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Arora G, Sabran NS, Ng CY, Low FW, Jun H. Applications of carbon quantum dots in electrochemical energy storage devices. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35543. [PMID: 39166025 PMCID: PMC11334856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs), including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors, are esteemed for their high power density and attractive features such as robust safety, fast charging, low maintenance, and prolonged cycling lifespan, sparking significant interest. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent nanomaterials with small size, broad excitation spectrum, stable fluorescence, and adjustable emission wavelengths. They are widely used in optoelectronics, medical diagnostics, and energy storage due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, rich surface functional groups, abundant electron-hole pairs, large specific surface area, and tunable heteroatom doping. In this short review, we briefly discussed the advantages and disadvantages of bottom-up and top-down of CQD synthesis methods. The arc-discharge technique, laser ablation technique, plasma treatment, ultrasound synthesis technique, electrochemical technique, chemical exfoliation, and combustion are among the initial top-down approaches. The subsequent section delineates waste-derived and bottom-up methods, encompassing microwave synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, thermal pyrolysis, and the metal-organic framework template-assisted technique. In addition, this short review focuses on the operational mechanism of supercapacitors, their properties, and the utilization of CQDs in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishika Arora
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Nuur Syahidah Sabran
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Mobility Technologies, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Chai Yan Ng
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Foo Wah Low
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - H.K. Jun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Mobility Technologies, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
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Vyas T, Mehta A, Choudhary S, Gogoi M, Joshi A. Evaluation of phthalic acid tri-ethylene diamine (TED) and folic acid-based carbon quantum dots for the detection of heavy metals in water resources using fibre-optic instrumentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3533-3543. [PMID: 37248828 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution and toxicity from water resources have remained a great concern for the entire population. This research demonstrates the capability of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for fluorescence-based heavy metal detection in different water resources using a fibre-optic spectrometer device. Two different types of CQDs phthalic acid and triethylenediamine (PT CQDs) and Folic acid (FCQDs) were synthesized using microwave irradiation and hydrothermal method, respectively. CQDs were characterized using several techniques such as TEM, EDX, XPS and FTIR. PTCQD and FCQDs both were tested for sensing capability in water reservoirs like household and river water. The results indicate that both CQDs were able to detect all six heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Co2+, Mn3+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cr3+) tested in the study in the range of 0-100 µM. It was found that FCQDs show a three-fold higher sensitivity and greater resolution than PTCQDs for all the heavy metals samples. The CQDs' sensing capability shows that they can achieve a limit of detection in the range of 0.15-3 µM along with 100% accuracy in terms of recovery with minimal error, these results indicate that both CQDs have a tremendous potential to be used as a sensor for the detection of heavy metals even in complex water matrices. FCQDs show more sensitivity for all metals compared to PTCQDs and used in future as a sensing tool for heavy metal detection with better sensitivity and accuracy with less response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Vyas
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akshay Mehta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manashjit Gogoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Suherman S, Yoel AN, Suratman A, Mudasir M. Carbon Dots Modified Multi Dopants Nitrogen and Boron for an Early Detection of Lead in the Environment. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:71. [PMID: 38684523 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable optical properties and strong biocompatibility of carbon dots make them highly promising for applications in biochemical sensing and environmental testing. These carbon dots possess a surface that is easily modifiable. In this study, carbon dots have been successfully synthesized and modified by the addition of N and B dopants using the microwave method, along with the functionalization of their surface functional groups with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The maximum fluorescence intensity of N, B-CDs is observed at 462 nm when excited at a wavelength of 352 nm. N, B-CDs have a spherical size with a diameter ranging from 2 to 6 nm, confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectra and the presence of functional groups in the FT-IR absorption patterns. BSA-functionalized N, B-CDs as the fluorescent probe demonstrate great potential as a sensor for Pb(II) ions in water, with a very low detection limit of 1.05 µg/L. This research could contribute to the development of fluorescence nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suherman Suherman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathmematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos 21 BLS, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Andrian Nardus Yoel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathmematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos 21 BLS, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Adhitasari Suratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathmematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos 21 BLS, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mudasir Mudasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathmematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos 21 BLS, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Özge Alaş Çolak M, Güngör A, Akturk MB, Erdem E, Genç R. Unlocking the full potential of citric acid-synthesized carbon dots as a supercapacitor electrode material via surface functionalization. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:719-733. [PMID: 38086662 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04893d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
