1
|
Dumas MN, St Lawrence S, Masoero G, Bize P, Martin JGA. Adult body mass is heritable, positively genetically correlated and under selection of differing shapes between the sexes in a bird with little apparent sexual dimorphism. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:567-582. [PMID: 38400559 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In most animals, body mass varies with ecological conditions and is expected to reflect how much energy can be allocated to reproduction and survival. Because the sexes often differ in their resource acquisition and allocation strategies, variations in adult body mass and their consequences on fitness can differ between the sexes. Assessing the relative contributions of environmental and genetic effects (i.e. heritability)-and whether these effects and their fitness consequences are sex-specific-is essential to gain insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism and sexual conflicts. We used 20+ years of data to study the sources of variation in adult body mass and associated fitness consequences in a bird with biparental care, the Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba). Swifts appear monomorphic to human observers, though subtle dimorphisms are present. We first investigated the effects of weather conditions on adult body mass using a sliding window analysis approach. We report a positive effect of temperature and a negative effect of rainfall on adult body mass, as expected for an aerial insectivorous bird. We then quantified the additive genetic variance and heritability of body mass in both sexes and assessed the importance of genetic constraints on mass evolution by estimating the cross-sex genetic correlation. Heritability was different from zero in both sexes at ~0.30. The positive cross-sex genetic correlation and comparable additive genetic variance between the sexes suggest the possibility for evolutionary constraints when it comes to body mass. Finally, we assessed the sex-specific selection on adjusted body mass using multiple fitness components. We report directional positive and negative selection trending towards stabilizing and diversifying selection on females and males respectively in relation to the weighted proportion of surviving fledglings. Overall, these results suggest that while body mass may be able to respond to environmental conditions and evolve, genetic constraints would result in similar changes in both sexes or an overall absence of response to selection. It remains unclear whether the weak (1%) dimorphism in Alpine swift body mass we report is simply a result of the similar fitness peaks between the sexes or of genetic constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela N Dumas
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Giulia Masoero
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Bize
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Julien G A Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
White KS, Hood E, Wolken GJ, Peitzsch EH, Bühler Y, Wikstrom Jones K, Darimont CT. Snow avalanches are a primary climate-linked driver of mountain ungulate populations. Commun Biol 2024; 7:423. [PMID: 38684895 PMCID: PMC11058775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Snow is a major, climate-sensitive feature of the Earth's surface and catalyst of fundamentally important ecosystem processes. Understanding how snow influences sentinel species in rapidly changing mountain ecosystems is particularly critical. Whereas effects of snow on food availability, energy expenditure, and predation are well documented, we report how avalanches exert major impacts on an ecologically significant mountain ungulate - the coastal Alaskan mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus). Using long-term GPS data and field observations across four populations (421 individuals over 17 years), we show that avalanches caused 23-65% of all mortality, depending on area. Deaths varied seasonally and were directly linked to spatial movement patterns and avalanche terrain use. Population-level avalanche mortality, 61% of which comprised reproductively important prime-aged individuals, averaged 8% annually and exceeded 22% when avalanche conditions were severe. Our findings reveal a widespread but previously undescribed pathway by which snow can elicit major population-level impacts and shape demographic characteristics of slow-growing populations of mountain-adapted animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S White
- Department of Natural Sciences, Program on the Environment, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA.
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
- Division of Wildlife Conservation (ret.), Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK, 99811, USA.
| | - Eran Hood
- Department of Natural Sciences, Program on the Environment, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Gabriel J Wolken
- Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Climate and Cryosphere Hazards Program, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA
- Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Erich H Peitzsch
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana, MT, 59936, USA
| | - Yves Bühler
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos CH-7260, Davos, Switzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Davos CH-7260, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Katreen Wikstrom Jones
- Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Chris T Darimont
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rice C, Larue B, Jex B, Festa Bianchet M. Regulations and hunter preference affect mountain goat harvest and horn length. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wlb3.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Rice
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Benjamin Larue
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Bill Jex
- Fish&Wildlife Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests Smithers BC Canada
| | - Marco Festa Bianchet
- Dépt de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klein K, Kokko H, Ten Brink H. Disentangling Verbal Arguments: Intralocus Sexual Conflict in Haplodiploids. Am Nat 2021; 198:678-693. [PMID: 34762569 DOI: 10.1086/716908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn haplodiploids, (1) alleles spend twice as many generations in females as in males, (2) males are never heterozygous and therefore express recessive alleles, and (3) males sire daughters but not sons. Intralocus sexual conflict therefore operates differently in haplodiploids than in diploids and shares strong similarities with loci on X (or Z) chromosomes. The common co-occurrence of all three features makes it difficult to pinpoint their respective roles. However, they do not always co-occur in nature, and missing cases can be additionally studied with hypothetical life cycles. We model sexually antagonistic alleles in eight different sex determination systems and find that arguments 1 and 2 promote invasion and fixation of female-beneficial and male-beneficial alleles, respectively; argument 2 also improves prospects for polymorphism. Argument 3 harms the invasion prospects of sexually antagonistic alleles (irrespective of which sex benefits) but promotes fixation should invasion nevertheless occur. Disentangling the features helps to evaluate the validity of previous verbal arguments and yields better-informed predictions about intralocus sexual conflict under different sex determination systems, including hitherto undiscovered ones.
