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Surkova EN, Savinetskaya LE, Khropov IS, Tchabovsky AV. Flexible males, reactive females: faecal glucocorticoid metabolites indicate increased stress in the colonist population, damping with time in males but not in females. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:545-554. [PMID: 38953915 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Individuals colonizing new areas at expanding ranges encounter numerous and unpredictable stressors. Exposure to unfamiliar environments suggests that colonists would differ in stress levels from residents living in familiar conditions. Few empirical studies tested this hypothesis and produced mixed results, and the role of stress regulation in colonization remains unclear. Studies relating stress levels to colonization mainly use a geographical analysis comparing established colonist populations with source populations. We used faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) to assess both spatial and temporal dynamics of stress levels in an expanding population of midday gerbils (Meriones meridianus). We demonstrated that adult males and females had higher FGM levels in newly emerged colonies, compared with the source population, but differed in the pattern of FGM dynamics post-foundation. In males, FGM levels sharply decreased in the second year after colony establishment. In females, FGM levels did not change with time and remained high despite the decreasing environmental unpredictability, exhibiting among-individual variation. Increased stress levels of colonist males damping with time post-colonization suggest they are flexible in responding to immediate changes in environmental uncertainty. On the contrary, high and stable over generations stress levels uncoupled from the changes in the environmental uncertainty in female colonists imply that they carry a relatively constant phenotype associated with the reactive coping strategy favouring colonization. We link sex differences in consistency and plasticity in stress regulation during colonization to the sex-specific life-history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Surkova
- Laboratory for Population Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii pr, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila E Savinetskaya
- Laboratory for Population Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii pr, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Khropov
- Laboratory for Population Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii pr, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Tchabovsky
- Laboratory for Population Ecology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii pr, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Alcantara DMC, Graciolli G, Toma R, Souza CS. Sex-biased parasitism, host mass and mutualistic bat flies: an antagonistic individual-based network of bat-bat fly interactions. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:217-224. [PMID: 34863803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual-based networks provide the building blocks for community-level networks. However, network studies of bats and their parasites have focused only on the species level. Intrapopulation variation may allow certain host individuals to play important roles in the dynamics of the parasites. Therefore, we evaluated how the variation in host sex, body size, ectoparasite abundance and co-occurrence configure individual-based networks of the lesser bulldog bat Noctilio albiventris and bat flies. We expected bat individuals with greater body mass and forearms acting as the core in the network. We also expected males to play a more important role in the network. We sampled a network of N. albiventris bat individuals and their bat flies to describe the structure of an antagonistic individual-based network. We aimed to identify the most relevant bat individuals in the network, focusing on the implications inherent to each of the following approaches: (i) core-periphery organization; (ii) modularity; (iii) species level metrics; and (iv) the main ecological driver of bat individual roles in the network, using niche-based predictors (body mass, forearm and sex). We showed that a network of N. albiventris individuals and their bat flies had low modularity containing a persistent nucleus of individuals and bat flies with well-established interactions. Male individuals with greater body mass played an important role in the network, while for females neither mass nor forearm length were important predictors of their role in the network. Finally, individuals with a high abundance of Paradyschiria parvula played a core role. These results provide an alternative perspective to understand the patterns and mechanisms of interspecific interactions between parasites on the host, as well as sex-biased parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maximo Correa Alcantara
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Setor de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Toma
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Silveira Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Mazza V, Czyperreck I, Eccard JA, Dammhahn M. Cross-Context Responses to Novelty in Rural and Urban Small Mammals. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.661971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anthropocene is the era of urbanization. The accelerating expansion of cities occurs at the expense of natural reservoirs of biodiversity and presents animals with challenges for which their evolutionary past might not have prepared them. Cognitive and behavioral adjustments to novelty could promote animals’ persistence under these altered conditions. We investigated the structure of, and covariance between, different aspects of responses to novelty in rural and urban small mammals of two non-commensal rodent species. We ran replicated experiments testing responses to three novelty types (object, food, or space) of 47 individual common voles (Microtus arvalis) and 41 individual striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius). We found partial support for the hypothesis that responses to novelty are structured, clustering (i) speed of responses, (ii) intensity of responses, and (iii) responses to food into separate dimensions. Rural and urban small mammals did not differ in most responses to novelty, suggesting that urban habitats do not reduce neophobia in these species. Further studies investigating whether comparable response patters are found throughout different stages of colonization, and along synurbanization processes of different duration, will help illuminate the dynamics of animals’ cognitive adjustments to urban life.
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4
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Blumenfeld AJ, Eyer PA, Helms AM, Buczkowski G, Vargo EL. Consistent signatures of urban adaptation in a native, urban invader ant Tapinoma sessile. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:4832-4850. [PMID: 34551170 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are becoming more prevalent due to the rise of global trade and expansion of urban areas. Ants are among the most prolific invaders with many exhibiting a multiqueen colony structure, dependent colony foundation and reduced internest aggression. Although these characteristics are generally associated with the invasions of exotic ants, they may also facilitate the spread of native ants into novel habitats. Native to diverse habitats across North America, the odorous house ant Tapinoma sessile has become abundant in urban environments throughout the United States. Natural colonies typically have a small workforce, inhabit a single nest, and are headed by a single queen, whereas urban colonies tend to be several orders of magnitude larger, inhabit multiple nests (i.e., polydomy) and are headed by multiple queens (i.e., polygyny). Here, we explore and compare the population genetic and breeding structure of T. sessile within and between urban and natural environments in several localities across its distribution range. We found the social structure of a colony to be a plastic trait in both habitats, although extreme polygyny was confined to urban habitats. Additionally, polydomous colonies were only present in urban habitats, suggesting T. sessile can only achieve supercoloniality within urbanized areas. Finally, we identified strong differentiation between urban and natural populations in each locality and continent-wide, indicating cities may restrict gene flow and exert intense selection pressure. Overall, our study highlights urbanization's influence in charting the evolutionary course for species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre-André Eyer
- Department of Entomology, TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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5
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Dominguez JC, Calero-Riestra M, Olea PP, Malo JE, Burridge CP, Proft K, Illanas S, Viñuela J, García JT. Lack of detectable genetic isolation in the cyclic rodent Microtus arvalis despite large landscape fragmentation owing to transportation infrastructures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12534. [PMID: 34131199 PMCID: PMC8206325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although roads are widely seen as dispersal barriers, their genetic consequences for animals that experience large fluctuations in population density are poorly documented. We developed a spatially paired experimental design to assess the genetic impacts of roads on cyclic voles (Microtus arvalis) during a high-density phase in North-Western Spain. We compared genetic patterns from 15 paired plots bisected by three different barrier types, using linear mixed models and computing effect sizes to assess the importance of each type, and the influence of road features like width or the age of the infrastructure. Evidence of effects by roads on genetic diversity and differentiation were lacking. We speculate that the recurrent (each 3-5 generations) episodes of massive dispersal associated with population density peaks can homogenize populations and mitigate the possible genetic impact of landscape fragmentation by roads. This study highlights the importance of developing spatially replicated experimental designs that allow us to consider the large natural spatial variation in genetic parameters. More generally, these results contribute to our understanding of the not well explored effects of habitat fragmentation on dispersal in species showing "boom-bust" dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Dominguez
