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Sugiura S, Hayashi M. Defenses of whirligig beetles against native and invasive frogs. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17214. [PMID: 38646489 PMCID: PMC11027905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Many native insects have evolved defenses against native predators. However, their defenses may not protect them from non-native predators due to a limited shared history. The American bullfrog, Aquarana catesbeiana (Anura: Ranidae), which has been intentionally introduced to many countries, is believed to impact native aquatic animals through direct predation. Adults of whirligig beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae), known for swimming and foraging on the water surface of ponds and streams, reportedly possess chemical defenses against aquatic predators, such as fish. Although whirligig beetles potentially encounter both bullfrogs and other frogs in ponds and lakes, the effectiveness of their defenses against frogs has been rarely studied. To assess whether whirligig beetles can defend against native and non-native frogs, we observed the behavioral responses of the native pond frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae), and the invasive non-native bullfrog, A. catesbeiana, to native whirligig beetles, Gyrinus japonicus and Dineutus orientalis, in Japan. Adults of whirligig beetles were provided to frogs under laboratory conditions. Forty percent of G. japonicus and D.orientalis were rejected by P. nigromaculatus, while all whirligig beetles were easily consumed by A. catesbeiana. Chemical and other secondary defenses of G. japonicus and D. orientalis were effective for some individuals of P. nigromaculatus but not for any individuals of A. catesbeiana. These results suggest that native whirligig beetles suffer predation by invasive non-native bullfrogs in local ponds and lakes in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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2
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Sugiura S, Hayashi M. Bombardiers and assassins: mimetic interactions between unequally defended insects. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15380. [PMID: 37304866 PMCID: PMC10252827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In defensive mimicry, resemblance between unequally defended species can be parasitic; this phenomenon has been termed quasi-Batesian mimicry. Few studies have used real co-mimics and their predators to test whether the mimetic interactions were parasitic. Here, we investigated the mimetic interaction between two well-defended insect species, the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the assassin bug Sirthenea flavipes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), using their potential predator, the pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae), which coexists with these insect species in the same habitat in Japan. We observed behavioural responses of this frog species (adults and juveniles) to adult Ph. occipitalis jessoensis and adult S. flavipes under laboratory conditions. Among the frogs, 100% and 75% rejected Ph. occipitalis jessoensis and S. flavipes, respectively, suggesting that, compared with the assassin bug S. flavipes, the bombardier beetle Ph. occipitalis jessoensis is more well-defended against frogs. An assassin bug or a bombardier beetle was provided to a frog that had encountered the other insect species. Frogs with a history of assassin bug encounter demonstrated a lower rate of attack toward bombardier beetles. Similarly, frogs with a history of bombardier beetle encounter demonstrated a lower rate of attack toward assassin bugs. Therefore, both the bombardier beetle Ph. occipitalis jessoensis and the assassin bug S. flavipes benefit from the mimetic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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3
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Matsumura K, Miyatake T. Latitudinal cline of death-feigning behaviour in a beetle ( Tribolium castaneum). Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230028. [PMID: 36987613 PMCID: PMC10050934 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Death-feigning behaviour is a phenomenon in which a prey is rendered motionless due to stimulation or threat from a predator. This anti-predator defence mechanism has been observed across numerous animal taxa and is considered adaptive in nature. However, longer durations of death feigning can result in decreased opportunities for feeding and reproduction, and therefore is often associated with fitness costs as compared to environments without predators. Differences have also been observed in the frequencies and durations of death feigning within populations, and these differences are thought to be influenced by the balance between survival and other fitness costs. Furthermore, this balance is predicted to vary in response to changes in environmental conditions. In this study, we examined the death feigning in 38 populations of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Our results demonstrate that frequencies and durations of the death feigning in T. castaneum show geographical variations and a latitude cline, indicating that this behaviour is influenced by location as well as latitude. This study is the first to demonstrate the existence of a latitudinal cline in death feigning and suggests that death-feigning behaviour might have evolved in response to environmental factors that vary with latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyatake
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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4
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Okada K, Kumano N. Reproduction-related interactions and loads induce continuous turn alternation leading to linearity in a terrestrial isopod. Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carli G, Farabollini F. Defensive responses in invertebrates: Evolutionary and neural aspects. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 271:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carli G, Farabollini F. Tonic immobility as a survival, adaptive response and as a recovery mechanism. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 271:305-329. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Some animals have evolved chemical weapons to deter predators. Bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) can eject toxic chemicals at temperatures of 100 °C from the tips of their abdomens, ‘bombing’ the attackers. Although some bombardier beetles can reportedly deter predators, few studies have tested whether bombing is essential for successful defence. Praying mantises (Mantodea) are ambush predators that attack various arthropods. However, it is unclear whether bombardier beetles deter mantises. To test the defensive function of bombing against praying mantises, I observed three mantis species, Tenodera sinensis, Tenodera angustipennis, and Hierodula patellifera (Mantidae), attacking the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus jessoensis (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) under laboratory conditions. All mantises easily caught the beetles using their raptorial forelegs, but released them immediately after being bombed. All of the counterattacked mantises were observed to groom the body parts sprayed with hot chemicals after releasing the beetles. When treated P. jessoensis that were unable to eject hot chemicals were provided, all mantises successfully caught and devoured the treated beetles. Therefore, bombing is essential for the successful defence of P. jessoensis against praying mantises. Consequently, P. jessoensis can always deter mantises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
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8