This research paper investigates the effect of functionalizing the surfaces of citric acid-synthesized carbon dots (CDs) with hyperbranched bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) polyester hydroxyl polymers (HBPs) on their performance as electrode materials in a supercapacitor. Two types of HBPs with 16 and 64 peripheral hydroxyl groups were used to functionalize the CDs' oxygen-enriched surface. Here, CDs were used as electrode materials for the first time in symmetric supercapacitors without a composite material, and how surface modification affects the capacitance performance of CDs was investigated. Our results showed that the functionalization of green-emitting CDs with HBP resulted in the successful passivation of surface defects, which improved their stability and prevented further oxidation. The CDs with HBP passivation exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, with a high specific capacitance of 32.08 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and good rate capability, indicating a faster ion transport rate at high current densities. Experimental EPR spectra of functionalized and non-functionalized CDs reveal distinct changes in g-factor values and line widths, confirming the impact of dangling bonds and spin-orbit interactions. The observed broader linewidth indicates a wider range of electron spin resonances due to energy-level splitting induced by spin-orbit coupling. The excellent electrochemical performance of CDs with HBP passivation can be attributed to the presence of oxygen-containing surface functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on their surfaces, which enhance the conductivity and charge transfer reactions. These results suggest that functionalization with polar HBPs is a promising strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of CDs in supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Özge Alaş Çolak
- Sabanci University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Güngör
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Buldu Akturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emre Erdem
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center and Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark Istanbul, Pendik, 34906, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rükan Genç
- Sabanci University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey
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Bosu S, Rajamohan N, Sagadevan S, Raut N. Biomass derived green carbon dots for sensing applications of effective detection of metallic contaminants in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140471. [PMID: 37871875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapid consumption of metals and unorganized disposal have led to unprecedented increases in heavy metal ion concentrations in the ecosystem, which disrupts environmental homeostasis and results in agricultural biodiversity loss. Mitigation and remediation plans for heavy metal pollution are largely dependent on the discovery of cost-effective, biocompatible, specific, and robust detectors because conventional methods involve sophisticated electronics and sample preparation procedures. Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant importance in sensing applications related to environmental sustainability. Fluorescence sensor applications have been enhanced by their distinctive spectral properties and the potential for developing efficient photonic devices. With the recent development of biomass-functionalized carbon dots, a wide spectrum of multivalent and bivalent transition metal ions responsible for water quality degradation can be detected with high efficiency and minimal toxicity. This review explores the various methods of manufacturing carbon dots and the biochemical mechanisms involved in metal detection using green carbon dots for sensing applications involving Cu (II), Fe (III), Hg (II), and Cr (VI) ions in aqueous systems. A detailed discussion of practical challenges and future recommendations is presented to identify feasible design routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrajit Bosu
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman.
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Raut
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
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Fiszka Borzyszkowska A, Sulowska A, Czaja P, Bielicka-Giełdoń A, Zekker I, Zielińska-Jurek A. ZnO-decorated green-synthesized multi-doped carbon dots from Chlorella pyrenoidosa for sustainable photocatalytic carbamazepine degradation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25529-25551. [PMID: 37636499 PMCID: PMC10450576 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was achieved using simple hydrothermal and microwave-assisted methods. Doping of nanomaterials by nonmetals (N, S, and P) was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the existence of metals in the CDs was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Mg, Ca, K, and Na were found as the dominant doped metals. The novel nanomaterials with excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties were used for the modification of ZnO obtained by a simple hydrothermal process. In this regard, a series of ZnO decorated with multi-doped carbon dots (xCDs) was prepared and their photocatalytic properties were evaluated. The ZnO-xCD photocatalysts were characterized by various advanced techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XPS, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), PL, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The photocatalytic behaviour of the obtained materials was investigated in the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). The influence of the synthesis method of xCDs and their content on the activity of the photocatalyst was examined. The photocatalyst ZnO modified with 3% xCDs obtained by the microwave-assisted method revealed the highest effectiveness for CBZ degradation and allowed for a first-order degradation rate of 2.85 times in comparison with non-modified ZnO. The improvement of the photocatalytic process was achieved by support with peroxymonosulphate resulting in up to 3.18 times a first order kinetic rate constant compared with that of simple photocatalysis in the presence of ZnO-xCDs. Taken together, our synthesized multi-doped CDs and their nanohybrids with ZnO, can be considered as promising candidates for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska
