1
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Uematsu K, Yang MM, Amos W, Foster WA. Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Sliwa KM, Baumgardt JA, DeYoung RW, Ortega‐S JA, Hewitt DG, Goolsby JA, Lohmeyer KH. Movement ecology of exotic nilgai antelope: A threat to the re‐emergence of cattle fever ticks in the southern
USA. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Sliwa
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - Jeremy A. Baumgardt
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - Randy W. DeYoung
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - J. Alfonso Ortega‐S
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - David G. Hewitt
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University–Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - John A. Goolsby
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory Edinburg Texas USA
| | - Kimberly H. Lohmeyer
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Knipling‐Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center Kerrville Texas USA
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Vasiljevic N, Morf NV, Senn J, Pérez‐Espona S, Mattucci F, Mucci N, Moore‐Jones G, Pisano SRR, Kratzer A, Ogden R. Phylogeography and population genetic structure of the European roe deer in Switzerland following recent recolonization. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8626. [PMID: 35222977 PMCID: PMC8858214 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 1800s, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was probably extirpated from Switzerland, due to overhunting and deforestation. After a federal law was enacted in 1875 to protect lactating females and young, and limiting the hunting season, the roe deer successfully recovered and recolonized Switzerland. In this study, we use mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA markers to investigate the recolonization and assess contemporary genetic structure in relation to broad topographic features, in order to understand underlying ecological processes, inform future roe deer management strategies, and explore the opportunity for development of forensic traceability tools. The results concerning the recolonization origin support natural, multidirectional immigration from neighboring countries. We further demonstrate that there is evidence of weak genetic differentiation within Switzerland among topographic regions. Finally, we conclude that the genetic data support the recognition of a single roe deer management unit within Switzerland, within which there is a potential for broad-scale geographic origin assignment using nuclear markers to support law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vasiljevic
- Zurich Institute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nadja V. Morf
- Zurich Institute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef Senn
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Sílvia Pérez‐Espona
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Federica Mattucci
- ISPRA‐Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca AmbientaleArea per la Genetica della Conservazione BIO‐CGEBolognaItaly
| | - Nadia Mucci
- ISPRA‐Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca AmbientaleArea per la Genetica della Conservazione BIO‐CGEBolognaItaly
| | - Gaia Moore‐Jones
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse‐FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Adelgunde Kratzer
- Zurich Institute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rob Ogden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
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4
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Isolation-by-distance and male-biased dispersal at a fine spatial scale: a study of the common European adder (Vipera berus) in a rural landscape. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Hewison AJM, Gaillard JM, Morellet N, Cagnacci F, Debeffe L, Cargnelutti B, Gehr B, Kröschel M, Heurich M, Coulon A, Kjellander P, Börger L, Focardi S. Sex differences in condition dependence of natal dispersal in a large herbivore: dispersal propensity and distance are decoupled. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202947. [PMID: 33715424 PMCID: PMC7944087 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution should favour plasticity in dispersal decisions in response to spatial heterogeneity in social and environmental contexts. Sex differences in individual optimization of dispersal decisions are poorly documented in mammals, because species where both sexes commonly disperse are rare. To elucidate the sex-specific drivers governing dispersal, we investigated sex differences in condition dependence in the propensity and distance of natal dispersal in one such species, the roe deer, using fine-scale monitoring of 146 GPS-collared juveniles in an intensively monitored population in southwest France. Dispersal propensity increased with body mass in males such that 36% of light individuals dispersed, whereas 62% of heavy individuals did so, but there was no evidence for condition dependence in dispersal propensity among females. By contrast, dispersal distance increased with body mass at a similar rate in both sexes such that heavy dispersers travelled around twice as far as light dispersers. Sex differences in the strength of condition-dependent dispersal may result from different selection pressures acting on the behaviour of males and females. We suggest that females disperse prior to habitat saturation being reached, likely in relation to the risk of inbreeding. By contrast, natal dispersal in males is likely governed by competitive exclusion through male-male competition for breeding opportunities in this strongly territorial mammal. Our study is, to our knowledge, a first demonstration that condition dependence in dispersal propensity and dispersal distance may be decoupled, indicating contrasting selection pressures drive the behavioural decisions of whether or not to leave the natal range, and where to settle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. M. Hewison
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; and LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - J.-M. Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N. Morellet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; and LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - F. Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trentino, Italy
| | - L. Debeffe
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; and LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - B. Cargnelutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; and LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - B. Gehr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Kröschel
- Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, FVA-Wildlife Institute, Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg; and University of Freiburg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Freiburg, DE 79106, Germany
| | - M. Heurich
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Coulon
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-Université PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, MNHN, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Kjellander
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - L. Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S. Focardi
