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Moghadam RZ, Dizagi HR, Agren H, Ehsani MH. Understanding the effect of Mn 2+ on Yb 3+/Er 3+ co-doped NaYF 4 upconversion and obtaining the optimal combination of these tridoping. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17556. [PMID: 37845290 PMCID: PMC10579380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated in detail the upconversion properties of several types of nanoparticles, including NaYF4:5%Yb3+/30%Mn2+, NaYF4:40%Mn2+/x%Yb3+ (x% = 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40), NaYF4:2%Er3+/x%Mn2+ (x% = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70), NaYF4:40%Mn2+/x%Er3+ (x% = 1, 2, 5, and 10), and NaYF4:40%Mn2+/1%Yb3+/x%Er3+ (x% = 0, 2, 5, and 10). We studied their upconversion emission under 980 nm excitation in both pulsed and continuous wave modes at different synthesis temperatures. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The doping of Yb3+ and Mn2+ ions resulted in the nanoparticles assuming cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. The emission intensity increased (106.4 (a.u.*103) to 334.4(a.u.*103)) with increasing synthesis temperature from 120 to 140 °C, while a sharp decrease was observed when the synthesis temperature was increased to 200 °C. The gradual decrease in peak intensity with increasing Mn2+ concentration from 20 to 70% was attributed to energy transfer from Mn2+ to Yb3+. In NaYF4:Mn2+/Yb3+/Er3+ UCNPs, increasing the Er3+ concentration from 0 to 10% led to the disappearance of the blue, orange, and green emission bands. The intense upconversion luminescence pattern with high spatial resolution indicates excellent potential for applications in displays, biological sensors, photodetectors, and solar energy converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zarei Moghadam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, 38156-88349, Iran.
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Hans Agren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Patsula V, Mareková D, Jendelová P, Nahorniak M, Shapoval O, Matouš P, Oleksa V, Konefał R, Vosmanská M, Machová-Urdziková L, Horák D. Polymer-coated hexagonal upconverting nanoparticles: chemical stability and cytotoxicity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1207984. [PMID: 37426333 PMCID: PMC10327433 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1207984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Large (120 nm) hexagonal NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation method and coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (PEG-Ale), poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide)-alendronate (PDMA-Ale) or poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). The colloidal stability of polymer-coated UCNPs in water, PBS and DMEM medium was investigated by dynamic light scattering; UCNP@PMVEMA particles showed the best stability in PBS. Dissolution of the particles in water, PBS, DMEM and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) determined by potentiometric measurements showed that all particles were relatively chemically stable in DMEM. The UCNP@Ale-PEG and UCNP@Ale-PDMA particles were the least soluble in water and ALF, while the UCNP@PMVEMA particles were the most chemically stable in PBS. Green fluorescence of FITC-Ale-modified UCNPs was observed inside the cells, demonstrating successful internalization of particles into cells. The highest uptake was observed for neat UCNPs, followed by UCNP@Ale-PDMA and UCNP@PMVEMA. Viability of C6 cells and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) growing in the presence of UCNPs was monitored by Alamar Blue assay. Culturing with UCNPs for 24 h did not affect cell viability. Prolonged incubation with particles for 72 h reduced cell viability to 40%-85% depending on the type of coating and nanoparticle concentration. The greatest decrease in cell viability was observed in cells cultured with neat UCNPs and UCNP@PMVEMA particles. Thanks to high upconversion luminescence, high cellular uptake and low toxicity, PDMA-coated hexagonal UCNPs may find future applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dana Mareková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neurosciences, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neurosciences, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mykhailo Nahorniak
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Matouš
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Magda Vosmanská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Tuyen VT, Huy BQV, Tong NB, Ngoc Lam TT, Ferrari M, My Dung CT, Dieu Thuy UT, Van TTT. Controllable structural and optical properties of NaYF4:Tm, Yb microparticles by Yb 3+ doping for anti-counterfeiting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19317-19324. [PMID: 37377878 PMCID: PMC10291562 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02841k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal NaYF4:Tm, Yb upconversion (UC) phosphors with excellent UC luminescence quantum efficiency and chemical stability meet demands for applications in bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting printing. In this work, a series of NaYF4:Tm, Yb upconversion microparticles (UCMPs) with different concentrations of Yb were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Then, the UCMPs become hydrophilic through surface oxidation of the oleic acid (C-18) ligand to azelaic acid (C-9) using the Lemieux-von Rodloff reagent. The structure and morphology of UCMPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties were studied using diffusion reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescent spectroscopy under 980 nm laser irradiation. The emission peaks of the Tm3+ ions are 450, 474, 650, 690, and 800 nm, attributed to the transitions from the excited state to ground state 3H6. These emissions are the results of two or three photon absorption through multi-step resonance energy transfer from excited Yb3+, confirmed via a power-dependent luminescence study. The results show that the crystal phases and luminescence properties of the NaYF4:Tm, Yb UCMPs are controlled by changing the Yb doping concentration. The printed patterns are readable under the excitation of a 980 nm LED. Moreover, the zeta potential analysis shows that the UCMPs after surface oxidation are water dispersible. In particular, the naked eye can observe the enormous upconversion emissions in UCMPs. These findings indicated that this fluorescent material is an ideal candidate for anti-counterfeiting and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Thanh Tuyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Bui Q V Huy
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ba Tong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc Lam
- IFN-CNR CSMFO Lab. and FBK Photonics Unit Via alla Cascata 56/C Povo 38123 Trento Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education Vo Van Ngan Street 1, Thu Duc District 720214 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- IFN-CNR CSMFO Lab. and FBK Photonics Unit Via alla Cascata 56/C Povo 38123 Trento Italy
| | - Cao Thi My Dung
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ung Thi Dieu Thuy
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science, and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran T T Van
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Jethva P, Momin M, Khan T, Omri A. Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Luminescent Nanoparticles-Evolving Role in Bioimaging, Biosensing, and Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072374. [PMID: 35407706 PMCID: PMC8999924 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Upconverting luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) are "new generation fluorophores" with an evolving landscape of applications in diverse industries, especially life sciences and healthcare. The anti-Stokes emission accompanied by long luminescence lifetimes, multiple absorptions, emission bands, and good photostability, enables background-free and multiplexed detection in deep tissues for enhanced imaging contrast. Their properties such as high color purity, high resistance to photobleaching, less photodamage to biological samples, attractive physical and chemical stability, and low toxicity are affected by the chemical composition; nanoparticle crystal structure, size, shape and the route; reagents; and procedure used in their synthesis. A wide range of hosts and lanthanide ion (Ln3+) types have been used to control the luminescent properties of nanosystems. By modification of these properties, the performance of UCNPs can be designed for anticipated end-use applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), high-resolution displays, bioimaging, biosensors, and drug delivery. The application landscape of inorganic nanomaterials in biological environments can be expanded by bridging the gap between nanoparticles and biomolecules via surface modifications and appropriate functionalization. This review highlights the synthesis, surface modification, and biomedical applications of UCNPs, such as bioimaging and drug delivery, and presents the scope and future perspective on Ln-doped UCNPs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Jethva
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India;
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India;
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.O.)
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