- Department of Processing Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
- EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sulowska
- Department of Processing Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Paweł Czaja
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences Reymonta 25 St Krakow Poland
| | | | - Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu 14a Ravila St. 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Anna Zielińska-Jurek
- Department of Processing Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
- EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
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Dechsri K, Suwanchawalit C, Chitropas P, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Pengnam S. Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of pH-Sensitive Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for the Controlled Release of Doxorubicin to Cancer Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:135. [PMID: 37308690 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) are a new type of interesting nanomaterials applied in various pharmaceutical fields due to their outstanding biocompatible properties. Novel pH-sensitive CNPs were rapidly synthesized within 1 min by microwave-assisted technique for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery into five cancer cell lines, including breast cancer (BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines), colon cancer (HCT and HT29 cell lines), and cervical cancer (HeLa cell lines). CNPs and DOX-loaded CNPs (CNPs-DOX) had nano-size of 11.66 ± 2.32 nm and 43.24 ± 13.25 nm, respectively. DOX could be self-assembled with CNPs in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 through electrostatic interaction, exhibiting high loading efficiency at 85.82%. The release of DOX from CNPs-DOX at pH 5.0, often observed in the tumor, was nearly two times greater than the release at physiological condition pH 7.4. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of CNPs-DOX was significantly enhanced compared to free DOX in five cancer cell lines. CNPs-DOX could induce cell death through apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-231 cells. The findings revealed that CNPs-DOX exhibited a promising pH-sensitive nano-system as a drug delivery carrier for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koranat Dechsri
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Cheewita Suwanchawalit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Padungkwan Chitropas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Supusson Pengnam
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Informatics, Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Arpita, Kumar P, Kataria N, Narwal N, Kumar S, Kumar R, Khoo KS, Show PL. Plastic Waste-Derived Carbon Dots: Insights of Recycling Valuable Materials Towards Environmental Sustainability. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:1-21. [PMID: 37362608 PMCID: PMC10214366 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as rising stars in the carbon family due to their diverse applications in various fields. CDs are spherical particles with a well-distributed size of less than 10 nm. Functional CDs are promising nanomaterials with low toxicity, low cost, and enormous applications in the field of bioimaging, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and sensing. Plastic is non-biodegradable and hazardous to the environment, however extremely durable and used in abundance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of plastic waste, particularly masks, goggles, face shields, and shoe cover, has increased tremendously. It needs to be recycled in a productive way as plastic wastes take hundreds or thousands of years to degrade naturally. The conversion of plastic waste into magnificent CDs has been reported as one of the key alternatives for environmental sustainability and socio-economic benefits. In this review, synthetic routes for the conversion of plastic wastes into CDs utilizing hydrothermal, solvothermal, pyrolysis, flash joule heating, and characterization of these CDs using different techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope, have been discussed. Furthermore, potential applications of these plastic-derived CDs in sensing, catalysis, agronomics, and LED lights are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Haryana 121006 Faridabad, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105, Chennai, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Gaurav A, Jain A, Tripathi SK. Review on Fluorescent Carbon/Graphene Quantum Dots: Promising Material for Energy Storage and Next-Generation Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7888. [PMID: 36431372 PMCID: PMC9695987 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon/graphene quantum dots are 0D fluorescent carbon materials with sizes ranging from 2 nm to around 50 nm, with some attractive properties and diverse applications. Different synthesis routes, bandgap variation, higher stability, low toxicity with tunable emission, and the variation of physical and chemical properties with change in size have drawn immense attention to its potential application in different optoelectronics-based materials, especially advanced light-emitting diodes and energy storage devices. WLEDs are a strong candidate for the future of solid-state lighting due to their higher luminance and luminous efficiency. High-performance batteries play an important part in terms of energy saving and storage. In this review article, the authors provide a comparative analysis of recent and ongoing advances in synthesis (top-down and bottom-up), properties, and wide applications in different kinds of next-generation light-emitting diodes such as WLEDs, and energy storage devices such as batteries (Li-B, Na-B) and supercapacitors. Furthermore, they discuss the potential applications and progress of carbon dots in battery applications such as electrode materials. The authors also summarise the developmental stages and challenges in the existing field, the state-of-the-art of carbon/graphene quantum dots, and the potential and possible solutions for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gaurav