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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Barros T, Ferreira E, Rocha RG, Brotas G, Carranza J, Fonseca C, Torres RT. The Multiple Origins of Roe Deer Populations in Western Iberia and Their Relevance for Conservation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122419. [PMID: 33348694 PMCID: PMC7765819 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Iberian Peninsula is considered a reservoir of genetic diversity and the source for the recolonization of continental Europe by several mammal species, after the last glaciation period. Here, we intended to characterize the genetic patterns and origins of one of those species, the roe deer, through the analysis of different genetic markers, as there is a major knowledge gap about the species’ populations at the western edge of roe deer distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. We found that western Iberia is a diversity hotspot for roe deer, with shared gene pools with other European and Iberian regions, but also with unique genetic elements, particularly the case of the relict population of Peneda Gerês National Park. Due to the distinct genetic diversity that was observed in western Iberian populations, we highlight the importance of these populations as sources of resilience against global changes. Our results provide useful information for the management and conservation of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. We advise transboundary management between Portugal and Spain as a rule, as well as careful evaluation of reintroduction actions, that should take in account the genetic data, in order to maintain the genetic heritage of roe deer in Europe. Abstract The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is native and widespread in Europe and its phylogeography has been clarified in the last decades. Southern peninsulas are considered as reservoirs of genetic diversity and the source for the recolonization of Europe after the last glacial maximum. Even though roe deer populations have been genetically characterized, there is a major knowledge gap about the populations at the western edge of its distribution. To fill this caveat, and based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, we aim to: (i) characterize the genetic diversity and structure of roe deer in western Iberia; (ii) clarify the origins and phylogeographical affinities of these populations, namely the relict population from Peneda Gerês National Park (PNPG, Portugal) and the likely allochthonous populations from central and south (CS) Portugal; (iii) discuss the implications of our findings for the management and conservation of the roe deer. Three major genetic clusters were inferred based on nuclear genotypes and were structured in a similar way as the three major mtDNA clades present in Iberia. Patterns inferred with nuclear markers confirmed PNPG as a relict population. Roe deer from CS Portugal share haplotypes with Central Europe rather than with other western Iberian populations, confirming its mainly allochthonous origin. Our results highlight western Iberia as a diversity hotspot for roe deer. We highlight the role of intraspecific genetic diversity as a source of resilience against ongoing global changes; the need for transboundary management and the importance of genetic data to inform management and conservation. When considered, repopulation or translocation measures should follow the IUCN Law of Reintroductions and meticulously conducted in order to preserve the genetic heritage of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Barros
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Campus Universitário Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.); (C.F.); (R.T.T.)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Campus Universitário Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.); (C.F.); (R.T.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rita Gomes Rocha
- CIBIO-InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Gonçalo Brotas
- ACHLI (Associação de Conservação do Habitat do Lobo Ibérico), Rua 25 de Abril 37, 4740-002 Esposende, Portugal;
| | - Juan Carranza
- Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Colonia San José, 94560 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Campus Universitário Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.); (C.F.); (R.T.T.)
- ForestWISE—Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Tinoco Torres
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Campus Universitário Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.B.); (C.F.); (R.T.T.)
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Buzan E, Gerič U, Potušek S, Flajšman K, Pokorny B. First Insights into the Population Genetic Structure and Heterozygosity-Fitness Relationship in Roe Deer Inhabiting the Area between the Alps and Dinaric Mountains. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122276. [PMID: 33276566 PMCID: PMC7761463 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We determined the genetic variability, population structure, and influence of genetic factors on two parameters of fitness (body mass and reproductive ability) in roe deer females in the contact zone between the Alps and the Dinaric Mountains by utilizing microsatellite variations in 214 individuals collected throughout Slovenia, Central Europe. Spatial differences in the genetic diversity of the species can be explained by population history, different approaches to population management and/or different connectivity among subpopulations. The population genetic structure confirms the high side fidelity of roe deer, but also shows the existence of admixtures of genes among different areas. We found evidence that genetic factors, including individual heterozygosity, influence body mass, confirming that heterozygosity positively affects fitness in wild populations. However, as the effect of genetic factors is usually masked or overruled by the influence of environmental factors, i.e., availability of resources, data on the joint influence of external and intrinsic factors on fitness and other life-history traits are needed to better predict the population dynamics of targeted species, which would enable sustainable, science-based population management. Abstract Across its pan-European distribution, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) faces a wide diversity of environmental and climatic conditions; therefore, several factors, including intrinsic ones, shape life-history traits and cause significant variability in parameters of fitness. By utilizing microsatellite variations in 214 roe deer females collected throughout Slovenia, Central Europe, we determined the genetic variability and population structure of this species in the contact zone between the Alps and the Dinaric Mountains, i.e., over a wider area where data on the genetic outlook for this—the most common and widespread European wild ungulate—have been completely lacking so far. Throughout the country, we found moderate microsatellite diversity (Ho = 0.57–0.65) in relation to the observed heterozygosity reported for other roe deer populations in Europe. Spatial differences in genetic diversity of the species in Slovenia can be explained by population history linked to varying approaches to population management and/or different connectivity among subpopulations in topographically differentiated habitats. A country-wide pattern of genetic structure is clearly defined by separation of the populations into three groups present in the following regions: (i) Southern sub-Mediterranean and Karst regions, (ii) Central Slovenia, and (iii) the Sub-Pannonian Region in the north-east. This is also confirmed by evidencing a moderate isolation by distance, especially by separating southern samples (coastal Slovenia) from others. Levels of genetic differentiation vary among populations, which can be explained by the effect of natural geographical barriers or the presence of anthropogenic barriers such as urban areas and highways. In the subset of 172 yearling females, we analyzed the influence of genetic advantage (individual heterozygosity) and other genetic data (reflected in the structuring of the population) on body mass and reproductive ability. We found evidence that genetic factors influence the body mass of roe deer yearling females (explaining altogether 18.8% of body mass variance), and the level of individual heterozygosity alone also positively affected body mass, which is in accordance with the theory that heterozygosity is commonly positively correlated with fitness in wild populations. However, we did not uncover any effect of heterozygosity on two parameters of reproductive ability (fertility and potential reproductive outcome), indicating that several other factors, especially environmental ones, have a predominant effect on the parameters of fitness in roe deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (U.G.); (S.P.)
- Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Urška Gerič
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (U.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Sandra Potušek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (U.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Katarina Flajšman
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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Ducros D, Morellet N, Patin R, Atmeh K, Debeffe L, Cargnelutti B, Chaval Y, Lourtet B, Coulon A, Hewison AJM. Beyond dispersal versus philopatry? Alternative behavioural tactics of juvenile roe deer in a heterogeneous landscape. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ducros
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Univ CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier FR‐75005 Paris France
- CEFS, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | | | - Rémi Patin
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Kamal Atmeh
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), Univ. Lyon, CNRS Villeurbanne France
| | - Lucie Debeffe
- CEFS, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | | | | | - Bruno Lourtet
- CEFS, Univ. de Toulouse, INRA Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Univ CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier FR‐75005 Paris France
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
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Pagon N, Grignolio S, Brivio F, Marcon A, Apollonio M. Territorial behaviour of male roe deer: a telemetry study of spatial behaviour and activity levels. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a9.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pagon
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
- Slovenia Forest Service, Večna pot 2, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Francesca Brivio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Andrea Marcon
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Marco Apollonio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
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Dubois A, Galan M, Cosson JF, Gauffre B, Henttonen H, Niemimaa J, Razzauti M, Voutilainen L, Vitalis R, Guivier E, Charbonnel N. Microevolution of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) at neutral and immune-related genes during multiannual dynamic cycles: Consequences for Puumala hantavirus epidemiology. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 49:318-329. [PMID: 27956196 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how host dynamics, including variations of population size and dispersal, may affect the epidemiology of infectious diseases through ecological and evolutionary processes is an active research area. Here we focus on a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) metapopulation surveyed in Finland between 2005 and 2009. Bank vole is the reservoir of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), the agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal symptom) in humans. M. glareolus populations experience multiannual density fluctuations that may influence the level of genetic diversity maintained in bank voles, PUUV prevalence and NE occurrence. We examine bank vole metapopulation genetics at presumably neutral markers and immune-related genes involved in susceptibility to PUUV (Tnf-promoter, Tlr4, Tlr7 and Mx2 gene) to investigate the links between population dynamics, microevolutionary processes and PUUV epidemiology. We show that genetic drift slightly and transiently affects neutral and adaptive genetic variability within the metapopulation. Gene flow seems to counterbalance its effects during the multiannual density fluctuations. The low abundance phase may therefore be too short to impact genetic variation in the host, and consequently viral genetic diversity. Environmental heterogeneity does not seem to affect vole gene flow, which might explain the absence of spatial structure previously detected in PUUV in this area. Besides, our results suggest the role of vole dispersal on PUUV circulation through sex-specific and density-dependent movements. We find little evidence of selection acting on immune-related genes within this metapopulation. Footprint of positive selection is detected at Tlr-4 gene in 2008 only. We observe marginally significant associations between Mx2 genotype and PUUV genogroups. These results show that neutral processes seem to be the main factors affecting the evolution of these immune-related genes at a contemporary scale, although the relative effects of neutral and adaptive forces could vary temporally with density fluctuations. Immune related gene polymorphism may in turn partly influence PUUV epidemiology in this metapopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaïde Dubois
- INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Anses, Unité de Virologie, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Maxime Galan
- INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Jean-François Cosson
- INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; INRA-ANSES-ENVA, UMR 0956 BIPAR, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Jukka Niemimaa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-013012 Vantaa, Finland
| | | | - Liina Voutilainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-013012 Vantaa, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Emmanuel Guivier
- Biogeosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
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Biosa D, Scandura M, Tagliavini J, Luccarini S, Mattioli L, Apollonio M. Patterns of genetic admixture between roe deer of different origin in central Italy. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Biosa D, Grignolio S, Sica N, Pagon N, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Do relatives like to stay closer? Spatial organization and genetic relatedness in a mountain roe deer population. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Biosa
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - S. Grignolio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - N. Sica
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - N. Pagon
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - M. Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
| | - M. Apollonio
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources University of Sassari Sassari Italy
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13
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Vanpé C, Debeffe L, Hewison AJM, Quéméré E, Lemaître JF, Galan M, Amblard B, Klein F, Cargnelutti B, Capron G, Merlet J, Warnant C, Gaillard JM. Reduced microsatellite heterozygosity does not affect natal dispersal in three contrasting roe deer populations. Oecologia 2014; 177:631-643. [PMID: 25388875 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although theoretical studies have predicted a link between individual multilocus heterozygosity and dispersal, few empirical studies have investigated the effect of individual heterozygosity on dispersal propensity or distance. We investigated this link using measures of heterozygosity at 12 putatively neutral microsatellite markers and natal dispersal behaviour in three contrasting populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), a species displaying pre-saturation condition-dependent natal dispersal. We found no effect of individual heterozygosity on either dispersal propensity or dispersal distance. Average heterozygosity was similar across the three studied populations, but dispersal propensity and distance differed markedly among them. In Aurignac, dispersal propensity and distance were positively related to individual body mass, whereas there was no detectable effect of body mass on dispersal behaviour in Chizé and Trois Fontaines. We suggest that we should expect both dispersal propensity and distance to be greater when heterozygosity is lower only in those species where dispersal behaviour is driven by density-dependent competition for resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vanpé
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Lucie Debeffe
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A J Mark Hewison