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - María Calero-Riestra
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro P Olea
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan E Malo
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher P Burridge
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Kirstin Proft
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Sonia Illanas
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Viñuela
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jesús T García
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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6
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Isolation-by-distance and male-biased dispersal at a fine spatial scale: a study of the common European adder (Vipera berus) in a rural landscape. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Mazza V, Dammhahn M, Lösche E, Eccard JA. Small mammals in the big city: Behavioural adjustments of non-commensal rodents to urban environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6326-6337. [PMID: 32767603 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental focus of current ecological and evolutionary research is to illuminate the drivers of animals' success in coping with human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). Behavioural adaptations are likely to play a major role in coping with HIREC because behaviour largely determines how individuals interact with their surroundings. A substantial body of research reports behavioural modifications in urban dwellers compared to rural conspecifics. However, it is often unknown whether the observed phenotypic divergence is due to phenotypic plasticity or the product of genetic adaptations. Here, we aimed at investigating (a) whether behavioural differences arise also between rural and urban populations of non-commensal rodents; and (b) whether these differences result from behavioural flexibility or from intrinsic behavioural characteristics, such as genetic or maternal effects. We captured and kept under common environment conditions 42 rural and 52 urban adult common voles (Microtus arvalis) from seven subpopulations along a rural-urban gradient. We investigated individual variation in behavioural responses associated with risk-taking and exploration, in situ at the time of capture in the field and ex situ after 3 months in captivity. Urban dwellers were bolder and more explorative than rural conspecifics at the time of capture in their respective sites (in situ). However, when tested under common environmental conditions ex situ, rural individuals showed little change in their behavioural responses whereas urban individuals altered their behaviour considerably and were consistently shyer and less explorative than when tested in situ. The combination of elevated risk-taking and exploration with high behavioural flexibility might allow urban populations to successfully cope with the challenges of HIREC. Investigating whether the observed differences in behavioural flexibility are adaptive and how they are shaped by additive and interactive effects of genetic make-up and past environmental conditions will help illuminate eco-evolutionary dynamics under HIREC and predict persistence of populations under urban conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mazza
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elisa Lösche
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Department of Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Zhu Q, Damba I, Zhao Q, Yi K, Batbayar N, Natsagdorj T, Davaasuren B, Wang X, Rozenfeld S, Moriguchi S, Zhan A, Cao L, Fox AD. Lack of conspicuous sex-biased dispersal patterns at different spatial scales in an Asian endemic goose species breeding in unpredictable steppe wetlands. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7006-7020. [PMID: 32760508 PMCID: PMC7391341 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal affects the spatial distribution and population structure of species. Dispersal is often male-biased in mammals while female-biased in birds, with the notable exception of the Anatidae. In this study, we tested genetic evidence for sex-biased dispersal (SBD) in the Swan Goose Anser cygnoides, an Asian endemic and IUCN vulnerable species, which has been increasingly restricted to breeding on Mongolian steppe wetlands. We analyzed the genotypes of 278 Swan Geese samples from 14 locations at 14 microsatellite loci. Results from assignment indices, analysis of molecular variance, and five other population descriptors all failed to support significant SBD signals for the Swan Goose at the landscape level. Although overall results showed significantly high relatedness within colonies (suggesting high levels of philopatry in both sexes), local male genetic structure at the 1,050 km distance indicated greater dispersal distance for females from the eastern sector of the breeding range. Hence, local dispersal is likely scale-dependent and female-biased within the eastern breeding range. These findings are intriguing considering the prevailing expectation for there to be female fidelity in most goose species. We suggest that while behavior-related traits may have facilitated the local genetic structure for the Swan Goose, several extrinsic factors, including the decreasing availability of the nesting sites and the severe fragmentation of breeding habitats, could have contributed to the absence of SBD at the landscape level. The long-distance molt migration that is typical of goose species such as the Swan Goose may also have hampered our ability to detect SBD. Hence, we urge further genetic sampling from other areas in summer to extend our results, complemented by field observations to confirm our DNA analysis conclusions about sex-specific dispersal patterns at different spatial scales in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Iderbat Damba
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Ornithology LaboratoryInstitute of BiologyMongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Qingshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kunpeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | | | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sonia Rozenfeld
- Bird Ringing Centre of RussiaInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Sachiko Moriguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Aibin Zhan
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Environmental BiotechnologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Martínez-Pérez S, Sanchez-Rojas G, Galante E, Micó E. Saproxylic Cetoniidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): A 'Females' World' or a Question of Dependence on Deadwood? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:288-295. [PMID: 31971240 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the dependence of some Cetoniidae species on saproxylic environments and microhabitats in a Mediterranean oak forest by analyzing species collected using different kinds of traps-log emergence, hollow emergence, and interception traps-and the sex ratio of the species in each trap. Comparing the sex ratio of the species collected via emergence versus interception was useful to unravel the degree of dependence on saproxylic microhabitats. Among the species studied, Cetonia aurataeformis Curti, 1913 (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was the only obligate tree hollow inhabitant. Special attention should thus be paid to the maintenance of tree hollows for the species' conservation in Mediterranean forests. A gradient of dependence on tree hollows was established from the more dependent Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Protaetia (Potosia) opaca (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) to the less dependent Protaetia (Netocia) morio (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). All the latter species can be considered facultatively dependent, to varying degrees, on tree hollows. By contrast, the saproxylic affinity of Protaetia (Netocia) oblonga (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), Tropinota squalida (Scopoli, 1783) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was doubtful. Generally, the sex ratio of the studied species was female-biased. A possible explanation may be local male competition for females, suggesting the Cetoniinae is a female world. However, the range of difference in the female-biased sex ratio among species suggests it is important to explore other possible causes, such as differences in dispersal abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Pérez
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gerardo Sanchez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo CP, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Galante
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estefanía Micó
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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10
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Hansen N, Hughes NK, Byrom AE, Banks PB. Population recovery of alien black rats
Rattus rattus
: A test of reinvasion theory. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney 2052Australia
| | | | | | - Peter B. Banks
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney 2052Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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11
