1
|
Salado I, Preick M, Lupiáñez-Corpas N, Fernández-Gil A, Vilà C, Hofreiter M, Leonard JA. Large variance in inbreeding within the Iberian wolf population. J Hered 2024; 115:349-359. [PMID: 37955431 PMCID: PMC11235127 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) population on the Iberian Peninsula was the largest in western and central Europe during most of the 20th century, with its size apparently never under a few hundred individuals. After partial legal protection in the 1970s in Spain, the northwest Iberian population increased to about 300 to 350 packs and then stabilized. In contrast to many current European wolf populations, which have been connected through gene flow, the Iberian wolf population has been isolated for decades. Here, we measured changes in genomic diversity and inbreeding through the last decades in a geographic context. We find that the level of genomic diversity in Iberian wolves is low compared with other Eurasian wolf populations. Despite population expansion in the last 50 years, some modern wolves had very high inbreeding, especially in the recently recolonized and historical edge areas. These individuals contrast with others with low inbreeding within the same population. The high variance in inbreeding despite population expansion seems associated with small-scale fragmentation of the range that is revealed by the genetic similarity between modern and historical samples from close localities despite being separated by decades, remaining differentiated from other individuals that are just over 100 km away, a small distance for a species with great dispersal capacity inhabiting a continuous range. This illustrates that, despite its demographically stable condition, the population would probably benefit from favoring connectivity within the population as well as genetic exchange with other European wolf populations to avoid excessive fragmentation and local inbreeding depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Salado
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Michaela Preick
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics Group, Faculty of Science, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Natividad Lupiáñez-Corpas
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gil
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carles Vilà
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics Group, Faculty of Science, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Leonard
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bender AN, Krause DJ, Goebel ME, Hoffman JI, Lewallen EA, Bonin CA. Genetic diversity and demographic history of the leopard seal: A Southern Ocean top predator. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284640. [PMID: 37566609 PMCID: PMC10420386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are top predators that can exert substantial top-down control of their Antarctic prey species. However, population trends and genetic diversity of leopard seals remain understudied, limiting our understanding of their ecological role. We investigated the genetic diversity, effective population size and demographic history of leopard seals to provide fundamental data that contextualizes their predatory influence on Antarctic ecosystems. Ninety leopard seals were sampled from the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summers of 2008-2019 and a 405bp segment of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced for each individual. We uncovered moderate levels of nucleotide (π = 0.013) and haplotype (Hd = 0.96) diversity, and the effective population size was estimated at around 24,000 individuals (NE = 24,376; 95% CI: 16,876-33,126). Consistent with findings from other ice-breeding pinnipeds, Bayesian skyline analysis also revealed evidence for population expansion during the last glacial maximum, suggesting that historical population growth may have been boosted by an increase in the abundance of sea ice. Although leopard seals can be found in warmer, sub-Antarctic locations, the species' core habitat is centered on the Antarctic, making it inherently vulnerable to the loss of sea ice habitat due to climate change. Therefore, detailed assessments of past and present leopard seal population trends are needed to inform policies for Antarctic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arona N. Bender
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Department, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Krause
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Goebel
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A. Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States of America
| | - Carolina A. Bonin
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Department, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carroll EL, McGowen MR, McCarthy ML, Marx FG, Aguilar N, Dalebout ML, Dreyer S, Gaggiotti OE, Hansen SS, van Helden A, Onoufriou AB, Baird RW, Baker CS, Berrow S, Cholewiak D, Claridge D, Constantine R, Davison NJ, Eira C, Fordyce RE, Gatesy J, Hofmeyr GJG, Martín V, Mead JG, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Morin PA, Reyes C, Rogan E, Rosso M, Silva MA, Springer MS, Steel D, Olsen MT. Speciation in the deep: genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211213. [PMID: 34702078 PMCID: PMC8548795 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep sea has been described as the last major ecological frontier, as much of its biodiversity is yet to be discovered and described. Beaked whales (ziphiids) are among the most visible inhabitants of the deep sea, due to their large size and worldwide distribution, and their taxonomic diversity and much about their natural history remain poorly understood. We combine genomic and morphometric