Collapse
|
5
|
Flintham EO, Savolainen V, Mullon C. Dispersal Alters the Nature and Scope of Sexually Antagonistic Variation. Am Nat 2021; 197:543-559. [PMID: 33908829 DOI: 10.1086/713739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntralocus sexual conflict, or sexual antagonism, occurs when alleles have opposing fitness effects in the two sexes. Previous theory suggests that sexual antagonism is a driver of genetic variation by generating balancing selection. However, most of these studies assume that populations are well mixed, neglecting the effects of spatial subdivision. Here, we use mathematical modeling to show that limited dispersal changes evolution at sexually antagonistic autosomal and X-linked loci as a result of inbreeding and sex-specific kin competition. We find that if the sexes disperse at different rates, kin competition within the philopatric sex biases intralocus conflict in favor of the more dispersive sex. Furthermore, kin competition diminishes the strength of balancing selection relative to genetic drift, reducing genetic variation in small subdivided populations. Meanwhile, by decreasing heterozygosity, inbreeding reduces the scope for sexually antagonistic polymorphism due to nonadditive allelic effects, and this occurs to a greater extent on the X chromosome than autosomes. Overall, our results indicate that spatial structure is a relevant factor in predicting where sexually antagonistic alleles might be observed. We suggest that sex-specific dispersal ecology and demography can contribute to interspecific and intragenomic variation in sexual antagonism.
Collapse
|
6
|
Haworth SE, White KS, Côté SD, Shafer ABA. Space, time and captivity: quantifying the factors influencing the fecal microbiome of an alpine ungulate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5519850. [PMID: 31210274 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The community of microorganisms in the gut is affected by host species, diet and environment and is linked to normal functioning of the host organism. Although the microbiome fluctuates in response to host demands and environmental changes, there are core groups of microorganisms that remain relatively constant throughout the hosts lifetime. Ruminants are mammals that rely on highly specialized digestive and metabolic modifications, including microbiome adaptations, to persist in extreme environments. Here, we assayed the fecal microbiome of four mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) populations in western North America. We quantified fecal microbiome diversity and composition among groups in the wild and captivity, across populations and in a single group over time. There were no differences in community evenness or diversity across groups, although we observed a decreasing diversity trend across summer months. Pairwise sample estimates grouped the captive population distinctly from the wild populations, and moderately grouped the southern wild group distinctly from the two northern wild populations. We identified 33 genera modified by captivity, with major differences in key groups associated with cellulose degradation that likely reflect differences in diet. Our findings are consistent with other ruminant studies and provide baseline microbiome data in this enigmatic species, offering valuable insights into the health of wild alpine ungulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Haworth
- Forensics Program, Trent University, K9J 7B8 Peterborough, Canada.,Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 7K9J 7B8 Peterborough, Canada
| | - Kevin S White
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK 99802, USA
| | - Steeve D Côté
- Département de Biologie and Centre for Northern Studies, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Forensics Program, Trent University, K9J 7B8 Peterborough, Canada.,Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 7K9J 7B8 Peterborough, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitrus C, Mitrus J, Rutkowski R. Individual Heterozygosity Influences Arrival Times and Mating Success of Male Red-Breasted Flycatchers Ficedula parva. Zool Stud 2020; 59:e12. [PMID: 32760458 PMCID: PMC7396921 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between individual heterozygosity of male Red-breasted Flycatchers (Ficedula parva; a small long-distance migratory, socially monogamous bird species) and their mating success, arrival time and age. Using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci, we found that male heterozygosity is related to both mating success and arrival time, but not to age. Mated and earlier arriving males had higher heterozygosity than later arrivals and bachelors, but we did not find a relationship between age and individual heterozygosity of males. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence about the relationship between individual genetic diversity and arrival time, thus arrival time could be used as a signal of individual heterozygosity and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Mitrus
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland. E-mail: (C. Mitrus)
| | - Joanna Mitrus
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland. E-mail: (J. Mitrus)
| | - Robert Rutkowski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: (Rutkowski)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Montana L, Rousseu F, Garant D, Festa-Bianchet M. Siring success in kangaroos: size matters for those in the right place at the right time. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In polygynous species, male reproductive success is predicted to be monopolized by a few dominant males. This prediction is often not supported, suggesting that ecological and alternative mating tactics influence siring success. The spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the number of males competing for each receptive female are often overlooked because they are difficult to monitor in wild animals. We examined how spatial overlap of female–male pairs, the time spent by a male on the breeding site, number of competitors, and morphological traits influence siring probability in eastern gray kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). We compared home range overlap for 12 208 dam–male pairs and 295 known dam–sire pairs to define local competitive groups and to estimate every male’s opportunity to sire the young of each female. We compared models considering morphological traits relative to the entire population or to local competitive groups. Including local competition improved model performance because it estimated the intensity of competition and compared each male’s morphological traits to those of its competitive group. Regardless of size, males can increase their probability to sire a young by increasing their mating opportunity relative to the mother. We underline the importance of considering spatial structure to assess the intensity of competition in species where males cannot equally access all females in a population. The estimation of mating opportunity and intensity of local competition improves our understanding of how morphological traits affect siring success when each mating event involves a different set of competing males, a characteristic of most wild species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Montana
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François Rousseu
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Douhard M, Crampe J, Loison A, Bonenfant C. A negative association between horn length and survival in a weakly dimorphic ungulate. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2793-2802. [PMID: 32211156 PMCID: PMC7083655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While all models of sexual selection assume that the development and expression of enlarged secondary sexual traits are costly, males with larger ornaments or weapons generally show greater survival or longevity. These studies have mostly been performed in species with high sexual size dimorphism, subject to intense sexual selection. Here, we examined the relationships between horn growth and several survival metrics in the weakly dimorphic Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica). In this unhunted population living at high density, males and females were able to grow long horns without any apparent costs in terms of longevity. However, we found a negative relationship between horn growth and survival during prime age in males. This association reduces the potential evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting in male chamois. We also found that females with long horns tended to have lower survival at old ages. Our results illustrate the contrasting conclusions that may be drawn when different survival metrics are used in analyses. The ability to detect trade-off between the expression of male secondary sexual traits and survival may depend more on environmental conditions experienced by the population than on the strength of sexual selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Douhard
