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Wang X, Zhang C, Wang H, Yuan Y, Shang Z, Tan B, Liu T, Wei D, Deng HX, Zhao J. Exploring the Metal-Insulator Transition in (Ga,Mn)As by Molecular Absorption. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9190-9197. [PMID: 36263969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metal-insulator transition (MIT) is normally assisted by certain external power input, such as temperature, pressure, strain, or doping. However, these may increase the disorder of the crystal or cause other effects, which makes device fabrication complicated and/or hinders large-scale application. Here, we adopt a new approach to obtain robust modulation of physical properties in magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As by surface molecular modification. We have probed both sides of the MIT with n- and p-type molecular doping. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to determine the stable absorption configuration and charge transfer mechanism of electron acceptor and donor molecules on the semiconductor surface. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm a remarkable modulation in carrier concentrations without introducing impurities or defects. This work points out the possibility of effectively tuning physical properties of solid-state materials by functional molecules, which is clean, flexible, nondestructive, and easily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, China
| | - Zixuan Shang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Bi Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610054, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610054, China
| | - Dahai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
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2
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Kataoka T, Magari Y, Makino H, Furuta M. Nondegenerate Polycrystalline Hydrogen-Doped Indium Oxide (InO x:H) Thin Films Formed by Low-Temperature Solid-Phase Crystallization for Thin Film Transistors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:187. [PMID: 35009333 PMCID: PMC8745918 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We successfully demonstrated a transition from a metallic InOx film into a nondegenerate semiconductor InOx:H film. A hydrogen-doped amorphous InOx:H (a-InOx:H) film, which was deposited by sputtering in Ar, O2, and H2 gases, could be converted into a polycrystalline InOx:H (poly-InOx:H) film by low-temperature (250 °C) solid-phase crystallization (SPC). Hall mobility increased from 49.9 cm2V-1s-1 for an a-InOx:H film to 77.2 cm2V-1s-1 for a poly-InOx:H film. Furthermore, the carrier density of a poly-InOx:H film could be reduced by SPC in air to as low as 2.4 × 1017 cm-3, which was below the metal-insulator transition (MIT) threshold. The thin film transistor (TFT) with a metallic poly-InOx channel did not show any switching properties. In contrast, that with a 50 nm thick nondegenerate poly-InOx:H channel could be fully depleted by a gate electric field. For the InOx:H TFTs with a channel carrier density close to the MIT point, maximum and average field effect mobility (μFE) values of 125.7 and 84.7 cm2V-1s-1 were obtained, respectively. We believe that a nondegenerate poly-InOx:H film has great potential for boosting the μFE of oxide TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kataoka
- Materials Science and Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami 782-8502, Kochi, Japan;
| | - Yusaku Magari
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan;
| | - Hisao Makino
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami 782-8502, Kochi, Japan;
- Electronic and Photonic Systems Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami 782-8502, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Furuta
- Materials Science and Engineering Course, Kochi University of Technology, Kami 782-8502, Kochi, Japan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami 782-8502, Kochi, Japan;
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3
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Schirmacher W, Pilgrim WC, Hensel F. An equation of state for expanded metals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:024001. [PMID: 32906096 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a model equation of states for expanded metals, which contains a pressure term due to a screened-Coulomb potential with a screening parameter reflecting the Mott-Anderson metal-to-nonmetal transition. As anticipated almost 80 years ago by Zel'dovich and Landau, this term gives rise to a second coexistence line in the phase diagram, indicating a phase separation between a metallic and a nonmetallic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schirmacher
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W-C Pilgrim
- Fachbereich 15, Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - F Hensel
- Fachbereich 15, Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Ksenevich V, Dorosinets V, Adamchuk D, Macutkevic J, Banys J. Weak Localization in Polycrystalline Tin Dioxide Films. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235415. [PMID: 33260733 PMCID: PMC7730622 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrical and magnetotransport properties of nanocrystalline tin dioxide films were studied in the temperature range of 4-300 K and in magnetic fields up to 8 T. SnO2-δ films were fabricated by reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of a tin target with following 2 stage temperature annealing of synthesized samples. The nanocrystalline rutile structure of films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The temperature dependences of the resistance R(T) and the negative magnetoresistance (MR) were explained within the frame of a model, taking into account quantum corrections to the classical Drude conductivity. Extracted from the R(T) and R(B) dependences electron dephasing length values indicate the 3D character of the weak localization (WL) in our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ksenevich
- Faculty of Physics, Belarusian State University, Nezalezhnastsi av.4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (V.K.); (V.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Vladimir Dorosinets
- Faculty of Physics, Belarusian State University, Nezalezhnastsi av.4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (V.K.); (V.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Dzmitry Adamchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Belarusian State University, Nezalezhnastsi av.4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (V.K.); (V.D.); (D.A.)