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Matsumura K. Relationship between death-feigning behavior and population density in a beetle. J ETHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-021-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadaka AH, Ozuna AG, Ortiz RJ, Kulkarni P, Johnson CT, Bradshaw HB, Cushing BS, Li AL, Hohmann AG, Ferris CF. Cannabidiol has a unique effect on global brain activity: a pharmacological, functional MRI study in awake mice. J Transl Med 2021; 19:220. [PMID: 34030718 PMCID: PMC8142641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits anxiolytic activity and has been promoted as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders. How does CBD interact with the brain to alter behavior? We hypothesized that CBD would produce a dose-dependent reduction in brain activity and functional coupling in neural circuitry associated with fear and defense. Methods During the scanning session awake mice were given vehicle or CBD (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg I.P.) and imaged for 10 min post treatment. Mice were also treated with the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD and imaged 1 h later for resting state BOLD functional connectivity (rsFC). Imaging data were registered to a 3D MRI mouse atlas providing site-specific information on 138 different brain areas. Blood samples were collected for CBD measurements. Results CBD produced a dose-dependent polarization of activation along the rostral-caudal axis of the brain. The olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex showed an increase in positive BOLD whereas the brainstem and cerebellum showed a decrease in BOLD signal. This negative BOLD affected many areas connected to the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). The ARAS was decoupled to much of the brain but was hyperconnected to the olfactory system and prefrontal cortex. Conclusion The CBD-induced decrease in ARAS activity is consistent with an emerging literature suggesting that CBD reduces autonomic arousal under conditions of emotional and physical stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02891-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen H Sadaka
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana G Ozuna
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard J Ortiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare T Johnson
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bruce S Cushing
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas At El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 NI Hall, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA.
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Golubović A, Anđelković M, Tomović L, Arsovski D, Gvozdenović S, Šukalo G, Ajtić R, Bonnet X. Death‐feigning propensity varies within dice snake populations but not with sex or colour morph. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Golubović
- Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Anđelković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - L. Tomović
- Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - D. Arsovski
- Macedonian Ecological Society Skopje North Macedonia
| | | | - G. Šukalo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - R. Ajtić
- Natural History Museum in Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - X. Bonnet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé Villiers‐en‐Bois France
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Baškiera S, Gvoždík L. Thermal dependence and individual variation in tonic immobility varies between sympatric amphibians. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102896. [PMID: 33863452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is an important antipredator response employed by prey in the last stages of a predation sequence. Evolution by natural selection assumes consistent individual variation (repeatability) in this trait. In ectotherms, which experience variable body temperatures, TI should be repeatable over a thermal gradient to be targeted by natural selection; however, information on thermal repeatability of this trait is missing. We examined thermal repeatability of TI in juveniles of two sympatric amphibians, smooth (Lissotriton vulgaris) and alpine (Ichthyosaura alpestris) newts. Both species showed disparate TI responses to body temperature variation (13-28 °C). While the proportion of TI response was repeatable in both taxa, it increased with body temperature in alpine newts but was temperature independent in smooth newts. Duration of TI decreased with body temperature in both taxa but was only repeatable in smooth newts. Our results suggest that a warming climate may affect population dynamics of sympatric ectotherms through asymmetry in thermal reaction norms for antipredator responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Baškiera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ishihara R, Matsumura K, Jones JE, Yuhao J, Fujisawa R, Nagaya N, Miyatake T. Arousal from death feigning by vibrational stimuli: comparison of Tribolium species. J ETHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-020-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Kuephadungphan W, Tasanathai K, Petcharad B, Khonsanit A, Stadler M, Luangsa-Ard JJ. Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand. MycoKeys 2020; 72:17-42. [PMID: 32963487 PMCID: PMC7481265 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thailand is known to be a part of what is called the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, hosting a vast array of organisms across its diverse ecosystems. This is reflected by the increasing number of new species described over time, especially fungi. However, a very few fungal species from the specialized spider-parasitic genus Gibellula have ever been reported from this region. A survey of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in Thailand over several decades has led to the discovery of a number of fungal specimens with affinities to this genus. Integration of morphological traits into multi-locus phylogenetic analysis uncovered four new species: G.cebrennini, G.fusiformispora, G.pigmentosinum, and G.scorpioides. All these appear to be exclusively linked with torrubiella-like sexual morphs with the presence of granulomanus-like asexual morph in G.pigmentosinum and G.cebrennini. A remarkably high host specificity of these new species towards their spider hosts was revealed, and for the first time, evidence is presented for manipulation of host behavior in G.scorpioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilawan Kuephadungphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Kanoksri Tasanathai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Booppa Petcharad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Artit Khonsanit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
| | - J Jennifer Luangsa-Ard
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Pathum Thani Thailand
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Konishi K, Matsumura K, Sakuno W, Miyatake T. Death feigning as an adaptive anti-predator behaviour: Further evidence for its evolution from artificial selection and natural populations. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1120-1128. [PMID: 32426887 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Death feigning is considered to be an adaptive antipredator behaviour. Previous studies on Tribolium castaneum have shown that prey which death feign have a fitness advantage over those that do not when using a jumping spider as the predator. Whether these effects are repeatable across species or whether they can be seen in nature is, however, unknown. Therefore, the present study involved two experiments: (a) divergent artificial selection for the duration of death feigning using a related species T. freemani as prey and a predatory bug as predator, demonstrating that previous results are repeatable across both prey and predator species, and (b) comparison of the death-feigning duration of T. castaneum populations collected from field sites with and without predatory bugs. In the first experiment, T. freemani adults from established selection regimes with longer durations of death feigning had higher survival rates and longer latency to being preyed on when they were placed with predatory bugs than the adults from regimes selected for shorter durations of death feigning. As a result, the adaptive significance of death-feigning behaviour was demonstrated in another prey-predator system. In the second experiment, wild T. castaneum beetles from populations with predators feigned death longer than wild beetles from predator-free populations. Combining the results from these two experiments with those from previous studies provided strong evidence that predators drive the evolution of longer death feigning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Konishi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakuno