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR CNRS 5553Université Savoie Mont‐BlancLe Bourget‐du‐LacFrance
| | | | - Anne Loison
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR CNRS 5553Université Savoie Mont‐BlancLe Bourget‐du‐LacFrance
| | - Christophe Bonenfant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie ÉvolutiveUMR CNRS 5558Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kavčić K, Corlatti L, Safner T, Budak N, Šprem N. Contrasting patterns of sexually selected traits in Mediterranean and continental populations of European mouflon. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2085-2092. [PMID: 32128140 PMCID: PMC7042679 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of sexually selected traits in highly dimorphic ungulates may be influenced by environmental quality. Variations in habitat conditions can impose different constraints on the allocation of energy resources to male life-history traits, and possibly alter the female preferences for specific features. Here, we compared the horn growth patterns in male European mouflon Ovis aries musimon living in different habitats (Mediterranean vs. continental) but sharing a common genetic origin. We hypothesized that the expression of sexually selected traits such as horn development should be promoted in more favorable habitat conditions (i.e., Mediterranean). Using linear mixed models on data retrieved from individuals harvested under the same hunting regime, we found longer horns and greater individual variance in horn segment length in the Mediterranean population than in the continental one. Furthermore, Mediterranean rams showed no evidence of compensatory horn growth, as opposed to the continental rams. Unexpectedly, horn base circumference was greater in the continental habitat than in the Mediterranean one. The overall results suggest different patterns of investment in horns in the two populations, with seemingly stronger pressure and consequences of sexual selection on mouflon rams living in more favorable environments. Although the role of hunters' selectivity cannot be excluded a priori, our data suggest that the differences in the expression of sexually selected traits in our study populations may be influenced by environmental conditions. Because sexual selection can impose substantial fitness costs on individuals, further investigations on the trade-offs between reproduction and survival would improve our understanding of the dynamics of mouflon populations living in different environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Kavčić
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Luca Corlatti
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Toni Safner
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and BiometricsFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP‐BioDiv)ZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dulude‐de Broin F, Hamel S, Mastromonaco GF, Côté SD. Predation risk and mountain goat reproduction: Evidence for stress‐induced breeding suppression in a wild ungulate. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dulude‐de Broin
- Département de biologie Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
- Centre d'études nordiquesQuébec City QC Canada
| | - Sandra Hamel
- Département de biologie Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Steeve D. Côté
- Département de biologie Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
- Centre d'études nordiquesQuébec City QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gale TJ, Garratt M, Brooks RC. Female mice seek refuge from castrated males, but not intact or vasectomized males, mitigating a socially-induced glucocorticoid response. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112678. [PMID: 31505190 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sexual conflict may be manifested during social interactions, shaping the costs of reproduction in sexually reproducing species. This conflict, and the physical necessity of intromission, can intensify the already costly nature of reproduction for female mammals. To identify and partition the costs that males inflict on females during mating and reproduction, we paired female mice with either other females or castrated, vasectomised, or intact (sham-vasectomised) males, thus manipulating exposure to social mating behavior and costs arising from fertilization. We also provided females with refuges where males could not enter, to test whether females show avoidance or attraction to males of different gonadal status expected to exhibit different levels of social behavior. We found that females paired with vasectomised and castrated males spent the most time in their refuge. Females housed with castrated males also had increased glucocorticoid levels, an effect that was mitigated when females could retreat from these males to a refuge. This suggests that females actively refuge from castrated males, and that housing with such males is sufficient to generate an increased glucocorticoid response. Our results show that females choose to refuge from males depending on the partner's gonadal status, choices that are linked to social induced stress responses but not exposure to male mating behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teagan J Gale
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), the University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Michael Garratt
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), the University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert C Brooks
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), the University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iglesias‐Carrasco M, Fox RJ, Vega‐Trejo R, Jennions MD, Head ML. An experimental test for body size‐dependent effects of male harassment and an elevated copulation rate on female lifetime fecundity and offspring performance. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1262-1273. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maider Iglesias‐Carrasco
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Fox
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Regina Vega‐Trejo
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Department of Zoology/Ethology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael D. Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Megan L. Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Festa‐Bianchet M, Côté SD, Hamel S, Pelletier F. Long‐term studies of bighorn sheep and mountain goats reveal fitness costs of reproduction. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1118-1133. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Festa‐Bianchet
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques Québec City Québec Canada
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- Centre d'études nordiques Québec City Québec Canada
- Département de biologie Université Laval Sainte‐Foy Québec Canada
| | - Sandra Hamel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
- Centre d'études nordiques Québec City Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Regan CE, Tuke LA, Colpitts J, McLoughlin PD, Wilson AJ, Poissant J. Evolutionary quantitative genetics of juvenile body size in a population of feral horses reveals sexually antagonistic selection. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Wright E, Galbany J, McFarlin SC, Ndayishimiye E, Stoinski TS, Robbins MM. Male body size, dominance rank and strategic use of aggression in a group-living mammal. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Nguyen TTX, Moehring AJ. Males from populations with higher competitive mating success produce sons with lower fitness. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:528-534. [PMID: 30811733 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Female mate choice can result in direct benefits to the female or indirect benefits through her offspring. Females can increase their fitness by mating with males whose genes encode increased survivorship and reproductive output. Alternatively, male investment in enhanced mating success may come at the cost of reduced investment in offspring fitness. Here, we measure male mating success in a mating arena that allows for male-male, male-female and female-female interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. We then use isofemale line population measurements to correlate male mating success with sperm competitive ability, the number of offspring produced and the indirect benefits of the number of offspring produced by daughters and sons. We find that males from populations that gain more copulations do not increase female fitness through increased offspring production, nor do these males fare better in sperm competition. Instead, we find that these populations have a reduced reproductive output of sons, indicating a potential reproductive trade-off between male mating success and offspring quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinh T X Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duffy E, Archer CR, Sharma MD, Prus M, Joag RA, Radwan J, Wedell N, Hosken DJ. Wolbachia infection can bias estimates of intralocus sexual conflict. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:328-338. [PMID: 30680117 PMCID: PMC6342094 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females share most of their genome and develop many of the same traits. However, each sex frequently has different optimal values for these shared traits, creating intralocus sexual conflict. This conflict has been observed in wild and laboratory populations of insects and affects important evolutionary processes such as sexual selection, the maintenance of genetic variation, and possibly even speciation. Given the broad impacts of intralocus conflict, accurately detecting and measuring it is important. A common way to detect intralocus sexual conflict is to calculate the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness, with negative values suggesting conflict. Here, we highlight a potential confounder of this measure-cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by the intracellular parasite Wolbachia. Infection with Wolbachia can generate negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness in insects, suggestive of intralocus sexual conflict. This is because cytoplasmic incompatibility reduces the fitness of uninfected females mated to infected males, while uninfected males will not suffer reductions in fitness if they mate with infected females and may even be fitter than infected males. This can lead to strong negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness, mimicking intralocus conflict. We illustrate this issue using simulations and then present Drosophila simulans data that show how reproductive incompatibilities caused by Wolbachia infection can generate signals of intralocus sexual conflict. Given that Wolbachia infection in insect populations is pervasive, but populations usually contain both infected and uninfected individuals providing scope for cytoplasmic incompatibility, this is an important consideration for sexual conflict research but one which, to date, has been largely underappreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Duffy
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - C. Ruth Archer
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Manmohan Dev Sharma
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Monika Prus
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Richa A. Joag
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | - Nina Wedell
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - David J. Hosken
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Markussen SS, Herfindal I, Loison A, Solberg EJ, Haanes H, Røed KH, Heim M, Saether BE. Determinants of age at first reproduction and lifetime breeding success revealed by full paternity assignment in a male ungulate. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stine S. Markussen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ivar Herfindal
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Anne Loison
- CNRS, UMR 5553 Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, Univ. de Savoie; Le Bourget du Lac France
| | | | - Hallvard Haanes
- The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA); Oslo Norway
| | - Knut H. Røed
- Dept of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Morten Heim
- Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA); Trondheim Norway
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Büntgen U, Galván JD, Mysterud A, Krusic PJ, Hülsmann L, Jenny H, Senn J, Bollmann K. Horn growth variation and hunting selection of the Alpine ibex. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1069-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Juan D. Galván
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Paul J. Krusic
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lisa Hülsmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Forest Ecology; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Department of Environmental Sciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Ecology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Hannes Jenny
- Department of Wildlife and Fishery Service Grisons; Chur Switzerland
| | - Josef Senn
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Douhard M, Guillemette S, Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F. Drivers and demographic consequences of seasonal mass changes in an alpine ungulate. Ecology 2018; 99:724-734. [PMID: 29336476 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We know little about the determinants and demographic consequences of the marked seasonal mass changes exhibited by many northern and alpine mammals. We analysed 43 years of data on individual winter mass loss (the difference between mass in early June and mass in mid-September the previous year) and summer mass gain (the difference between mass in mid-September and in early June of the same year) in adult bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). We calculated relative seasonal mass change as a proportion of individual body mass at the start of each season. We first examined the effects of weather and population density on relative changes in body mass. We then assessed the consequences of relative seasonal mass changes on reproduction. Mean April-May temperature was the main driver of relative seasonal mass changes: warm springs reduced both relative winter mass loss and summer mass gain of both sexes, likely partially due to a trade-off between growth rate of plants and duration of access to high-quality forage. Because these effects cancelled each other, spring temperature did not influence mass in mid-September. Mothers that lost relatively more mass during the winter had lambs that gained less mass during summer, likely because these females allocated fewer resources to lactation. Winter survival of lambs increased with their summer mass gain. In males, relative mass loss during winter, which includes the rut, did not influence the probability of siring at least one lamb, possibly indicating that greater mating effort did not necessarily translate into greater reproductive success. Our findings improve our understanding of how weather influences recruitment and underline the importance of cryptic mechanisms behind the effects of climate change on demographic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Douhard
- Département de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Simon Guillemette
- Département de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Département de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de Biologie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zinna RA, Gotoh H, Kojima T, Niimi T. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of sexually dimorphic plasticity: insights from beetle weapons and future directions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:35-41. [PMID: 29602360 PMCID: PMC5880310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many traits that are sexually dimorphic, appearing either differently or uniquely in one sex, are also sensitive to an organism's condition. This phenomenon seems to have evolved to limit genetic conflict between traits that are under different selective pressures in each sex. Recent work has shed light on the molecular and developmental mechanisms that govern this condition sensitive growth, and this work has now expanded to encompass both sexual dimorphism as well as conditionally plastic growth, as it seems the two phenomena are linked on a molecular level. In all cases studied the gene doublesex, a conserved regulator of sex differentiation, controls both sexual dimorphism as well as the condition-dependent plastic responses common to these traits. However, the advent of next-generation -omics technologies has allowed researchers to decipher the common and diverged mechanisms of sexually dimorphic plasticity and expand investigations beyond the foundation laid by studies utilizing beetle weapons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Zinna
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0106, United States.
