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Qin J, Yuchi Z. Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of Cimex lectularius Acetylcholinesterase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12498-12507. [PMID: 38771663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stands as a primary target of commercial insecticides, notably organophosphates and carbamates. Despite their widespread use in agricultural and indoor pest control, concerns over their high toxicity and the emergence of resistance have restricted their efficacy. In this study, we conducted high-throughput virtual screening against both wild-type (WT) and resistant Cimex lectularius AChE utilizing a library encompassing 1 270 000 compounds. From this screening, we identified 100 candidate compounds and subsequently assessed their inhibitory effects on purified AChE enzymes. Among these candidates, AE027 emerged as a potent inhibitor against both WT and resistant AChE, exhibiting IC50 values of 10 and 43 μM, respectively. Moreover, the binding of AE027 significantly stabilized AChE, elevating its melting temperature by approximately 7 °C. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we delineated the binding mode of AE027, revealing its interaction with a site adjacent to the catalytic center, which is distinct from known inhibitors, with differing poses observed between WT and resistant AChE. Notably, the resistance mutation F348Y, positioned at a site directly interfacing with AE027, impedes ligand binding through steric hindrance. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of AE027 utilizing bioinformatics tools. These findings lay a crucial foundation for the development of a novel generation of insecticides that can combat both WT and resistant pest populations effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
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Hernandes N, Qi XM, Bhide S, Brown C, Camm BJ, Baxter SW, Robin C. Acetylcholine esterase of Drosophila melanogaster: a laboratory model to explore insecticide susceptibility gene drives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2950-2964. [PMID: 38344908 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the proposed applications of gene drives has been to revert pesticide resistant mutations back to the ancestral susceptible state. Insecticides that have become ineffective because of the rise of resistance could have reinvigorated utility and be used to suppress pest populations again, perhaps at lower application doses. RESULTS We have created a laboratory model for susceptibility gene drives that replaces field-selected resistant variants of the acetylcholine esterase (Ace) locus of Drosophila melanogaster with ancestral susceptible variants. We constructed a CRISPR/Cas9 homing drive and found that homing occurred in many genetic backgrounds with varying efficiencies. While the drive itself could not be homozygous, it converted resistant alleles into susceptible ones and produced recessive lethal alleles that could suppress populations. Our studies provided evidence for two distinct classes of gene drive resistance (GDR): rather than being mediated by the conventional non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, one seemed to involve short homologous repair and the other was defined by genetic background. Additionally, we used simulations to explore a distinct application of susceptibility drives; the use of chemicals to prevent the spread of synthetic gene drives into protected areas. CONCLUSIONS Insecticide susceptibility gene drives could be useful tools to control pest insects however problems with particularities of target loci and GDR will need to be overcome for them to be effective. Furthermore, realistic patterns of pest dispersal and high insecticide exposure rates would be required if susceptibility were to be useful as a 'safety-switch' to prevent the unwanted spread of gene drives. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandes
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Mollyann Qi
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soumitra Bhide
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney Brown
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Camm
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon W Baxter
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Miranda LS, Rudd SR, Mena O, Hudspeth PE, Barboza-Corona JE, Park HW, Bideshi DK. The Perpetual Vector Mosquito Threat and Its Eco-Friendly Nemeses. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38534451 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most notorious arthropod vectors of viral and parasitic diseases for which approximately half the world's population, ~4,000,000,000, is at risk. Integrated pest management programs (IPMPs) have achieved some success in mitigating the regional transmission and persistence of these diseases. However, as many vector-borne diseases remain pervasive, it is obvious that IPMP successes have not been absolute in eradicating the threat imposed by mosquitoes. Moreover, the expanding mosquito geographic ranges caused by factors related to climate change and globalization (travel, trade, and migration), and the evolution of resistance to synthetic pesticides, present ongoing challenges to reducing or eliminating the local and global burden of these diseases, especially in economically and medically disadvantaged societies. Abatement strategies include the control of vector populations with synthetic pesticides and eco-friendly technologies. These "green" technologies include SIT, IIT, RIDL, CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive, and biological control that specifically targets the aquatic larval stages of mosquitoes. Regarding the latter, the most effective continues to be the widespread use of Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti). Here, we present a review of the health issues elicited by vector mosquitoes, control strategies, and lastly, focus on the biology of Ls and Bti, with an emphasis on the latter, to which no resistance has been observed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Silva Miranda
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Sarah Renee Rudd
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Studies, and School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Oscar Mena
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Piper Eden Hudspeth
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Departmento de Alimentos, Posgrado en Biociencias, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Dennis Ken Bideshi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
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Chen Y, Nguyen DT, Spafford H, Herron GA. A high-throughput multilocus-amplicon sequencing panel to monitor insecticide resistance in fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1510-1522. [PMID: 37953499 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous crop pest that has spread over the world rapidly and invaded Australia in 2020. Globally, FAW has been reported to be resistant to several insecticides permitted in Australia. Timely resistance diagnosis is critical for integrated pest management-based control of FAW in Australia. RESULTS We developed a multi-amplicon panel by next-generation sequencing (multiamplicon-seq) to identify known insecticide resistance mutations in Australian FAW with high throughput and low cost. The panel included nine known mutations causing insecticide resistance in FAW and four gene mutations causing insecticide resistance in several insect species, not yet reported in FAW. We sequenced 36 plates (96-well) in one MiSeq flow cell with easy sequencing library preparation. We found that Australian FAW carried a very high proportion of the F290V mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene that causes resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Furthermore, FAW has a GABA-activated chloride channel mutation, A301Q in the RDL gene. The sequencing-based platform provided evidence of a duplication in the AChE gene. Here several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 476-bp amplicon of the AChE gene demonstrated 100% heterozygosity across samples and some individuals carried two haplotypes with the F290V mutation. CONCLUSION Molecular surveillance by multiamplicon-seq will increase capacity for early detection and future resistance monitoring in highly dispersed Australian FAW. It can provide timely resistance information and has the potential to play an important role in the resistance management of FAW. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Spafford
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Frank Wise Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kununurra, WA, Australia
| | - Grant A Herron
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
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Cossio-Bayugar R, Martinez-Ibañez F, Aguilar-Diaz H, Miranda-Miranda E. Relationship between acaricide resistance and acetylcholinesterase gene polymorphisms in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasite 2024; 31:3. [PMID: 38315066 PMCID: PMC10840460 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive methodology for identifying amino acid polymorphisms in acetylcholinesterase transcript 2 (AChE2) in acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. This included assessing AChE2 expression levels through qPCR and conducting 3D modeling to evaluate the interaction between acaricides and AChE2 using docking techniques. The study produced significant results, demonstrating that acaricide-resistant R. microplus ticks exhibit significantly higher levels of AChE expression than susceptible reference ticks. In terms of amino acid sequence, we identified 9 radical amino acid substitutions in AChE2 from acaricide-resistant ticks, when compared to the gene sequence of the susceptible reference strain. To further understand the implications of these substitutions, we utilized 3D acaricide-AChE2 docking modeling to examine the interaction between the acaricide and the AChE2 catalytic site. Our models suggest that these amino acid polymorphisms alter the configuration of the binding pocket, thereby contributing to differences in acaricide interactions and ultimately providing insights into the acaricide-resistance phenomenon in R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cossio-Bayugar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Francisco Martinez-Ibañez
- Departamento de Ectoparásitos y Dípteros. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SADER Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Hugo Aguilar-Diaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
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Fricaux T, Le Navenant A, Siegwart M, Rault M, Coustau C, Le Goff G. The Molecular Resistance Mechanisms of European Earwigs from Apple Orchards Subjected to Different Management Strategies. INSECTS 2023; 14:944. [PMID: 38132618 PMCID: PMC10743755 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To date, apple orchards are among the most treated crops in Europe with up to 35 chemical treatments per year. Combining control methods that reduce the number of pesticide treatments is essential for agriculture and more respectful of the environment, and the use of predatory insects such as earwigs may be valuable to achieve this goal. European earwigs, Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) are considered beneficial insects in apple orchards where they can feed on many pests like aphids. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of orchards' insecticide treatments on resistance-associated molecular processes in natural populations of earwigs. Because very few molecular data are presently available on earwigs, our first goal was to identify earwig resistance-associated genes and potential mutations. Using earwigs from organic, integrated pest management or conventional orchards, we identified mutations in acetylcholinesterase 2, α1 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition, the expression level of these targets and of some essential detoxification genes were monitored using RT-qPCR. Unexpectedly, earwigs collected in organic orchards showed the highest expression for acetylcholinesterase 2. Four cytochromes P450, one esterase and one glutathione S-transferases were over-expressed in earwigs exposed to various management strategies in orchards. This first study on resistance-associated genes in Forficula auricularia paves the way for future experimental studies aimed at better understanding the potential competition between natural enemies in apple orchards in order to optimize the efficiency of biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Fricaux
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (T.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Adrien Le Navenant
- Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon, France; (A.L.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- INRAE, Unité PSH, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon, Cedex 9, France;
| | - Magali Rault
- Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon, France; (A.L.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Christine Coustau
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (T.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (T.F.); (C.C.)