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Li J, Lv L, Wang P, Wang Y, Hatchwell BJ, Zhang Z. Sex-biased dispersal patterns of a social passerine: complementary approaches and evidence for a role of spatial scale. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal dispersal patterns have important implications for many biological processes, but the measurement of dispersal is challenging and often requires the use of complementary approaches. In this study, we investigated the local-scale sex-biased dispersal pattern in a social bird, the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus), in central China. Spatial genetic autocorrelation analyses suggested that significant fine-scale genetic structure existed in males but not in females. Mark–recapture analyses of ringed individuals also showed that female offspring were more dispersive than male offspring, supporting genetic evidence of local female-biased dispersal. These results were contrary to a previous finding of male-biased long-distance dispersal in this species that was based on analyses of gene flow across the species range in China. This implies that the species might potentially have a scale-dependent dispersal strategy, with females frequently dispersing further than males at the local level, but with a proportion of males occasionally dispersing over long distances and contributing more to gene flow at a larger geographical scale. Long-distance dispersal by male black-throated tits might be induced by competition for resources or by unfavourable environmental conditions, warranting further investigation, but our findings increase the evidence that geographical scale is an important factor to be considered when investigating animal dispersal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Agricultural, Life and Natural Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, USA
| | - Ben J Hatchwell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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12
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Schlesselmann AV, Dussex N, Cooper J, Monks JM, O'Donnell CFJ, Robertson BC. Contrasting patterns of population structure at large and fine geographical scales in a migratory avian disturbance specialist of braided river ecosystems. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Kathrin V. Schlesselmann
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Dussex
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jamie Cooper
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Joanne M. Monks
- Department of Conservation Biodiversity Group Dunedin New Zealand
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13
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Genetic consequences of social dynamics in the Andean condor: the role of sex and age. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Roos D, Caminero Saldaña C, Arroyo B, Mougeot F, Luque-Larena JJ, Lambin X. Unintentional effects of environmentally-friendly farming practices: Arising conflicts between zero-tillage and a crop pest, the common vole ( Microtus arvalis). AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 272:105-113. [PMID: 30774172 PMCID: PMC6360522 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Common voles are a main European facultative, fossorial, farmland rodent pest that can greatly reduce crop yields during population outbreaks. Crop protection against common voles is a complex task that requires the consideration of a set of preventive and control measures within an integrated pest management strategy. A possible option could be to modify farming practices to reduce the availability of refuges for rodents and the damage to crops that they subsequently cause. Farming, however, must simultaneously meet multiple goals including the reduction of the carbon (C) emissions, soil erosion and water use, and the improvement of soil quality. Crop establishment through conservation agriculture strategies, like zero-tillage, would reduce crop management investment, but is also promoted in many regions to reduce C emissions and increase soil organic matter. It could, however, create favourable refuge habitats for fossorial rodent crop pests, like common voles, benefitting from reduced soil disturbance between crop rotations and thus increasing burrow persistence. Assessing the impact that tillage practices, their interaction with different crops and the influence of proximity to potential common vole sources, have on common vole occupancy could provide a valuable tool within an integrated management strategy. Using a 2-ha experimental field with 62 plots 180 m2 (each roughly matching common vole home range size) located experimental plots in north-western Spain, we tested how tillage practices, crop type (wheat, barley, vetch, Narbonne vetch, pea and fallow) and distances from possible colonization sources affect field use by common vole during low population density conditions. Our results show that tillage practices have more influence on common vole occurrence (zero tillage > reduced and conventional tillage) than other aspects such as crop type thus supporting the hypothesis that tillage practices play a key role in common vole habitat use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deon Roos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
- Área de Plagas, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos km 119, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Constantino Caminero Saldaña
- Área de Plagas, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos km 119, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - François Mougeot
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan José Luque-Larena
- Dpto. Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004, Palencia, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Palencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
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Ribout C, Villers A, Ruault S, Bretagnolle V, Picard D, Monceau K, Gauffre B. Fine-scale genetic structure in a high dispersal capacity raptor, the Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus), revealed by a set of novel microsatellite loci. Genetica 2019; 147:69-78. [PMID: 30671744 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus) is a semi-colonial raptor species widely but patchily distributed across the Palearctic region with recorded cases of philopatry and presence of extra-pair copulation. In order to assess Montagu's harrier spatial genetic structure and contemporary gene flow, we developed 16 new microsatellite markers using 454 pyrosequencing. Genotypes of 117 chicks sampled in a 200 × 300 km farmland area in Central Western France were analyzed to characterize genetic polymorphism at each locus and regional and fine-scale genetic structure. Fourteen markers were found polymorphic, with a number of alleles ranging from 3 to 11. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.36 to 0.856 and from 0.35 to 0.868, respectively. A single genetic unit was found at the regional scale with higher genetic similarity observed at a small spatial scale (up to 10 km). Our results are consistent with overall large-scale juvenile and adult dispersal together with small-scale male philopatry. Cross-species amplification of this set of microsatellites makers has been successful in two closely related harrier species: the marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and the Hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) for which 14 and 12 markers were polymorphic, respectively. These new microsatellite markers could be used to study the population genetic structure, contemporary gene flow and parentage analyses in these three species and to conduct microsatellite-based demographic inferences on the Montagu's harrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ribout
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - A Villers
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS-CEBC, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - S Ruault
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - V Bretagnolle
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS-CEBC, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - D Picard
- Département de Biologie UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - K Monceau
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS-CEBC, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Bertrand Gauffre
- CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMR 7372 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS-CEBC, 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France.
- INRA, USC1339 CEBC, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
- UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, France.
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16
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Friebe K, Steffens T, Schulz B, Valqui J, Reck H, Hartl G. The significance of major roads as barriers and their roadside habitats as potential corridors for hazel dormouse migration – a population genetic study. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i2.a10.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Friebe
- University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Olshausenstrasse 75, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein D-24118, Germany
| | - Thomas Steffens
- University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Olshausenstrasse 75, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein D-24118, Germany
| | - Björn Schulz
- Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein, Eschenbrook 4, Molfsee D-24113, Germany
| | - Juan Valqui
- University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Olshausenstrasse 75, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein D-24118, Germany
| | - Heinrich Reck
- University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Olshausenstrasse 75, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein D-24118, Germany
| | - Georg Hartl
- University of Kiel, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Olshausenstrasse 75, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein D-24118, Germany
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Andreguetto Maciel G, Mendes Coutinho R, André Kraenkel R. Critical patch-size for two-sex populations. Math Biosci 2018; 300:138-144. [PMID: 29605656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As environments become increasingly degraded, mainly due to human activities, species are often subject to isolated habitats surrounded by unfavorable regions. Since the pioneering work by Skellam [25] mathematical models have provided useful insights into the population persistence in such cases. Most of these models, however, neglect the sex structure of populations and the differences between males and females. In this work we investigate, through a reaction-diffusion system, the dynamics of a sex-structured population in a single semipermeable patch. The critical patch size for persistence is determined from implicit relationships between model parameters. The effects of the various growth and movement parameters are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Andreguetto Maciel
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, R. Dr. Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil.