| | - Hiroki Gotoh
- Lab of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pennell TM, Holman L, Morrow EH, Field J. Building a new research framework for social evolution: intralocus caste antagonism. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1251-1268. [PMID: 29341390 PMCID: PMC5896731 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The breeding and non‐breeding ‘castes’ of eusocial insects provide a striking example of role‐specific selection, where each caste maximises fitness through different morphological, behavioural and physiological trait values. Typically, queens are long‐lived egg‐layers, while workers are short‐lived, largely sterile foragers. Remarkably, the two castes are nevertheless produced by the same genome. The existence of inter‐caste genetic correlations is a neglected consequence of this shared genome, potentially hindering the evolution of caste dimorphism: alleles that increase the productivity of queens may decrease the productivity of workers and vice versa, such that each caste is prevented from reaching optimal trait values. A likely consequence of this ‘intralocus caste antagonism’ should be the maintenance of genetic variation for fitness and maladaptation within castes (termed ‘caste load’), analogous to the result of intralocus sexual antagonism. The aim of this review is to create a research framework for understanding caste antagonism, drawing in part upon conceptual similarities with sexual antagonism. By reviewing both the social insect and sexual antagonism literature, we highlight the current empirical evidence for caste antagonism, discuss social systems of interest, how antagonism might be resolved, and challenges for future research. We also introduce the idea that sexual and caste antagonism could interact, creating a three‐way antagonism over gene expression. This includes unpacking the implications of haplodiploidy for the outcome of this complex interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Pennell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Luke Holman
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Evolution Behaviour and Environment Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Jeremy Field
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Douhard
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l’ Université Sherbrooke QC J1K 2R1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hamel S, Gaillard JM, Douhard M, Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F, Yoccoz NG. Quantifying individual heterogeneity and its influence on life-history trajectories: different methods for different questions and contexts. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hamel
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology; Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic Univ. of Norway; NO-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- CNRS, UMR 5558 Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ. de Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - Mathieu Douhard
- Dépt de biologie and Centre d'études Nordiques; Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke; Québec Canada
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Dépt de biologie and Centre d'études Nordiques; Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke; Québec Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Dépt de biologie and Centre d'études Nordiques; Univ. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke; Québec Canada
| | - Nigel G. Yoccoz
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology; Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic Univ. of Norway; NO-9037 Tromsø Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grieshop K, Berger D, Arnqvist G. Male-benefit sexually antagonistic genotypes show elevated vulnerability to inbreeding. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:134. [PMID: 28606137 PMCID: PMC5469140 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is theoretical and empirical evidence for strong sexual selection in males having positive effects on population viability by serving to purify the genome of its mutation load at a low demographic cost. However, there is also theoretical and empirical evidence for negative effects of sexual selection on female fitness, and therefore population viability, known as the gender load. This can take the form of sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation where alleles with a selective advantage in males pose a detriment to female fitness, and vice versa. Here, using seed beetles, we shed light on a previously unexplored manifestation of the gender load: the effect of SA genetic variation on tolerance to inbreeding. Results We found that genotypes encoding high male, but low female fitness exhibited significantly greater rates of extinction upon enforced inbreeding relative to genotypes encoding high female but low male fitness. Also, genotypes encoding low fitness in both sexes exhibited greater rates of extinction relative to generally high-fitness genotypes (though marginally non-significant), an expected finding attributable to variation in mutation load across genotypes. Despite follow-up investigations aiming to identify the mechanism(s) underlying these findings, it remains unclear whether the gender load and the mutation load have independent consequences for tolerance to inbreeding, or whether these two types of genetic architecture interact epistatically to render male-benefit genetic variation relatively intolerant to inbreeding. Conclusions Regardless of the underlying mechanism(s), our results show that male-benefit/female-detriment SA genetic variation poses a previously unseen detriment to population viability due to its elevated vulnerability to inbreeding/homozygosity. This suggests that sexual selection in the context of SA genetic variance for fitness may enhance the gender load on population viability more than previously appreciated, due to selecting for male-benefit SA genetic variation that engenders lineages to extinction upon inbreeding. We note that our results imply that SA alleles that are sexually selected for in males may be underrepresented or even lacking in panels of inbred lines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0981-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pischedda A, Chippindale AK. Direct benefits of choosing a high-fitness mate can offset the indirect costs associated with intralocus sexual conflict. Evolution 2017; 71:1710-1718. [PMID: 28369895 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intralocus sexual conflict generates a cost to mate choice: high-fitness partners transmit genetic variation that confers lower fitness to offspring of the opposite sex. Our earlier work in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, revealed that these indirect genetic costs were sufficient to reverse potential "good genes" benefits of sexual selection. However, mate choice can also confer direct fitness benefits by inducing larger numbers of progeny. Here, we consider whether direct benefits through enhanced fertility could offset the costs associated with intralocus sexual conflict in D. melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we found that females mated to high-fitness males produced 11% more offspring compared to those mated to low-fitness males, and high-fitness females produced 34% more offspring than low-fitness females. These direct benefits more than offset the reduction in offspring fitness caused by intralocus sexual conflict, creating a net fitness benefit for each sex to pairing with a high-fitness partner. Our findings highlight the need to consider both direct and indirect effects when investigating the fitness impacts of mate choice. Direct fitness benefits may shelter sexually antagonistic alleles from selection, suggesting a novel mechanism for the maintenance of fitness variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pischedda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, 39762
| | - Adam K Chippindale