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Amrita Jain
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Santosh Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, Bihar, India
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Carbon dots from eco-friendly precursors for optical sensing application: an up-to-date review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are zero-dimensional quasi-spherical nanoparticles endowed with excellent advantages including good luminescence features, photostability, low cytotoxicity, remarkable aqueous solubility, favourable biocompatibility, low risk to environment and great flexibility in surface modification. Fluorescent CDs that can selectively respond to specific inorganic/organic target molecules in environmental and biological samples are of prime significance amongst the new generation intelligent sensors due to the critical involvement of different ions/molecular species in not only human health, but also in environment processes. In this context, preparation of CDs from bioprecursors has immense significance due to the involvement of green principles, inexpensive, clean, nontoxic, easily accessible, renewable and large-scale production can be realized. This article aims at exploring different types of green raw materials including plant biomass, animal products, food items and waste materials as carbon sources for the synthesis of both undoped and doped CDs. The emphasis is given on different synthetic approaches adopted for improving the quantum yield without any chemical modification, the characterization techniques, mechanistic origin of photoluminescence and fluorescence response mechanisms involved in the sensing action towards various analytes. The significant benefits and limitations of CDs obtained from eco-friendly precursors through green approaches are summarized. Various challenges and the future prospects of these carbonaceous nanomaterials as sensors are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Irmawati R, Hashim HS, Ramdzan NSM, Fauzi NIM. A Review on Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application in Optical Sensor for Environmental Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142365. [PMID: 35889589 PMCID: PMC9321155 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbon dots (CDs), either using green or chemical precursors, has inevitably led to their wide range application, from bioimaging to optoelectronic devices. The reported precursors and properties of these CDs have opened new opportunities for the future development of high-quality CDs and applications. Green precursors were classified into fruits, vegetables, flowers, leaves, seeds, stem, crop residues, fungi/bacteria species, and waste products, while the chemical precursors were classified into acid reagents and non-acid reagents. This paper quickly reviews ten years of the synthesis of CDs using green and chemical precursors. The application of CDs as sensing materials in optical sensor techniques for environmental monitoring, including the detection of heavy metal ions, phenol, pesticides, and nitroaromatic explosives, was also discussed in this review. This profound review will offer knowledge for the upcoming community of researchers interested in synthesizing high-quality CDs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramli Irmawati
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaila Hashim
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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12
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Pricilla RB, Skoda D, Urbanek P, Urbanek M, Suly P, Domincova Bergerova E, Kuritka I. Unravelling the highly efficient synthesis of individual carbon nanodots from casein micelles and the origin of their competitive constant-blue-red wavelength shift luminescence mechanism for versatile applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16277-16290. [PMID: 35733696 PMCID: PMC9157532 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of casein-derived carbon nanodots (CND) using a microwave-assisted approach, giving a high product yield (25%), is reported. Casein was used as a sustainable carbon source, and polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer for the nanodots. The size of the prepared amorphous CND corresponds to individual casein coils, which were only partially carbonized. They were obtained due to the disintegration of casein micelles and submicelles within the microwave-assisted solvothermal process. The resulting nanodots had bright photoluminescence, and their electronic structure and optical properties were investigated. A novel competitive model of their luminescence mechanism was introduced to explain a phenomenon beyond the standard models. The synthesized carbon nanodots were used as luminescent ink for anticounterfeit applications. A polymer matrix nanocomposite was prepared by dispersing the nanodots in a flexible and robust poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) tri-block copolymer (SEBS) using the solution cast method. For the first time, the effect of CND on the luminescence and mechanical properties of the SEBS/CND self-supporting films was studied. The film was also studied as a phosphor for light-emitting diodes, with a unique experimental setup to avoid self-absorption, which results in low efficiency and eliminates the excess UV transmitted. Because of their high luminescence, photostability, and mechanical properties, these CND could be used as luminescent labels in the packaging and optoelectronics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blessy Pricilla
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - David Skoda
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Domincova Bergerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuritka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
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13