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Lee JH, Jeong IH, Lee DW, Lee SH, Yoon KA. Molecular, biochemical, and toxicological characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105629. [PMID: 37945233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular and biochemical properties of two acetylcholinesterases (FoAChE1 and FoAChE2) from the Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting confirmed the membrane-anchored nature of both FoAChE1 and FoAChE2, which was further supported by hydrophobicity and glycophosphatidylinositol anchor predictions. High expression levels of both enzymes were observed in the head, indicating their predominant distribution in neuronal tissues. FoAChE1 exhibited significantly higher expression levels in all examined tissues compared to FoAChE2, suggesting its major role as a synaptic enzyme. Nonetheless, both recombinant enzymes displayed robust catalytic activity toward acetylthiocholine iodide, and FoAChE1 demonstrated nearly identical catalytic efficiency compared to FoAChE2. FoAChE1 exhibited slightly lower sensitivities to the cholinesterase inhibitors tested, including organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs), compared to FoAChE2. Field populations of F. occidentalis exhibited polymorphism of alanine vs. serine at position 197 of FoAChE1 within the conserved oxyanion hole. Contrary to common belief, however, functional analysis using recombinant enzymes revealed that neither A197 nor S197 residue was associated with FoAChE1 insensitivity to OPs and CBs. FoAChE2 did not exhibit any polymorphic amino acid substitutions at the positions known to be associated with resistance. Due to the absence of apparent resistance-associated mutations in field populations of F. occidentalis, the judicious use of some OPs or CBs can be suggested for controlling the highly resistant populations to other insecticides. Overall, our findings highlight the significance of both FoAChE1 and FoAChE2 as targets for toxicity assessment, while the specific contribution of each enzyme to toxicity remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjae Andrew Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jin Q, Qin XJ, Sun WJ, Ding X, Zhao Y, Wang CB, Tao XY, Luo XD. Ormosianines A-P, Structurally Diverse Quinolizidine Alkaloids with AChE Inhibitory Effects from Ormosia yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2193-2205. [PMID: 37589667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), named ormosianines A-P (1-16), and 18 known congeners (17-34) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ormosia yunnanensis. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses and electron circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Structurally, ormosianines A (1) and B (2) are the first examples of cytisine and Ormosia-type alkaloids with the cleavage of the piperidine ring. Results of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay revealed that the pentacycline Ormosia-type QAs, including 1, 16, 24, and 27-29, are good AChE inhibitors. Ormosianine A (1) exhibited more potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.55 μM. Molecular docking revealed that 1 might bind to the protein 1DX4, forming two hydrogen bonds with residues SER-238 and HIS-480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Vidal-Albalat A, Kindahl T, Rajeshwari R, Lindgren C, Forsgren N, Kitur S, Tengo LS, Ekström F, Kamau L, Linusson A. Structure-Activity Relationships Reveal Beneficial Selectivity Profiles of Inhibitors Targeting Acetylcholinesterase of Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6333-6353. [PMID: 37094110 PMCID: PMC10184127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance jeopardizes the prevention of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever by vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Effective new insecticidal compounds with minimal adverse effects on humans and the environment are therefore urgently needed. Here, we explore noncovalent inhibitors of the well-validated insecticidal target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on a 4-thiazolidinone scaffold. The 4-thiazolidinones inhibit AChE1 from the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti at low micromolar concentrations. Their selectivity depends primarily on the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring; halogen substituents have complex effects. The compounds also feature a pendant aliphatic amine that was important for activity; little variation of this group is tolerated. Molecular docking studies suggested that the tight selectivity profiles of these compounds are due to competition between two binding sites. Three 4-thiazolidinones tested for in vivo insecticidal activity had similar effects on disease-transmitting mosquitoes despite a 10-fold difference in their in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Kindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nina Forsgren
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-90621 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stanley Kitur
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laura Sela Tengo
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrik Ekström
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-90621 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luna Kamau
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 54840-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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In vitro and in silico analysis of the Anopheles anticholinesterase activity of terpenoids. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102713. [PMID: 36455706 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are major vectors in high malaria endemic African regions. Various terpenoid classes form the main chemical constituent repository of essential oils, many of which have been shown to possess insecticidal effects against Anopheles species. The current study aimed to assess the bioactivity of terpenoids including four sesquiterpene alcohols, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, and trans-nerolidol; a phenylpropanoid, methyleugenol, and a monoterpene, (R)-(+)-limonene, using the larvicidal screening assay against the four Anopheles species. The mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and in silico molecular modelling. All six terpenoids showed potent larvicidal activity against the four Anopheles species. Insights into the mechanism of action revealed that the six terpenoids are strong AChE inhibitors against An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while there was a moderate inhibitory activity against An. gambiae AChE, but very weak activity against An. coluzzii. Interestingly, in the in silico study, farnesol established a favourable hydrogen bonding interaction with a conserved amino acid residue, Cys447, at the entrance to the active site gorge. While (-)-α-bisabolol and methyleugenol displayed a strong interaction with the catalytic Ser360 and adjacent amino acid residues; but sparing the mutable Gly280 residue that confers resistance to the current anticholinesterase insecticides. As a result, this study identified farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, and methyleugenol as selective bioinsecticidal agents with potent Anopheles AChE inhibition. These terpenoids present as natural compounds for further development as anticholinesterase bioinsecticides.