analyses to reveal a new Southern Hemisphere ziphiid species, Ramari's beaked whale, Mesoplodon eueu, whose name is linked to the Indigenous peoples of the lands from which the species holotype and paratypes were recovered. Mitogenome and ddRAD-derived phylogenies demonstrate reciprocally monophyletic divergence between M. eueu and True's beaked whale (M. mirus) from the North Atlantic, with which it was previously subsumed. Morphometric analyses of skulls also distinguish the two species. A time-calibrated mitogenome phylogeny and analysis of two nuclear genomes indicate divergence began circa 2 million years ago (Ma), with geneflow ceasing 0.35-0.55 Ma. This is an example of how deep sea biodiversity can be unravelled through increasing international collaboration and genome sequencing of archival specimens. Our consultation and involvement with Indigenous peoples offers a model for broadening the cultural scope of the scientific naming process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Carroll
- School of Biological Sciences Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora, University of Auckland Waipapa Taumata Rau, Auckland 1010, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Michael R. McGowen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Morgan L. McCarthy
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K DK-1353, Denmark
| | - Felix G. Marx
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Natacha Aguilar
- BIOECOMAC, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Merel L. Dalebout
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Sascha Dreyer
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K DK-1353, Denmark
| | | | - Sabine S. Hansen
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K DK-1353, Denmark
| | - Anton van Helden
- School of Biological Sciences Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora, University of Auckland Waipapa Taumata Rau, Auckland 1010, Aotearoa New Zealand
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K DK-1353, Denmark
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
- BIOECOMAC, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, UK
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 1/2 W. 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
- Irish Whale and Dolphin Group, Merchants Quay, Kilrush, Co Clare, Ireland/Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 166 Waters Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation (BMMRO), Sandy Point, Abaco, Bahamas
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM and ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Rua das Matas nacionais, Figueira da Foz 3080-530, Portugal
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, Gqeberha 6013, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
- Study of the Cetaceans in the Canary Archipelago (SECAC) Casa de Los Arroyo, Arrecife de Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain
- Caribbean Manatee Conservation Center, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 500 Carretera Dr John Will Harris, Bayamón 00957, Puerto Rico
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
- CIMA Research Foundation, Via Magliotto 2, Savona 17100, Italy
- Okeanos—Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar & IMAR—Instituto do MAR, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aubrie B. Onoufriou
- BIOECOMAC, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Robin W. Baird
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 1/2 W. 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501, USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - C. Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Simon Berrow
- Irish Whale and Dolphin Group, Merchants Quay, Kilrush, Co Clare, Ireland/Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Danielle Cholewiak
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 166 Waters Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Diane Claridge
- Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation (BMMRO), Sandy Point, Abaco, Bahamas
| | - Rochelle Constantine
- School of Biological Sciences Te Kura Mātauranga Koiora, University of Auckland Waipapa Taumata Rau, Auckland 1010, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J. Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Catarina Eira
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM and ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Rua das Matas nacionais, Figueira da Foz 3080-530, Portugal
| | - R. Ewan Fordyce
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - G. J. Greg Hofmeyr
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, Gqeberha 6013, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Vidal Martín
- Study of the Cetaceans in the Canary Archipelago (SECAC) Casa de Los Arroyo, Arrecife de Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - James G. Mead
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
- Caribbean Manatee Conservation Center, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, 500 Carretera Dr John Will Harris, Bayamón 00957, Puerto Rico
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St Kitts
| | - Phillip A. Morin
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristel Reyes
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Emer Rogan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mónica A. Silva
- Okeanos—Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar & IMAR—Instituto do MAR, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Mark S. Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Debbie Steel
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Morten Tange Olsen
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K DK-1353, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|