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Delgado-Martín J, Delgado-Olidén A, Velasco L. Carbon Dots Boost dsRNA Delivery in Plants and Increase Local and Systemic siRNA Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5338. [PMID: 35628147 PMCID: PMC9141514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we obtained carbon dots from glucose or saccharose as the nucleation source and passivated them with branched polyethylenimines for developing dsRNA nanocomposites. The CDs were fully characterized using hydrodynamic analyses, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ζ potential determined that the CDs had positive charges, good electrophoretic mobility and conductivity, and were suitable for obtaining dsRNA nanocomposites. DsRNA naked or coated with the CDs were delivered to leaves of cucumber plants by spraying. Quantitation of the dsRNA that entered the leaves showed that when coated with the CDs, 50-fold more dsRNA was detected than when naked dsRNA. Moreover, specific siRNAs derived from the sprayed dsRNAs were 13 times more abundant when the dsRNA was coated with the CDs. Systemic dsRNAs were determined in distal leaves and showed a dramatic increase in concentration when delivered as a nanocomposite. Similarly, systemic siRNAs were significantly more abundant in distal leaves when spraying with the CD-dsRNA nanocomposite. Furthermore, FITC-labeled dsRNA was shown to accumulate in the apoplast and increase its entry into the plant when coated with CDs. These results indicate that CDs obtained by hydrothermal synthesis are suitable for dsRNA foliar delivery in RNAi plant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josemaría Delgado-Martín
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
- Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejo Delgado-Olidén
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria (IFAPA), Churriana, 290140 Malaga, Spain; (J.D.-M.); (A.D.-O.)
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14
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Jung H, Sapner VS, Adhikari A, Sathe BR, Patel R. Recent Progress on Carbon Quantum Dots Based Photocatalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:881495. [PMID: 35548671 PMCID: PMC9081694 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.881495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel carbon allotrope, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been investigated in various fields, including photocatalysis, bioimaging, optoelectronics, energy and photovoltaic devices, biosensing, and drug delivery owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. In particular, CQDs' excellent sunlight harvesting ability, tunable photoluminescence (PL), up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL), and efficient photo-excited electron transfer have enabled their applications in photocatalysis. This work focuses on the recent progress on CQDs-related materials' synthesis, properties, and applications in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwapyung Jung
- Nano Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Vijay S. Sapner
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bhaskar R. Sathe
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
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15
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Behi M, Gholami L, Naficy S, Palomba S, Dehghani F. Carbon dots: a novel platform for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:353-376. [PMID: 36132691 PMCID: PMC9419304 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recently synthesised class of carbon-based nanostructures known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, which have drawn a great deal of attention owing to their distinctive features, which encompass optical properties (e.g., photoluminescence), ease of passivation, low cost, simple synthetic route, accessibility of precursors and other properties. These newly synthesised nano-sized materials can replace traditional semiconductor quantum dots, which exhibit significant toxicity drawbacks and higher cost. It is demonstrated that their involvement in diverse areas of chemical and bio-sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and light-emitting devices consider them as flawless and potential candidates for biomedical application. In this review, we provide a classification of CDs within their extended families, an overview of the different methods of CDs preparation, especially from natural sources, i.e., environmentally friendly and their unique photoluminescence properties, thoroughly describing the peculiar aspects of their applications in the biomedical field, where we think they will thrive as the next generation of quantum emitters. We believe that this review covers a niche that was not reviewed by other similar publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Behi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Stefano Palomba
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
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16
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Mansuriya BD, Altintas Z. Carbon Dots: Classification, Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Health Care-An Updated Review (2018-2021). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2525. [PMID: 34684966 PMCID: PMC8541690 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are usually smaller than 10 nm in size, and are meticulously formulated and recently introduced nanomaterials, among the other types of carbon-based nanomaterials. They have gained significant attention and an incredible interest in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical science, which is merely due to their considerable and exclusive attributes; including their enhanced electron transferability, photobleaching and photo-blinking effects, high photoluminescent quantum yield, fluorescence property, resistance to photo-decomposition, increased electrocatalytic activity, good aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, long-term chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, negligible toxicity, and acquaintance of large effective surface area-to-volume ratio. CDs can be readily functionalized owing to the abundant functional groups on their surfaces, and they also exhibit remarkable sensing features such as specific, selective, and multiplex detectability. In addition, the physico-chemical characteristics of CDs can be easily tunable based on their intended usage or application. In this comprehensive review article, we mainly discuss the classification of CDs, their ideal properties, their general synthesis approaches, and primary characterization techniques. More importantly, we update the readers about the recent trends of CDs in health care applications (viz., their substantial and prominent role in the area of electrochemical and optical biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, as well as in photodynamic/photothermal therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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17