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Renault D, Elfiky A, Mohamed A. Predicting the insecticide-driven mutations in a crop pest insect: Evidence for multiple polymorphisms of acetylcholinesterase gene with potential relevance for resistance to chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18937-18955. [PMID: 36219281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious invasive herbivorous insect pest worldwide. The excessive use of pesticides has progressively selected B. tabaci specimens, reducing the effectiveness of the treatments, and ultimately ending in the selection of pesticide-resistant strains. The management of this crop pest has thus become challenging owing to the level of resistance to all major classes of recommended insecticides. Here, we used in silico techniques for detecting sequence polymorphisms in ace1 gene from naturally occurring B. tabaci variants, and monitor the presence and frequency of the detected putative mutations from 30 populations of the silverleaf whitefly from Egypt and Pakistan. We found several point mutations in ace1-type acetylcholinesterase (ace1) in the studied B. tabaci variants naturally occurring in the field. By comparing ace1 sequence data from an organophosphate-susceptible and an organophosphate-resistant strains of B. tabaci to ace1 sequence data retrieved from GenBank for that species and to nucleotide polymorphisms from other arthropods, we identified novel mutations that could potentially influence insecticide resistance. Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses were performed to determine if the mutation-induced changes in form 1 acetylcholinesterase (AChE1) structure could confer resistance to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. Mutations had small effects on binding energy (ΔGb) interactions between mutant AChE1 and insecticides; they altered the conformation of the peripheral anionic site of AChE1, and modified the enzyme surface, and these changes have potential effects on the target-site sensitivity. Altogether, the results from this study provide information on genic variants of B. tabaci ace1 for future monitoring insecticide resistance development and report a potential case of environmentally driven gene variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR, 6553, Rennes, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Abdo Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Yang YL, Li X, Wang J, Song QS, Stanley D, Wei SJ, Zhu JY. Comparative genomic analysis of carboxylesterase genes in Tenebrio molitor and other four tenebrionids. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21967. [PMID: 36111353 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (COEs) have various functions in wide taxons of organisms. In insects, COEs are important enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of a variety of ester-containing xenobiotics, neural signal transmission, pheromone degradation, and reproductive development. Understanding the diversity of COEs is basic to illustrate their functions. In this study, we identified 53, 105, 37, and 39 COEs from the genomes of Tenebrio molitor, Asbolus verucosus, Hycleus cichorii, and H. phaleratus in the superfamily of Tenebrionidea, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 234 COEs from these four species and those reported in Tribolium castaneum (63) could be divided into 12 clades and three major classes. The α-esterases significantly expanded in T. molitor, A. verucosus, and T. castaneum compared to dipteran and hymenopteran insects. In T. molitor, most COEs showed tissue and stage-specific but not a sex-biased expression. Our results provide insights into the diversity and evolutionary characteristics of COEs in tenebrionids, and lay a foundation for the functional characterization of COEs in the yellow mealworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Alpine Economic Plant, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Lijiang, China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Samal RR, Panmei K, Lanbiliu P, Kumar S. Metabolic detoxification and ace-1 target site mutations associated with acetamiprid resistance in Aedes aegypti L. Front Physiol 2022; 13:988907. [PMID: 36111159 PMCID: PMC9468370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.988907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous use of chemical interventions, Aedes-borne diseases remain on the rise. Neonicotinoids are new, safer, and relatively effective pharmacological interventions against mosquitoes. Neonicotinoids interact with the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the insect central nervous system, but the absence of nAChR polymorphism in resistant phenotypes makes their involvement in neonicotinoid resistance uncertain. Thus, an investigation was carried out to understand the role of metabolic detoxification and target site insensitivity in imparting acetamiprid resistance in Aedes aegypti larvae. Studies were conducted on the parent susceptible strain (PS), acetamiprid-larval selected strain for five generations (ACSF-5; 8.83-fold resistance) and 10 generations (ACSF-10; 19.74-fold resistance) of Ae. aegypti. The larval selection raised α-esterase and β-esterase activities by 1.32-fold and 1.34-fold, respectively, in ACSF-10 as compared to PS, while the corresponding glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity increased by 22.5 and 2%. The ace-1 gene in PS and ACSF-10 showed four mismatches in the 1312—1511 bp region due to mutations in the Y455C codon (tyrosine to cysteine) at the 1367th position (TAC→TGC); I457V codon (isoleucine to valine) at 1372 bp and 1374 bp (ATA→GTG); and R494M codon (arginine to methionine) at 1484 bp (AGG→ATG). The R494M mutation was the novel and dominant type, observed in 70% ACSF-10 population, and has not been reported so far. The studies evidenced the combination of metabolic detoxification and target site mutation in imparting acetamiprid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
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Yoon KA, Kim JH, Nauen R, Alyokhin A, Clark JM, Lee SH. Characterization of molecular and kinetic properties of two acetylcholinesterases from the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105137. [PMID: 35772844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and biochemical properties of two acetylcholinesterases (LdAChE1 and LdAChE2) from the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, were investigated in this study. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with western blotting with LdAChE1- or LdAChE2-specific antibodies suggested that LdAChE1 exists in a soluble form, whereas LdAChE2 exists in both soluble and amphiphilic forms with a glycophosphatidylinositol anchor. Both LdAChEs exist as homodimers with each monomer connected with a disulfide bond. LdAChE1 was the most highly expressed in the thorax followed by the head, leg, and abdomen, whereas LdAChE2 was the most highly expressed in the head, followed by the thorax, leg, and abdomen. The overall expression levels of LdAChE1, however, were higher than those of LdAChE2 in all examined tissues. Kinetic analysis using recombinant LdAChE1 and LdAChE2 showed that LdAChE2 has a 4.8-fold higher catalytic efficiency toward acetylthiocholine iodide compared to LdAChE1. LdAChE2 was more sensitive to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides than LdAChE1. The addition of irreversibly phosphorylated LdAChE1 via paraoxon titration significantly reduced LdAChE2 inhibition by insecticides and glycoalkaloids, suggesting a sequestration role of soluble LdAChE1 in the chemical defense against xenobiotics. Taken together, LdAChE2 may be the main enzyme for synaptic transmission, thus serving as a toxicologically more relevant target, whereas the soluble LdAChE1 may function as a bioscavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjae Andrew Yoon
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Andrei Alyokhin
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - John Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020162. [PMID: 35206735 PMCID: PMC8878986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths each year. There has been an increase in the use of insecticides to combat disease transmission caused by mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides have been effectively used to protect humans from mosquito bites through insecticide-treated mosquito nets, fabrics, and indoor sprays. Despite the considerable progress made in reducing mosquito borne diseases, extensive usage of insecticides has caused serious health problems to humans and animals, insecticide resistance or insensitivity in mosquitoes, and environmental damage. A success in the fight with mosquito disease transmission can only be accomplished by adequate and effective implementation of insecticide resistance monitoring and management programs globally. For this purpose, extensive research focuses on exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes and how they get resistant to chemical applications over time. The search also focuses on novel compounds that are more effective, safer, and eco-friendly for improved management of mosquito vectors. In this review, we provide the current literature on the synthetic insecticides and how mosquitoes develop resistance to them, with further emphasis on bioinsecticides that could replace conventional synthetic insecticides. In this context, plant-based compounds are explained in detail with their potential applications to control mosquitoes. Abstract The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
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Heckel DG. Perspectives on gene copy number variation and pesticide resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:12-18. [PMID: 34480789 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the generation of evolutionary diversity by gene duplication has long been known, the implications for pesticide resistance are just now beginning to be appreciated. A few examples will be cited to illustrate the point that there are many variations on the theme that gene duplication does not follow a set pattern. Transposable elements may facilitate the process but the mechanistic details are obscure and unpredictable. New developments in DNA sequencing technology and genome assembly promise to reveal more examples, yet care must be taken in interpreting the results of transcriptome and genome assemblies and independent means of validation are important. Once a specific gene family is identified, special methods generally must be used to avoid underestimating population polymorphisms and being trapped in preconceptions about the simplicity of the process. © 2021 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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18
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Yavaşoğlu Sİ, Şimşek FM. Insecticide Resistance and Mechanisms of Culex pipiens Populations in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey During 2017-2018. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:405-420. [PMID: 36644302 PMCID: PMC9810578 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i4.10505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Culex pipiens has a significant public health importance since it is an important vector of West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus. We, therefore, aimed to determine the insecticide resistance level in Cx. pipiens populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Methods Bioassays have been carried out against Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4%), Malathion (5%), Fenitrothion (1%), Propoxur (0.1%), Bendiocarb (0.1%), Permethrin (0.75%) and Deltamethrin (0.05%). Biochemical analyses have been performed to detect non-specific esterase, mixed function oxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase levels. A knockdown resistance (kdr) (L1014F) and Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) (G119S) mutations have been detected by using allele-specific primers and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of specific alleles (PASA) diagnostic test was performed for detection of F290V mutation. Results Bioassay results showed that all Cx. pipiens populations were resistant to DDT, Malathion, Fenitrothion, Bendiocarb, Propoxur and some of the populations have started to gain Permethrin and Deltamethrin resistance. Biochemical analyses results revealed that altered glutathione-s-transferases, P450 monooxygenases, esterase levels might be responsible for DDT, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in Cx. pipiens populations. Results showed mild to high frequency of L1014F, low frequency of F290V but no Ace-1 G119S mutation within the populations. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity was not significantly high within the most of these populations. Conclusion Overall results may help to fulfil the lacking information in the literature regarding insecticide resistance status and underlying mechanism of Culex pipiens populations of the Mediterranean and Aegean region of Turkey by using all bioassays, molecular tests and biochemical assays.
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Margus A, Piiroinen S, Lehmann P, Grapputo A, Gilbert L, Chen YH, Lindström L. Sequence variation and regulatory variation in acetylcholinesterase genes contribute to insecticide resistance in different populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15995-16005. [PMID: 34824806 PMCID: PMC8601895 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although insect herbivores are known to evolve resistance to insecticides through multiple genetic mechanisms, resistance in individual species has been assumed to follow the same mechanism. While both mutations in the target site insensitivity and increased amplification are known to contribute to insecticide resistance, little is known about the degree to which geographic populations of the same species differ at the target site in a response to insecticides. We tested structural (e.g., mutation profiles) and regulatory (e.g., the gene expression of Ldace1 and Ldace2, AChE activity) differences between two populations (Vermont, USA and Belchow, Poland) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata in their resistance to two commonly used groups of insecticides, organophosphates, and carbamates. We established that Vermont beetles were more resistant to azinphos-methyl and carbaryl insecticides than Belchow beetles, despite a similar frequency of resistance-associated alleles (i.e., S291G) in the Ldace2 gene. However, the Vermont population had two additional amino acid replacements (G192S and F402Y) in the Ldace1 gene, which were absent in the Belchow population. Moreover, the Vermont population showed higher expression of Ldace1 and was less sensitive to AChE inhibition by azinphos-methyl oxon than the Belchow population. Therefore, the two populations have evolved different genetic mechanisms to adapt to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Saija Piiroinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Zoological Institute and MuseumGreifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany
| | | | | | - Yolanda H. Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Ju D, Mota-Sanchez D, Fuentes-Contreras E, Zhang YL, Wang XQ, Yang XQ. Insecticide resistance in the Cydia pomonella (L): Global status, mechanisms, and research directions. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104925. [PMID: 34446201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major pest of pome fruit and walnuts worldwide. Although environmentally compatible integrated control strategies, such as mating disruption, attract-kill strategy, and sterile insect technique have been conducted for management of this notorious pest, effects to control of codling moth have mainly relied on insecticides. In consequence, different levels of insecticide resistance towards organophosphates, neonicotinoids, hydrazines, benzoylureas, pyrethroids, diamides, spinosyns, avermectins, JH mimics, carbamates, oxadiazines and C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGVs) have developed in codling moth in different countries and areas. Both metabolic and target-site mechanisms conferring resistance have been revealed in the codling moth. In this review, we summarize the current global status of insecticide resistance, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved, and the implications for resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ju
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras
- Center in Molecular and Functional Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Ya-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China..