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Heidinger IMM, Hein S, Feldhaar H, Poethke HJ. Biased dispersal of Metrioptera bicolor, a wing dimorphic bush-cricket. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:297-308. [PMID: 27774776 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the highly fragmented landscape of central Europe, dispersal is of particular importance as it determines the long-term survival of animal populations. Dispersal not only secures the recolonization of patches where populations went extinct, it may also rescue small populations and thus prevent local extinction events. As dispersal involves different individual fitness costs, the decision to disperse should not be random but context-dependent and often will be biased toward a certain group of individuals (e.g., sex- and wing morph-biased dispersal). Although biased dispersal has far-reaching consequences for animal populations, immediate studies of sex- and wing morph-biased dispersal in orthopterans are very rare. Here, we used a combined approach of morphological and genetic analyses to investigate biased dispersal of Metrioptera bicolor, a wing dimorphic bush-cricket. Our results clearly show wing morph-biased dispersal for both sexes of M. bicolor. In addition, we found sex-biased dispersal for macropterous individuals, but not for micropters. Both, morphological and genetic data, favor macropterous males as dispersal unit of this bush-cricket species. To get an idea of the flight ability of M. bicolor, we compared our morphological data with that of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria, which are very good flyers. Based on our morphological data, we suggest a good flight ability for macropters of M. bicolor, although flying individuals of this species are seldom observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Monika Margret Heidinger
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, Bee Research Center, An der Steige 15, 97206, Veitshöchheim, Germany
| | | | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Schregel J, Remm J, Eiken HG, Swenson JE, Saarma U, Hagen SB. Multi‐level patterns in population genetics: Variogram series detects a hidden isolation‐by‐distance‐dominated structure of Scandinavian brown bears
Ursus arctos. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schregel
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life Sciences Ǻs Norway
| | - Jaanus Remm
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Hans Geir Eiken
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
| | - Jon E. Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life Sciences Ǻs Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Snorre B. Hagen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchNIBIO ‐ Svanhovd Svanvik Norway
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Najibzadeh M, Gharzi A, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Rastegar-Pouyani E, Pesarakloo A. Habitat suitability and patterns of sex-biased migration of the Iranian long-legged wood frog, Rana pseudodalmatina (Anura: Ranidae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Bani L, Orioli V, Pisa G, Fagiani S, Dondina O, Fabbri E, Randi E, Sozio G, Mortelliti A. Population genetic structure and sex-biased dispersal of the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) in a continuous and in a fragmented landscape in central Italy. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Trochet A, Courtois EA, Stevens VM, Baguette M, Chaine A, Schmeller DS, Clobert J, Wiens JJ. Evolution of Sex-Biased Dispersal. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2016; 91:297-30. [DOI: 10.1086/688097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Henry RC, Coulon A, Travis JMJ. The Evolution of Male-Biased Dispersal under the Joint Selective Forces of Inbreeding Load and Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity. Am Nat 2016; 188:423-33. [PMID: 27622876 DOI: 10.1086/688170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased natal dispersal is widespread, and its significance remains a central question in evolutionary biology. However, theory so far fails to predict some of the most common patterns found in nature. To address this, we present novel results from an individual-based model investigating the joint roles of inbreeding load, demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and dispersal costs for the evolution of sex-biased dispersal. Most strikingly, we found that male-biased natal dispersal evolved in polygynous systems as a result of the interplay between inbreeding avoidance and stochasticity, whereas previous theory, in contrast to empirical observations, predicted male philopatry and female-biased natal dispersal under inbreeding load alone. Furthermore, the direction of the bias varied according to the nature of stochasticity. Our results therefore provide a unification of previous theory, yielding a much better qualitative match with empirical observations of male-biased dispersal in mate defense mating systems.
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García-Navas V, Bonnet T, Waldvogel D, Camenisch G, Postma E. Consequences of natal philopatry for reproductive success and mate choice in an Alpine rodent. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Beysard M, Krebs-Wheaton R, Heckel G. Tracing reinforcement through asymmetrical partner preference in the European common vole Microtus arvalis. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:170. [PMID: 26303785 PMCID: PMC4548911 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanistic basis of speciation and in particular the contribution of behaviour to the completion of the speciation process is often contentious. Contact zones between related taxa provide a situation where selection against hybridization might reinforce separation by behavioural mechanisms, which could ultimately fully isolate the taxa. One of the most abundant European mammals, the common vole Microtus arvalis, forms multiple natural hybrid zones where rapidly diverging evolutionary lineages meet in secondary contact. Very narrow zones of hybridization spanning only a few kilometres and sex-specific gene flow patterns indicate reduced fitness of natural hybrids and incipient speciation between some of the evolutionary lineages. In this study, we examined the contribution of behavioural mechanisms to the speciation process in these rodents by fine-mapping allopatric and parapatric populations in the hybrid zone between the Western and Central lineages and experimental testing of the partner preferences of wild, pure-bred and hybrid female common voles. Results Genetic analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of multiple parapatric and largely non-admixed populations at distances of about 10 km at the edge of the area of natural hybridization between the Western and Central lineages. Wild females from Western parapatric populations and lab-born F1 hybrids preferred males from the Western lineage whereas wild females of Central parapatric origin showed no measurable preference. Furthermore, wild and lab-born females from allopatric populations of the Western or Central lineages showed no detectable preference for males from either lineage. Conclusions The detected partner preferences are consistent with asymmetrical reinforcement of pre-mating reproductive isolation mechanisms in the European common vole and with earlier results suggesting that hybridization is more detrimental to the Western lineage. As a consequence, these differences in behaviour might contribute to a further geographical stabilization of this moving hybrid zone. Such behavioural processes could also provide a mechanistic perspective for frequently-detected asymmetrical introgression patterns in the largely allopatrically diversifying Microtus genus and other rapidly speciating rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Beysard
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Krebs-Wheaton
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Present Address: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstrasse 2, 24306, Ploen, Germany.