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Galan
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UMR CBGP, (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-Sur-Lez Cedex, France
| | - Britany Amblard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- INRA, UMR CBGP, (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-Sur-Lez Cedex, France
| | - François Klein
- ONCFS, CNERA Cervidés-Sanglier, 1 Place Exelmans, 55000, Bar-Le-Duc, France
| | - Bruno Cargnelutti
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Gilles Capron
- ONCFS, Délégation Inter-Régionale Poitou-Charentes Limousin, 255 route de Bonnes, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Joël Merlet
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA UR35, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claude Warnant
- ONCFS, CNERA Cervidés-Sanglier, 1 Place Exelmans, 55000, Bar-Le-Duc, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), CNRS UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Olano-Marin J, Plis K, Sönnichsen L, Borowik T, Niedziałkowska M, Jędrzejewska B. Weak population structure in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and evidence of introgressive hybridization with Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus) in northeastern Poland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109147. [PMID: 25271423 PMCID: PMC4182808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated contemporary and historical influences on the pattern of genetic diversity of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The study was conducted in northeastern Poland, a zone where vast areas of primeval forests are conserved and where the European roe deer was never driven to extinction. A total of 319 unique samples collected in three sampling areas were genotyped at 16 microsatellites and one fragment (610 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Genetic diversity was high, and a low degree of genetic differentiation among sampling areas was observed with both microsatellites and mtDNA. No evidence of genetic differentiation between roe deer inhabiting open fields and forested areas was found, indicating that the ability of the species to exploit these contrasting environments might be the result of its phenotypic plasticity. Half of the studied individuals carried an mtDNA haplotype that did not belong to C. capreolus, but to a related species that does not occur naturally in the area, the Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus). No differentiation between individuals with Siberian and European mtDNA haplotypes was detected at microsatellite loci. Introgression of mtDNA of Siberian roe deer into the genome of European roe deer has recently been detected in eastern Europe. Such introgression might be caused by human-mediated translocations of Siberian roe deer within the range of European roe deer or by natural hybridization between these species in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Olano-Marin
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kamila Plis
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Leif Sönnichsen
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
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15
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Gauffre B, Berthier K, Inchausti P, Chaval Y, Bretagnolle V, Cosson JF. Short-term variations in gene flow related to cyclic density fluctuations in the common vole. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3214-25. [PMID: 24888708 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In highly fluctuating populations with complex social systems, genetic patterns are likely to vary in space and time due to demographic and behavioural processes. Cyclic rodents are extreme examples of demographically instable populations that often exhibit strong social organization. In such populations, kin structure and spacing behaviour may vary with density fluctuations and impact both the composition and spatial structure of genetic diversity. In this study, we analysed the multiannual genetic structure of a cyclic rodent, Microtus arvalis, using a sample of 875 individuals trapped over three complete cycles (from 1999 to 2007) and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. We tested the predictions that genetic diversity and gene flow intensity vary with density fluctuations. We found evidences for both spatial scale-dependant variations in genetic diversity and higher gene flow during high density. Moreover, investigation of sex-specific relatedness patterns revealed that, although dispersal is biased toward males in this species, distances moved by both sexes were lengthened during high density. Altogether, these results suggest that an increase in migration with density allows to restore the local loss of genetic diversity occurring during low density. We then postulate that this change in migration results from local competition, which enhances female colonization of empty spaces and male dispersal among colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gauffre
- INRA, USC 1339 (CEBC-CNRS), F-79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France; CEBC-CNRS (UMR 7372), F-79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
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16
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Leys M, Petit EJ, El-Bahloul Y, Liso C, Fournet S, Arnaud JF. Spatial genetic structure in Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and Beta macrocarpa reveals the effect of contrasting mating system, influence of marine currents, and footprints of postglacial recolonization routes. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1828-52. [PMID: 24963380 PMCID: PMC4063479 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to population genetic divergence across a species' range is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology and ecological genetics. We examined the relative importance of historical and ecological features in shaping the present-day spatial patterns of genetic structure in two related plant species, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and Beta macrocarpa. Using nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we surveyed 93 populations from Brittany (France) to Morocco – the southern limit of their species' range distribution. Whereas B. macrocarpa showed a genotypic structure and a high level of genetic differentiation indicative of selfing, the population genetic structure of B. vulgaris subsp. maritima was consistent with an outcrossing mating system. We further showed (1) a strong geographic clustering in coastal B. vulgaris subsp. maritima populations that highlighted the influence of marine currents in shaping different lineages and (2) a peculiar genetic structure of inland B. vulgaris subsp. maritima populations that could indicate the admixture of distinct evolutionary lineages and recent expansions associated with anthropogenic disturbances. Spatial patterns of nuclear diversity and differentiation also supported a stepwise recolonization of Europe from Atlantic-Mediterranean refugia after the last glacial period, with leading-edge expansions. However, cytoplasmic diversity was not impacted by postglacial recolonization: stochastic long-distance seed dispersal mediated by major oceanic currents may mitigate the common patterns of reduced cytoplasmic diversity observed for edge populations. Overall, the patterns we documented here challenge the general view of reduced genetic diversity at the edge of a species' range distribution and provide clues for understanding how life-history and major geographic features interact to shape the distribution of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Leys
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, F-59655, France
| | - Eric J Petit
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Station biologique, Université de Rennes 1 Paimpont, F-35380, France
| | - Yasmina El-Bahloul
- Unité d'Amélioration des Plantes Conservation et Valorisation des Ressources Phytogénétiques, Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Rabat, INRA-Maroc Rabat-Instituts, 10101, Morocco
| | - Camille Liso
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, F-59655, France