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyatake
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Shinohara T, Takami Y. Functional diversity and trade-offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5089-5096. [PMID: 32551084 PMCID: PMC7297758 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions may be responsible for enormous morphological diversity in prey species. We performed predation experiments with morphological manipulations (ablation) to investigate the defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles against three types of predators: assassin bugs (stinger), crab spiders (biter), and tree frogs (swallower). There was mixed support for the importance of primary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing detection or identification). Intact spined prey possessing dorsal spines were more likely to be attacked by assassin bugs and tree frogs, while intact armored prey possessing explanate margins were likely to avoid attack by assassin bugs. In support of the secondary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing subjugation), dorsal spines had a significant physical defensive function against tree frogs, and explanate margins protected against assassin bugs and crab spiders. Our results suggest a trade-off between primary and secondary defenses. Dorsal spines improved the secondary defense but weakened the primary defense against tree frogs. We also detected a trade-off in which dorsal spines and explanate margins improved secondary defenses against mutually exclusive predator types. Adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade-offs may mediate the diversification of external morphological defenses in Cassidinae leaf beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shinohara
- Graduate School of Human Development & EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development & EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
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Cazzolla Gatti R, Messina G, Tiralongo F, Ursino LA, Lombardo BM. Learning from the environment: how predation changes the behavior of terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea Oniscidea). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2019.1640799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Forestry and Natural Resources Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Giuseppina Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Section “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Section “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A. Ursino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Section “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Bianca M. Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Section “M. La Greca”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Miyatake T, Matsumura K, Kitayama R, Otsuki K, Yuhao J, Fujisawa R, Nagaya N. Arousal from Tonic Immobility by Vibration Stimulus. Behav Genet 2019; 49:478-483. [PMID: 31227945 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is an effective anti-predator strategy. However, long immobility status on the ground increases the risk of being eaten by predators, and thus insects must rouse themselves when appropriate stimulation is provided. Here, the strength of vibration causing arousal from the state of TI was examined in strains artificially selected for longer duration of TI (L-strains: long sleeper) in a beetle. We provided different strengths of vibration stimuli to the long sleepers in Tribolium castaneum. Although immobilized beetles were never awakened by the stimuli from 0.01 to 0.12 mm in amplitude, almost of the beetles were aroused from immobilized status by the stimulus at 0.21 mm. There was a difference in sensitivity of individuals when the stimuli of 0.14 mm and 0.18 mm were provided. F2 individuals were also bred by crossing experiments of the strains selected for shorter and longer duration of TI. The arousal sensitivity to vibration was well separated in the F2 individuals. A positive relationship was observed between the duration of TI and the vibration amplitude, suggesting that immobilized beetles are difficult to arouse from a deep sleep, while light sleepers are easily aroused by even small vibrations. The results indicate a genetic basis for sensitivity to arousal from TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Miyatake
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kentarou Matsumura
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Kitayama
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Otsuki
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ji Yuhao
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Fujisawa
- School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Naohisa Nagaya
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Romano D, Benelli G, Stefanini C. Encoding lateralization of jump kinematics and eye use in a locust via bio-robotic artifacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.187427. [PMID: 30446536 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of previous exposure to lateral sensory stimuli in shaping the response to subsequent symmetric stimuli represents an important overlooked issue in neuroethology, with special reference to arthropods. In this research, we investigated the hypothesis to 'programme' jumping escape direction as well as surveillance orientation in young and adult individuals of Locusta migratoria as an adaptive consequence of prior exposure to directional-biased predator approaches generated by a robotic leopard gecko representing Eublepharis macularius The manipulation of the jumping escape direction was successfully achieved in young locusts, although young L. migratoria did not exhibit innately lateralized jumping escapes. Jumping escape direction was also successfully manipulated in adult locusts, which exhibited innate lateralized jumping escape at the individual level. The innate lateralization of each instar of L. migratoria in using a preferential eye during surveillance was not affected by prior lateralized exposure to the robotic gecko. Our results indicate a high plasticity of the escape motor outputs that are occurring almost in real time with the perceived stimuli, making them greatly adaptable and compliant to environmental changes in order to be effective and reliable. In addition, surveillance lateralization innately occurs at population level in each instar of L. migratoria Therefore, its low forgeability by environmental factors would avoid disorganization at swarm level and improve swarm coordination during group tasks. These findings are consistent with the fact that, as in vertebrates, in insects the right hemisphere is specialized in controlling fear and escape functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Romano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Labaude S, O'Donnell N, Griffin CT. Description of a personality syndrome in a common and invasive ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:17479. [PMID: 30504923 PMCID: PMC6269510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal personality, defined as consistent differences among individuals in their behaviour, is being increasingly studied as it might lead to a new understanding of the evolution of behaviours. Despite a clear interest in studying personality in a wide range of taxa for comparative analyses, studies on invertebrates are still scarce. Here, we investigated the personality of a ground beetle, Nebria brevicollis, which is widespread in Europe and invasive in North America. We measured seven behavioural traits from an array of three different tests: (i) activity and exploration related traits; (ii) reaction to a threat, and (iii) phototaxis. The repeatability was tested by measuring all behaviours twice, on different days. All behavioural traits were consistent through time, highlighting the presence of personality in the beetle. In addition, we analysed the relationship between the different traits and highlighted two clusters of behaviours (behavioural syndrome), one grouping activity, exploration and boldness traits, and a second one consisting of responses to a threat. This study is the first to our knowledge to provide evidence for personality dimensions within the vast group of the Carabidae. It also constitutes a preliminary step in the experimental investigation of the importance of animal personality in invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Labaude
