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Ledesma DT, Scarpetta SG, Jacisin JJ, Meza A, Kemp ME. Identification of Late Pleistocene and Holocene fossil lizards from Hall's Cave (Kerr County, Texas) and a primer on morphological variation in North American lizard skulls. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308714. [PMID: 39146299 PMCID: PMC11326655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fossil identification practices have a profound effect on our interpretation of the past because these identifications form the basis for downstream analyses. Therefore, well-supported fossil identifications are necessary for examining the impact of past environmental changes on populations and communities. Here we apply an apomorphic identification framework in a case study identifying fossil lizard remains from Hall's Cave, a late Quaternary fossil site located in Central Texas, USA. We present images and descriptions of a broad comparative sample of North American lizard cranial elements and compile new and previously reported apomorphic characters for identifying fossil lizards. Our fossil identifications from Hall's Cave resulted in a minimum of 11 lizard taxa, including five lizard taxa previously unknown from the site. Most of the identified fossil lizard taxa inhabit the area around Hall's Cave today, but we reinforce the presence of an extirpated species complex of horned lizard. A main goal of this work is to establish a procedure for making well-supported fossil lizard identifications across North America. The data from this study will assist researchers endeavoring to identify fossil lizards, increasing the potential for novel discoveries related to North American lizards and facilitating more holistic views of ancient faunal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Ledesma
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Simon G Scarpetta
- Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - John J Jacisin
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonio Meza
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa E Kemp
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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2
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Guiry E, Kennedy JR, Malcom C, Miller M, Hall O, Buckley M, Szpak P. Archaeological evidence for long-term human impacts on sea turtle foraging behaviour. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240120. [PMID: 39021767 PMCID: PMC11253035 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Early conservation efforts to prevent the loss of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Caribbean Sea jumpstarted marine habitat and biodiversity protection. However, even there, limitations on historical observations of turtle ecology have hampered efforts to contextualize foraging behaviours for conservation management. We integrate isotopic and zooarchaeological evidence from green sea turtles harvested at the Miskito Cays (Nicaragua) to assess foraging behaviour before and after a step change in harvesting intensity. Highly structured isotopic evidence shows greater foraging adaptability in earlier populations. This provides a counterpoint to recent synthesis, suggesting the ecological non-exchangeability of sea turtles, which complicates conservation planning focused on genetic-stock-based repopulation. In contrast, our results suggest future populations would have a capacity for higher degrees of ecological exchangeability than current perspectives allow. This highlights a need to consider the kinds of longer term perspectives, such as those offered by archaeological materials, when planning for future sea turtle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guiry
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, OntarioK9L 0G2, Canada
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Mayor’s Walk, LeicesterLE1 7RH, UK
| | - J. Ryan Kennedy
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN47405, USA
| | - Corey Malcom
- Florida Keys History Center, 700 Fleming Street, Key West, FL33040, USA
| | - Mariah Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, OntarioK9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Olivia Hall
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, OntarioK9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Michael Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM17 DN, UK
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, OntarioK9L 0G2, Canada
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3
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Taniguchi K, Miyaguchi H. COL1A2 Barcoding: Bone Species Identification via Shotgun Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:377-385. [PMID: 38091499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Species identification of fragmentary bones remains a challenging task in archeology and forensics. A species identification method for such fragmentary bones that has recently attracted interest is the use of bone collagen proteins. Here, we describe a method similar to DNA barcoding that reads collagen protein sequences in bone and automatically determines the species by performing sequence database searches. The method is almost identical to conventional shotgun proteomics analysis of bone samples, except that the database used by the SEQUEST search engine consisted only of entries for collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2) proteins from various vertebrates. Accordingly, the COL1A2 peptides that differ in sequence among species act as species marker peptides. In SEQUEST-based shotgun proteomics, the protein entries that contain more marker peptide sequences are assigned higher scores; therefore, the highest-scoring protein entry will be the COL1A2 entry for the species from which the analyzed bone was derived. We tested our method using bone samples from 30 vertebrate species and found that all species were correctly identified. In conclusion, COL1A2 can be used as a bone protein barcode and can be read through shotgun proteomics, allowing for automatic bone species identification. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD045402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Taniguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Mylopotamitaki D, Harking FS, Taurozzi AJ, Fagernäs Z, Godinho RM, Smith GM, Weiss M, Schüler T, McPherron SP, Meller H, Cascalheira J, Bicho N, Olsen JV, Hublin JJ, Welker F. Comparing extraction method efficiency for high-throughput palaeoproteomic bone species identification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18345. [PMID: 37884544 PMCID: PMC10603084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput proteomic analysis of archaeological skeletal remains provides information about past fauna community compositions and species dispersals in time and space. Archaeological skeletal remains are a finite resource, however, and therefore it becomes relevant to optimize methods of skeletal proteome extraction. Ancient proteins in bone specimens can be highly degraded and consequently, extraction methods for well-preserved or modern bone might be unsuitable for the processing of highly degraded skeletal proteomes. In this study, we compared six proteomic extraction methods on Late Pleistocene remains with variable levels of proteome preservation. We tested the accuracy of species identification, protein sequence coverage, deamidation, and the number of post-translational modifications per method. We find striking differences in obtained proteome complexity and sequence coverage, highlighting that simple acid-insoluble proteome extraction methods perform better in highly degraded contexts. For well-preserved specimens, the approach using EDTA demineralization and protease-mix proteolysis yielded a higher number of identified peptides. The protocols presented here allowed protein extraction from ancient bone with a minimum number of working steps and equipment and yielded protein extracts within three working days. We expect further development along this route to benefit large-scale screening applications of relevance to archaeological and human evolution research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Mylopotamitaki
- Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, Paris, France.
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Florian S Harking
- Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Zandra Fagernäs
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo M Godinho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Geoff M Smith
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - Marcel Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Schüler
- Thuringian State Office for the Preservation of Historical Monuments and Archaeology, Weimar, Germany
| | - Shannon P McPherron
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt-State Museum of Prehistory, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - João Cascalheira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bicho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Chaire de Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, Paris, France
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frido Welker
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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de Kock W, Mackie M, Ramsøe M, Allentoft ME, Broderick AC, Haywood JC, Godley BJ, Snape RTE, Bradshaw PJ, Genz H, von Tersch M, Dee MW, Palsbøll PJ, Alexander M, Taurozzi AJ, Çakırlar C. Threatened North African seagrass meadows have supported green turtle populations for millennia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220747120. [PMID: 37459551 PMCID: PMC10372671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220747120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
"Protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity" is the second official aim of the current UN Ocean Decade (2021 to 2030) calling for the identification and protection of critical marine habitats. However, data to inform policy are often lacking altogether or confined to recent times, preventing the establishment of long-term baselines. The unique insights gained from combining bioarchaeology (palaeoproteomics, stable isotope analysis) with contemporary data (from satellite tracking) identified habitats which sea turtles have been using in the Eastern Mediterranean over five millennia. Specifically, our analysis of archaeological green turtle (Chelonia mydas) bones revealed that they likely foraged on the same North African seagrass meadows as their modern-day counterparts. Here, millennia-long foraging habitat fidelity has been directly demonstrated, highlighting the significance (and long-term dividends) of protecting these critical coastal habitats that are especially vulnerable to global warming. We highlight the potential for historical ecology to inform policy in safeguarding critical marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien de Kock
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, 9712ERGroningen, Netherlands
- Marine Evolution and Conservation Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747AGGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Meaghan Mackie
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 1353Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Max Ramsøe
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 1353Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia6102, Australia
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annette C. Broderick
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Julia C. Haywood
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan J. Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Robin T. E. Snape
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, Nicosia99150, North Cyprus
| | - Phil J. Bradshaw
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Genz