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Panagakis A, Hamel S, Côté SD. Influence of Early Reproductive Success on Longevity and Late Reproductive Success in an Alpine Ungulate. Am Nat 2017; 189:667-683. [PMID: 28514626 DOI: 10.1086/691388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The life-history theories of aging predict lifetime trade-offs between early reproductive allocation and late-life survival, reproduction, or both components of fitness. Recent studies in wild populations have found evidence for these early-late life trade-offs, but rarely have they been found across multiple traits while exploring the additional effects of variation in environmental conditions and individual quality. Benefiting from longitudinal data on adult female mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), we investigated the influence of age at first reproduction (AFR) and early reproductive success (ERS) on longevity, late reproductive success, and senescence rates while accounting for the influence of natal environmental conditions and individual quality. Contrary to predictions, we did not find evidence for early-late life trade-offs. Instead, an earlier AFR and a greater ERS had positive but weak direct effects on late reproductive success. Natal population density, however, was the strongest determinant of all life-history traits, having a direct negative effect on female longevity, late reproductive success, AFR, and ERS. Although natal density reduced the probability of annual reproduction and annual survival during adulthood, higher allocation to reproduction in early life and poorer natal conditions did not lead to accelerated rates of senescence during adulthood. The results of this investigation provide an integrated picture of early-late life trade-offs, underscoring the importance of accounting for environmental conditions because of their potentially strong implications for population dynamics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Festa-Bianchet M, Douhard M, Gaillard JM, Pelletier F. Successes and challenges of long-term field studies of marked ungulates. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
Hamel S, Gaillard JM, Yoccoz NG, Albon S, Côté SD, Craine JM, Festa-Bianchet M, Garel M, Lee P, Moss C, Nussey DH, Pelletier F, Stien A, Tveraa T. Cohort variation in individual body mass dissipates with age in large herbivores. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hamel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology; Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - J.-M. Gaillard
- CNRS, UMR 5558 “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; F-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - N. G. Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology; Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - S. Albon
- The James Hutton Institute; Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH United Kingdom
| | - S. D. Côté
- Département de biologie and Centre d’études nordiques; Université Laval; Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | | - M. Festa-Bianchet
- Département de biologie and Centre d’études nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - M. Garel
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Unité Faune de Montagne; 5 allée de Bethléem, Z.I. Mayencin 38610 Gières France
| | - P. Lee
- Behaviour and Evolution Research Group; School of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA United Kingdom
- Amboseli Trust for Elephants; P.O. Box 15135, Langata Nairobi 00509 Kenya
| | - C. Moss
- Amboseli Trust for Elephants; P.O. Box 15135, Langata Nairobi 00509 Kenya
| | - D. H. Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; The Kings Buildings, Ashworth Labs Charlotte Auerbach Road Edinburgh EH 3FL United Kingdom
| | - F. Pelletier
- Département de biologie and Centre d’études nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - A. Stien
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research; Fram Centre NO-9296 Tromsø Norway
| | - T. Tveraa
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research; Fram Centre NO-9296 Tromsø Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Festa‐Bianchet M. When does selective hunting select, how can we tell, and what should we do about it? Mamm Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Festa‐Bianchet
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mokkonen M, Koskela E, Mappes T, Mills SC. Evolutionary Conflict Between Maternal and Paternal Interests: Integration with Evolutionary Endocrinology. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:146-58. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Grieshop K, Stångberg J, Martinossi-Allibert I, Arnqvist G, Berger D. Strong sexual selection in males against a mutation load that reduces offspring production in seed beetles. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1201-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Stångberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - G. Arnqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - D. Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Collet JM, Fuentes S, Hesketh J, Hill MS, Innocenti P, Morrow EH, Fowler K, Reuter M. Rapid evolution of the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2016; 70:781-95. [PMID: 27077679 PMCID: PMC5069644 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual antagonism (SA) arises when male and female phenotypes are under opposing selection, yet genetically correlated. Until resolved, antagonism limits evolution toward optimal sex‐specific phenotypes. Despite its importance for sex‐specific adaptation and existing theory, the dynamics of SA resolution are not well understood empirically. Here, we present data from Drosophila melanogaster, compatible with a resolution of SA. We compared two independent replicates of the “LHM” population in which SA had previously been described. Both had been maintained under identical, controlled conditions, and separated for around 200 generations. Although heritabilities of male and female fitness were similar, the intersexual genetic correlation differed significantly, being negative in one replicate (indicating SA) but close to zero in the other. Using population sequencing, we show that phenotypic differences were associated with population divergence in allele frequencies at nonrandom loci across the genome. Large frequency changes were more prevalent in the population without SA and were enriched at loci mapping to genes previously shown to have sexually antagonistic relationships between expression and fitness. Our data suggest that rapid evolution toward SA resolution has occurred in one of the populations and open avenues toward studying the genetics of SA and its resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Collet
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Current Address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sara Fuentes
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Hesketh
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Hill
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Current Address: School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Fowler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Max Reuter
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Douhard M, Festa-Bianchet M, Coltman DW, Pelletier F. Paternal reproductive success drives sex allocation in a wild mammal. Evolution 2016; 70:358-68. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Douhard