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jan Macutkevic
- Center for Physical Science and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, 01100 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Lukyanov A, Golden JC, Lubchenko V. Structural Origin of the Midgap Electronic States and the Urbach Tail in Pnictogen-Chalcogenide Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8082-8097. [PMID: 30071166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We determine the electronic density of states for computationally generated bulk samples of amorphous chalcogenide alloys As xSe100- x. The samples were generated using a structure-building algorithm reported recently by us. Several key features of the calculated density of states are in good agreement with experiment: The trend of the mobility gap with arsenic content is reproduced. The sample-to-sample variation in the energies of states near the mobility gap is quantitatively consistent with the width of the Urbach tail in the optical edge observed in experiment. Most importantly, our samples consistently exhibit very deep-lying midgap electronic states that are delocalized significantly more than what would be expected for a deep impurity or defect state; the delocalization is highly anisotropic. These properties are consistent with those of the topological midgap electronic states that have been proposed by Zhugayevych and Lubchenko as an explanation for several puzzling optoelectronic anomalies observed in the chalcogenides, including light-induced midgap absorption and electron spin resonance signal, and anomalous photoluminescence. In a complement to the traditional view of the Urbach states as a generic consequence of disorder in atomic positions, the present results suggest these states can be also thought of as intimate pairs of topological midgap states that cannot recombine because of disorder. Finally, samples with an odd number of electrons exhibit neutral, spin 1/2 midgap states as well as polaron-like configurations that consist of a charge carrier bound to an intimate pair of midgap states; the polaron's identity, electron or hole, depends on the preparation protocol of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lukyanov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Jon C Golden
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5005 , United States
| | - Vassiliy Lubchenko
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Physics , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5005 , United States
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6
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Lukyanov A, Lubchenko V. Amorphous chalcogenides as random octahedrally bonded solids: I. Implications for the first sharp diffraction peak, photodarkening, and Boson peak. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:114505. [PMID: 28938820 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a computationally efficient algorithm for generating high-quality structures for amorphous materials exhibiting distorted octahedral coordination. The computationally costly step of equilibrating the simulated melt is relegated to a much more efficient procedure, viz., generation of a random close-packed structure, which is subsequently used to generate parent structures for octahedrally bonded amorphous solids. The sites of the so-obtained lattice are populated by atoms and vacancies according to the desired stoichiometry while allowing one to control the number of homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear bonds and, hence, effects of the mixing entropy. The resulting parent structure is geometrically optimized using quantum-chemical force fields; by varying the extent of geometric optimization of the parent structure, one can partially control the degree of octahedrality in local coordination and the strength of secondary bonding. The present methodology is applied to the archetypal chalcogenide alloys AsxSe1-x. We find that local coordination in these alloys interpolates between octahedral and tetrahedral bonding but in a non-obvious way; it exhibits bonding motifs that are not characteristic of either extreme. We consistently recover the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in our structures and argue that the corresponding mid-range order stems from the charge density wave formed by regions housing covalent and weak, secondary interactions. The number of secondary interactions is determined by a delicate interplay between octahedrality and tetrahedrality in the covalent bonding; many of these interactions are homonuclear. The present results are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of the FSDP on arsenic content, pressure, and temperature and its correlation with photodarkening and the Boson peak. They also suggest that the position of the FSDP can be used to infer the effective particle size relevant for the configurational equilibration in covalently bonded glassy liquids, where the identification of the effective rigid molecular unit is ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lukyanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Vassiliy Lubchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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7
