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Ongaratto S, Pinto K, Manica-Berto R, da Silva Gonçalves R, Nörnberg SD, Bernardi D, Nava DE. Different Protein Sources of Larval Diet on the Rearing of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae): Biological and Nutritional Analyses. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:1031-1044. [PMID: 39141218 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered an important pest in Neotropical countries. The laboratory rearing of this species should reproduce conditions in nature; thus, special attention is required to the nutritional quality of diets for larval development. Protein components (wheat germ) are costly and account for most production costs in lab insect rearing. In this sense, this work aimed to identify ingredients to replace wheat germ, without compromising diet quality for the lab rearing of A. fraterculus. We tested diets composed of whole rice flour, corn flour, and a mixture of whole wheat flour + soybean flour as substitutes for wheat germ as well as a raw wheat germ diet, considered the control. The protein sources used in the larval diet influenced the biological performance of both the larval and adult stages of A. fraterculus during six generations. The diet containing corn flour and wheat germ showed similar results in the different developmental parameters. The diet with rice flour also provided adequate biological development for A. fraterculus throughout its life cycle and was nutritionally similar to the control. As it is local product, rice flour can replace wheat germ (costly imported product) in artificial diets for A. fraterculus, reducing production costs by roughly 30% without compromising the biological and nutritional parameters of the insects. Faced with this, the rice flour can be considered suitable for the mass rearing of A. fraterculus in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Pinto
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Dori Edson Nava
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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2
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Li C, Rusch TW, Dickerson AJ, Tarone AM, Tomberlin JK. Larval diet impacts black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39099549 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems. In this study, the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes was examined. Larvae were fed either a low-protein high-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P7C35), a high-protein low-carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P35C7), or the Gainesville diet (i.e., C) as a control and reference. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific. The mean heat knockdown temperatures (HKT) ranged between 46.6 and 47.9 °C. Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae (e.g., ∼1 °C) to adults (e.g., ∼0.2 °C). The mean chill-coma recovery time (CCRT) ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min. Not much differences were detected between diets, but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults. The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5 °C. Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet. A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex. Differences on body mass, lipid, and protein contents were detected among diets; however, more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits. These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies. Conversely, specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Travis W Rusch
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
- USDA-ARS, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Amy J Dickerson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Aaron M Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
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3
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Hardison EA, Eliason EJ. Diet effects on ectotherm thermal performance. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1537-1555. [PMID: 38616524 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The environment is changing rapidly, and considerable research is aimed at understanding the capacity of organisms to respond. Changes in environmental temperature are particularly concerning as most animals are ectothermic, with temperature considered a key factor governing their ecology, biogeography, behaviour and physiology. The ability of ectotherms to persist in an increasingly warm, variable, and unpredictable future will depend on their nutritional status. Nutritional resources (e.g. food availability, quality, options) vary across space and time and in response to environmental change, but animals also have the capacity to alter how much they eat and what they eat, which may help them improve their performance under climate change. In this review, we discuss the state of knowledge in the intersection between animal nutrition and temperature. We take a mechanistic approach to describe nutrients (i.e. broad macronutrients, specific lipids, and micronutrients) that may impact thermal performance and discuss what is currently known about their role in ectotherm thermal plasticity, thermoregulatory behaviour, diet preference, and thermal tolerance. We finish by describing how this topic can inform ectotherm biogeography, behaviour, and aquaculture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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4