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Abstract
Almost 20 years have passed since the first reference genome assemblies were published for Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, and Anopheles gambiae, the most important mosquito vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Reference genomes now exist for all human malaria parasites and nearly half of the ~40 important vectors around the world. As a foundation for genetic diversity studies, these reference genomes have helped advance our understanding of basic disease biology and drug and insecticide resistance, and have informed vaccine development efforts. Population genomic data are increasingly being used to guide our understanding of malaria epidemiology, for example by assessing connectivity between populations and the efficacy of parasite and vector interventions. The potential value of these applications to malaria control strategies, together with the increasing diversity of genomic data types and contexts in which data are being generated, raise both opportunities and challenges in the field. This Review discusses advances in malaria genomics and explores how population genomic data could be harnessed to further support global disease control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Neafsey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Aimee R Taylor
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bronwyn L MacInnis
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Temeyer KB, Schlechte KG, Olafson PU, Drolet BS, Tidwell JP, Osbrink WLA, Showler AT, Gross AD, Pérez de León AA. Association of Salivary Cholinesterase With Arthropod Vectors of Disease. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1679-1685. [PMID: 32459332 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was previously reported to be present in saliva of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), with proposed potential functions to 1) reduce acetylcholine toxicity during rapid engorgement, 2) modulate host immune responses, and 3) to influence pathogen transmission and establishment in the host. Potential modulation of host immune responses might include participation in salivary-assisted transmission and establishment of pathogens in the host as has been reported for a number of arthropod vector-borne diseases. If the hypothesis that tick salivary AChE may alter host immune responses is correct, we reasoned that similar cholinesterase activities might be present in saliva of additional arthropod vectors. Here, we report the presence of AChE-like activity in the saliva of southern cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus); Asian tiger mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse); sand flies, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli); and biting midges, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones. Salivary AChE-like activity was not detected for horn flies Haematobia irritans (L.), stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and house flies Musca domestica L. Salivary cholinesterase (ChE) activities of arthropod vectors of disease-causing agents exhibited various Michaelis-Menten KM values that were each lower than the KM value of bovine serum AChE. A lower KM value is indicative of higher affinity for substrate and is consistent with a hypothesized role in localized depletion of host tissue acetylcholine potentially modulating host immune responses at the arthropod bite site that may favor ectoparasite blood-feeding and alter host defensive responses against pathogen transmission and establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Temeyer
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX
| | - Kristie G Schlechte
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX
| | - Pia U Olafson
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason P Tidwell
- Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Edinburg, TX
| | - Weste L A Osbrink
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX
| | - Allan T Showler
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX
| | - Aaron D Gross
- Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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Langmüller AM, Nolte V, Galagedara R, Poupardin R, Dolezal M, Schlötterer C. Fitness effects for Ace insecticide resistance mutations are determined by ambient temperature. BMC Biol 2020; 18:157. [PMID: 33121485 PMCID: PMC7597021 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect pest control programs often use periods of insecticide treatment with intermittent breaks, to prevent fixing of mutations conferring insecticide resistance. Such mutations are typically costly in an insecticide-free environment, and their frequency is determined by the balance between insecticide treatment and cost of resistance. Ace, a key gene in neuronal signaling, is a prominent target of many insecticides and across several species, three amino acid replacements (I161V, G265A, and F330Y) provide resistance against several insecticides. Because temperature disturbs neuronal signaling homeostasis, we reasoned that the cost of insecticide resistance could be modulated by ambient temperature. RESULTS Experimental evolution of a natural Drosophila simulans population at hot and cold temperature regimes uncovered a surprisingly strong effect of ambient temperature. In the cold temperature regime, the resistance mutations were strongly counter selected (s = - 0.055), but in a hot environment, the fitness costs of resistance mutations were reduced by almost 50% (s = - 0.031). We attribute this unexpected observation to the advantage of the reduced enzymatic activity of resistance mutations in hot environments. CONCLUSION We show that fitness costs of insecticide resistance genes are temperature-dependent and suggest that the duration of insecticide-free periods need to be adjusted for different climatic regions to reflect these costs. We suggest that such environment-dependent fitness effects may be more common than previously assumed and pose a major challenge for modeling climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Langmüller
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viola Nolte
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruwansha Galagedara
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Plattform Bioinformatik und Biostatistik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Abaukaka YA, Sanusi S, Ozigi KA, Malo FU. Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of dichlorvos (DDVP) using in silico classification model; a health hazard awareness in Nigeria. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020016. [PMID: 32979901 PMCID: PMC7656162 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been abused in Nigeria for suicide attempts, topical applications to treat an ectoparasitic infestation, and indiscriminate use on farm produce. Exposure to this compound in subacute concentration can cause toxicity in different tissues by alteration of the cellular antioxidative defence mechanism. This analysis is aimed at the systematic profiling of DDVP to assess its cytotoxic and mutagenic potential for human vulnerability using an in silico classification model. DDVP was grouped into categories of analogue chemical compounds generated from inventories based on structural alerts that measure the biological effects on cell lines and animal models using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. The cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of DDVP was assessed by analyzing target endpoints like skin sensitization, oral/inhalation toxicity, neurotoxicity and mutagenicity. DDVP shows moderate sensitization potential that can induce skin irritation during prolonged exposure because of the presence of dichlorovenyl side-chain that interacts with cellular proteins and causes degradation. 50% lethal dose (LD50) of DDVP per body weight was determined to be 26.2 mg/kg in a rat model at 95% confidence range for acute oral toxicity, and 14.4 mmol/L was estimated as 50% lethal concentration (LC50) in the atmosphere due to acute inhalation toxicity. DDVP can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system to produce nicotinic and muscarinic symptoms like nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, salivation, bradycardia, and respiratory failure may cause death. The widely used pesticide causes weak DNA methylation which can repress gene transcription on promoter sites. DDVP is volatile so it can cause oral and inhalation toxicity coupled with neurotoxicity during prolonged exposure. Serum cholinesterase blood tests should be encouraged in federal and state hospitals to investigate related health challenges as DDVP is still used in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salihu Sanusi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Qods St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Kabir Abdullahi Ozigi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Qods St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
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Adedeji EO, Ogunlana OO, Fatumo S, Beder T, Ajamma Y, Koenig R, Adebiyi E. Anopheles metabolic proteins in malaria transmission, prevention and control: a review. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:465. [PMID: 32912275 PMCID: PMC7488410 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance to currently available insecticides in the malaria vector, Anopheles mosquitoes, hampers their use as an effective vector control strategy for the prevention of malaria transmission. Therefore, there is need for new insecticides and/or alternative vector control strategies, the development of which relies on the identification of possible targets in Anopheles. Some known and promising targets for the prevention or control of malaria transmission exist among Anopheles metabolic proteins. This review aims to elucidate the current and potential contribution of Anopheles metabolic proteins to malaria transmission and control. Highlighted are the roles of metabolic proteins as insecticide targets, in blood digestion and immune response as well as their contribution to insecticide resistance and Plasmodium parasite development. Furthermore, strategies by which these metabolic proteins can be utilized for vector control are described. Inhibitors of Anopheles metabolic proteins that are designed based on target specificity can yield insecticides with no significant toxicity to non-target species. These metabolic modulators combined with each other or with synergists, sterilants, and transmission-blocking agents in a single product, can yield potent malaria intervention strategies. These combinations can provide multiple means of controlling the vector. Also, they can help to slow down the development of insecticide resistance. Moreover, some metabolic proteins can be modulated for mosquito population replacement or suppression strategies, which will significantly help to curb malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Oluwatobiloba Adedeji
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Thomas Beder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ajamma
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Rainer Koenig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), G200, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Effects of Sublethal Doses of Methyl Benzoate on the Life History Traits and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activity of Aphis gossypii. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Safer alternatives to synthetic pesticides are essential for sustainable agriculture. Methyl benzoate (MB) is a volatile essential oil found in several plants. Recent reports of the toxicity of MB to arthropod pests suggest that MB may be a useful alternative insecticide. The present study assessed the effects of a sublethal concentration of MB (LC30, 0.22%) on the life history and reproductive characteristics of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in both a treated parental generation (F0) and untreated progeny (F1). MB treatment significantly decreased longevity and fecundity in both the F0 and F1 generations, and prolonged the developmental duration of each immature instar of the F1 generations, compared with controls. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) of the F1 generation were significantly reduced, compared to controls. The mode of action of MB is not known, but in aphids treated with LC30 MB, the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) decreased by more than 65%, compared with untreated controls. AChE activity was rapidly inhibited within 1 h, and remained inhibited for 6 h after in vivo exposure to MB. Moreover, molecular docking analysis revealed that MB had a strong affinity with the catalytic site of AChE, with a binding energy value of −6.2 kcal/mole. Our results suggest that MB targets AChE, and that a sublethal dose of MB can have adverse transgenerational effects on cotton aphids.