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Gauffre B, Mallez S, Chapuis MP, Leblois R, Litrico I, Delaunay S, Badenhausser I. Spatial heterogeneity in landscape structure influences dispersal and genetic structure: empirical evidence from a grasshopper in an agricultural landscape. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1713-28. [PMID: 25773398 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal may be strongly influenced by landscape and habitat characteristics that could either enhance or restrict movements of organisms. Therefore, spatial heterogeneity in landscape structure could influence gene flow and the spatial structure of populations. In the past decades, agricultural intensification has led to the reduction in grassland surfaces, their fragmentation and intensification. As these changes are not homogeneously distributed in landscapes, they have resulted in spatial heterogeneity with generally less intensified hedged farmland areas remaining alongside streams and rivers. In this study, we assessed spatial pattern of abundance and population genetic structure of a flightless grasshopper species, Pezotettix giornae, based on the surveys of 363 grasslands in a 430-km² agricultural landscape of western France. Data were analysed using geostatistics and landscape genetics based on microsatellites markers and computer simulations. Results suggested that small-scale intense dispersal allows this species to survive in intensive agricultural landscapes. A complex spatial genetic structure related to landscape and habitat characteristics was also detected. Two P. giornae genetic clusters bisected by a linear hedged farmland were inferred from clustering analyses. This linear hedged farmland was characterized by high hedgerow and grassland density as well as higher grassland temporal stability that were suspected to slow down dispersal. Computer simulations demonstrated that a linear-shaped landscape feature limiting dispersal could be detected as a barrier to gene flow and generate the observed genetic pattern. This study illustrates the relevance of using computer simulations to test hypotheses in landscape genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gauffre
- INRA, USC1339 (CEBC-CNRS), Villiers en Bois, F-79360, France; CNRS, UMR 7372 CEBC - Université de La Rochelle, Villiers en Bois, F-79360, France; LTER, ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre, CNRS-CEBC, Villiers en Bois, F-79360, France
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Environment-related and host-related factors affecting the occurrence of lice on rodents in Central Europe. Parasitology 2015; 142:938-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWe studied the effects of environment- (habitat, season) and host-related (sex, body mass) factors on the occurrence of four species of lice (Insecta:Phthiraptera:Anoplura) on six rodent species (Rodentia:Muridae). We asked how these factors influence the occurrence of lice on an individual host and whether different rodent–louse associations demonstrate consistent trends in these effects. We found significant effects of at least one environment-related and at least one host-related factor on the louse occurrence in five of six host–louse associations. The effect of habitat was significant in two associations with the occurrence of lice being more frequent in lowland than in mountain habitats. The effect of season was significant in five associations with a higher occurrence of infestation during the warm season in four associations and the cold season in one association. Host sex affected significantly the infestation by lice in three associations with a higher frequency of infestation in males. Host body mass affected the occurrence of lice in all five associations, being negative in wood mice and positive in voles. In conclusion, lice were influenced not only by the host- but also by environment-related factors. The effects of the latter could be mediated via life history parameters of a host.
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Gauffre B, Berthier K, Inchausti P, Chaval Y, Bretagnolle V, Cosson JF. Short-term variations in gene flow related to cyclic density fluctuations in the common vole. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3214-25. [PMID: 24888708 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In highly fluctuating populations with complex social systems, genetic patterns are likely to vary in space and time due to demographic and behavioural processes. Cyclic rodents are extreme examples of demographically instable populations that often exhibit strong social organization. In such populations, kin structure and spacing behaviour may vary with density fluctuations and impact both the composition and spatial structure of genetic diversity. In this study, we analysed the multiannual genetic structure of a cyclic rodent, Microtus arvalis, using a sample of 875 individuals trapped over three complete cycles (from 1999 to 2007) and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. We tested the predictions that genetic diversity and gene flow intensity vary with density fluctuations. We found evidences for both spatial scale-dependant variations in genetic diversity and higher gene flow during high density. Moreover, investigation of sex-specific relatedness patterns revealed that, although dispersal is biased toward males in this species, distances moved by both sexes were lengthened during high density. Altogether, these results suggest that an increase in migration with density allows to restore the local loss of genetic diversity occurring during low density. We then postulate that this change in migration results from local competition, which enhances female colonization of empty spaces and male dispersal among colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Gauffre
- INRA, USC 1339 (CEBC-CNRS), F-79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France; CEBC-CNRS (UMR 7372), F-79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
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Epidemiology of leptospira transmitted by rodents in southeast Asia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2902. [PMID: 24901706 PMCID: PMC4046967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses and has been identified as an important emerging global public health problem in Southeast Asia. Rodents are important reservoirs for human leptospirosis, but epidemiological data is lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings We sampled rodents living in different habitats from seven localities distributed across Southeast Asia (Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia), between 2009 to 2010. Human isolates were also obtained from localities close to where rodents were sampled. The prevalence of Leptospira infection was assessed by real-time PCR using DNA extracted from rodent kidneys, targeting the lipL32 gene. Sequencing rrs and secY genes, and Multi Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on DNA extracted from rat kidneys for Leptospira isolates molecular typing. Four species were detected in rodents, L. borgpetersenii (56% of positive samples), L. interrogans (36%), L. kirschneri (3%) and L. weilli (2%), which were identical to human isolates. Mean prevalence in rodents was approximately 7%, and largely varied across localities and habitats, but not between rodent species. The two most abundant Leptospira species displayed different habitat requirements: L. interrogans was linked to humid habitats (rice fields and forests) while L. borgpetersenii was abundant in both humid and dry habitats (non-floodable lands). Conclusion/Significance L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii species are widely distributed amongst rodent populations, and strain typing confirmed rodents as reservoirs for human leptospirosis. Differences in habitat requirements for L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii supported differential transmission modes. In Southeast Asia, human infection risk is not only restricted to activities taking place in wetlands and rice fields as is commonly accepted, but should also include tasks such as forestry work, as well as the hunting and preparation of rodents for consumption, which deserve more attention in future epidemiological studies. Leptospirosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Rodents are believed to be the main reservoirs of Leptospira, yet little epidemiological research has been conducted on rodents from Southeast Asia. Previous studies suggest that activities which place humans in microenvironments shared by rodents increase the probability of contracting leptospirosis. We therefore investigated the circulation of leptospiral species and strains in rodent communities and human populations in seven localities scattered throughout Southeast Asia; in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. Molecular typing assays were used to characterize leptospiral species and strains in both rodents and humans, which demonstrated common strains between humans and rodents. Additionally, we observed that the two most abundant leptospiral species; L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, have different habitat requirements, which supposes different modes of transmission. Lastly, in Southeast Asia, the risk of leptospiral transmission to humans is not solely limited to wetlands and rice paddy fields, but is also linked to forested areas, and activities such as the hunting and/or preparation of rodents for consumption.