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
| | - Niamh O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Sugiura S. Anti-predator defences of a bombardier beetle: is bombing essential for successful escape from frogs? PeerJ 2018; 6:e5942. [PMID: 30533294 PMCID: PMC6276596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some animals, such as the bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachinini), have evolved chemical defences against predators. When attacked, bombardier beetles can discharge noxious chemicals at temperatures of approximately 100 °C from the tip of their abdomens, "bombing" their attackers. Although many studies to date have investigated how bombardier beetles discharge defensive chemicals against predators, relatively little research has examined how predators modify their attacks on bombardier beetles to avoid being bombed. In this study, I observed the black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Anura: Ranidae) attacking the bombardier beetle Pheropsophus jessoensis under laboratory conditions. In Japan, Pe. nigromaculatus is a generalist predator in grasslands where the bombardier beetle frequently occurs. Almost all the frogs (92.9%) observed rejected live bombardier beetles; 67.9% stopped their attacks once their tongues touched the beetles, and 25.0% spat out the beetles immediately after taking the beetles into their mouths. No beetle bombed a frog before being taken into a frog's mouth. All beetles taken into mouths bombed the frogs. Only 7.1% of the frogs swallowed live bombardier beetles after being bombed in the mouth. When dead beetles were provided instead, 85.7% of the frogs rejected the dead beetles, 71.4% stopped their attacks after their tongues touched the beetles, and 14.3% spat out the beetles. Only 14.3% of the frogs swallowed the dead beetles. The results suggest that the frogs tended to stop their predatory attack before receiving a bombing response from the beetles. Therefore, bombing was not essential for the beetles to successfully defend against the frogs. Using its tongue, Pe. nigromaculatus may be able to rapidly detect a deterrent chemical or physical characteristics of its potential prey Ph. jessoensis and thus avoid injury by stopping its predatory attack before the beetle bombs it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Thanatosis is a common phenomenon in which prey appear to feign death when attacked by predators. It was once widely believed that thanatosis exploited predators' tendencies to avoid dead prey. However, this hypothesis has never been tested, and its feasibility has been questioned to the point that it has been largely abandoned [1,2]. Here, I show that naive birds quickly learned that dead Indian stick insects Carausius morosus were unpalatable, and subsequently rejected live insects that displayed thanatosis, but not those that failed to show thanatosis. Thanatosis had no effect on the behavior of birds that had never experienced dead insects, or those that had experienced dead insects whose resemblance to thanatosic insects had been destroyed. Therefore, thanatosis clearly caused predators to avoid prey that they mistakenly perceived to be dead.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Skelhorn
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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22
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Abe T, Fujiyama N, Tomimatsu H, Nagayama T. Age-dependent and social status-dependent behavioural plasticity of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Bilska A, Francikowski J, Wyglenda A, Masłowski A, Kaszyca N, Depa Ł. Aphids Playing Possum - Defensive or Mutualistic Response? JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR 2018; 31:42-53. [PMID: 29527095 PMCID: PMC5834575 DOI: 10.1007/s10905-018-9662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Paper presents the phenomenon of thanatosis or death-feigning in selected aphids species. This specific reaction was predominantly analysed on the example of aphid subfamily Lachninae. Individuals of this group were used in experiments, during which a thanatotic response was induced with various results. The response differed from prolonged thanatosis, lasting for several minutes (Eulachnus rileyi), through shrinking behaviour (e. g. in Stomaphis graffii) to non-responsive species such as Cinara (Schizolachnus) pineti. The large interspecies variation of observed responses can be linked to other defensive mechanisms existing in the studied species, as well as to their mutualistic relationship with ants. The behaviour of shrinking is hypothesized to be the mutualistic response, developed from thanatosis, and being adapted to transportation by ant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bilska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Association of Zoologists “Fauantycy”, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Francikowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wyglenda
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Association of Zoologists “Fauantycy”, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Masłowski
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Association of Zoologists “Fauantycy”, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Kaszyca
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Association of Zoologists “Fauantycy”, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Depa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018; 72:22. [PMID: 29386702 PMCID: PMC5769822 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Thanatosis—also known as death-feigning and, we argue more appropriately, tonic immobility (TI)—is an under-reported but fascinating anti-predator strategy adopted by diverse prey late on in the predation sequence, and frequently following physical contact by the predator. TI is thought to inhibit further attack by predators and reduce the perceived need of the predator to subdue prey further. The behaviour is probably present in more taxa than is currently described, but even within well-studied groups the precise taxonomic distribution is unclear for a number of practical and ethical reasons. Here we synthesise the key studies investigating the form, function, evolutionary and ecological costs and benefits of TI. This review also considers the potential evolutionary influence of certain predator types in the development of the strategy in prey, and the other non-defensive contexts in which TI has been suggested to occur. We believe that there is a need for TI to be better appreciated in the scientific literature and outline potentially profitable avenues for investigation. Future use of technology in the wild should yield useful developments for this field of study. Significance statement Anti-predatory defences are crucial to many aspects of behavioural ecology. Thanatosis (often called death-feigning) has long been an under-appreciated defence, despite being taxonomically and ecologically widespread. We begin by providing much-needed clarification on both terminology and definition. We demonstrate how apparently disparate observations in the recent literature can be synthesised through placing the behaviour within a cost-benefit framework in comparison to alternative behavioural choices, and how aspects of the ecology differentially affect costs and benefits. Extending this, we provide novel insights into why the evolution of thanatosis can be understood in terms of coevolution between predators and prey. We offer further novel hypotheses, and discuss how these can be tested, focussing on how emerging technologies can be of great use in developing our understanding of thanatosis in free-living animals.