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You C, Shan C, Xin J, Li J, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Gao X. Propoxur resistance associated with insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:8400. [PMID: 32439946 PMCID: PMC7242383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unique housefly strains, PSS and N-PRS (near-isogenic line with the PSS), were used to clarify the mechanisms associated with propoxur resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica. The propoxur-selected resistant (N-PRS) strain exhibited >1035-fold resistance to propoxur and 1.70-, 12.06-, 4.28-, 57.76-, and 57.54-fold cross-resistance to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, phoxim, and azamethiphos, respectively, compared to the susceptible (PSS) strain. We purified acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the N-PRS and PSS strains using a procainamide affinity column and characterized the AChE. The sensitivity of AChE to propoxur based on the bimolecular rate constant (Ki) was approximately 100-fold higher in the PSS strain compared to the N-PRS strain. The cDNA encoding Mdace from both the N-PRS strain and the PSS strain were cloned and sequenced using RT-PCR. The cDNA was 2073 nucleotides long and encoded a protein of 691 amino acids. A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), I162M, V260L, G342A, and F407Y, were present in the region of the active site of AChE from the N-PRS strain. The transcription level and DNA copy number of Mdace were significantly higher in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. These results indicated that mutations combined with the up-regulation of Mdace might be essential in the housefly resistance to propoxur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei You
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Shan
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs District, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Juanjuan Xin
- Haidian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Dongcheng District Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100009, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zeng
- Dongcheng District Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100009, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Scates SS, O'Neal ST, Anderson TD. Bacteria-mediated modification of insecticide toxicity in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 161:77-85. [PMID: 31685200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of mosquito-borne disease poses a significant threat to human and animal health throughout the world, with effective chemical control interventions limited by widespread insecticide resistance. Recent evidence suggests that gut bacteria of mosquitoes, known to be essential in nutritional homeostasis and pathogen defense, may also play a significant role in facilitating insecticide resistance. This study investigated the extent to which bacteria contribute to the general esterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated detoxification of the insecticides propoxur and naled, as well as the insecticidal activity of these chemistries to the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Experiments conducted using insecticide synergists that reduce general esterase and P450 activity demonstrate a role for both groups of enzymes in the metabolic detoxification of propoxur and naled. Furthermore, reduction of bacteria in mosquito larvae using broad-spectrum antibiotics was found to decrease the metabolic detoxification of propoxur and naled, suggesting that the bacteria themselves may be contributing to the in vivo metabolic detoxification of these insecticides. This was supported by in vitro assays using culturable gut bacteria isolated from mosquito larvae which demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of reducing insecticide toxicity. More work is needed, however, to fully elucidate the contribution of bacteria in Ae. aegypti larvae to the metabolic detoxification of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Scates
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Scott T O'Neal
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Troy D Anderson
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Abd El-Samei E, Hamama H, El-Enien M, Awad H. Interaction of Spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis on Certain Toxicological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects in the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 27:508. [DOI: 10.4001/003.027.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Abd El-Samei
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.M. Hamama
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M.G.A.A. El-Enien
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.H. Awad
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Acaricidal drug resistance in poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and approaches to its management. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nobre T, Gomes L, Rei FT. A Re-Evaluation of Olive Fruit Fly Organophosphate-Resistant Ace Alleles in Iberia, and Field-Testing Population Effects after in-Practice Dimethoate Use. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10080232. [PMID: 31374903 PMCID: PMC6723829 DOI: 10.3390/insects10080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The management of the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) is traditionally based upon the use of organophosphate insecticides, mainly dimethoate. In this evolutionary arms race between man and pest, the flies have adapted a pesticide resistance, implying two point-mutations of the Ace gene -I214V and G488S- and a 9bp deletion -Δ3Q. We revisited 11 Iberian locations to evaluate this adaptation of organophosphate (OP)-resistant alleles through amplicon sequencing. Screening for populations where the wild type is prevalent allows an identification of hotspots for targeted mitigation measures; we have hence refined the scale to the region with the lowest OP-resistant alleles frequency 71 locations were sampled and individuals checked using a fast and low-cost allele-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction (ASP-PCR) method]. An increase in Ace gene point-mutations was observed, and the Δ3Q mutation remains undetected. The lowest frequencies of the OP-resistant alleles remain in the west, underlining the hypothesis of an introduction of resistance from eastern Mediterranean areas. A field test was performed by sampling the fly population before and after in-practice dimethoate application. A clear reduction in olive fruit fly numbers was observed, with no relevant changes in the genotypic frequencies of the resistance alleles. The findings are discussed in frame of the type and intensity of the selection pressure that has led to the adaptation to resistance and its consequences from the producer perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Nobre
- Laboratory of Entomology, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Luis Gomes
- Laboratory of Entomology, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Fernando Trindade Rei
- Laboratory of Entomology, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Zhao J, Hao D, Xiao L, Tan Y, Jiang Y, Bai L, Wang K. Molecular and functional properties of two Spodoptera exigua acetylcholinesterase genes. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 101:e21554. [PMID: 31033012 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a vital enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. Here, full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of two acetylcholinesterase genes (SeAce1 and SeAce2) were obtained from Spodoptera exigua, a widespread phytophagous pest in agriculture. The complete SeAce1 cDNA comprised 5447 nucleotides including an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 694 amino acids, while SeAce2 cDNA encompassed a 1917-bp ORF which would likely yield 638 amino acids. Both SeAce1 and SeAce2 contained specific characteristics of functional AChE. A phylogenetic tree of all lepidopteran insect Aces showed S. exigua clustered with S. litura, Helicoverpa assulta, and H. armigera, all of which are Noctuidae. In S. exigua, SeAce1 gene expression levels (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and quantitative RT-PCR) were markedly increased compared with SeAce2 in all developmental phases and tissue types. Both genes were down regulated by inserting the corresponding dsRNAs in 5th instar larvae, which resulted in 56.7% (SeAce1) and 24.6% (SeAce2) death. Downregulation of both SeAce1 and SeAce2 significantly reduced fecundity and vitellogenin gene expression in S. exigua. These results revealed the biological functions of the two Ace genes (SeAce1 and SeAce2), providing novel insights into the development of strategies for controlling insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubin Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jingling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
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Acetylcholinesterases from Leaf-Cutting ant Atta sexdens: Purification, Characterization, and Capillary Reactors for On-Flow Assays. Enzyme Res 2019; 2019:6139863. [PMID: 31354985 PMCID: PMC6633970 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6139863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) leading to acetate and choline (Ch) release. The inhibition of AChE produces a generalized synaptic collapse that can lead to insect death. Herein we report for the first time the isolation of two AChEs from Atta sexdens which were purified by sulphate ammonium precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography. AsAChE-A and AsAChE-B enzymes have optimum pH of 9.5 and 9.0 and higher activities in 30/50°C and 20°C, respectively, using acetylthiocholine (ATCh) as substrate. Immobilized capillary enzyme reactors (ICERs) were obtained for both enzymes (AsAChE-A-ICER and AsAChE-B-ICER) and their activities were measured by LC-MS/MS through hydrolysis product quantification of the natural substrate ACh. The comparison of activities by LC-MS/MS of both AChEs using ACh as substrate showed that AsAChE-B (free or immobilized) had the highest affinity. The inverse result was observed when the colorimetric assay (Elman method) was used for ATCh as substrate. Moreover, by mass spectrometry and phylogenetic studies, AsAChE-A and AsAChE-B were classified as belonging to AChE-2 and AChE-1 classes, respectively.