- Department of History and Archaeology, American University of Beirut, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Matthew von Tersch
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Dee
- Centre for Isotope Research, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747AGGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Per J. Palsbøll
- Marine Evolution and Conservation Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747AGGroningen, Netherlands
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA02657
| | - Michelle Alexander
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto J. Taurozzi
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 1353Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Canan Çakırlar
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen, 9712ERGroningen, Netherlands
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6
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Dekker J, Larson T, Tzvetkov J, Harvey VL, Dowle A, Hagan R, Genever P, Schrader S, Soressi M, Hendy J. Spatial analysis of the ancient proteome of archeological teeth using mass spectrometry imaging. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9486. [PMID: 36735645 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proteins extracted from archaeological bone and teeth are utilised for investigating the phylogeny of extinct and extant species, the biological sex and age of past individuals, as well as ancient health and physiology. However, variable preservation of proteins in archaeological materials represents a major challenge. METHODS To better understand the spatial distribution of ancient proteins preserved within teeth, we applied matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for the first time to bioarchaeological samples to visualise the intensity of proteins in archaeological teeth thin sections. We specifically explored the spatial distribution of four proteins (collagen type I, of which the chains alpha-1 and alpha-2, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, haemoglobin subunit alpha and myosin light polypeptide 6). RESULTS We successfully identified ancient proteins in archaeological teeth thin sections using mass spectrometry imaging. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD038114. However, we observed that peptides did not always follow our hypotheses for their spatial distribution, with distinct differences observed in the spatial distribution of several proteins, and occasionally between peptides of the same protein. CONCLUSIONS While it remains unclear what causes these differences in protein intensity distribution within teeth, as revealed by MALDI-MSI in this study, we have demonstrated that MALDI-MSI can be successfully applied to mineralised bioarchaeological tissues to detect ancient peptides. In future applications, this technique could be particularly fruitful not just for understanding the preservation of proteins in a range of archaeological materials, but making informed decisions on sampling strategies and the targeting of key proteins of archaeological and biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannes Dekker
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Section for GeoBiology, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tony Larson
- Metabolomics & Proteomics Laboratory, Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Virginia L Harvey
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Adam Dowle
- Metabolomics & Proteomics Laboratory, Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard Hagan
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sarah Schrader
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Soressi
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Hendy
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
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7
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Abstract
Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics research leverages the longevity and diversity of proteins to explore fundamental questions about the past. While its origins predate the characterization of DNA, it was only with the advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry that the study of ancient proteins became truly feasible. Technological gains over the past 20 years have allowed increasing opportunities to better understand preservation, degradation, and recovery of the rich bioarchive of ancient proteins found in the archaeological and paleontological records. Growing from a handful of studies in the 1990s on individual highly abundant ancient proteins, paleoproteomics today is an expanding field with diverse applications ranging from the taxonomic identification of highly fragmented bones and shells and the phylogenetic resolution of extinct species to the exploration of past cuisines from dental calculus and pottery food crusts and the characterization of past diseases. More broadly, these studies have opened new doors in understanding past human-animal interactions, the reconstruction of past environments and environmental changes, the expansion of the hominin fossil record through large scale screening of nondiagnostic bone fragments, and the phylogenetic resolution of the vertebrate fossil record. Even with these advances, much of the ancient proteomic record still remains unexplored. Here we provide an overview of the history of the field, a summary of the major methods and applications currently in use, and a critical evaluation of current challenges. We conclude by looking to the future, for which innovative solutions and emerging technology will play an important role in enabling us to access the still unexplored "dark" proteome, allowing for a fuller understanding of the role ancient proteins can play in the interpretation of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kristine Korzow Richter
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- Department