- Département de biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Département de biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Contrasting effects of intralocus sexual conflict on sexually antagonistic coevolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E978-86. [PMID: 26755609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514328113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary conflict between the sexes can induce arms races in which males evolve traits that are detrimental to the fitness of their female partners, and vice versa. This interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC) has been proposed as a cause of perpetual intersexual antagonistic coevolution with wide-ranging evolutionary consequences. However, theory suggests that the scope for perpetual coevolution is limited, if traits involved in IRSC are subject to pleiotropic constraints. Here, we consider a biologically plausible form of pleiotropy that has hitherto been ignored in treatments of IRSC and arrive at drastically different conclusions. Our analysis is based on a quantitative genetic model of sexual conflict, in which genes controlling IRSC traits have side effects in the other sex, due to incompletely sex-limited gene expression. As a result, the genes are exposed to intralocus sexual conflict (IASC), a tug-of-war between opposing male- and female-specific selection pressures. We find that the interaction between the two forms of sexual conflict has contrasting effects on antagonistic coevolution: Pleiotropic constraints stabilize the dynamics of arms races if the mating traits are close to evolutionary equilibrium but can prevent populations from ever reaching such a state. Instead, the sexes are drawn into a continuous cycle of arms races, causing the buildup of IASC, alternated by phases of IASC resolution that trigger the next arms race. These results encourage an integrative perspective on the biology of sexual conflict and generally caution against relying exclusively on equilibrium stability analysis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Offspring sex in mountain goat varies with adult sex ratio but only for mothers in good condition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Godde S, Côté SD, Réale D. Female mountain goats, Oreamnos americanus , associate according to kinship and reproductive status. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Corlatti L, Gugiatti A, Imperio S. Horn growth patterns in Alpine chamois. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:213-9. [PMID: 25869383 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of horn growth may provide important information about the allocation of metabolic resources to secondary sexual traits. Depending on the selective advantages offered by horn size during intra- and inter-specific interactions, ungulates may show different investment in horn development, and growth variations within species may be influenced by several parameters, such as sex, age, or resource availability. We investigated the horn growth patterns in two hunted populations of Alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) in the Central Italian Alps. We tested the role of individual heterogeneity on the growth pattern and explored the variation in annulus length as a function of different factors (sex, age, hunting location, cohort). We then investigated the mechanisms underlying horn growth trajectories to test for the occurrence of compensatory or recovery growth and their potential differences between sexes and populations. Annulus length varied as a function of sex, age of individuals and, marginally, hunting location; no effect of cohort or individual heterogeneity was detected. Male and female chamois showed compensatory horn growth within the first 5½ years of life, though the partial convergence of horn trajectories in chamois suggests that this mechanisms would best be described as 'recovery growth'. Compensation rates were greater in males than in females, while only compensatory growth rates up to 2½ years of age were different in the two populations. Besides confirming the sex- and age-dependent pattern of horn development, our study suggests that the mechanism of recovery growth supports the hypothesis of horn size as a weakly selected sexual trait in male and female chamois. Furthermore, the greater compensation rates in horn growth shown by male chamois possibly suggest selective effects of hunting on age at first reproduction, while different compensation rates between populations may suggest the occurrence of some plasticity in resource allocation to sexual traits in relation to different environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Corlatti
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Imperio
- Parco Naturale Regionale dei Monti Simbruini, Via dei Prati 5, 00020 Jenne, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mokkonen M, Crespi BJ. Genomic conflicts and sexual antagonism in human health: insights from oxytocin and testosterone. Evol Appl 2015; 8:307-25. [PMID: 25926877 PMCID: PMC4408143 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the hypothesized and observed effects of two of the major forms of genomic conflicts, genomic imprinting and sexual antagonism, on human health. We focus on phenotypes mediated by peptide and steroid hormones (especially oxytocin and testosterone) because such hormones centrally mediate patterns of physical and behavioral resource allocation that underlie both forms of conflict. In early development, a suite of imprinted genes modulates the human oxytocinergic system as predicted from theory, with paternally inherited gene expression associated with higher oxytocin production, and increased solicitation to mothers by infants. This system is predicted to impact health through the incompatibility of paternal-gene and maternal-gene optima and increased vulnerability of imprinted gene systems to genetic and epigenetic changes. Early alterations to oxytocinergic systems have long-term negative impacts on human psychological health, especially through their effects on attachment and social behavior. In contrast to genomic imprinting, which generates maladaptation along an axis of mother–infant attachment, sexual antagonism is predicted from theory to generate maladaptation along an axis of sexual dimorphism, modulated by steroid and peptide hormones. We describe evidence of sexual antagonism from studies of humans and other animals, demonstrating that sexually antagonistic effects on sex-dimorphic phenotypes, including aspects of immunity, life history, psychology, and behavior, are commonly observed and lead to forms of maladaptation that are demonstrated, or expected, to impact human health. Recent epidemiological and psychiatric studies of schizophrenia in particular indicate that it is mediated, in part, by sexually antagonistic alleles. The primary implication of this review is that data collection focused on (i) effects of imprinted genes that modulate the oxytocin system, and (ii) effects of sexually antagonistic alleles on sex-dimorphic, disease-related phenotypes will lead to novel insights into both human health and the evolutionary dynamics of genomic conflicts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Mokkonen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada ; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wedell N, Price TAR. Selfish Genetic Elements and Sexual Selection. CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL SELECTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9585-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Berger D, Berg EC, Widegren W, Arnqvist G, Maklakov AA. Multivariate intralocus sexual conflict in seed beetles. Evolution 2014; 68:3457-69. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Berger
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Elena C. Berg
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Computer Science; Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - William Widegren
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexei A. Maklakov
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that genetic constraints should be widespread, but empirical support for their existence is surprisingly rare. Commonly applied univariate and bivariate approaches to detecting genetic constraints can underestimate their prevalence, with important aspects potentially tractable only within a multivariate framework. However, multivariate genetic analyses of data from natural populations are challenging because of modest sample sizes, incomplete pedigrees, and missing data. Here we present results from a study of a comprehensive set of life history traits (juvenile survival, age at first breeding, annual fecundity, and longevity) for both males and females in a wild, pedigreed, population of red deer (Cervus elaphus). We use factor analytic modeling of the genetic variance–covariance matrix (G) to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and take a multivariate approach to estimating genetic constraints. We consider a range of metrics designed to assess the effect of G on the deflection of a predicted response to selection away from the direction of fastest adaptation and on the evolvability of the traits. We found limited support for genetic constraint through genetic covariances between traits, both within sex and between sexes. We discuss these results with respect to other recent findings and to the problems of estimating these parameters for natural populations.