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Deletre E, Martin T, Duménil C, Chandre F. Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 30867033 PMCID: PMC6417241 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae has led to the search for not only alternative insecticides, but also repellent chemical compounds. However, little is known about the potential actions of repellents and the cross-resistance risk between insecticide and repellent compounds. Methods Here we show the action of permethrin, DEET, geraniol, carvacrol, culminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde against three A. gambiae strains: ‘Kis’ (Kisumu susceptible strain), ‘KdrKis’ (pyrethroid resistant strain) and ‘AcerKis’ (organophosphate resistant strain), the last two differing from the first by a mutation on the kdr and ace1 genes, respectively. Conclusions Results from the DEET assays show it induced repellency for the resistant KdrKis and AcerKis strains but maintained irritancy for the susceptible strain. More generally, we show resistance genes modify the behavior of An. gambiae, increasing or decreasing the effectiveness of DEET and natural compounds, depending on the mutation. These findings offer a new avenue for research on the target and mechanism of repellent compounds. We discuss these findings in the context of vector control strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Deletre
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France. .,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thibaud Martin
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Claire Duménil
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Mandeng SE, Awono-Ambene HP, Bigoga JD, Ekoko WE, Binyang J, Piameu M, Mbakop LR, Fesuh BN, Mvondo N, Tabue R, Nwane P, Mimpfoundi R, Toto JC, Kleinschmidt I, Knox TB, Mnzava AP, Donnelly MJ, Fondjo E, Etang J. Spatial and temporal development of deltamethrin resistance in malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex from North Cameroon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212024. [PMID: 30779799 PMCID: PMC6380565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control interventions in Africa is threatened by the spread and intensification of pyrethroid resistance in targeted mosquito populations. The present study aimed at investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of deltamethrin resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations from North Cameroon. Mosquito larvae were collected from 24 settings of the Garoua, Pitoa and Mayo Oulo Health Districts (HDs) from 2011 to 2015. Two to five days old female An. gambiae s.l. emerging from larval collections were tested for deltamethrin resistance using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) standard protocol. Sub samples of test mosquitoes were identified to species using PCR-RFLP and genotyped for knockdown resistance alleles (Kdr 1014F and 1014S) using Hot Ligation Oligonucleotide Assay (HOLA). All the tested mosquitoes were identified as belonging to the An. gambiae complex, including 3 sibling species mostly represented by Anopheles arabiensis (67.6%), followed by Anopheles coluzzii (25.4%) and Anopheles gambiae (7%). Deltamethrin resistance frequencies increased significantly between 2011 and 2015, with mosquito mortality rates declining from 70–85% to 49–73% in the three HDs (Jonckheere-Terstra test statistic (JT) = 5638, P< 0.001), although a temporary increase of mortality rates (91–97%) was seen in the Pitoa and Mayo Oulo HDs in 2012. Overall, confirmed resistance emerged in 10 An. gambiae s.l. populations over the 24 field populations monitored during the study period, from 2011 to 2015. Phenotypic resistance was mostly found in urban settings compared with semi-urban and rural settings (JT = 5282, P< 0.0001), with a spatial autocorrelation between neighboring localities. The Kdr 1014F allelic frequencies in study HDs increased from 0–30% in 2011 to 18–61% in 2014–2015 (JT = 620, P <0.001), especially in An. coluzzii samples. The overall frequency of the Kdr 1014S allele was 0.1%. This study revealed a rapid increase and widespread deltamethrin resistance frequency as well as Kdr 1014F allelic frequencies in An. gambiae s.l. populations over time, emphasizing the urgent need for vector surveillance and insecticide resistance management strategies in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Elysée Mandeng
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jude D. Bigoga
- Laboratory for Vector Biology and control, National Reference Unit for Vector Control, The Biotechnology Center, Nkolbisson-University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Eyisap Ekoko
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jérome Binyang
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michael Piameu
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Ecole des Sciences de la Santé, Université Catholique d’Afrique Centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lili Ranaise Mbakop
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Betrand Nono Fesuh
- National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Narcisse Mvondo
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raymond Tabue
- Laboratory for Vector Biology and control, National Reference Unit for Vector Control, The Biotechnology Center, Nkolbisson-University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Ministry of Public Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Nwane
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rémy Mimpfoundi
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Toto
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Immo Kleinschmidt
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tessa Bellamy Knox
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin James Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Fondjo
- Ministry of Public Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Josiane Etang
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of biological sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Knutsson S, Engdahl C, Kumari R, Forsgren N, Lindgren C, Kindahl T, Kitur S, Wachira L, Kamau L, Ekström F, Linusson A. Noncovalent Inhibitors of Mosquito Acetylcholinesterase 1 with Resistance-Breaking Potency. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10545-10557. [PMID: 30339371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resistance development in insects significantly threatens the important benefits obtained by insecticide usage in vector control of disease-transmitting insects. Discovery of new chemical entities with insecticidal activity is highly desired in order to develop new insecticide candidates. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenoxyacetamide-based inhibitors of the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1). AChE1 is a validated insecticide target to control mosquito vectors of, e.g., malaria, dengue, and Zika virus infections. The inhibitors combine a mosquito versus human AChE selectivity with a high potency also for the resistance-conferring mutation G122S; two properties that have proven challenging to combine in a single compound. Structure-activity relationship analyses and molecular dynamics simulations of inhibitor-protein complexes have provided insights that elucidate the molecular basis for these properties. We also show that the inhibitors demonstrate in vivo insecticidal activity on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Our findings support the concept of noncovalent, selective, and resistance-breaking inhibitors of AChE1 as a promising approach for future insecticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Knutsson
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Nina Forsgren
- Swedish Defence Research Agency , CBRN Defence and Security , SE-906 21 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Tomas Kindahl
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Stanley Kitur
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development , Kenya Medical Research Institute , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Lucy Wachira
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development , Kenya Medical Research Institute , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Luna Kamau
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development , Kenya Medical Research Institute , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Fredrik Ekström
- Swedish Defence Research Agency , CBRN Defence and Security , SE-906 21 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 82 Umeå , Sweden
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Duneau D, Sun H, Revah J, San Miguel K, Kunerth HD, Caldas IV, Messer PW, Scott JG, Buchon N. Signatures of Insecticide Selection in the Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:3469-3480. [PMID: 30190420 PMCID: PMC6222576 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to insecticides has evolved in multiple insect species, leading to increased application rates and even control failures. Understanding the genetic basis of insecticide resistance is fundamental for mitigating its impact on crop production and disease control. We performed a GWAS approach with the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to identify the mutations involved in resistance to two widely used classes of insecticides: organophosphates (OPs, parathion) and pyrethroids (deltamethrin). Most variation in parathion resistance was associated with mutations in the target gene Ace, while most variation in deltamethrin resistance was associated with mutations in Cyp6a23, a gene encoding a detoxification enzyme never previously associated with resistance. A "nested GWAS" further revealed the contribution of other loci: Dscam1 and trpl were implicated in resistance to parathion, but only in lines lacking WolbachiaCyp6a17, the paralogous gene of Cyp6a23, and CG7627, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, were implicated in deltamethrin resistance. We observed signatures of recent selective sweeps at all of these resistance loci and confirmed that the soft sweep at Ace is indeed driven by the identified resistance mutations. Analysis of allele frequencies in additional population samples revealed that most resistance mutations are segregating across the globe, but that frequencies can vary substantially among populations. Altogether, our data reveal that the widely used OP and pyrethroid insecticides imposed a strong selection pressure on natural insect populations. However, it remains unclear why, in Drosophila, resistance evolved due to changes in the target site for OPs, but due to a detoxification enzyme for pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Duneau
- Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENSFEA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); Toulouse, France
| | - Haina Sun
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jonathan Revah
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Keri San Miguel
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Henry D Kunerth
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Ian V Caldas
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Philipp W Messer