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Liebgold EB, Gerlach NM, Ketterson ED. Similarity in temporal variation in sex-biased dispersal over short and long distances in the dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:5548-60. [PMID: 24730036 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of sex-biased dispersal (SBD) are typically consistent within taxa, for example female-biased in birds and male-biased in mammals, leading to theories about the evolutionary pressures that lead to SBD. However, generalizations about the evolution of sex biases tend to overlook that dispersal is mediated by ecological factors that vary over time. We examined potential temporal variation in between- and within-population dispersal over an 11-year period in a bird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured between-population dispersal patterns using genetic assignment indices and found yearly variation in which sex was more likely to have immigrated. When we measured within-population spatial genetic structure and mark–recapture dispersal distances, we typically found yearly SBD patterns that mirrored between-population dispersal, indicating common eco-evolutionary causes despite expected differences due to the scale of dispersal. However, in years without detectable between-population sex biases, we found genetic similarity between nearby males within our population. This suggests that, in certain circumstances, ecological pressures may act on within-population dispersal without affecting dispersal between populations. Alternatively, current analytical tools may be better able to detect within-population SBD. Future work will investigate potential causes of the observed temporal variation in dispersal patterns and whether they have greater effects on within-population dispersal.
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Byrne AW, Quinn JL, O'Keeffe JJ, Green S, Sleeman DP, Martin SW, Davenport J. Large-scale movements in European badgers: has the tail of the movement kernel been underestimated? J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:991-1001. [PMID: 24410133 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing patterns of animal movement is a major aim in population ecology, and yet doing so at an appropriate spatial scale remains a major challenge. Estimating the frequency and distances of movements is of particular importance when species are implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases. European badgers (Meles meles) are classically viewed as exhibiting limited dispersal, and yet their movements bring them into conflict with farmers due to their potential to spread bovine tuberculosis in parts of their range. Considerable uncertainty surrounds the movement potential of badgers, and this may be related to the spatial scale of previous empirical studies. We conducted a large-scale mark-recapture study (755 km(2); 2008-2012; 1935 capture events; 963 badgers) to investigate movement patterns in badgers, and undertook a comparative meta-analysis using published data from 15 European populations. The dispersal movement (>1 km) kernel followed an inverse power-law function, with a substantial 'tail' indicating the occurrence of rare long-distance dispersal attempts during the study period. The mean recorded distance from this distribution was 2.6 km, the 95 percentile was 7.3 km and the longest recorded was 22.1 km. Dispersal frequency distributions were significantly different between genders; males dispersed more frequently than females, but females made proportionally more long-distance dispersal attempts than males. We used a subsampling approach to demonstrate that the appropriate minimum spatial scale to characterize badger movements in our study population was 80 km(2), substantially larger than many previous badger studies. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated a significant association between maximum movement distance and study area size, while controlling for population density. Maximum long-distance movements were often only recorded by chance beyond the boundaries of study areas. These findings suggest that the tail of the badger movement distribution is currently underestimated. The implications of this for understanding the spatial ecology of badger populations and for the design of disease intervention strategies are potentially significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Byrne
- Teagasc, Athenry Co., Galway, Ireland.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John L Quinn
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James J O'Keeffe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stuart Green
- Teagasc (Spatial Analysis), Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - D Paddy Sleeman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Wayne Martin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - John Davenport
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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33
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Delayed dispersal in the Zaisan mole vole (Ellobius tancrei): helping or extended parental investment? J ETHOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-013-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Eccard JA, Herde A. Seasonal variation in the behaviour of a short-lived rodent. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 24238069 PMCID: PMC3870992 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Short lived, iteroparous animals in seasonal environments experience variable social and environmental conditions over their lifetime. Animals can be divided into those with a “young-of-the-year” life history (YY, reproducing and dying in the summer of birth) and an “overwinter” life history (OW, overwintering in a subadult state before reproducing next spring). We investigated how behavioural patterns across the population were affected by season and sex, and whether variation in behaviour reflects the variation in life history patterns of each season. Applications of pace-of-life (POL) theory would suggest that long-lived OW animals are shyer in order to increase survival, and YY are bolder in order to increase reproduction. Therefore, we expected that in winter and spring samples, when only OW can be sampled, the animals should be shyer than in summer and autumn, when both OW and YY animals can be sampled. We studied common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations, which express typical, intra-annual density fluctuation. We captured a total of 492 voles at different months over 3 years and examined boldness and activity level with two standardised behavioural experiments. Results Behavioural variables of the two tests were correlated with each other. Boldness, measured as short latencies in both tests, was extremely high in spring compared to other seasons. Activity level was highest in spring and summer, and higher in males than in females. Conclusion Being bold in laboratory tests may translate into higher risk-taking in nature by being more mobile while seeking out partners or valuable territories. Possible explanations include asset-protection, with OW animals being rather old with low residual reproductive value in spring. Therefore, OW may take higher risks during this season. Offspring born in spring encounter a lower population density and may have higher reproductive value than offspring of later cohorts. A constant connection between life history and animal personality, as suggested by the POL theory, however, was not found. Nevertheless, correlations of traits suggest the existence of animal personalities. In conclusion, complex patterns of population dynamics, seasonal variation in life histories, and variability of behaviour due to asset-protection may cause complex seasonal behavioural dynamics in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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35
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Waser PM, Nichols KM, Hadfield JD. Fitness consequences of dispersal: is leaving home the best of a bad lot? Ecology 2013; 94:1287-95. [PMID: 23923492 DOI: 10.1890/12-1037.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using 20 years of demographic and genetic data from four populations of banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis), we asked whether dispersing individuals gain benefits during adulthood that might compensate for the substantial survival costs they experience as juveniles. Compared to philopatric animals, within- and between-population dispersers gained no measureable advantages in adult survival, fecundity, or probability of recruiting offspring to adulthood. Restricting analyses to members of two central populations living more than 15 times the median dispersal distance from the study site edge, and using peripheral populations only to detect dispersal or offspring recruitment "offsite," did not change this result. Population density during year of birth had small negative effects on adult survival and fecundity, but there were no interactions with dispersal phenotype. We found no evidence that dispersers gained access to superior habitat or that their offspring suffered less inbreeding depression. Our results are consistent with fitness advantages being indirect; by leaving, dispersers release their kin from competition. Our results are also consistent with the possibility that dispersal is the "best of a bad lot." If dispersal is a conditional strategy, then the benefits may be obscured in observational data that compare dispersing individuals to philopatric individuals rather than to individuals whose dispersal phenotype is experimentally manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Waser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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36
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Vangestel C, Callens T, Vandomme V, Lens L. Sex-biased dispersal at different geographical scales in a cooperative breeder from fragmented rainforest. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71624. [PMID: 23951208 PMCID: PMC3739751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal affects both social behavior and population structure and is therefore a key determinant of long-term population persistence. However, dispersal strategies and responses to spatial habitat alteration may differ between sexes. Here we analyzed spatial and temporal variation in ten polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci of male and female Cabanis's greenbuls (Phyllastrephuscabanisi), a cooperative breeder of Afrotropical rainforest, to quantify rates of gene flow and fine-grained genetic structuring within and among fragmented populations. We found genetic evidence for female-biased dispersal at small spatial scales, but not at the landscape level. Local autocorrelation analysis provided evidence of positive genetic structure within 300 m distance ranges, which is consistent with behavioral observations of short-distance natal dispersal. At a landscape scale, individual-based autocorrelation values decreased over time while levels of admixture increased, possibly indicating increased gene flow over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Vangestel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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37