Collapse
|
45
|
Melnycky NA, Weladji RB, Holand Ø, Nieminen M. Scaling of antler size in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): sexual dimorphism and variability in resource allocation. J Mammal 2013. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-282.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
46
|
Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F, Jorgenson JT, Feder C, Hubbs A. Decrease in horn size and increase in age of trophy sheep in Alberta over 37 years. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Festa-Bianchet
- Département de biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie and Centre d'Études Nordiques; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Jon T. Jorgenson
- Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; Suite 201 800 Railway Avenue Canmore Alberta Canada T1W 1P1
| | - Chiarastella Feder
- Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; Fish and Wildlife Division; 4919-51st Street Rocky Mountain House AB Canada T4T 1B3
| | - Anne Hubbs
- Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; Fish and Wildlife Division; 4919-51st Street Rocky Mountain House AB Canada T4T 1B3
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Griffin RM, Dean R, Grace JL, Rydén P, Friberg U. The shared genome is a pervasive constraint on the evolution of sex-biased gene expression. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 30:2168-76. [PMID: 23813981 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Males and females share most of their genomes, and differences between the sexes can therefore not evolve through sequence divergence in protein coding genes. Sexual dimorphism is instead restricted to occur through sex-specific expression and splicing of gene products. Evolution of sexual dimorphism through these mechanisms should, however, also be constrained when the sexes share the genetic architecture for regulation of gene expression. Despite these obstacles, sexual dimorphism is prevalent in the animal kingdom and commonly evolves rapidly. Here, we ask whether the genetic architecture of gene expression is plastic and easily molded by sex-specific selection, or if sexual dimorphism evolves rapidly despite pervasive genetic constraint. To address this question, we explore the relationship between the intersexual genetic correlation for gene expression (rMF), which captures how independently genes are regulated in the sexes, and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression. Using transcriptome data from Drosophila melanogaster, we find that most genes have a high rMF and that genes currently exposed to sexually antagonistic selection have a higher average rMF than other genes. We further show that genes with a high rMF have less pronounced sex-biased gene expression than genes with a low rMF within D. melanogaster and that the strength of the rMF in D. melanogaster predicts the degree to which the sex bias of a gene's expression has changed between D. melanogaster and six other species in the Drosophila genus. In sum, our results show that a shared genome constrains both short- and long-term evolution of sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Griffin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maklakov AA, Lummaa V. Evolution of sex differences in lifespan and aging: Causes and constraints. Bioessays 2013; 35:717-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A. Maklakov
- Ageing Research Group, Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pennell TM, Morrow EH. Two sexes, one genome: the evolutionary dynamics of intralocus sexual conflict. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1819-34. [PMID: 23789088 PMCID: PMC3686212 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the evolutionary interests of males and females are frequently divergent, a trait value that is optimal for the fitness of one sex is often not optimal for the other. A shared genome also means that the same genes may underlie the same trait in both sexes. This can give rise to a form of sexual antagonism, known as intralocus sexual conflict (IASC). Here, a tug-of-war over allelic expression can occur, preventing the sexes from reaching optimal trait values, thereby causing sex-specific reductions in fitness. For some traits, it appears that IASC can be resolved via sex-specific regulation of genes that subsequently permits sexual dimorphism; however, it seems that whole-genome resolution may be impossible, due to the genetic architecture of certain traits, and possibly due to the changing dynamics of selection. In this review, we explore the evolutionary mechanisms of, and barriers to, IASC resolution. We also address the broader consequences of this evolutionary feud, the possible interactions between intra- and interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC: a form of sexual antagonism involving different loci in each sex), and draw attention to issues that arise from using proxies as measurements of conflict. In particular, it is clear that the sex-specific fitness consequences of sexual dimorphism require characterization before making assumptions concerning how this relates to IASC. Although empirical data have shown consistent evidence of the fitness effects of IASC, it is essential that we identify the alleles mediating these effects in order to show IASC in its true sense, which is a “conflict over shared genes.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Pennell
- Evolution, Behaviour and Environment Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martin AM, Presseault-Gauvin H, Festa-Bianchet M, Pelletier F. Male mating competitiveness and age-dependent relationship between testosterone and social rank in bighorn sheep. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|