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interactions and Disease, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Kim JH, Hwang CE, Yoon KA, Seong KM, Lee J, Kim JH, Lee SH. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the bed bug salivary gland cholinesterase as an acetylcholine-sequestering enzyme. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 102:52-58. [PMID: 30266661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, possesses a cholinesterase expressed exclusively in the salivary gland (ClSChE). In this study, we investigated the molecular forms, tissue distribution patterns and biochemical properties of ClSChE and showed that ClSChE exists as a soluble monomeric form or a soluble dimeric form connected by a disulfide bridge. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that ClSChE was expressed in the epithelial cells of both the salivary gland and the duct. In addition, the secretion of monomeric ClSChE through the proboscis during feeding was confirmed by western blotting using a ClSChE-specific antibody. To predict the role of ClSChE injected into the tissue of an animal host, we analyzed the extent of hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) by ClSChE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ClSChE binding to ACh was not clearly resolved in the binding assay format used in this study, probably due to the weak but detectable ACh-hydrolytic activity of ClSChE. Nevertheless, kinetic analysis revealed that ClSChE possesses extremely low Km (high affinity to ACh) and Vmax values. These findings suggest that ClSChE functions virtually as an ACh-sequestering protein by having a very strong affinity to ACh but an extremely long turnover time. Given that ACh regulates a wide variety of host physiologies, we discuss the tentative roles of ClSChE in blood vessel constriction and itch/pain regulation in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae Eun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Management and Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjae Andrew Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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39
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Jiang XC, Jiang XY, Liu S. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Two Acetylcholinesterase Genes From the Small White Butterfly Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5090326. [PMID: 30184214 PMCID: PMC6121511 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) are essential for the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and play crucial roles in the termination of neurotransmission. AChEs are encoded by the ace genes. However, the ace genes from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), remained uncharacterized. In this study, two aces (Prace1 and Prace2) were identified from P. rapae. Prace1 encoded a PrAChE1 protein consisting of 694 amino acid residues, and Prace2 encoded the 638-amino-acid PrAChE2. The two identified PrAChEs both had features typical of AChEs, including the catalytic triad, choline-binding sites, an oxyanion hole, an acyl pocket, a peripheral anionic subsite, an FGESAG motif and 14 conserved aromatic amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Prace1 and Prace2 were clustered into two distinct groups: ace1 and ace2, respectively. The two Praces were distributed on different genomic scaffolds: Prace1 on scaffold 156 and Prace2 on scaffold 430. Additionally, Prace1 consisted of three exons and two introns, whereas Prace2 consisted of six exons and five introns. One amino acid mutation (Gly324Ala) in PrAChE1 and two (Ser291Gly and Ser431Phe) in PrAChE2 were consistent with mutations in other insect AChEs that are associated with insecticide insensitivity. Both Prace1 and Prace2 were highly expressed at the fifth-instar larval stage and in the larval head, and the transcriptional levels of Prace1 were significantly higher than those of Prace2 in all of the tested life stages and tissues. This is the first report characterizing two ace genes in P. rapae. The results pave the way for functional study of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chuan Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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40
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Burford Reiskind MO, Labadie P, Bargielowski I, Lounibos LP, Reiskind MH. Rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3641-3654. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Labadie
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Irka Bargielowski
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida
| | - L. Philip Lounibos
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory; University of Florida; Vero Beach Florida
| | - Michael H. Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
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41
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Han Q, Wong DM, Robinson H, Ding H, Lam PCH, Totrov MM, Carlier PR, Li J. Crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase catalytic subunits of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:721-724. [PMID: 28247978 PMCID: PMC5581290 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, and Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Dawn M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Howard Robinson
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Haizhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Polo C. H. Lam
- Molsoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Maxim M. Totrov
- Molsoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul R. Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Pyrethroid Acaricide Resistance Is Proportional to P-450 Cytochrome Oxidase Expression in the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8292465. [PMID: 30069481 PMCID: PMC6057400 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8292465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess the gene expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and carboxylesterase (CE) related to detoxification of synthetic pyrethroids, plus acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in field isolates of acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus. The XMEs expression levels were assessed by mRNA measurement using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The XME expression levels of field-isolated acaricide-resistant ticks were compared against acaricide-susceptible reference ticks used in this study as a gene expression baseline and represented as relative expression units (REU). Field isolates were subjected to toxicological bioassays and determined resistant to all the Pyr acaricides (Pyr), whereas most of them were found susceptible to organophosphorous acaricides (OP), with the exception of three isolates, which exhibited moderate resistance to Diazinon. Significantly higher levels of CYP were detected in pyrethroid-resistance ticks when compared to Su ticks (P<0.01). A linear regression analysis showed that pyrethroid acaricide resistance levels of R. microplus were proportional to the CYP expression levels (correlation coefficient (R):0.85; P<0.05). Analysis on CE expression levels showed only one isolate resistant to Pyr and OP with a statistically significant increase (P<0.01). AChE expression levels showed statistically significant (P<0.01) subexpression in all tick isolates when compared to the susceptible reference. Our results suggest that pyrethroid acaricide resistance in the cattle tick may be diagnosed by measuring the CYP expression levels using quantitative PCR.
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Schmidt M, Hrabcova V, Jun D, Kuca K, Musilek K. Vector Control and Insecticidal Resistance in the African Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:534-547. [PMID: 29847927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (including malaria) belong among the leading causes of death in humans. Vector control is a crucial part of the global strategy for management of mosquito-associated diseases, when insecticide use is the most important component in this effort. However, drug and insecticide resistance threaten the successes made with existing methods. Reduction or elimination of malaria is not possible without effective mosquito control. This article reviews current strategies of intervention in vector control to decrease transmission of disease and covers current relevant knowledge in molecular biology, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmidt
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62 , 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hrabcova
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62 , 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy , University of Defence , Trebesska 1575 , 500 01 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62 , 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 581 , 500 05 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Rokitanskeho 62 , 500 03 Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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44
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Wanjala CL, Kweka EJ. Malaria Vectors Insecticides Resistance in Different Agroecosystems in Western Kenya. Front Public Health 2018; 6:55. [PMID: 29546039 PMCID: PMC5838019 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria vector control efforts have taken malaria related cases down to appreciable number per annum after large scale of intervention tools. Insecticides-based tools remain the major control option for malaria vectors in Kenya and, therefore, the potential of such programs to be compromised by the reported insecticide resistance is of major concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in different agro ecosystems from western Kenya. Methods The study was carried out in the lowlands and highlands of western Kenya namely; Ahero, Kisian, Chulaimbo, Emutete, Emakakha, Iguhu, and Kabula. World Health Organization tube bioassays was conducted using standard diagnostic dosages of Lambdacyhalothrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, DDT, Bendiocarb, and Malathion tested on Anopheles mosquitoes collected from seven sites; Ahero, Kisian, Chulaimbo, Emutete, Emakakha, Iguhu, and Kabula. Biochemical assays, where the enzymatic activity of three enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases) were performed on susceptible and resistant mosquito populations. Wild mosquito populations were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The species of the wild mosquito populations were identified to species level using PCR. Real-time PCR was performed on the susceptible and resistant mosquitoes after the WHO tube bioassays to determine the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) allele. Results WHO susceptibility tests indicated that Anopheles gambiae showed resistance to Pyrethroids and DDT in all the study sites, to Bendiocarb in Iguhu and Kabula and susceptible to Malathion (100% mortality) in all the study sites. There was an elevation of monooxygenases and esterases enzymatic activities in resistant An. gambiae mosquito populations exposed to Lambdacyhalothrin, Permethrin, Deltamethrin and DDT but no elevation in glutathione S-transferases. A high frequency of L1014S allele was detected in An. gambiae s.s. population, but there was no kdr allele found in Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. Conclusion An. gambiae mosquitoes from western Kenya have developed phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. Therefore, there is a need for further research covering different climatic zones with different agroeconomic activities for detailed report on current status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ludwin Wanjala
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.,Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.,Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
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45