of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom
- Section
for Evolutionary Genomics, Globe Institute,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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8
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Dierickx K, Presslee S, Hagan R, Oueslati T, Harland J, Hendy J, Orton D, Alexander M, Harvey VL. Peptide mass fingerprinting of preserved collagen in archaeological fish bones for the identification of flatfish in European waters. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220149. [PMID: 35911190 PMCID: PMC9326269 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bones of Pleuronectiformes (flatfish) are often not identified to species due to the lack of diagnostic features on bones that allow adequate distinction between taxa. This hinders in-depth understanding of archaeological fish assemblages and particularly flatfish fisheries throughout history. This is especially true for the North Sea region, where several commercially significant species have been exploited for centuries, yet their archaeological remains continue to be understudied. In this research, eight peptide biomarkers for 18 different species of Pleuronectiformes from European waters are described using MALDI-TOF MS and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry data obtained from modern reference specimens. Bone samples (n = 202) from three archaeological sites in the UK and France dating to the medieval period (ca seventh-sixteenth century CE) were analysed using zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS). Of the 201 that produced good quality spectra, 196 were identified as flatfish species, revealing a switch in targeted species through time and indicating that ZooMS offers a more reliable and informative approach for species identification than osteological methods alone. We recommend this approach for future studies of archaeological flatfish remains as the precise species uncovered from a site can tell much about the origin of the fish, where people fished and whether they traded between regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Dierickx
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Samantha Presslee
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Richard Hagan
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Tarek Oueslati
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer Harland
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
- Archaeology Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Kirkwall, UK
| | - Jessica Hendy
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - David Orton
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Michelle Alexander
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Virginia L. Harvey
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, UK
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9
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Bochaton C. Archaeological occurrences of terrestrial herpetofauna in the insular Caribbean: cultural and biological significance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220256. [PMID: 35845849 PMCID: PMC9277263 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of the archaeological record for addressing questions of biodiversity is gaining ground, its relevance for describing past faunal communities is still under-exploited, particularly for the most under-documented areas and species. Among the most poorly documented taxa are reptiles and amphibians, which are rarely studied in detail in the archaeological record, even in tropical areas where most of these species occur today. Here I evaluate the archaeological and paleontological significance of reptiles and amphibians from the Indigenous archaeological record of the insular Caribbean. Quantitative (bone counts) and qualitative (taxonomic identification) analyses allow researchers to discuss the role of herpetofauna in the subsistence strategies of Indigenous populations as well as their interest for assessing past insular biodiversity. This overview sheds light on both the poor representation of herpetofaunal taxa in Caribbean archaeological deposits and trends in the potential exploitation of reptiles and amphibians by Indigenous populations. In terms of paleoecology, the presented results reveal strong regional differences in the quality and density of data as well as the inadequacy of available archaeofaunal data for addressing questions of past biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bochaton
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- PACEA – UMR CNRS 5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33 615 Pessac Cedex, France
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10
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In Support of Sustainability: The Historical Ecology of Vertebrate Biodiversity and Native American Harvest Practices in the Florida Keys, USA. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The Florida Keys are currently experiencing unprecedented loss of lifeways, biodiversity, and cultural heritage due to sea-level rise, catastrophic storm events, unsustainable traditions of resource exploitation, and land development. Yet, these islands have a long history of human occupation and socioecological systems underlying their current sustainability crisis that date back at least 2500 years. Here we report early results of ongoing zooarchaeological research from Upper Matecumbe Key designed to explore anthropogenic engagement with vertebrate fauna between AD 800 and 1250, providing an approximately 500-year window on marine fisheries and terrestrial faunal harvesting for this small island archipelago. Focusing on one of the few remaining, nearly intact Native American archaeological sites in the region, our research contributes to critically needed long-term anthropogenic perspectives on harvest patterns relevant to regional biodiversity conservation and sustainability initiatives.