| | - Sylvain Fournet
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRA - Agrocampus Ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Bât 320, BP35327, Le Rheu Cedex, 35653, France
| | - Jean-François Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, F-59655, France
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17
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Roffler GH, Talbot SL, Luikart G, Sage GK, Pilgrim KL, Adams LG, Schwartz MK. Lack of sex-biased dispersal promotes fine-scale genetic structure in alpine ungulates. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Laurence S, Smith MJ, Schulte-Hostedde AI. Effects of structural connectivity on fine scale population genetic structure of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3524-35. [PMID: 24223287 PMCID: PMC3797496 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In heterogeneous landscapes, physical barriers and loss of structural connectivity have been shown to reduce gene flow and therefore lead to population structuring. In this study, we assessed the influence of landscape features on population genetic structure and gene flow of a semiaquatic species, the muskrat. A total of 97 muskrats were sampled from three watersheds near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. We estimated population genetic structure using 11 microsatellite loci and identified a single genetic cluster and no genetic differences were found among the watersheds as a result of high levels of gene flow. At finer scales, we assessed the correlation between individual pairwise genetic distances and Euclidean distance as well as different models of least cost path (LCP). We used a range of cost values for the landscape types in order to build our LCP models. We found a positive relationship between genetic distance and least cost distance when we considered roads as corridors for movements. Open landscapes and urban areas seemed to restrict but not prevent gene flow within the study area. Our study underlines the high-dispersal ability of generalist species in their use of landscape and highlights how landscape features often considered barriers to animal movements are corridors for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laurence
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
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Cosse M, González S. Demographic characterization and social patterns of the Neotropical pampas deer. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:259. [PMID: 23853746 PMCID: PMC3698438 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The most endangered subspecies of pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus uruguayensis is an endemic cervidae of the Uruguayan temperate grasslands. The aim of our study was to assess the demographic trends, grouping structure and dynamic of this small and isolated population. We surveyed the population during seven years and detected an average of 117 (+ 72.7 SD) individuals (44 censuses). The average population structure observed was 55% adult females, 34% adult males, 10% juveniles, and 1% fawns, with a low recruitment rate of 0.11. The pampas deer is a gregarious cervidae with 62% of individuals being observed within groups of at least three animals. Nevertheless we observed substantial differences on group size and composition based on sex, reproductive status, season and trophic resources availability. The population dynamics showed significant changes around the year in the sexual aggregation-segregation pattern, corresponding with reproductive and physiological status. The mean density on this population (11 deer/ km2) is the highest reported for the species. Comparable data, from other populations, showed a significant correlation between density and sex ratio, with a reduction in the proportion of males with higher deer densities. An action plan for this endangered population should include initiatives involving private landowners, and guidelines to improve the deer habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cosse
- Departamento de Genética, IIBCE-Facultad de Ciencias/UdelaR, Genética de la Conservación, Av. Italia 3318, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
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20
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Exploration as a key component of natal dispersal: dispersers explore more than philopatric individuals in roe deer. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Nagy M, Günther L, Knörnschild M, Mayer F. Female-biased dispersal in a bat with a female-defence mating strategy. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1733-45. [PMID: 23379356 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate causes for predominant male-biased dispersal (MBD) in mammals and female-biased dispersal (FBD) in birds are still subject to much debate. Studying exceptions to general patterns of dispersal, for example, FBD in mammals, provides a valuable opportunity to test the validity of proposed evolutionary pressures. We used long-term behavioural and genetic data on individually banded Proboscis bats (Rhynchonycteris naso) to show that this species is one of the rare mammalian exceptions with FBD. Our results suggest that all females disperse from their natal colonies prior to first reproduction and that a substantial proportion of males are philopatric and reproduce in their natal colonies, although male immigration has also been detected. The age of females at first conception falls below the tenure of males, suggesting that females disperse to avoid father-daughter inbreeding. Male philopatry in this species is intriguing because Proboscis bats do not share the usual mammalian correlates (i.e. resource-defence polygyny and/or kin cooperation) of male philopatry. They have a mating strategy based on female defence, where local mate competition between male kin is supposedly severe and should prevent the evolution of male philopatry. However, in contrast to immigrant males, philopatric males may profit from acquaintance with the natal foraging grounds and may be able to attain dominance easier and/or earlier in life. Our results on Proboscis bats lent additional support to the importance of inbreeding avoidance in shaping sex-biased dispersal patterns and suggest that resource defence by males or kin cooperation cannot fully explain the evolution of male philopatry in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Baker KH, Rus Hoelzel A. Evolution of population genetic structure of the British roe deer by natural and anthropogenic processes (Capreolus capreolus). Ecol Evol 2012; 3:89-102. [PMID: 23403955 PMCID: PMC3568846 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influence typically impacts on natural populations of conservation interest. These interactions are varied and sometimes complex, and may be negative and unintended or associated with conservation and management strategy. Understanding the details of how these interactions influence and are influenced by natural evolutionary processes is essential to the development of effective conservation strategies. In this study, we investigate a species in Britain that has experienced both negative impact through overhunting in historical times and management efforts through culls and translocations. At the same time, there are regional populations that have been less affected by human influence. We use mtDNA and nuclear microsatellite DNA markers to investigate patterns of connectivity and diversity and find multiple insular populations in Britain that probably evolved within the Holocene (when the habitat was free of ice). We identify three concurrent processes. First, surviving indigenous populations show highly provincial patterns of philopatry, maintaining and generating population structure on a small geographic scale. Second, founder populations into habitat extirpated of native populations have expanded, but remained largely insular. Third, introductions into established populations generate some admixture. We discuss the implications for the evolution of diversity of the integration of natural processes with anthropogenic influences on population size and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis H Baker