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Wang JJ, Xu YZ, Mazzarello R, Wuttig M, Zhang W. A Review on Disorder-Driven Metal-Insulator Transition in Crystalline Vacancy-Rich GeSbTe Phase-Change Materials. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080862. [PMID: 28773222 PMCID: PMC5578228 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal-insulator transition (MIT) is one of the most essential topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. The accompanied drastic change in electrical resistance can be exploited in electronic devices, such as data storage and memory technology. It is generally accepted that the underlying mechanism of most MITs is an interplay of electron correlation effects (Mott type) and disorder effects (Anderson type), and to disentangle the two effects is difficult. Recent progress on the crystalline Ge₁Sb₂Te₄ (GST) compound provides compelling evidence for a disorder-driven MIT. In this work, we discuss the presence of strong disorder in GST, and elucidate its effects on electron localization and transport properties. We also show how the degree of disorder in GST can be reduced via thermal annealing, triggering a disorder-driven metal-insulator transition. The resistance switching by disorder tuning in crystalline GST may enable novel multilevel data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jing Wang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ya-Zhi Xu
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Riccardo Mazzarello
- Institute for Theoretical Solid-State Physics, JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Institute of Physics IA, JARA-FIT and JARA-HPC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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8
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9
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Siegrist T, Jost P, Volker H, Woda M, Merkelbach P, Schlockermann C, Wuttig M. Disorder-induced localization in crystalline phase-change materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:202-8. [PMID: 21217692 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Localization of charge carriers in crystalline solids has been the subject of numerous investigations over more than half a century. Materials that show a metal-insulator transition without a structural change are therefore of interest. Mechanisms leading to metal-insulator transition include electron correlation (Mott transition) or disorder (Anderson localization), but a clear distinction is difficult. Here we report on a metal-insulator transition on increasing annealing temperature for a group of crystalline phase-change materials, where the metal-insulator transition is due to strong disorder usually associated only with amorphous solids. With pronounced disorder but weak electron correlation, these phase-change materials form an unparalleled quantum state of matter. Their universal electronic behaviour seems to be at the origin of the remarkable reproducibility of the resistance switching that is crucial to their applications in non-volatile-memory devices. Controlling the degree of disorder in crystalline phase-change materials might enable multilevel resistance states in upcoming storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siegrist
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Zhugayevych A, Lubchenko V. Electronic structure and the glass transition in pnictide and chalcogenide semiconductor alloys. I. The formation of theppσ-network. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:234503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3511707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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11
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Edwards PP, Lodge MTJ, Hensel F, Redmer R. '... a metal conducts and a non-metal doesn't'. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:941-65. [PMID: 20123742 PMCID: PMC3263814 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In a letter to one of the authors, Sir Nevill Mott, then in his tenth decade, highlighted the fact that the statement '... a metal conducts, and a non-metal doesn't' can be true only at the absolute zero of temperature, T=0 K. But, of course, experimental studies of metals, non-metals and, indeed, the electronic and thermodynamic transition between these canonical states of matter must always occur above T=0 K, and, in many important cases, for temperatures far above the absolute zero. Here, we review the issues-theoretical and experimental-attendant on studies of the metal to non-metal transition in doped semiconductors at temperatures close to absolute zero (T=0.03 K) and fluid chemical elements at temperatures far above absolute zero (T>1000 K). We attempt to illustrate Mott's insights for delving into such complex phenomena and experimental systems, finding intuitively the dominant features of the science, and developing a coherent picture of the different competing electronic processes. A particular emphasis is placed on the idea of a 'Mott metal to non-metal transition' in the nominally metallic chemical elements rubidium, caesium and mercury, and the converse metallization transition in the nominally non-metal elements hydrogen and oxygen. We also review major innovations by D. A. Goldhammer (Goldhammer 1913 Dispersion und absorption des lichtes) and K. F. Herzfeld (Herzfeld 1927 Phys. Rev. 29, 701-705. (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.29.701)) in a pre-quantum theory description of the metal-non-metal transition, which emphasize the pivotal role of atomic properties in dictating the metallic or non-metallic status of the chemical elements of the periodic table under ambient and extreme conditions; a link with Pauling's 'metallic orbital' is also established here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
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12
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Zhugayevych A, Lubchenko V. An intrinsic formation mechanism for midgap electronic states in semiconductor glasses. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:044508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3298989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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13