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11
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Abstract
Collagen peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, also known as zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS), is a rapidly growing analytical technique in the fields of archaeology, ecology, and cultural heritage. Minimally destructive and cost effective, ZooMS enables rapid taxonomic identification of large bone assemblages, cultural heritage objects, and other organic materials of animal origin. As its importance grows as both a research and a conservation tool, it is critical to ensure that its expanding body of users understands its fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations. Here, we outline the basic functionality of ZooMS and provide guidance on interpreting collagen spectra from archaeological bones. We further examine the growing potential of applying ZooMS to nonmammalian assemblages, discuss available options for minimally and nondestructive analyses, and explore the potential for peptide mass fingerprinting to be expanded to noncollagenous proteins. We describe the current limitations of the method regarding accessibility, and we propose solutions for the future. Finally, we review the explosive growth of ZooMS over the past decade and highlight the remarkably diverse applications for which the technique is suited.
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12
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Abstract
Archaeological and paleontological records offer tremendous yet often untapped potential for examining long-term biodiversity trends and the impact of climate change and human activity on ecosystems. Yet, zooarchaeological and fossil remains suffer various limitations, including that they are often highly fragmented and morphologically unidentifiable, preventing them from being optimally leveraged for addressing fundamental research questions in archaeology, paleontology, and conservation paleobiology. Here, we explore the potential of palaeoproteomics—the study of ancient proteins—to serve as a critical tool for creating richer, more informative datasets about biodiversity change that can be leveraged to generate more realistic, constructive, and effective conservation and restoration strategies into the future.
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13
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Peters C, Richter KK, Manne T, Dortch J, Paterson A, Travouillon K, Louys J, Price GJ, Petraglia M, Crowther A, Boivin N. Species identification of Australian marsupials using collagen fingerprinting. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211229. [PMID: 34729210 PMCID: PMC8548793 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of faunal remains from archaeological sites is often complicated by the presence of large numbers of highly fragmented, morphologically unidentifiable bones. In Australia, this is the combined result of harsh preservation conditions and frequent scavenging by marsupial carnivores. The collagen fingerprinting method known as zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) offers a means to address these challenges and improve identification rates of fragmented bones. Here, we present novel ZooMS peptide markers for 24 extant marsupial and monotreme species that allow for genus-level distinctions between these species. We demonstrate the utility of these new peptide markers by using them to taxonomically identify bone fragments from a nineteenth-century colonial-era pearlshell fishery at Bandicoot Bay, Barrow Island. The suite of peptide biomarkers presented in this study, which focus on a range of ecologically and culturally important species, have the potential to significantly amplify the zooarchaeological and paleontological record of Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli Peters
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Tiina Manne
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4071, Australia
| | - Joe Dortch
- School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair Paterson
- School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kenny Travouillon
- Western Australian Museum, Collections and Research, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Gilbert J. Price
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4071, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alison Crowther
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4071, Australia
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4071, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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14
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Culley C, Janzen A, Brown S, Prendergast ME, Wolfhagen J, Abderemane B, Ali AK, Haji O, Horton MC, Shipton C, Swift J, Tabibou TA, Wright HT, Boivin N, Crowther A. Collagen fingerprinting traces the introduction of caprines to island Eastern Africa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202341. [PMID: 34350011 PMCID: PMC8316820 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human colonization of eastern Africa's near- and offshore islands was accompanied by the translocation of several domestic, wild and commensal fauna, many of which had long-term impacts on local environments. To better understand the timing and nature of the introduction of domesticated caprines (sheep and goat) to these islands, this study applied collagen peptide fingerprinting (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry or ZooMS) to archaeological remains from eight Iron Age sites, dating between ca 300 and 1000 CE, in the Zanzibar, Mafia and Comoros archipelagos. Where previous zooarchaeological analyses had identified caprine remains at four of these sites, this study identified goat at seven sites and sheep at three, demonstrating that caprines were more widespread than previously known. The ZooMS results support an introduction of goats to island eastern Africa from at least the seventh century CE, while sheep in our sample arrived one-two centuries later. Goats may have been preferred because, as browsers, they were better adapted to the islands' environments. The results allow for a more accurate understanding of early caprine husbandry in the study region and provide a critical archaeological baseline for examining the potential long-term impacts of translocated fauna on island ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Culley