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Hofmann S, Fritzsche P, Solhøy T, Dorge T, Miehe G. Evidence of Sex-biased Dispersal inThermophis baileyiInferred from Microsatellite Markers. HERPETOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Debeffe L, Morellet N, Cargnelutti B, Lourtet B, Bon R, Gaillard JM, Mark Hewison AJ. Condition-dependent natal dispersal in a large herbivore: heavier animals show a greater propensity to disperse and travel further. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1327. [PMID: 22844997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natal dispersal is defined as the movement between the natal range and the site of first breeding and is one of the most important processes in population dynamics. The choice an individual makes between dispersal and philopatry may be condition dependent, influenced by either phenotypic attributes and/or environmental factors. Interindividual variability in dispersal tactics has profound consequences for population dynamics, particularly with respect to metapopulation maintenance. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this variability is thus of primary interest. We investigated the ranging behaviour of 60 juvenile European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, monitored with GPS collars for 1 year prior to their first reproduction, from 2003 to 2010 in South-West France. Dispersal occurs across a spatial continuum so that dividing individuals into two categories (dispersers vs. philopatric) may lead to information loss. Therefore, to investigate condition-dependent dispersal more accurately, we developed an individual-based measure of dispersal distance, which took into account interindividual variation in ranging behaviour. We assessed the influence of body mass, the degree of habitat heterogeneity and sex on dispersal initiation date, dispersal propensity and distance. The overall population dispersal rate was 0·34, with a mean ± SD linear distance between natal and post-dispersal home ranges of 12·3 ± 10·5 km. Dispersal distances followed a classical leptokurtic distribution. We found no sex bias in either dispersal rate or distance. Forest animals dispersed less than those living in more heterogeneous habitats. Heavier individuals dispersed with a higher probability, earlier and further than lighter individuals. Our individual-based standardised dispersal distance increased linearly with body mass, with some suggestion of a body mass threshold of 14 kg under which no individual dispersed. Natal dispersal in roe deer was thus dependent on both phenotypic attributes and environmental context. Our results suggest that population connectivity can be altered by a change in average body condition and is likely higher in the rich and heterogeneous habitats typical of modern day agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Debeffe
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Morellet
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bruno Cargnelutti
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bruno Lourtet
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Richard Bon
- Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier - CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire "Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive", Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558, Université de Lyon, Université de Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, FR 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - A J Mark Hewison
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Yannic G, Basset P, Büchi L, Hausser J, Broquet T. SCALE-SPECIFIC SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL IN THE VALAIS SHREW UNVEILED BY GENETIC VARIATION ON THE Y CHROMOSOME, AUTOSOMES, AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Evolution 2012; 66:1737-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is expected to generate differences in the fine-scale genetic structure of males and females. Therefore, spatial analyses of multilocus genotypes may offer a powerful approach for detecting sex-biased dispersal in natural populations. However, the effects of sex-biased dispersal on fine-scale genetic structure have not been explored. We used simulations and multilocus spatial autocorrelation analysis to investigate how sex-biased dispersal influences fine-scale genetic structure. We evaluated three statistical tests for detecting sex-biased dispersal: bootstrap confidence intervals about autocorrelation r values and recently developed heterogeneity tests at the distance class and whole correlogram levels. Even modest sex bias in dispersal resulted in significantly different fine-scale spatial autocorrelation patterns between the sexes. This was particularly evident when dispersal was strongly restricted in the less-dispersing sex (mean distance <200 m), when differences between the sexes were readily detected over short distances. All tests had high power to detect sex-biased dispersal with large sample sizes (n ≥ 250). However, there was variation in type I error rates among the tests, for which we offer specific recommendations. We found congruence between simulation predictions and empirical data from the agile antechinus, a species that exhibits male-biased dispersal, confirming the power of individual-based genetic analysis to provide insights into asymmetries in male and female dispersal. Our key recommendations for using multilocus spatial autocorrelation analyses to test for sex-biased dispersal are: (i) maximize sample size, not locus number; (ii) concentrate sampling within the scale of positive structure; (iii) evaluate several distance class sizes; (iv) use appropriate methods when combining data from multiple populations; (v) compare the appropriate groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Banks
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Schubert G, Stoneking CJ, Arandjelovic M, Boesch C, Eckhardt N, Hohmann G, Langergraber K, Lukas D, Vigilant L. Male-mediated gene flow in patrilocal primates. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21514. [PMID: 21747938 PMCID: PMC3128582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many group-living species display strong sex biases in dispersal tendencies. However, gene flow mediated by apparently philopatric sex may still occur and potentially alters population structure. In our closest living evolutionary relatives, dispersal of adult males seems to be precluded by high levels of territoriality between males of different groups in chimpanzees, and has only been observed once in bonobos. Still, male-mediated gene flow might occur through rare events such as extra-group matings leading to extra-group paternity (EGP) and female secondary dispersal with offspring, but the extent of this gene flow has not yet been assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using autosomal microsatellite genotyping of samples from multiple groups of wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), we found low genetic differentiation among groups for both males and females. Characterization of Y-chromosome microsatellites revealed levels of genetic differentiation between groups in bonobos almost as high as those reported previously in eastern chimpanzees, but lower levels of differentiation in western chimpanzees. By using simulations to evaluate the patterns of Y-chromosomal variation expected under realistic assumptions of group size, mutation rate and reproductive skew, we demonstrate that the observed presence of multiple and highly divergent Y-haplotypes within western chimpanzee and bonobo groups is best explained by successful male-mediated gene flow. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The similarity of inferred rates of male-mediated gene flow and published rates of EGP in western chimpanzees suggests this is the most likely mechanism of male-mediated gene flow in this subspecies. In bonobos more data are needed to refine the estimated rate of gene flow. Our findings suggest that dispersal patterns in these closely related species, and particularly for the chimpanzee subspecies, are more variable than previously appreciated. This is consistent with growing recognition of extensive behavioral variation in chimpanzees and bonobos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Schubert
