1
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Peng Z, Zhang Y, Choi CLR, Zhang P, Wu T, Chan YK. Continuous roller nanoimprinting: next generation lithography. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37376894 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a cost-effective and high-throughput technique for replicating nanoscale structures that does not require expensive light sources for advanced photolithography equipment. NIL overcomes the limitations of light diffraction or beam scattering in traditional photolithography and is suitable for replicating nanoscale structures with high resolution. Roller nanoimprint lithography (R-NIL) is the most common NIL technique benefiting large-scale, continuous, and efficient industrial production. In the past two decades, a range of R-NIL equipment has emerged to meet the industrial needs for applications including biomedical devices, semiconductors, flexible electronics, optical films, and interface functional materials. R-NIL equipment has a simple and compact design, which allows multiple units to be clustered together for increased productivity. These units include transmission control, resist coating, resist curing, and imprinting. This critical review summarizes the hitherto R-NIL processes, their typical technical problems, and corresponding solutions and gives guidelines for developing advanced R-NIL equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Long Ronald Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Parida B, Singh A, Kalathil Soopy AK, Sangaraju S, Sundaray M, Mishra S, Liu S(F, Najar A. Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200308. [PMID: 35274476 PMCID: PMC9109066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Just over a decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been emerged as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their skyrocketing power conversion efficiency (PCE), low cost, and easy manufacturing techniques compared to Si solar cells. Several methods and procedures have been developed to fabricate high-quality perovskite films to improve the scalability and commercialize PSCs. Recently, several printing technologies such as blade-coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and inkjet printing have been found to be very effective in controlling film formation and improving the PCE of over 21%. This review summarizes the intensive research efforts given for these printing techniques to scale up the perovskite films as well as the hole transport layer (HTL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and electrodes for PSCs. In the end, this review presents a description of the future research scope to overcome the challenges being faced in the printing techniques for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Parida
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain15551UAE
| | - Arjun Singh
- Department of Applied SciencesThe Northcap UniversityGurugram122017India
| | | | - Sambasivam Sangaraju
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain15551UAE
| | - Madhulita Sundaray
- Department of Humanities and SciencesKG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad501504India
| | - Satrujit Mishra
- Department of PhysicsParala Maharaja Engineering CollegeBerhampurOdisha761003India
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoning116023China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anShaanxi710119China
| | - Adel Najar
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain15551UAE
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3
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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4
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Bisconti F, Giuri A, Marra G, Savoini A, Fumo P, Marrazzo R, Zanardi S, Corso G, Po R, Biagini P, Quadrivi E, Suhonen R, Kraft TM, Ylikunnari M, Listorti A, Corcione CE, Colella S, Rizzo A. Polymer-Assisted Single-Step Slot-Die Coating of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells at Mild Temperature from Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1442-1450. [PMID: 34648239 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The industrialization of perovskite solar cells relies on solving intrinsic-to-material issues. To reach record efficiencies perovskite deposition needs to be finely adjusted by multi-step processes, in a humidity free glove-box environment and by means of hardly scalable techniques often associated with toxic solvents and anti-solvent dripping/bath. Herein, the use of polymeric material is proposed to deposit perovskite layers with easy processability. To the scope, a starch-polymer/perovskite composite is developed to suit slot-die coating technique requirement, allowing the deposition of hybrid halide perovskite material in a single straightforward step without the use of toxic solvents, and in uncontrolled humid environment (RH up to 70 %). The starch-polymer increases the viscosity of the perovskite precursor solutions and delays the perovskite crystallization that results in the formation of perovskite films at mild temperature (60 °C) with good morphology. These innovative inks enables the fabrication of flexible solar cells with p-i-n configuration featured by a power conversion efficiency higher than 3 %. . Overall, this approach can be exploited in the future to massively reduce perovskite manufacturing costs related to keeping the entire fabrication line at high-temperature and under nitrogen or dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bisconti
- CNR NANOTEC -, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Giuri
- CNR NANOTEC -, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Savoini
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Fumo
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Marrazzo
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Zanardi
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Corso
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Po
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Biagini
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Quadrivi
- Renewable Energy, Magnetic Fusion and Material Science Research Center, Istituto Donegani, Eni S.p.A., via Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Riikka Suhonen
- Sensing Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90571, Finland
| | - Thomas M Kraft
- Sensing Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90571, Finland
| | - Mari Ylikunnari
- Sensing Solutions, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90571, Finland
| | - Andrea Listorti
- CNR NANOTEC -, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, km 1, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Colella
- CNR NANOTEC - c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC -, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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5
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Niu X, Li N, Chen Q, Zhou H. Insights into Large‐Scale Fabrication Methods in Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education BIC-ESAT Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Nengxu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education BIC-ESAT Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education BIC-ESAT Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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6
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Kim JH, Choi Y, Kang J, Choi E, Choi SE, Kwon O, Kim DW. Scalable fabrication of deoxygenated graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane by continuous slot-die coating. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Vijayan A, Johansson MB, Svanström S, Cappel UB, Rensmo H, Boschloo G. Simple Method for Efficient Slot-Die Coating of MAPbI 3 Perovskite Thin Films in Ambient Air Conditions. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2020; 3:4331-4337. [PMID: 32954222 PMCID: PMC7493223 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scalable methods for deposition of lead halide perovskite thin films are required to enable commercialization of the highly promising perovskite photovoltaics. Here, we have developed a slot-die coating process under ambient conditions for methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite on heated substrates (about 90 °C on the substrate surface). Dense, highly crystalline perovskite films with large grains (100-200 μm) were obtained by careful adjustment of the deposition parameters, using solutions that are similar but more dilute than those used in typical spin-coating procedures. Without any further after treatments, such as antisolvent treatment or vapor annealing, we achieved power conversion efficiencies up of 14.5% for devices with the following structure: conducting tin oxide glass (FTO)/TiO2/MAPbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au. The performance was limited by the significant roughness of the deposited films, resulting from the hot-casting method, and the relatively high deposition temperature, which led to a defect-rich surface due to loss of MAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Vijayan