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Anneke Janzen
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Samantha Brown
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Scientific Archaeology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jesse Wolfhagen
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Bourhane Abderemane
- Centre National de Documentation et de Recherche Scientifique, Mutsamudu, Anjouan, Comoros
| | | | - Othman Haji
- Department of Museums and Antiquities, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Mark C. Horton
- Cultural Heritage Institute, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, England
| | - Ceri Shipton
- Institute of Archaeology, Gordon Square, University College London, London, UK
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jillian Swift
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tabibou A. Tabibou
- Centre National de Documentation et de Recherche Scientifique, Moroni, Grand Comore, Comoros
| | - Henry T. Wright
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Boivin
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alison Crowther
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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15
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Mickleburgh HL, Schwalbe EC, Bonicelli A, Mizukami H, Sellitto F, Starace S, Wescott DJ, Carter DO, Procopio N. Human Bone Proteomes before and after Decomposition: Investigating the Effects of Biological Variation and Taphonomic Alteration on Bone Protein Profiles and the Implications for Forensic Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2533-2546. [PMID: 33683123 PMCID: PMC8155572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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Bone proteomic studies
using animal proxies and skeletonized human
remains have delivered encouraging results in the search for potential
biomarkers for precise and accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) and
the age-at-death (AAD) estimation in medico-legal investigations.
The development of forensic proteomics for PMI and AAD estimation
is in critical need of research on human remains throughout decomposition,
as currently the effects of both inter-individual biological differences
and taphonomic alteration on the survival of human bone protein profiles
are unclear. This study investigated the human bone proteome in four
human body donors studied throughout decomposition outdoors. The effects
of ageing phenomena (in vivo and post-mortem) and
intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the variety and abundancy of
the bone proteome were assessed. Results indicate that taphonomic
and biological variables play a significant role in the survival of
proteins in bone. Our findings suggest that inter-individual and inter-skeletal
differences in bone mineral density (BMD) are important variables
affecting the survival of proteins. Specific proteins survive better
within the mineral matrix due to their mineral-binding properties.
The mineral matrix likely also protects these proteins by restricting
the movement of decomposer microbes. New potential biomarkers for
PMI estimation and AAD estimation were identified. Future development
of forensic bone proteomics should include standard measurement of
BMD and target a combination of different biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley L Mickleburgh
- Department of Cultural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 352 52, Sweden.,Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State University, San Marcos 78666, Texas, United States
| | - Edward C Schwalbe
- Forensic Science Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U. K
| | - Andrea Bonicelli
- Forensic Science Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U. K
| | - Haruka Mizukami
- Forensic Science Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U. K
| | - Federica Sellitto
- Forensic Science Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U. K
| | - Sefora Starace
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel J Wescott
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State University, San Marcos 78666, Texas, United States
| | - David O Carter
- Forensic Sciences Unit, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu 96816, Hawaii, United States
| | - Noemi Procopio
- Forensic Science Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U. K
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16