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Wu XM, Xu BY, Si FL, Li J, Yan ZT, Yan ZW, He X, Chen B. Identification of carboxylesterase genes associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:159-169. [PMID: 28731595 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CCEs) are one of three large detoxification enzyme families. Some CCEs are active on synthetic insecticides with ester structures. Anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in eastern Asia. This study identified and characterized the CCE genes in the A. sinensis genome and determined CCE genes associated with pyrethroid resistance using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in A. sinensis from Anhui, Chongqing, and Yunnan in China. RESULTS Fifty-seven putative CCEs were identified and placed into three classes, 12 subfamilies and 14 clades through phylogenetic and homology analyses. Exon sizes ranged from 31 to 4317 bp, with 49 CCEs having two to five exons and eight having six to 11 exons. A total of 183 introns were recognized with sizes ranging from 31 to 4317 bp. The 57 CCEs were located on 14 scaffolds, with 70% located on four scaffolds. The alpha-esterase subfamily was significantly expanded compared with that of Anopheles gambiae. In a pyrethroid-resistant strain, RNA-seq detected five upregulated CCE genes and qRT-PCR detected 12 upregulated CCE genes. The α-esterase 10 (AsAe10) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (AsAce1) genes were the main CCE genes associated with pyrethroid resistance. CONCLUSION This information will be useful for further study of the CCE gene family and pyrethroid resistance mechanisms mediated by CCEs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo-Ying Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Cheung J, Mahmood A, Kalathur R, Liu L, Carlier PR. Structure of the G119S Mutant Acetylcholinesterase of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae Reveals Basis of Insecticide Resistance. Structure 2017; 26:130-136.e2. [PMID: 29276037 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating disease in sub-Saharan Africa and is transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. While indoor residual spraying of anticholinesterase insecticides has been useful in controlling the spread of malaria, widespread application of these compounds has led to the rise of an insecticide-resistant mosquito strain that harbors a G119S mutation in the nervous system target enzyme acetylcholinesterase. We demonstrate the atomic basis of insecticide resistance through structure determination of the G119S mutant acetylcholinesterase of An. gambiae in the ligand-free state and bound to a potent difluoromethyl ketone inhibitor. These structures reveal specific features within the active-site gorge distinct from human acetylcholinesterase, including an open channel at the base of the gorge, and provide a means for improving species selectivity in the rational design of improved insecticides for malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Cheung
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ravi Kalathur
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Milesi P, Assogba BS, Atyame CM, Pocquet N, Berthomieu A, Unal S, Makoundou P, Weill M, Labbé P. The evolutionary fate of heterogeneous gene duplications: A precarious overdominant equilibrium between environment, sublethality and complementation. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:493-507. [PMID: 29230902 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene duplications occur at a high rate. Although most appear detrimental, some homogeneous duplications (identical gene copies) can be selected for beneficial increase in produced proteins. Heterogeneous duplications, which combine divergent alleles of a single locus, are seldom studied due to the paucity of empirical data. We investigated their role in an ongoing adaptive process at the ace-1 locus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes. We assessed the worldwide diversity of the ace-1 alleles (single-copy, susceptible S and insecticide-resistant R, and duplicated D that pair one S and one R copy), analysed their phylogeography and measured their fitness to understand their early dynamics using population genetics models. It provides a coherent and comprehensive evolutionary scenario. We show that D alleles are present in most resistant populations and display a higher diversity than R alleles (27 vs. 4). Most appear to result from independent unequal crossing-overs between local single-copy alleles, suggesting a recurrent process. Most duplicated alleles have a limited geographic distribution, probably resulting from their homozygous sublethality (HS phenotype). In addition, heterozygotes carrying different HS D alleles showed complementation, indicating different recessive lethal mutations. Due to mosaic insecticide control practices, balancing selection (overdominance) plays a key role in the early dynamics of heterogeneous duplicated alleles; it also favours a high local polymorphism of HS D alleles in natural populations (overdominance reinforced by complementation). Overall, our study shows that the evolutionary fate of heterogeneous duplications (and their long-term role) depends on finely balanced selective pressures due to the environment and to their genomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Milesi
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît S Assogba
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Célestine M Atyame
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- UMR MIVEGEC Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs: écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Berthomieu
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Unal
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Makoundou
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Weill
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- ISEM Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE), Montpellier, France
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Carlier PR, Bloomquist JR, Totrov M, Li J. Discovery of Species-selective and Resistance-breaking Anticholinesterase Insecticides for the Malaria Mosquito. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:2946-2958. [PMID: 28176636 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170206130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Great reductions in malaria mortality have been accomplished in the last 15 years, in part due to the widespread roll-out of insecticide-treated bednets across sub-Saharan Africa. To date, these nets only employ pyrethroids, insecticides that target the voltage-gated sodium ion channel of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. Due to the growing emergence of An. gambiae strains that are resistant to pyrethroids, there is an urgent need to develop new public health insecticides that engage a different target and possess low mammalian toxicity. In this review, we will describe efforts to develop highly species-specific and resistance-breaking inhibitors of An. gambiae acetylcholinesterase (AgAChE). These efforts have been greatly aided by advances in knowledge of the structure of the enzyme, and two major inhibitor design strategies have been explored. Since AgAChE possesses an unpaired Cys residue not present in mammalian AChE, a logical strategy to achieve selective inhibition involves design of compounds that could ligate that Cys. A second strategy involves the design of new molecules to target the catalytic serine of the enzyme. Here the challenge is not only to achieve high inhibition selectivity vs human AChE, but also to demonstrate toxicity to An. gambiae that carry the G119S resistance mutation of AgAChE. The advances made and challenges remaining will be presented. This review is part of the special issue "Insecticide Mode of Action: From Insect to Mammalian Toxicity".
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. United States
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, P.O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610-00009. United States
| | - Max Totrov
- Molsoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121. United States
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. United States
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49
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Ye X, Yang L, Stanley D, Li F, Fang Q. Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes influence motor control and development in different ways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4985. [PMID: 28694460 PMCID: PMC5504014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among its other biological roles, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), encoded by two ace in most insects, catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby terminating synaptic transmission. ace1 encodes the synaptic enzyme and ace2 has other essential actions in many insect species, such as Chilo suppressalis and Plutella xylostella. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been domesticated for more than two thousand years and its aces have no history of pesticide exposure. Here, we investigated the functional differences between two ace genes, BmAce1 and BmAce2, in the silkworm. qPCR analysis indicated that BmAce1 is highly expressed in muscle and BmAce2 is more ubiquitously expressed among tissues and enriched in the head. Both genes were separately suppressed using chemically synthesized siRNAs. The mRNA abundance of the two ace genes was significantly reduced to about 13% - 75% of the control levels after siRNA injection. The AChE activities were decreased to 32% to 85% of control levels. Silencing BmAce2 resulted in about 26% mortality, faster and higher than the 20% in the siBmAce1-treated group. Silencing BmAce1 impacted motor control and development to a greater extent than silencing BmAce2, although both treatment groups suffered motor disability, slowed development and reduced cocoons. Both genes have essential, differing biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qi Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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50
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Guo D, Luo J, Zhou Y, Xiao H, He K, Yin C, Xu J, Li F. ACE: an efficient and sensitive tool to detect insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase from RNA-Seq data. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:330. [PMID: 28693417 PMCID: PMC5504734 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance is a substantial problem in controlling agricultural and medical pests. Detecting target site mutations is crucial to manage insecticide resistance. Though PCR-based methods have been widely used in this field, they are time-consuming and inefficient, and typically have a high false positive rate. Acetylcholinesterases (Ace) is the neural target of the widely used organophosphate (OP) and carbamate insecticides. However, there is not any software available to detect insecticide resistance associated mutations in RNA-Seq data at present. Results A computational pipeline ACE was developed to detect resistance mutations of ace in insect RNA-Seq data. Known ace resistance mutations were collected and used as a reference. We constructed a Web server for ACE, and the standalone software in both Linux and Windows versions is available for download. ACE was used to analyse 971 RNA-Seq data from 136 studies in 7 insect pests. The mutation frequency of each RNA-Seq dataset was calculated. The results indicated that the resistance frequency was 30%–44% in an eastern Ugandan Anopheles population, thus suggesting this resistance-conferring mutation has reached high frequency in these mosquitoes in Uganda. Analyses of RNA-Seq data from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella indicated that the G227A mutation was positively related with resistance levels to organophosphate or carbamate insecticides. The wasp Nasonia vitripennis had a low frequency of resistant reads (<5%), but the agricultural pests Chilo suppressalis and Bemisia tabaci had a high resistance frequency. All ace reads in the 30 B. tabaci RNA-Seq data were resistant reads, suggesting that insecticide resistance has spread to very high frequency in B. tabaci. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the ACE pipeline is the first tool to detect resistance mutations from RNA-Seq data, and it facilitates the full utilization of large-scale genetic data obtained by using next-generation sequencing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1741-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhao Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiapeng Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huamei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Kang He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanlin Yin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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