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin B. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Howard IA, Abzieher T, Hossain IM, Eggers H, Schackmar F, Ternes S, Richards BS, Lemmer U, Paetzold UW. Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806702. [PMID: 30932255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structure. The nucleation and crystal growth must be controlled during film formation and subsequent treatments in order to obtain high-quality, pin-hole-free films over large areas. A great deal of understanding regarding material engineering during the perovskite film formation process has been gained through spin-coating studies. Based on this, significant progress has been made on transferring material engineering strategies to processes capable of scale-up, such as blade coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, relief printing, and gravure printing. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies that led to devices deposited by these scalable techniques with PCEs as high as 21%. Finally, the opportunities to fully close the shrinking gap to record spin-coated solar cells and to scale these efficiencies to large areas are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Abzieher
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ihteaz M Hossain
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helge Eggers
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Schackmar
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Ternes
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Paetzold
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Burkitt D, Swartwout R, McGettrick J, Greenwood P, Beynon D, Brenes R, Bulović V, Watson T. Acetonitrile based single step slot-die compatible perovskite ink for flexible photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37415-37423. [PMID: 35542303 PMCID: PMC9075525 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low viscosity rapid drying perovskite formulations designed to give high quality solar films when slot-die coated on flexible roll-to-roll compatible substrates are developed .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burkitt
- SPECIFIC
- College of Engineering
- Swansea University
- SA1 8EN Swansea
- UK
| | - Richard Swartwout
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - James McGettrick
- SPECIFIC
- College of Engineering
- Swansea University
- SA1 8EN Swansea
- UK
| | - Peter Greenwood
- SPECIFIC
- College of Engineering
- Swansea University
- SA1 8EN Swansea
- UK
| | - David Beynon
- SPECIFIC
- College of Engineering
- Swansea University
- SA1 8EN Swansea
- UK
| | - Roberto Brenes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Trystan Watson
- SPECIFIC
- College of Engineering
- Swansea University
- SA1 8EN Swansea
- UK
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10
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Alberola-Borràs JA, Baker JA, De Rossi F, Vidal R, Beynon D, Hooper KEA, Watson TM, Mora-Seró I. Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules: Life Cycle Assessment of Pre-industrial Production Process. iScience 2018; 9:542-551. [PMID: 30448247 PMCID: PMC6286418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices based on perovskite materials have a great potential to become an exceptional source of energy while preserving the environment. However, to enter the global market, they require further development to achieve the necessary performance requirements. The environmental performance of a pre-industrial process of production of a large-area carbon stack perovskite module is analyzed in this work through life cycle assessment (LCA). From the pre-industrial process an ideal process is simulated to establish a benchmark for pre-industrial and laboratory-scale processes. Perovskite is shown to be the most harmful layer of the carbon stack module because of the energy consumed in the preparation and annealing of the precursor solution, and not because of its Pb content. This work stresses the necessity of decreasing energy consumption during module preparation as the most effective way to reduce environmental impacts of perovskite solar cells. LCA of a pre-industrial process of a carbon stack perovskite module Laboratory, pre-industrial, and extrapolated ideal scenarios are compared The pre-industrial process shows a significant improvement in environmental impact Energy consumption is the main cause of the environmental impacts, not the Pb
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume-Adrià Alberola-Borràs
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Diseño (GID), Departament d'enginyeria mecànica i construcció, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain; SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Jenny A Baker
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Rosario Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería de Diseño (GID), Departament d'enginyeria mecànica i construcció, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
| | - David Beynon
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Katherine E A Hooper
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Trystan M Watson
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
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11
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Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made immense progress in recent years, owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, such as high extinction coefficient, carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy. Since the first appearance in 2009, the efficiency of PSCs has reached 23.3%. This has made them the most promising rival to silicon-based solar cells. However, there are still several issues to resolve to promote PSCs’ outdoor applications. In this review, three crucial aspects of PSCs, including high efficiency, environmental stability, and low-cost of PSCs, are described in detail. Recent in-depth studies on different aspects are also discussed for better understanding of these issues and possible solutions.
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Burkitt D, Searle J, Worsley DA, Watson T. Sequential Slot-Die Deposition of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Dimethylsulfoxide Lead Iodide Ink. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112106. [PMID: 30373145 PMCID: PMC6265966 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a sequential deposition of lead iodide followed by methylammonium iodide using the industrially compatible slot-die coating method that produces homogeneous pin-hole free films without the use of the highly toxic dimethylformamide. This is achieved through the careful selection and formulation of the solvent system and coating conditions for both the lead iodide layer and the methylammonium iodide coating. The solvent system choice is found to be critical to achieving good coating quality, conversion to the final perovskite and for the film morphology formed. A range of alcohols are assessed as solvent for methylammonium iodide formulations for use in slot-die coating. A dimethylsulfoxide solvent system for the lead iodide layer is shown which is significantly less toxic than the dimethylformamide solvent system commonly used for lead iodide deposition, which could find utility in high throughput manufacture of perovskite solar cells.
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