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Solazzo C, Soulat J, Cleland T. Creation of a peptide database of corneous beta-proteins of marine turtles for the identification of tortoiseshell: archaeological combs as case study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201857. [PMID: 33972868 PMCID: PMC8074788 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tortoiseshell is a proteinaceous material derived from the scutes of marine turtles, and was shaped into an abundance of objects, especially luxurious items, at its peak in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. It has continued to be used even after the advent of plastics and remains one of the main causes of illegal poaching of marine turtles, in particular the hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata. Tortoiseshell is made of structural proteins, of which the most abundant are known as β-keratins, or 'corneous beta-proteins' (CBPs), a family of short proteins containing a central structure in β-sheets. There are, however, few CBP sequences of marine turtles in protein databases. The scutes of the five main species of marine turtles (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea and Lepidochelys kempii) were analysed by proteomics, using nano-liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry to generate peptidic markers for species identification. A total of 187 marker sequences were identified, the large majority of them obtained from automated de novo sequencing. The sequences were classified into peptides A to F: A to D at the N-terminus and central region that forms the β-pleated sheets, E1-4 for a variable region of glycine-repeats region and F at the C-terminus. The markers were tested against a set of combs discovered in various archaeological sites of modern period in France, successfully identifying hawksbill turtle and highlighting patterns of degradation in archaeological tortoiseshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Solazzo
- Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
| | - Jean Soulat
- LandArc Laboratory, 5, rue Victor Chevin, 77920 Samois-sur-Seine, France
| | - Timothy Cleland
- Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
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17
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On the standardization of ZooMS nomenclature. J Proteomics 2020; 235:104041. [PMID: 33160104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) is rapidly becoming a staple in archaeological and cultural heritage science. Developed a decade ago, this peptide mass fingerprinting technique is expanding from a small group of researchers mainly involved in method development to a broader group of scientists using it as another tool in their toolboxes. With new researchers beginning to use the method, it is imperative that a user-friendly, standardized approach be established. A major barrier has been the often haphazard and changing nomenclature used to label peptide markers necessary for taxonomic identification. Consistent, reliable, and easy-to-understand nomenclature is key to the growth of ZooMS, particularly as the reference library continues to expand. We propose a new set of standardized guidelines for peptide markers based on their position in the type I collagen sequence from the beginning of the highly conserved, helical region. Since this region has no insertions or deletions over a wide range of taxonomic groups, the proposed nomenclature system can be used reliably and consistently across all vertebrate taxa. We propose to label ZooMS peptide markers with the gene, followed by the position of the first and last amino acid of the marker from the start of the helical region. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We propose a standardized nomenclature system for ZooMS peptide markers that provides consistent labels across multiple, broad taxonomic groups. This system unambiguously locates the marker peptides in the type I collagen sequence, avoids duplication of marker names, and facilitates the creation of large ZooMS databases which can include all vertebrates.
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18
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Meiofauna Life on Loggerhead Sea Turtles-Diversely Structured Abundance and Biodiversity Hotspots That Challenge the Meiofauna Paradox. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea turtles migrate thousands of miles annually between foraging and breeding areas, carrying dozens of epibiont species with them on their journeys. Most sea turtle epibiont studies have focused on large-sized organisms, those visible to the naked eye. Here, we report previously undocumented levels of epibiont abundance and biodiversity for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), by focusing on the microscopic meiofauna. During the peak of the 2018 loggerhead nesting season at St. George Island, Florida, USA, we sampled all epibionts from 24 carapaces. From the subsamples, we identified 38,874 meiofauna individuals belonging to 20 higher taxa. This means 810,753 individuals were recovered in our survey, with an average of 33,781 individuals per carapace. Of 6992 identified nematodes, 111 different genera were observed. To our knowledge, such levels of sea turtle epibiont abundance and diversity have never been recorded. Loggerhead carapaces are without doubt hotspots of meiofaunal and nematode diversity, especially compared to other non-sedimentary substrates. The posterior carapace sections harbored higher diversity and evenness compared to the anterior and middle sections, suggesting increased colonization and potentially facilitation favoring posterior carapace epibiosis, or increased disturbance on the anterior and middle carapace sections. Our findings also shed new light on the meiofauna paradox: “How do small, benthic meiofauna organisms become cosmopolitan over large geographic ranges?” Considering high loggerhead epibiont colonization, the large distances loggerheads migrate for reproduction and feeding, and the evolutionary age and sheer numbers of sea turtles worldwide, potentially large-scale exchange and dispersal for meiofauna through phoresis is implied. We distinguished different groups of loggerhead carapaces based on divergent epibiont communities, suggesting distinct epibiont colonization processes. These epibiont observations hold potential for investigating loggerhead movements and, hence, their conservation.
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