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Parker AL, Kingsolver JG. Population divergence in nutrient-temperature interactions in Pieris rapae. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1237624. [PMID: 38469516 PMCID: PMC10926554 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1237624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between larval host plant quality and temperature can influence the short-term physiological rates and life-history traits of insect herbivores. These factors can vary locally, resulting in local adaptation in responses to diet and temperature, but the comparison of these interactions between populations is infrequently carried out. In this study, we examine how the macronutrient ratio of an artificial diet determines the larval growth, development, and survival of larval Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) at different temperatures between two invasive North American populations from different climatic regions. We conducted a fully factorial experiment with three temperature treatments (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and three artificial diet treatments varying in terms of the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (low protein, balanced, and high protein). The effects of diet on life-history traits were greater at lower temperatures, but these differed between populations. Larvae from the subtropical population had reduced survival to pupation on the low-protein diet in the cold temperature treatment, whereas larval survival for the temperate population was equally high for all temperature and diet treatments. Overall, both populations performed more poorly (i.e., they showed slower rates of consumption, growth, and development, and had a smaller pupal mass) in the diet with the low protein ratio, but larvae from the temperate population were less sensitive to diet ratio changes at all temperatures. Our results confirm that the physiological and life-history consequences of imbalanced nutrition for insect herbivores may depend on developmental temperatures, and that different geographic populations of P. rapae within North America vary in their sensitivity to nutritional balance and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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5
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Parker AL, Albright A, Kingsolver JG, Legault G. Predicting age and mass at maturity from feeding behavior and diet in Manduca sexta: An empirical test of a life history model. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9848. [PMID: 36844672 PMCID: PMC9944182 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding for most animals involves bouts of active ingestion alternating with bouts of no ingestion. In insects, the temporal patterning of bouts varies widely with resource quality and is known to affect growth, development time, and fitness. However, the precise impacts of resource quality and feeding behavior on insect life history traits are poorly understood. To explore and better understand the connections between feeding behavior, resource quality, and insect life history traits, we combined laboratory experiments with a recently proposed mechanistic model of insect growth and development for a larval herbivore, Manduca sexta. We ran feeding trials for 4th and 5th instar larvae across different diet types (two hostplants and artificial diet) and used these data to parameterize a joint model of age and mass at maturity that incorporates both insect feeding behavior and hormonal activity. We found that the estimated durations of both feeding and nonfeeding bouts were significantly shorter on low-quality than on high-quality diets. We then explored how well the fitted model predicted historical out-of-sample data on age and mass of M. sexta. We found that the model accurately described qualitative outcomes for the out-of-sample data, notably that a low-quality diet results in reduced mass and later age at maturity compared with high-quality diets. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of diet quality on multiple components of insect feeding behavior (feeding and nonfeeding) and partially validate a joint model of insect life history. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to insect herbivory and discuss ways in which our model could be improved or extended to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Parker
- University of North Carolina – Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anna Albright
- University of North Carolina – Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Geoffrey Legault
- University of North Carolina – Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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6
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Youngblood JP, Cease AJ, Talal S, Copa F, Medina HE, Rojas JE, Trumper EV, Angilletta MJ, Harrison JF. Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianne J. Cease
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Stav Talal
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Fernando Copa
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | | | - Julio E. Rojas
- Departamento de Campañas Fitosanitarios Dirección de Protección Vegetal, SENAVE Paraguay
| | | | | | - Jon F. Harrison
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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7
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Huisamen EJ, Colinet H, Karsten M, Terblanche JS. Dietary salt supplementation adversely affects thermal acclimation responses of flight ability in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 140:104403. [PMID: 35667397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cold acclimation may enhance low temperature flight ability, and salt loading can alter an insects' cold tolerance by affecting their ability to maintain ion balance in the cold. Presently however, it remains unclear if dietary salt impacts thermal acclimation of flight ability in insects. Here, we examined the effect of a combination of dietary salt loading (either NaCl or KCl) and low temperature exposure on the flight ability of Drosophila melanogaster at low (15 °C) and benign (optimal, 22 °C) temperatures. Additionally, we determined whether dietary salt supplementation translates into increased K+ and Na+ levels in the bodies of D. melanogaster. Lastly, we determined whether salt supplementation impacts body mass and wing morphology, to ascertain whether any changes in flight ability were potentially driven by flight-related morphometric variation. In control flies, we find that cold acclimation enhances low temperature flight ability over non-acclimated flies confirming the beneficial acclimation hypothesis. By contrast, flies supplemented with KCl that were cold acclimated and tested at a cold temperature had the lowest flight ability, suggesting that excess dietary KCl during development negates the beneficial cold acclimation process that would have otherwise taken place. Overall, the NaCl-supplemented flies and the control group had the greatest flight ability, whilst those fed a KCl-supplemented diet had the lowest. Dietary salt supplementation translated into increased Na+ and K+ concentration in the body tissues of flies, confirming that dietary shifts are reflected in changes in body composition and are not simply regulated out of the body by homeostasis over the course of development. Flies fed with a KCl-supplemented diet tended to be larger with larger wings, whilst those reared on the control or NaCl-supplemented diet were smaller with smaller wings. Additionally, the flies with greater flight ability tended to be smaller and have lower wing loading. In conclusion, dietary salts affected wing morphology as well as ion balance, and dietary KCl seemed to have a detrimental effect on cold acclimation responses of flight ability in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Huisamen