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Chiu SP, Lin YH, Lin JJ. Electrical conduction mechanisms in natively doped ZnO nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:015203. [PMID: 19417245 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/1/015203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) with diameters of 90-200 nm were synthesized by the thermal evaporation method. Four-probe Ti/Au electrodes were made by the standard electron-beam lithography technique, and the intrinsic resistivities, rho(T), of individual NWs were measured over a wide range of temperature from 300 down to 0.25 K. The temperature behavior of rho(T) between 300 and 5 K reveals that the intrinsic electrical-transport mechanisms through individual ZnO NWs are due to a combination of the thermal activation conduction and the nearest-neighbor hopping conduction processes. Three distinct activation and hopping contributions with discrete characteristic activation energies are observed. Above about 100 K, the charge transport mechanism is dominated by the thermal activation of electrons from the Fermi level, mu, to the conduction band. Between approximately 20 and 100 K, the charge transport mechanism is due to the activation of electrons from mu to the upper impurity (D-) band. Between approximately 5 and 20 K, the charge transport mechanism arises from the nearest-neighbor hopping conduction within the lower impurity (D) band. Such unique electrical conduction behaviors can be explained in terms of the intricate material properties (in particular, the presence of moderately high concentrations of n-type defects accompanied with a slight self-compensation) in natively doped ZnO NWs. In one heavily doped NW, a surface-related conduction process manifesting the two-dimensional attributes of quantum-interference transport phenomena is observed. The carrier concentrations in our NWs have been estimated, and they were found to lie close to the critical concentration for the Mott metal-insulator transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Pin Chiu
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zabet-Khosousi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Al-Amin Dhirani
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- N. F. Mott
- a Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , England
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Thomas
- a AT&T Bell Laboratories , Murray Hill , New Jersey , 07974 , U.S.A
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17
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Zabet-Khosousi A, Trudeau PE, Suganuma Y, Dhirani AA, Statt B. Metal to insulator transition in films of molecularly linked gold nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:156403. [PMID: 16712178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.156403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a metal to insulator transition (MIT) in disordered films of molecularly linked gold nanoparticles (NPs). As the number of carbons (n) of alkanedithiol linker molecules (C(n)S2) is varied, resistance (R) at low temperature (T = 2 K) and at 200 K, as well as trends in R vs T data at intermediate temperatures, all point to an MIT occurring at n = 5. We describe these results in a context of a Mott-Hubbard MIT. We find that all insulating samples (n > or = 5) exhibit a universal scaling behavior R approximately exp[(T0/T)nu] with nu = 0.65, and all metallic samples (n < or = 5) exhibit weaker R-T dependencies than bulk gold. We discuss these observations in terms of competitive thermally activated processes and strong, T-independent elastic scattering, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zabet-Khosousi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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18
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19
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Schulz CP, Claas P, Schumacher D, Stienkemeier F. Formation and stability of high-spin alkali clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:013401. [PMID: 14753989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Helium nanodroplet isolation has been applied to agglomerate alkali clusters at temperatures of 380 mK. The very weak binding to the surface of the droplets allows a selection of only weakly bound, high-spin states. Here we show that larger clusters of alkali atoms in high-spin states can be formed. The lack of strong bonds from pairing electrons makes these systems nonmetallic, van der Waals-like complexes of metal atoms. We find that sodium and potassium readily form such clusters containing up to 25 atoms. In contrast, this process is suppressed for rubidium and cesium. Apparently, for these heavy alkalis, larger high-spin aggregates are not stable and depolarize spontaneously upon cluster formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Schulz
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Introduction to Electronic States in Oxides and an Overview of Transport Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04011-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Metal–Insulator Transition and Crystal Structure of La1−xSrxCoO3as Functions of Sr-Content, Temperature, and Oxygen Partial Pressure. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1998.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Guo Q, Poon SJ. Metal-insulator transition and localization in quasicrystalline Al70.5Pd21Re8.5-xMnx alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:12793-12797. [PMID: 9985135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Woerner M, Lohner A, Elsaesser T, Kaiser W. Capture of hot holes by shallow acceptors in p-type GaAs studied by picosecond infrared spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:12498-12509. [PMID: 10005442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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