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25
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Passos LF, Garcia G, Young RJ. The tonic immobility test: Do wild and captive golden mantella frogs (Mantella aurantiaca) have the same response? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181972. [PMID: 28732029 PMCID: PMC5521826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptations to captivity that reduce fitness are one of many reasons, which explain the low success rate of reintroductions. One way of testing this hypothesis is to compare an important behavioural response in captive and wild members of the same species. Thanatosis, is an anti-predator strategy that reduces the risk of death from predation, which is a common behavioral response in frogs. The study subjects for this investigation were captive and wild populations of Mantella aurantiaca. Thanatosis reaction was measured using the Tonic Immobility (TI) test, a method that consists of placing a frog on its back, restraining it in this position for a short period of time and then releasing it and measuring how much time was spent feigning death. To understand the pattern of reaction time, morphometric data were also collected as body condition can affect the duration of thanatosis. The significantly different TI times found in this study, one captive population with shorter responses, were principally an effect of body condition rather than being a result of rearing environment. However, this does not mean that we can always dismiss the importance of rearing environment in terms of behavioural skills expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Figueiredo Passos
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
- Chester Zoo, Cedar House, Upton by Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo Garcia
- Chester Zoo, Cedar House, Upton by Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert John Young
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford Manchester, Salford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Decoupling of Behavioral Trait Correlation Across Life Stages in Two Holometabolous Insects. Behav Genet 2017; 47:459-467. [PMID: 28421346 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many animal behaviors have a genetic base, and behavioral traits often correlate with one another. In this study, we tested for a behavioral correlation between tonic immobility and walking distance in the larval and adult stages independently of two holometabolous insects. We confirmed a negative correlation of traits between strains in adults of both the species; however, we did not find it in larvae of either species. This suggests that the negative correlation between tonic immobility and walking is decoupled across life stages from larva to adult. In contrast, previous studies have reported that phenotypic correlations between behavioral traits are maintained from larvae to adults in hemimetabolous insects. In addition, our present results differ from previous results with holometabolous insects. Therefore, our results suggest that metamorphosis can change trade-offs between behavioral traits.
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27
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28
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Kang C, Moon H, Sherratt TN, Lee SI, Jablonski PG. Multiple lines of anti-predator defence in the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula(Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changku Kang
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa ON Canada ON K1S 5B6
| | - Hyungmin Moon
- School of Biological Sciences; Seoul National University; 08826 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul South Korea
| | | | - Sang-Im Lee
- School of Biological Sciences; Seoul National University; 08826 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design; Seoul National University; 08826 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul South Korea
| | - Piotr G. Jablonski
- School of Biological Sciences; Seoul National University; 08826 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul South Korea
- Museum and Institute of Zoology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wilcza 64 00-679 Warsaw Poland
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29
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Rusli MU, Wu NC, Booth DT. Tonic Immobility in Newly Emerged Sea Turtle Hatchlings. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1185.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Body size, not maladaptive gene flow, explains death-feigning behaviour in Timema cristinae stick insects. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Beleznai O, Tholt G, Tóth Z, Horváth V, Marczali Z, Samu F. Cool Headed Individuals Are Better Survivors: Non-Consumptive and Consumptive Effects of a Generalist Predator on a Sap Feeding Insect. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135954. [PMID: 26295476 PMCID: PMC4546593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators are part of the complex interactions among insect natural enemies and prey. NCEs have been shown to significantly affect prey foraging and feeding. Leafhopper's (Auchenorrhyncha) lengthy phloem feeding bouts may play a role in pathogen transmission in vector species and also exposes them to predation risk. However, NCEs on leafhoppers have been scarcely studied, and we lack basic information about how anti-predator behaviour influences foraging and feeding in these species. Here we report a study on non-consumptive and consumptive predator-prey interactions in a naturally co-occurring spider-leafhopper system. In mesocosm arenas we studied movement patterns during foraging and feeding of the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus in the presence of the spider predator Tibellus oblongus. Leafhoppers delayed feeding and fed much less often when the spider was present. Foraging movement pattern changed under predation risk: movements became more frequent and brief. There was considerable individual variation in foraging movement activity. Those individuals that increased movement activity in the presence of predators exposed themselves to higher predation risk. However, surviving individuals exhibited a 'cool headed' reaction to spider presence by moving less than leafhoppers in control trials. No leafhoppers were preyed upon while feeding. We consider delayed feeding as a "paradoxical" antipredator tactic, since it is not necessarily an optimal strategy against a sit-and-wait generalist predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Beleznai
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Gergely Tholt
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Horváth
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Marczali
- Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Samu