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Sargin I, Karakurt S, Alkan S, Arslan G. Live Cell Imaging With Biocompatible Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots Derived From Edible Mushrooms Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Suillus luteus. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1461-1473. [PMID: 34279764 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the study, fluorescent imaging of live cells was performed using fluorescent carbon quantum dots derived from edible mushrooms species; Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Suillus luteus as a fluorophore agent. Carbon quantum dots were synthesized through a facile and low-cost method based on microwave irradiation of dried mushroom samples in hydrogen peroxide solution under optimized conditions (microwave energy, solution type, duration of microwave treatment, amount of mushroom). Upon purification with centrifugation, microfiltration, and dialysis, the lyophilized carbon quantum dots were identified through UV-visible, fluorescence and FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and quantum yield calculation. Cell viability assessment of the carbon quantum dots was evaluated against human epithelial cell line PNT1A using the Alamar Blue Assay. In vitro fluorescence cell imaging studies demonstrated that the carbon dots could dynamically penetrate the cell membrane and nuclear membrane and localize in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Sargin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sinan Alkan
- Cumra Colloge of Applied Sciences, Selcuk University, 42500, Cumra, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsin Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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18
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Blue-emitting carbon quantum dots: Ultrafast microwave synthesis, purification and strong fluorescence in organic solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Ahmed HB, Abualnaja KM, Ghareeb RY, Ibrahim AA, Abdelsalam NR, Emam HE. Technical textiles modified with immobilized carbon dots synthesized with infrared assistance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:15-29. [PMID: 34261016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots "CQDs" were investigated as photo-luminescent nanomaterials as it advantageous with nontoxicity to be alternative for metallic-nanomaterials in different purposes. Therefore, the presented report demonstrates an innovative strategy for industrialization of antimicrobial/fluorescent cotton textiles via exploitation of "CQDs". Unique/novel infrared-assisted technique was currently investigated for clustering "CQDs" form carboxymethyl cellulose. The successive nucleation of "CQDs" (8.0 nm) was affirmed via infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, TEM and Zeta-potential analysis. The clustered "CQDs" showed antimicrobial and fluorescent characters. The minimal inhibition concentration for "CQDs" (100 mg/mL) against E. coli and C. albicans showed pathogenic reduction of 96% and 82%, respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra for "CQDs" showed two intense peaks at 415-445 nm. "CQDs" were loaded upon pristine and cationized cotton to prepare CQDs@cotton and CQDs@cationized cotton. While, their physical/mechanical properties (air and water vapor permeabilities, tensile strength and elongation %) and thermal stability (TGA & DTG analysis) were studied. The CQDs@cationized cotton exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with good durability as after ten repretitive washings, inhibition zone diameter against E. coli, was diminished from 21.0 mm to 14.0 mm. The fluorescent emmision intensity was diminished from 741 to 287 after 10 washing cycles. The produced cotton fabrics could be safely used in the medical and military textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Khamael M Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira A Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Air Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, 21531, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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20
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Stachowska JD, Murphy A, Mellor C, Fernandes D, Gibbons EN, Krysmann MJ, Kelarakis A, Burgaz E, Moore J, Yeates SG. A rich gallery of carbon dots based photoluminescent suspensions and powders derived by citric acid/urea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10554. [PMID: 34006934 PMCID: PMC8131706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate simple guidelines to generate a diverse range of fluorescent materials in both liquid and solid state by focusing on the most popular C-dots precursors, i.e. the binary systems of citric acid and urea. The pyrolytic treatment of those precursors combined with standard size separation techniques (dialysis and filtration), leads to four distinct families of photoluminescent materials in which the emissive signal predominantly arises from C-dots with embedded fluorophores, cyanuric acid-rich C-dots, a blend of molecular fluorophores and a mixture of C-dots with unbound molecular fluorophores, respectively. Within each one of those families the chemical composition and the optical properties of their members can be fine-tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of the reactants. Apart from generating a variety of aqueous dispersions, our approach leads to highly fluorescent powders derived from precursors comprising excessive amounts of urea that is consumed for the build-up of the carbogenic cores, the molecular fluorophores and the solid diluent matrix that suppresses self-quenching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Stachowska
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Andrew Murphy
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Claire Mellor
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Malvern Panalytical, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, UK
| | - Ella N Gibbons
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Marta J Krysmann
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Antonios Kelarakis
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR12HE, UK.