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Junior Research Group Novel Zoonoses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Eckhardt
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Langergraber
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dieter Lukas
- Large Animal Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Yan JC, Zhu FH, Wu HL. Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the frog Pelophylax hubeiensis. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:268-72. [PMID: 21341219 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an (AC)n- and (AG)n-enriched DNA library for the endemic Chinese frog Pelophylax hubeiensis (Ranidae). The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, with a mean of 5.17. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.226 to 0.839 and from 0.204 to 0.826, with means of 0.568 and 0.656, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among these loci. However, two significant deviations from HWE were discovered at loci Pehu-11 and Pehu-12 (P<0.05). MICRO-CHECKER tests showed that null alleles could be present at locus Pehu-12. These polymorphic microsatellite loci can be employed for exploring mating mechanisms, population genetic structure and other relevant genetic investigations of P. hubeiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety, Anhui Province, China
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29
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Bonnot N, Gaillard JM, Coulon A, Galan M, Cosson JF, Delorme D, Klein F, Hewison AJM. No difference between the sexes in fine-scale spatial genetic structure of roe deer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14436. [PMID: 21203388 PMCID: PMC3010998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on spatial genetic patterns may provide information about the ecological and behavioural mechanisms underlying population structure. Indeed, social organization and dispersal patterns of species may be reflected by the pattern of genetic structure within a population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population in Trois-Fontaines (France) using 12 microsatellite loci. The roe deer is weakly polygynous and highly sedentary, and can form matrilineal clans. We show that relatedness among individuals was negatively correlated with geographic distance, indicating that spatially proximate individuals are also genetically close. More unusually for a large mammalian herbivore, the link between relatedness and distance did not differ between the sexes, which is consistent with the lack of sex-biased dispersal and the weakly polygynous mating system of roe deer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results contrast with previous reports on highly polygynous species with male-biased dispersal, such as red deer, where local genetic structure was detected in females only. This divergence between species highlights the importance of socio-spatial organization in determining local genetic structure of vertebrate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bonnot
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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30
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PÉREZ-ESPONA S, PÉREZ-BARBERÍA FJ, JIGGINS CD, GORDON IJ, PEMBERTON JM. Variable extent of sex-biased dispersal in a strongly polygynous mammal. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3101-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Le Gouar PJ, Vallet D, David L, Bermejo M, Gatti S, Levréro F, Petit EJ, Ménard N. How Ebola impacts genetics of Western lowland gorilla populations. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8375. [PMID: 20020045 PMCID: PMC2791222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are major threats for both human health and biodiversity conservation. Infectious diseases can have serious consequences for the genetic diversity of populations, which could enhance the species' extinction probability. The Ebola epizootic in western and central Africa induced more than 90% mortality in Western lowland gorilla population. Although mortality rates are very high, the impacts of Ebola on genetic diversity of Western lowland gorilla have never been assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings We carried out long term studies of three populations of Western lowland gorilla in the Republic of the Congo (Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Lossi gorilla sanctuary both affected by Ebola and Lossi's periphery not affected). Using 17 microsatellite loci, we compared genetic diversity and structure of the populations and estimate their effective size before and after Ebola outbreaks. Despite the effective size decline in both populations, we did not detect loss in genetic diversity after the epizootic. We revealed temporal changes in allele frequencies in the smallest population. Conclusions/Significance Immigration and short time elapsed since outbreaks could explain the conservation of genetic diversity after the demographic crash. Temporal changes in allele frequencies could not be explained by genetic drift or random sampling. Immigration from genetically differentiated populations and a non random mortality induced by Ebola, i.e., selective pressure and cost of sociality, are alternative hypotheses. Understanding the influence of Ebola on gorilla genetic dynamics is of paramount importance for human health, primate evolution and conservation biology.
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Pérez-González J, Carranza J. Female-biased dispersal under conditions of low male mating competition in a polygynous mammal. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4617-30. [PMID: 19840261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is a common phenomenon in birds and mammals. Competition for mates has been argued to be an important selective pressure favouring dispersal. Sexual differences in the level of intrasexual competition may produce asymmetries in the costs-benefits balance of dispersal and philopatry for males and females, which may favour male-biased dispersal in polygynous species such as most mammals. This being the case, condition-dependent dispersal predicts that male-bias should decrease if mating competition relaxes. We test this expectation for red deer, where male-biased dispersal is the norm. In southwestern Spain, red deer populations located in nonfenced hunting estates presented altered structures with sex ratio strongly biased to females and high proportion of young males. As a consequence, mate competition in these populations was lower than in other, most typical red deer populations. We found that, under such conditions of altered population structure, dispersal was female-biased rather than male-biased. Additionally, mate competition positively related to male dispersal but negatively to female dispersal. Other factors such as resource competition, age of individuals and sex ratio were not related to male or female dispersal. Males may not disperse if intrasexual competition is low and then females may disperse as a response to male philopatry. We propose hypotheses related to female mate choice to explain female dispersal under male philopatry. The shift of the sex-biased dispersal pattern along the gradient of mate competition highlights its condition-dependence as well as the interaction between male and female dispersal in the evolution of sex-biased dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-González
- Biology and Ethology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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Gauffre B, Petit E, Brodier S, Bretagnolle V, Cosson JF. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3487-94. [PMID: 19586945 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis, a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F(ST) analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gauffre
- INRA-EFPA, UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