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Tuf IH, Drábková L, Šipoš J. Personality affects defensive behaviour of Porcellioscaber (Isopoda, Oniscidea). Zookeys 2015:159-71. [PMID: 26261447 PMCID: PMC4525042 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.515.9429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated individual behavioural patterns of isopods expressed as tonic immobility following some intrusive treatments. Common rough woodlice, Porcellioscaber, were kept individually in plastic boxes and tested for tonic immobility repeatedly. Reactivity, sensitivity (number of stimuli needed to respond), and endurance of tonic immobility (TI) according three types of treatments (touch, squeeze, drop) were evaluated. Touch was the weakest treatment and it was necessary to repeat it a number of times to obtain a response; while squeeze and drop induced TI more frequently. Nevertheless, duration of the response persisted for a longer time with the touch treatment. Within each set of the three treatment, the strongest response was the third one, regardless of treatment type. Duration of reaction was affected by the size of the woodlouse, the smallest individuals feigning death for the shortest time. Despite body size, we found a significant individual pattern of endurance of TI among tested woodlice, which was stable across treatments as well as across time (5 repetitions during a 3 week period). Porcellioscaber is one of the first species of terrestrial isopods with documented personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hadrián Tuf
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Drábková
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šipoš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chitussiho 10, CZ-71000 Slezska Ostrava, Czech Republic
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33
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Kandori I, Tsuchihara K, Suzuki TA, Yokoi T, Papaj DR. Long Frontal Projections Help Battus philenor (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Larvae Find Host Plants. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222554 PMCID: PMC4519131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals sometimes develop conspicuous projections on or near their heads as, e.g., weaponry, burrowing or digging tools, and probes to search for resources. The frontal projections that insects generally use to locate and assess resources are segmented appendages, including antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps. There is no evidence to date that arthropods, including insects, use projections other than true segmental appendages to locate food. In this regard, it is noteworthy that some butterfly larvae possess a pair of long antenna-like projections on or near their heads. To date, the function of these projections has not been established. Larvae of pipevine swallowtail butterflies Battus philenor (Papilionidae) have a pair of long frontal fleshy projections that, like insect antennae generally, can be actively moved. In this study, we evaluated the possible function of this pair of long moveable frontal projections. In laboratory assays, both frontal projections and lateral ocelli were shown to increase the frequency with which search larvae found plants. The frontal projections increased finding of host and non-host plants equally, suggesting that frontal projections do not detect host-specific chemical cues. Detailed SEM study showed that putative mechanosensillae are distributed all around the frontal as well as other projections. Taken together, our findings suggest that the frontal projections and associated mechanosensillae act as vertical object detectors to obtain tactile information that, together with visual information from lateral ocelli and presumably chemical information from antennae and mouthparts, help larvae to find host plants. Field observations indicate that host plants are small and scattered in southern Arizona locations. Larvae must therefore find multiple host plants to complete development and face significant challenges in doing so. The frontal projections may thus be an adaptation for finding a scarce resource before starving to death. This is the first evidence that arthropods use projections other than true segmental appendages such as antennae, mouthparts and legs, to locate food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kandori
- Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Taichi A. Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoi
- Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel R. Papaj
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
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34
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Huang X, Kanwal JS, Jiang T, Long Z, Luo B, Yue X, Gu Y, Feng J. Situational and Age-Dependent Decision Making during Life Threatening Distress in Myotis macrodactylus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132817. [PMID: 26181328 PMCID: PMC4504719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Echolocation and audiovocal communication have been studied extensively in bats. The manner in which these abilities are incorporated within escape behaviors during life-threatening distress is largely unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that behavioral response profiles expressed during distress are relatively stereotypic given their evolutionary adaptations to avoid predators. We subjected juvenile and adult big-footed myotis (Myotis macrodactylus) to a sequence of three types of life threatening distress: 1) trapping them in a mist-net (environmental threat), 2) approaching them when trapped (predator threat), and 3) partially restraining their freedom to move (arrest), and recorded their escape behavior in each of the three conditions. Response profiles differed across individuals and with the context in which they were expressed. During environmental and predator threat, bats displayed significantly more biting and wing-flapping behaviors and emitted more echolocation pulses than during arrest. Response profiles also varied with age. During arrest, juveniles were more likely than adults to emit distress calls and vice-versa for biting and wing flapping during environmental and predator threat. Overall, individualized response profiles were classified into ten clusters that were aligned along two divergent response trajectories when viewed within two-dimensional, multifactorial decision space. Juvenile behaviors tended to follow a predominantly "social-dependence" trajectory, whereas adult behaviors were mostly aligned along a "self-reliance" trajectory. We conclude that bats modify their vocal behavior and make age-appropriate and contextually adaptive decisions when distressed. This decision-making ability is consistent with observations in other social species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jagmeet S. Kanwal
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (TLJ)
| | - Zhenyu Long
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinke Yue
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongbo Gu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (TLJ)
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35
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Abstract
In this quick guide, Rogers and Simpson provide an overview of thanatosis, the fascinating behaviour of feigning death, seen in animals ranging from insects to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Rogers