| | - Engin Burgaz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Joshua Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen G Yeates
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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21
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Hou J, Qin J, Pang H, Gao X, Sun T, Li B. N,S-co-doped carbon dots for rapid acid test paper and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41332-41335. [PMID: 35516568 PMCID: PMC9057811 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent N,S-CDs with a quantum yield of 37.8% were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal method. Detailed characterizations on physical, chemical and optical properties have been investigated. N,S-CDs demonstrated remarkably quenched and enhanced fluorescence in acidic and basic media. Direct qualitative analysis in pH sensor and cell imaging were preliminarily studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry Engineering, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Hongyu Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Tiedong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University 26 Hexing Road Harbin 150040 PR China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry Engineering, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 PR China
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22
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Mucha SG, Firlej L, Bantignies JL, Żak A, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Acetone-derived luminescent polymer dots: a facile and low-cost synthesis leads to remarkable photophysical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38437-38445. [PMID: 35517521 PMCID: PMC9057305 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based dots have been attracting much attention as potentially superior alternatives to more conventional semiconductor nanoparticles, due to their fascinating optical properties, chemical and photochemical stability, unique environmental-friendliness, and the versatility of fabrication routes. Many commercial materials and organic compounds have been considered so far as carbon precursors but in many cases the fabrication required high-temperature conditions or led to inhomogeneous final products. Here we report on a simple low-cost synthesis of non-conjugated carbon-rich polymer dots (PDs) that uses acetone as carbon precursor. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions of PDs were obtained, with the respective average diameters of 2–4 nm and ca. 6 nm. The as-obtained PDs reveal greenish-blue photoluminescence (PL) and high quantum yields (∼5–7%) and complex kinetics of the decays with the average lifetime of ∼3.5 ns. Such luminescent acetone-derived PDs may find application in several fields, including sensing and bioimaging. Acetone-derived polymer dots (PDs) have been fabricated, according to a base-mediated synthesis route at room temperature. As-obtained hydrophobic and hydrophilic PDs revealed a strong greenish-blue emission due to the crosslink-enhanced effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Mucha
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Lucyna Firlej
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Jean-Louis Bantignies
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
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23
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Muktha H, Sharath R, Kottam N, Smrithi SP, Samrat K, Ankitha P. Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Evaluation of Its Pharmacological Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Tammina SK, Wan Y, Li Y, Yang Y. Synthesis of N, Zn-doped carbon dots for the detection of Fe3+ ions and bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 202:111734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Tammina SK, Yang D, Li X, Koppala S, Yang Y. High photoluminescent nitrogen and zinc doped carbon dots for sensing Fe 3+ ions and temperature. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117141. [PMID: 31247390 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High photoluminescent quantum yield carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms are of profound attention in various fields like bio-imaging, chemical sensors and electronics. Among all heteroatoms, zinc is one of the low toxic significant elements and also involves in various electron-transfer processes. These properties are added advantages to utilize zinc as a dopant in CDs synthesis. In this investigation, our group reports a one-step microwave digestion method to synthesize nitrogen and Zinc doped carbon dots (N, Zn-CDs). The optical properties of N, Zn-CDs were investigated using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry and also the N, Zn-CDs structural features were studied with other characterization tools like XPS, TEM, EDX, FTIR and XRD. N, Zn-CDs inherent the appreciable photoluminescent quantum yields about 63.28%. And the synthesized N, Zn-CDs utilized for detection of Fe3+ and temperature. The observed results are promising and exhibited the detection limit of 0.027 μM. Also, the proposed sensing system was successfully adopted for the detection of Fe3+ in the river and circulating water samples for the practical applications and satisfactory results are observed. The current synthesis methodology and sensing potential might open up a new prospect to develop potential applications in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumar Tammina
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Sivasankar Koppala