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Gene flow and natal dispersal in the Siberian flying squirrel based on direct and indirect data. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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VANPÉ C, KJELLANDER P, GAILLARD JM, COSSON JF, GALAN M, HEWISON AJM. Multiple paternity occurs with low frequency in the territorial roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Gaillard JM, Hewison AJM, Kjellander P, Pettorelli N, Bonenfant C, Van Moorter B, Liberg O, Andren H, Van Laere G, Klein F, Angibault JM, Coulon A, Vanpé C. Population density and sex do not influence fine-scale natal dispersal in roe deer. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:2025-30. [PMID: 18505718 PMCID: PMC2596358 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that the propensity to disperse and the dispersal distance of mammals should increase with increasing density and be greater among males than among females. However, most empirical evidence, especially on large mammals, has focused on highly polygynous and dimorphic species displaying female-defence mating tactics. We tested these predictions on roe deer, a weakly polygynous species of large herbivore exhibiting a resource-defence mating tactic at a fine spatial scale. Using three long-term studies of populations that were subject to the experimental manipulation of size, we did not find any support for either prediction, whether in terms of dispersal probability or dispersal distance. Our findings of similar dispersal patterns in both sexes of roe deer suggest that the underlying cause of natal dispersal is not related to inbreeding avoidance in this species. The absence of positive density dependence in fine-scale dispersal behaviour suggests that roe deer natal dispersal is a pre-saturation process that is shaped by heterogeneities in habitat quality rather than by density per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Gaillard
- UMR 5558 Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Bâtiment 711, UCB Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Nagy M, Heckel G, Voigt CC, Mayer F. Female-biased dispersal and patrilocal kin groups in a mammal with resource-defence polygyny. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 274:3019-25. [PMID: 17913693 PMCID: PMC2291157 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammals, dispersal rates are higher in males than in females. Using behavioural and genetic data of individually marked bats, we show that this general pattern is reversed in the greater sac-winged bat (Saccopteryx bilineata). Dispersal is significantly female biased and male philopatry in combination with rare male immigration causes a patrilineal colony structure. Female dispersal helps avoid father-daughter inbreeding, as male tenure exceeds female age at first breeding in this bat species. Furthermore, our data suggest that females may engage in extra-harem copulations to mate with genetically dissimilar males, and thus avoid their male descendants as mating partners. Acquaintance with the natal colony might facilitate territory takeover since male sac-winged bats queue for harem access. Given the virtual absence of male immigration and the possible lower reproductive success of dispersing males, we argue that enhancing the likelihood of settlement of male descendants could be adaptive despite local mate competition. We conclude that resource defence by males is important in promoting male philopatry, and argue that the potential overlap of male tenure and female first conception is the driving force for females to disperse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nagy
- Department of Zoology, University of Erlangen-NurembergStaudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Zoological Institute, University of BernBaltzerstraße 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchAlfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Department of Zoology, University of Erlangen-NurembergStaudtstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Author for correspondence ()
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Dupont PP, Bourret V, Bernatchez L. Interplay between ecological, behavioural and historical factors in shaping the genetic structure of sympatric walleye populations (Sander vitreus). Mol Ecol 2007; 16:937-51. [PMID: 17305852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Disentangling ecological, behavioural and evolutionary factors responsible for the presence of stable population structure within wild populations has long been challenging to population geneticists. This study primarily aimed at decoding population structure of wild walleye (Sander vitreus) populations of Mistassini Lake (Québec, Canada) in order to define source populations to be used for the study of spatial partitioning using individual-based multilocus assignment methods, and decipher the dynamics of individual dispersal and resulting patterns of spatial resource partitioning and connectivity among populations. A second objective was to elucidate the relationships between biological characteristics (sex, size, age and population of origin) and an individual's probability to migrate and/or disperse. To do so, a total of 780 spawning individuals caught on five distinct spawning sites, and 1165 postspawning individuals, captured over two sampling seasons (2002-2003) were analysed by means of eight microsatellite loci. Four temporally stable walleye populations associated with distinct reproductive grounds were detected. These populations were differentially distributed among lake sectors during their feeding migration and their spatial distribution was stable over the two sampling seasons. Dispersing individuals were identified (n=61); these revealed asymmetrical patterns of dispersal between populations, which was also confirmed by divergent admixture proportions. Regression models underlined population of origin as the only factor explaining differential dispersal of individuals among populations. An analysis of covariance (ancova) indicated that larger individuals tended to migrate from their river of origin further away in the lake relative to smaller fish. In summary, this study underlined the relevance of using individual-based assignment methods for deciphering dynamics of connectivity among wild populations, especially regarding behavioural mechanisms such as differential spatial partitioning and dispersal responsible for the maintenance of genetic population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Philippe Dupont
- Québec-Ocean, Département de biologie, Pavillon Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4.
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40
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Goossens B, Setchell JM, James SS, Funk SM, Chikhi L, Abulani A, Ancrenaz M, Lackman-Ancrenaz I, Bruford MW. Philopatry and reproductive success in Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Mol Ecol 2006; 15:2577-88. [PMID: 16842428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural observations suggest that orang-utans are semi-solitary animals with females being philopatric and males roaming more widely in search of receptive partners, leading to the prediction that females are more closely related than males at any given site. In contrast, our study presents evidence for male and female philopatry in the orang-utan. We examined patterns of relatedness and parentage in a wild orang-utan population in Borneo using noninvasively collected DNA samples from animals observed to defecate, and microsatellite markers to assess dispersal and mating strategies. Surprisingly, resident females were equally as related to other resident females (mean r(xy) = 0.303) as resident males were to other resident males (mean r(xy) = 0.305). Moreover, resident females were more related to each other and to the resident males than they were to nonresident females, and resident males were more related to each other (and resident females) than they were to nonresident males. We assigned genetic mothers to 12 individuals in the population, while sires could be identified for eight. Both flanged males and unflanged males achieved paternity, similar to findings reported for Sumatran orang-utans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Goossens
- Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK.
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