- School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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36
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MacDonald EC, Frost EH, MacNeil SM, Hamilton DJ, Barbeau MA. Behavioral response of Corophium volutator to shorebird predation in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110633. [PMID: 25354218 PMCID: PMC4212999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator avoidance is an important component of predator-prey relationships and can affect prey availability for foraging animals. Each summer, the burrow-dwelling amphipod Corophium volutator is heavily preyed upon by Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) on mudflats in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada. We conducted three complementary studies to determine if adult C. volutator exhibit predator avoidance behavior in the presence of sandpipers. In a field experiment, we monitored vertical distribution of C. volutator adults in bird exclosures and adjacent control plots before sandpipers arrived and during their stopover. We also made polymer resin casts of C. volutator burrows in the field throughout the summer. Finally, we simulated shorebird pecking in a lab experiment and observed C. volutator behavior in their burrows. C. volutator adults were generally distributed deeper in the sediment later in the summer (after sandpipers arrived). In August, this response was detectably stronger in areas exposed to bird predation than in bird exclosures. During peak predator abundance, many C. volutator adults were beyond the reach of feeding sandpipers (>1.5 cm deep). However, burrow depth did not change significantly throughout the summer. Detailed behavioral observations indicated that C. volutator spent more time at the bottom of their burrow when exposed to a simulated predator compared to controls. This observed redistribution suggests that C. volutator adults move deeper into their burrows as an anti-predator response to the presence of sandpipers. This work has implications for predators that feed on burrow-dwelling invertebrates in soft-sediment ecosystems, as density may not accurately estimate prey availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth H. Frost
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stephanie M. MacNeil
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Diana J. Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Myriam A. Barbeau
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Easley JL, Hassall C. Field estimates of survival do not reflect ratings of mimetic similarity in wasp-mimicking hover flies. Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Monceau K, Arca M, Leprêtre L, Mougel F, Bonnard O, Silvain JF, Maher N, Arnold G, Thiéry D. Native Prey and Invasive Predator Patterns of Foraging Activity: The Case of the Yellow-Legged Hornet Predation at European Honeybee Hives. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66492. [PMID: 23823754 PMCID: PMC3688903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to native predators, which have co-evolved with their prey, alien predators often benefit from native prey naïveté. Vespa velutina, a honeybee predator originating from Eastern China, was introduced into France just before 2004. The present study, based on video recordings of two beehives at an early stage of the invasion process, intends to analyse the alien hornet hunting behaviour on the native prey, Apis mellifera, and to understand the interaction between the activity of the predator and the prey during the day and the season. Chasing hornets spent most of their time hovering facing the hive, to catch flying honeybees returning to the hive. The predation pressure increased during the season confirming previous study based on predator trapping. The number of honeybee captures showed a maximum peak for an intermediate number of V. velutina, unrelated to honeybee activity, suggesting the occurrence of competition between hornets. The number of honeybees caught increased during midday hours while the number of hornets did not vary, suggesting an increase in their efficacy. These results suggest that the impact of V. velutina on honeybees is limited by its own biology and behaviour and did not match the pattern of activity of its prey. Also, it could have been advantageous during the invasion, limiting resource depletion and thus favouring colonisation. This lack of synchronization may also be beneficial for honeybee colonies by giving them an opportunity to increase their activity when the hornets are less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Monceau
- UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mariangela Arca
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Lisa Leprêtre
- UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Bonnard
- UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jean-François Silvain
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Nevile Maher
- UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gérard Arnold
- CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
- Unité de Recherche IRD 072, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, 91198– Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRA, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- * E-mail:
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Kempster RM, Hart NS, Collin SP. Survival of the stillest: predator avoidance in shark embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52551. [PMID: 23326342 PMCID: PMC3541397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks use highly sensitive electroreceptors to detect the electric fields emitted by potential prey. However, it is not known whether prey animals are able to modulate their own bioelectrical signals to reduce predation risk. Here, we show that some shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) embryos can detect predator-mimicking electric fields and respond by ceasing their respiratory gill movements. Despite being confined to the small space within the egg case, where they are vulnerable to predators, embryonic sharks are able to recognise dangerous stimuli and react with an innate avoidance response. Knowledge of such behaviours, may inform the development of effective shark repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Kempster
- The Oceans Institute and the School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathan S. Hart
- The Oceans Institute and the School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun P. Collin