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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Wang X, Feng Y, Dong P, Huang J. A Mini Review on Carbon Quantum Dots: Preparation, Properties, and Electrocatalytic Application. Front Chem 2019; 7:671. [PMID: 31637234 PMCID: PMC6787169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a new form of nanocarbon materials which have gained widespread attention in recent years, especially in chemical sensor, bioimaging, nanomedicine, solar cells, light-emitting diode (LED), and electrocatalysis. CQDs can be prepared simply and inexpensively by multiple techniques, such as the arc-discharge method, microwave pyrolysis, hydrothermal method, and electrochemical synthesis. CQDs show excellent physical and chemical properties like high crystallization, good dispersibility, photoluminescence properties. In particular, the small size, superconductivity, and rapid electron transfer of CQDs endow the CQDs-based composite with improved electric conductivity and catalytic activity. Besides, CQDs have abundant functional groups on the surface which could facilitate the preparation of multi-component electrical active catalysts. The interactions inside these multi-component catalysts may further enhance the catalytic performance by promoting charge transfer which plays an important role in electrochemistry. Most recent researches on CQDs have focused on their fluorescence characteristics and photocatalytic properties. This review will summarize the primary advances of CQDs in the synthetic methods, excellent physical and electronic properties, and application in electrocatalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reduction (HER), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) is the newest member of carbon-based nanomaterials and one of the most promising for the development of new, advanced applications. Owing to their unique and unparalleled physicochemical and photoluminescent properties, they are considered to be a rising star among nanomaterials. During the last decade, many applications have been developed based on CNDs. Among others, they have been used as bioimaging agents to label cells and tissues. In this review, we will discuss the advancements in the applications of CNDs in in the field of imaging, in all types of organisms (i.e., prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and animals). Selective imaging of one type of cells over another, imaging of (bio)molecules inside cells and tumor-targeting imaging are some of the studies that will be discussed hereafter. We hope that this review will assist researchers with obtaining a holistic view of the developed applications and hit on new ideas so that more advanced applications can be developed in the near future.
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Janus Ł, Piątkowski M, Radwan-Pragłowska J, Bogdał D, Matysek D. Chitosan-Based Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E274. [PMID: 30781452 PMCID: PMC6409624 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development in medicine and pharmacy has created a need for novel biomaterials with advanced properties such as photoluminescence, biocompability and long-term stability. The following research deals with the preparation of novel types of N-doped chitosan-based carbon quantum dots. Nanomaterials were obtained with simultaneous nitrogen-doping using biocompatible amino acids according to Green Chemistry principles. For the carbon quantum dots synthesis chitosan was used as a raw material known for its biocompability. The nanomaterials obtained in the form of lyophilic colloids were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrofluorimetric methods. Their quantum yields were determined. Additionally the cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials was evaluated by XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt) method. Our results confirmed the formation of biocompatible quantum dots with carbon cores exhibiting luminescence in visible range. Performed studies showed that modification with lysine (11.5%) and glutamic acid (7.4%) had a high impact on quantum yield, whereas functionalization with amino acids rich in S and N atoms did not significantly increase in fluorescence properties. XTT assays as well as morphological studies on human dermal fibroblasts confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials. The study shows chitosan-based quantum dots to be promising for biomedical applications such as cell labelling, diagnostics or controlled drug delivery and release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janus
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Julia Radwan-Pragłowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Bogdał
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Dalibor Matysek
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Clean Technologies for Mining and Utilization of Raw Materials for Energy Use, Ostrava 70800, Czechia.
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Liang Y, Xu L, Qu F, Tang K, Wang H, Yu WW. A silicone polymer modified by fluoranthene groups as a new approach for detecting nitroaromatic compounds. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, fluoranthene-modified polysiloxane (FMPS) was synthesized via the Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
- Weihai New Era Chemical CO
| | - Lingxia Xu
- College of Biotechnology
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tang
- College of Biotechnology
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Louisiana State University
- Shreveport
- USA
| | - William W. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Louisiana State University
- Shreveport
- USA
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