Chalcogenide Nanoparticles: A Review

Oxide and chalcogenide nanoparticles have great potential for use in biomedicine, engineering, agriculture, environmental protection, and other research fields. The myco-synthesis of nanoparticles with fungal cultures, their metabolites, culture liquids, and mycelial and fruit body extracts is simple, cheap and environmentally friendly. The characteristics of nanoparticles, including their size, shape, homogeneity, stability, physical properties and biological activity, can be tuned by changing the myco-synthesis conditions. This review summarizes the data on the diversity of oxide and chalcogenide nanoparticles produced by various fungal species under different experimental conditions.

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Mushrooms: A Crucial Dimension for Sustainable Soil Management

Soil is the main component in the agroecosystem besides water, microbial communities, and cultivated plants. Several problems face soil, including soil pollution, erosion, salinization, and degradation on a global level. Many approaches have been applied to overcome these issues, such as phyto-, bio-, and nanoremediation through different soil management tools. Mushrooms can play a vital role in the soil through bio-nanoremediation, especially under the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, which could be used in the bioremediation process. This review focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using mushrooms and the potential of bio-nanoremediation for polluted soils. The distinguished roles of mushrooms of soil improvement are considered a crucial dimension for sustainable soil management, which may include controlling soil erosion, improving soil aggregates, increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and resorting to damaged and/or polluted soils. The field of bio-nanoremediation using mushrooms still requires further investigation, particularly regarding the sustainable management of soils.

Mechanism study of Chromium influenced soil remediated by an uptake-detoxification system using hyperaccumulator, resistant microbe consortium, and nano iron complex

A soil heavy metal decontamination system was developed based on the immobilization of bioavailable metal fraction by iron-biochar nano-complex (BC@Fe₃O₄) and the uptake by Chromium (Cr) hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra (L. hexandra) under the assistance of metal resistant microbe consortium (MC). In this system, L. hexandra was able to accumulate 485.1-785.0 mg kg^-1 in root and 147.5-297.2 mg kg^-1 of Cr in its aerial part. With MC assistance, more Cr could be translocated to the aerial part of L. hexandra, which dramatically improved its remediation potential. Meanwhile, BC@Fe₃O₄ application decreased bioavailable Cr in soil and reduced soil toxicity, which contributed to soil microbial community adaption and L. hexandra performance under high level of Cr concentration (elevated microbial activity, decreased plant stress response, enhanced L. hexandra growth and accumulation) without negative influence on accumulation efficiency. Moreover, details of the possible mechanistic insight into metal removal were discussed, which indicated a negative correlation of the extractable Cr with soil microecology and hyperaccumulator performance. Furthermore, the resistant bacteria successfully altered soil microbial community, enhanced its diversity, which was in favor of the soil quality improvement.

Environmental Application of Biogenic Magnetite Nanoparticles to Remediate Chromium(III/VI)-Contaminated Water

The physicochemical characteristics of biogenic minerals, such as high specific surface areas and high reactivity and the presence of a bacterial carrier matrix, make them promising for various applications. For instance, catalysts, adsorbents, oxidants, and reductants. The objective of this study is to examine the efficiency of biogenic magnetite nanoparticles (BMNs) that are produced by metal-reducing bacteria for removing chromium. Interactions between ionic chromium (Cr III/VI) and BMNs were examined under different pH values (ranging from pH 2 to pH 12) by using different doses of BMN (0–6 g/L). Chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (CMNs) were used in the experiments for the purpose of comparing them to the BMNs. The results showed that the BMNs had higher Cr(VI) removal efficiency (100%) than the CMNs (82%) after a two-week reaction time. A lower pH and longer reaction time in the Cr-contaminated solution led to a higher Cr(VI) removal efficiency. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency by the BMNs in the Cr-contaminated groundwater was about 94% after a reaction time of two weeks. The BMNs that were coated with organic matter were more effective than the CMNs in leading to adsorption of Cr(III) with electrostatic interactions (82% versus 13%) and in preventing Fe(II) oxidation within the magnetite structure. These results indicate that the BMNs could be used to decontaminate ionic Cr in environmental remediation technologies.