- The Oceans Institute and the School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Melzer S, Davis LS, Bishop PJ. Cutaneous gland secretions ofLeiopelma pakekaas a potential mechanism against rat predation. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2012.665809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nakayama S, Sasaki K, Matsumura K, Lewis Z, Miyatake T. Dopaminergic system as the mechanism underlying personality in a beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:750-755. [PMID: 22414537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Individuals in many animal species exhibit 'personality,' consistent differences in behaviour across time, situations and/or contexts. Previous work has revealed a negative genetic correlation between intensity of tonic immobility and walking activity levels in the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, thus suggesting these beetles exhibit personality in activity-related traits. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying this correlation. We used individuals derived from two strains established via artificial divergent selection for duration of tonic immobility. "Long" (L) strains exhibited higher frequencies and longer durations of tonic immobility, and lower activity levels, while "Short" (S) strains exhibited lower frequencies and shorter durations of tonic immobility and higher activity levels. We found that the duration of tonic immobility, and activity level, could be altered by caffeine administration; L strains fed with caffeine exhibited decreased durations of tonic immobility and increased activity levels. We also found that brain dopamine levels were lower in L strains than in S strains. Consequently, this study demonstrates that the dopaminergic system plays an important part in controlling the genetic correlation between tonic immobility and activity levels in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Quadros AF, Bugs PS, Araujo PB. Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. Zookeys 2012:155-70. [PMID: 22536106 PMCID: PMC3335412 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.176.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many arthropods, including terrestrial isopods, are capable of entering a state of tonic immobility upon a mechanical disturbance. Here we compare the responses to mechanical stimulation in three terrestrial isopods Balloniscus glaber, Balloniscus sellowii and Porcellio dilatatus. We applied three stimuli in a random order and recorded whether each individual was responsive (i.e. showed tonic immobility) or not and the duration of the response. In another trial we related the time needed to elicit tonic immobility and the duration of response of each individual. Balloniscus sellowii was the least responsive species and Porcellio dilatatus was the most, with 23% and 89% of the tested individuals, respectively, being responsive. Smaller Balloniscus sellowii were more responsive than larger individuals. Porcellio dilatatus responded more promptly than the Balloniscus spp. but it showed the shortest response. Neither sex, size nor the type of stimulus explained the variability found in the duration of tonic immobility. These results reveal a large variability in tonic immobility behavior, even between closely related species, which seems to reflect a species-specific response to predators with different foraging modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Quadros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, prédio 43435, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Ohba SY. Density-Dependent Effects of Amphibian Prey on the Growth and Survival of an Endangered Giant Water Bug. INSECTS 2011; 2:435-46. [PMID: 26467823 PMCID: PMC4553436 DOI: 10.3390/insects2040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian predator-insect prey relationships are common in terrestrial habitats, but amphibian larvae are preyed upon by a variety of aquatic hemipterans in aquatic habitats. This paper suggests that the survival of the nymphs of the endangered aquatic hemipteran Kirkaldyia (=Lethocerus) deyrolli (Belostomatidae: Heteroptera) is directly and indirectly affected by the abundance of their amphibian larval prey (tadpoles). Young nymphs of K. deyrolli mainly feed on tadpoles, regardless of differences in prey availability. Nymphs provided with tadpoles grow faster than nymphs provided with invertebrate prey. Therefore, tadpole consumption seems to be required to allow the nymphs to complete their larval development. In addition, the survival of K. deyrolli nymphs was greater during the period of highest tadpole density (June) than during a period of low tadpole density (July). Higher tadpole density moderates predation pressure from the water scorpion Laccotrephes japonensis (Nepidae: Heteroptera) on K. deyrolli nymphs; i.e., it has a density-mediated indirect effect. These results suggest that an abundance of tadpoles in June provides food for K. deyrolli nymphs (a direct bottom-up effect) and moderates the predation pressure from L. japonensis (an indirect bottom-up effect). An abundance of amphibian prey is indispensable for the conservation of this endangered giant water bug species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Ohba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan.
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Nishi Y, Sasaki K, Miyatake T. Biogenic amines, caffeine and tonic immobility in Tribolium castaneum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:622-628. [PMID: 20079743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines are physiologically neuroactive substances that affect behavioural and physiological traits in invertebrates. In the present study, the effects of dopamine, octopamine, tyramine and serotonin on tonic immobility, or death-feigning, were investigated in Tribolium castaneum. These amines were injected into the abdomens of beetles artificially selected for long or short duration of tonic immobility. In beetles of the long strains, the durations of tonic immobility were shortened by injection of dopamine, octopamine and tyramine, and the effects of these amines were dose-dependent. On the other hand, serotonin injection did not affect the duration of tonic immobility. In the short-strain beetles that rarely feign death, no significant effects of the amines were found on the duration of tonic immobility. Brain expression levels of octopamine, tyramine and serotonin did not differ between long- and short-strain beetles, in contrast to the higher dopamine levels in short strains previously reported. Caffeine decreased the duration of death-feigning in both oral absorption and injection experiments. It is known that caffeine activates dopamine. Therefore, the present results suggest that the duration of tonic immobility is affected by dopamine via the dopamine receptor in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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WARD-FEAR GEORGIA, BROWN GREGORYP, SHINE RICHARD. Factors affecting the vulnerability of cane toads (Bufo marinus) to predation by ants. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nakayama S, Miyatake T. A Behavioral Syndrome in the Adzuki Bean Beetle: Genetic Correlation Among Death Feigning, Activity, and Mating Behavior. Ethology 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Inoue Y, Yoda K, Fujii H, Kuroki H, Niizuma Y. Nest intrusion and infanticidal attack on nestlings in great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo: why do adults attack conspecific chicks? J ETHOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-009-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuriwada T, Kumano N, Shiromoto K, Haraguchi D. Copulation reduces the duration of death-feigning behaviour in the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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