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Luque-Larena JJ, Mougeot F, Viñuela J, Jareño D, Arroyo L, Lambin X, Arroyo B. Recent large-scale range expansion and outbreaks of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in NW Spain. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Dąbrowski MJ, Pomorski JJ, Gliwicz J. Cytochrome b gene ( cytb) sequence diversity in a Microtus oeconomus population from Bialowieza Primeval Forest. ACTA THERIOLOGICA 2013; 58:119-126. [PMID: 23538781 PMCID: PMC3606515 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-012-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on published information about the glacial, postglacial, and recent distribution of the root vole, Microtus oeconomus, we hypothesized that a population inhabiting the pristine wetland in eastern Poland (Bialowieza Primeval Forest) might comprise a high diversity of haplotypes. The support for this hypothesis was provided by an analysis of partial cytb gene sequences from 149 voles sampled within a two-hectare plot during a nine-year study. In this population, we identified eight haplotypes (PLB1-PLB8), four of which were new to the root vole. These haplotypes were characterized by low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0054, SE = 0.0019), the absence of transversional differences between sequences, and no changes in the encoded amino acid sequence: features suggesting a lack of immigration from the distant populations. The haplotype number and their frequency distribution in males and females did not differ significantly. An assessment of the persistence of matrilines in the local population throughout the study period revealed that the haplotype composition was relatively stable for only about 3 years. A more complete haplotype network for root voles in Europe was constructed by combining the newly identified haplotypes with the 45 previously described haplotypes. Two of the haplotypes detected in this study occupy key positions in this network: PLB5, as the closest link to the North European group, and PLB8, as an ancestor to many other Central European haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Dąbrowski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang Y, Lane A, Ding P. Sex-biased dispersal of a frog (Odorrana schmackeri) is affected by patch isolation and resource limitation in a fragmented landscape. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47683. [PMID: 23094076 PMCID: PMC3475718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is widespread in the animal kingdom and is affected by numerous factors including mating system, social factors and environmental conditions. Unlike birds and mammals, there is no common trend in amphibians and explaining the direction and degree of sex-biased dispersal in species-specific cases is difficult. We conducted a study on dispersal of the Chinese piebald odorous frog (Odorrana schmackeri) in a fragmented landscape associated with dam construction. Ten microsatellite loci were used to analyze 382 samples sourced from 14 fragmented ‘islands’. Assignment tests indicated a significant pattern of female-biased dispersal on one island with inconsistencies in the strength and direction of this pattern between nearby islands. The effects of four island attributes and two potential impact factors on the pattern of sex-biased dispersal were examined. We found that the extent of isolation from the mainland and the number of breeding sites both showed a negative correlation with female biased dispersal, such that the closer an island is to the mainland the more likely it is to display female biased dispersal, and the more breeding sites on an island the more male immigrants. Based on these results, we conclude that geographic isolation and limited breeding resources are the most likely explanation for the patterns of dispersal observed in this fragmented population of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amanda Lane
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ping Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Badenhausser I, Gouat M, Goarant A, Cornulier T, Bretagnolle V. Spatial autocorrelation in farmland grasshopper assemblages (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in western France. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 41:1050-1061. [PMID: 23068160 DOI: 10.1603/en11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification in western Europe has caused a dramatic loss of grassland surfaces in farmlands, which have resulted in strong declines in grassland invertebrates, leading to cascade effects at higher trophic levels among consumers of invertebrates. Grasshoppers are important components of grassland invertebrate assemblages in European agricultural ecosystems, particularly as prey for bird species. Understanding how grasshopper populations are distributed in fragmented landscapes with low grassland availability is critical for both studies in biodiversity conservation and insect management. We assessed the range and strength of spatial autocorrelation for two grasshopper taxa (Gomphocerinae subfamily and Calliptamus italicus L.) across an intensive farmland in western France. Data from surveys carried out over 8 yr in 1,715 grassland fields were analyzed using geostatistics. Weak spatial patterns were observed at small spatial scales, suggesting important local effects of management practices on grasshopper densities. Spatial autocorrelation patterns for both grasshopper taxa were only detected at intermediate scales. For Gomphocerinae, the range of spatial autocorrelation varied from 802 to 2,613 m according to the year, depending both on grasshopper density and on grassland surfaces in the study site, whereas spatial patterns for the Italian locust were more variable and not related to grasshopper density or grassland surfaces. Spatial patterns in the distribution of Gomphocerinae supported our hypothesis that habitat availability was a major driver of grasshopper distribution in the landscape, and suggested it was related to density-dependent processes such as dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Badenhausser
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UPR 1934, F-79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
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41
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Rikalainen K, Aspi J, Galarza JA, Koskela E, Mappes T. Maintenance of genetic diversity in cyclic populations-a longitudinal analysis in Myodes glareolus. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1491-502. [PMID: 22957157 PMCID: PMC3434924 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspicuous cyclic changes in population density characterize many populations of small northern rodents. The extreme crashes in individual number are expected to reduce the amount of genetic variation within a population during the crash phases of the population cycle. By long-term monitoring of a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population, we show that despite the substantial and repetitive crashes in the population size, high heterozygosity is maintained throughout the population cycle. The striking population density fluctuation in fact only slightly reduced the allelic richness of the population during the crash phases. Effective population sizes of vole populations remained also relatively high even during the crash phases. We further evaluated potential mechanisms contributing to the genetic diversity of the population and found that the peak phases are characterized by both a change in spatial pattern of individuals and a rapid accession of new alleles probably due to migration. We propose that these events act together in maintaining the high genetic diversity within cyclical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Rikalainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouni Aspi
- Department of Biology, University of OuluP.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juan A Galarza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Esa Koskela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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43
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Arteaga MC, Piñero D, Eguiarte LE, Gasca J, Medellín RA. Genetic structure and diversity of the nine-banded armadillo in Mexico. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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44
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Vercken E, Sinervo B, Clobert J. The importance of a good neighborhood: dispersal decisions in juvenile common lizards are based on social environment. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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45
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Yannic G, Basset P, Büchi L, Hausser J, Broquet T. SCALE-SPECIFIC SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL IN THE VALAIS SHREW UNVEILED BY GENETIC VARIATION ON THE Y CHROMOSOME, AUTOSOMES, AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Evolution 2012; 66:1737-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Le Galliard JF, Rémy A, Ims RA, Lambin X. Patterns and processes of dispersal behaviour in arvicoline rodents. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:505-23. [PMID: 22211403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A good understanding of mammalian societies requires measuring patterns and comprehending processes of dispersal in each sex. We investigated dispersal behaviour in arvicoline rodents, a subfamily of mammals widespread in northern temperate environments and characterized by a multivoltine life cycle. In arvicoline rodents, variation in life history strategies occurs along a continuum from precocial to delayed maturation that reflects seasonal and ecological fluctuations. We compared dispersal across and within species focusing on the effects of external (condition-dependent) and internal (phenotype-dependent) factors. Our data revealed substantial, unexplained variation between species for dispersal distances and a strong variation within species for both dispersal distance and fraction. Some methodological aspects explained variation across studies, which cautions against comparisons that do not control for them. Overall, the species under consideration display frequent short-distance dispersal events and extremely flexible dispersal strategies, but they also have hitherto unexpected capacity to disperse long distances. Female arvicolines are predominantly philopatric relative to males, but we found no clear association between the mating system and the degree of sex bias in dispersal across species. Dispersal is a response to both various proximate and ultimate factors, including competition, inbreeding avoidance, mate searching and habitat quality. In particular, our review suggests that costs and benefits experienced during transience and settlement are prime determinants of condition dependence. Patterns of phenotype-dependent dispersal are idiosyncratic, except for a widespread association between an exploration/activity syndrome and natal dispersal. Consequences for population dynamics and genetic structures are discussed.
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47
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Janova E, Heroldova M, Konecny A, Bryja J. Traditional and diversified crops in South Moravia (Czech Republic): Habitat preferences of common vole and mice species. Mamm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Schubert G, Stoneking CJ, Arandjelovic M, Boesch C, Eckhardt N, Hohmann G, Langergraber K, Lukas D, Vigilant L. Male-mediated gene flow in patrilocal primates. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21514. [PMID: 21747938 PMCID: PMC3128582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many group-living species display strong sex biases in dispersal tendencies. However, gene flow mediated by apparently philopatric sex may still occur and potentially alters population structure. In our closest living evolutionary relatives, dispersal of adult males seems to be precluded by high levels of territoriality between males of different groups in chimpanzees, and has only been observed once in bonobos. Still, male-mediated gene flow might occur through rare events such as extra-group matings leading to extra-group paternity (EGP) and female secondary dispersal with offspring, but the extent of this gene flow has not yet been assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using autosomal microsatellite genotyping of samples from multiple groups of wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), we found low genetic differentiation among groups for both males and females. Characterization of Y-chromosome microsatellites revealed levels of genetic differentiation between groups in bonobos almost as high as those reported previously in eastern chimpanzees, but lower levels of differentiation in western chimpanzees. By using simulations to evaluate the patterns of Y-chromosomal variation expected under realistic assumptions of group size, mutation rate and reproductive skew, we demonstrate that the observed presence of multiple and highly divergent Y-haplotypes within western chimpanzee and bonobo groups is best explained by successful male-mediated gene flow. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The similarity of inferred rates of male-mediated gene flow and published rates of EGP in western chimpanzees suggests this is the most likely mechanism of male-mediated gene flow in this subspecies. In bonobos more data are needed to refine the estimated rate of gene flow. Our findings suggest that dispersal patterns in these closely related species, and particularly for the chimpanzee subspecies, are more variable than previously appreciated. This is consistent with growing recognition of extensive behavioral variation in chimpanzees and bonobos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Schubert
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Junior Research Group Novel Zoonoses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Eckhardt
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Langergraber
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dieter Lukas
- Large Animal Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Naim DM, Telfer S, Tatman S, Bird S, Kemp SJ, Hughes R, Watts PC. Patterns of genetic divergence among populations of the common dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius in the UK. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1205-15. [PMID: 21603855 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative descriptions of population genetic structure allows the delineation of population units and is therefore of primary importance in population management and wildlife conservation. Yet, predicting factors that influence the gene flow patterns in populations particularly at landscape scales remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we report a population genetic study of the common dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, a species that is seriously threatened due to anthropogenic factors, in two regions, Bontuchel (Denbighshire) and Afonwen (Gwynedd), both in Wales, UK. Ten microsatellite loci were used to characterize patterns of genetic diversity of M. avellanarius within both regions. While the population differentiation between both regions is apparent through geographical scale separating them, by using Bayesian clustering analyses, we identified the occurrence of genetic division among populations of M. avellanarius in Bontuchel region, but no significant evidence of differentiation in Afonwen. We found a strong significant isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern at a fine-scale (less than 1 km) within continuous habitat and between habitat patches in both regions. Overall, analyses suggest that small-scale dispersal associated with the social structure and dispersal tendencies of this species is reflected in the genetic structure of populations. These findings then provide useful baseline data for supporting local management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlina Md Naim
- Division of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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50
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Fischer MC, Foll M, Excoffier L, Heckel G. Enhanced AFLP genome scans detect local adaptation in high-altitude populations of a small rodent (Microtus arvalis). Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1450-62. [PMID: 21352386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to adverse environmental conditions such as high altitude requires physiological and/or morphological changes. Genome scans provide a means to identify the genetic basis of such adaptations without previous knowledge about the particular genetic variants or traits under selection. In this study, we scanned 3027 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in four populations of the common vole Microtus arvalis for loci associated with local adaptation and high altitude. We investigated voles from two populations at high elevation (~2000 m a.s.l.) representing the upper limit of the altitudinal distribution of the species and two geographically close low-altitude populations (<600 m a.s.l.). Statistical analysis incorporated a new Bayesian F(ST) outlier approach specifically developed for AFLP markers, which considers the intensity of AFLP bands instead of mere presence/absence and allows to derive population-based estimates of allele frequencies and F(IS) values. Computer simulations showed that this approach increases the statistical power of the detection of AFLP markers under selection almost to the power of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data without compromising specificity. Our enhanced genome scan resulted in 20 prime candidate markers for positive selection, which show mostly extremely high allele frequency differences between the low- and high-altitude populations. The comparison of global- and pairwise-enhanced genome scans demonstrated further that very strong selective signatures may also be associated with single populations suggesting the importance of local adaptation in alpine populations of common voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Fischer
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland
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