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, F 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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8
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Treidel LA, Huebner C, Roberts KT, Williams CM. Life history strategy dictates thermal preferences across the diel cycle and in response to starvation in variable field crickets, Gryllus lineaticeps. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100038. [PMID: 36003265 PMCID: PMC9387437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diel thermal preferences are higher in fully fed long- vs. short-wing crickets Starvation decreases thermal preference more in long- vs. short-wing crickets Thermal preference differences associated with life history are context dependent
Insects behaviorally thermoregulate across the diel cycle, and their preferred microhabitats change based on current resources available and the thermal performance optima of traits. Specific combinations of traits being prioritized are set by life history strategies, making life history an important intrinsic determinant of thermal preferences. However, we do not know how life history strategies shape plasticity of behavioral thermoregulation, limiting our ability to predict responses to environmental variability. We compared female variable field crickets (Gryllus lineaticeps) that are flight-capable (long-winged) and flightless (short-winged) to test the hypothesis that life history strategy determines plasticity of thermal preferences across the diel cycle and following starvation. Thermal preferences were elevated during the nocturnal activity period, and long-winged crickets preferred warmer temperatures compared to short-winged crickets across the diel cycle when fully fed. However, thermal preferences of starved crickets were reduced compared to fed crickets. The reduction in thermal preferences was greater in long-winged crickets, resulting in similar thermal preferences between starved long- and short-winged individuals and reflecting a more plastic response. Thus, life history does determine plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors following resource limitations and effects of life history on thermal preferences are context dependent.
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9
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Capobianco JN, Pietrantuono AL, Aparicio AG, Fernández‐Arhex V. Host plant choice and effect of temperature on feeding behaviour of
Perzelia arda
(Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), a leaf‐tying larva, on Nothofagaceae from the Andean Patagonian forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Nahuel Capobianco
- Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 San Carlos de Bariloche 8400 Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Pietrantuono
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
| | - Alejandro Gabriel Aparicio
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
| | - Valeria Fernández‐Arhex
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
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10
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Maeno KO, Piou C, Kearney MR, Ould Ely S, Ould Mohamed S, Jaavar MEH, Ould Babah Ebbe MA. A general model of the thermal constraints on the world's most destructive locust, Schistocerca gregaria. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02310. [PMID: 33605475 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All terrestrial ectotherms are constrained to some degree by their thermal environment and the extent to which they can behaviorally buffer variable thermal conditions. New biophysical modeling methods (NicheMapR) allow the calculation of the body temperature of thermoregulating animals anywhere in the world from first principles, but require detailed observational data for parameterization and testing. Here we describe the thermoregulatory biology of marching bands of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania where extreme heat and strong diurnal fluctuations are a major constraint on activity and physiological processes. Using a thermal infrared camera in the field, we showed that gregarious nymphs altered the microhabitats they used, as well as postural thermoregulatory behaviors, to maintain relatively high body temperature (nearly 40°C). Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that the preferred body temperature accelerated digestive rates. Migratory bands frequently left foraging sites with full guts before consuming all vegetation and moved to another habitat before emptying their foregut. Thus, the repertoire for behavioral thermoregulation in the desert locust strongly facilitates foraging and digestion rates, which may accelerate developmental rates and increase survival. We used our data to successfully parameterize a general biophysical model of thermoregulatory behavior that could capture hourly body temperature and activity at our remote site using globally available environmental forcing data. This modeling approach provides a stronger basis for forecasting thermal constraints on locust outbreaks under current and future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Ould Maeno
- Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
- The Mauritanian National Desert Locust Centre: Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne (CNLA), Nouakchott, BP: 665, Mauritania
| | - Cyril Piou
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael R Kearney
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Sidi Ould Ely
- The Mauritanian National Desert Locust Centre: Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne (CNLA), Nouakchott, BP: 665, Mauritania
- Direction of Agriculture, Ministry of Rural Development, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Sid'Ahmed Ould Mohamed
- The Mauritanian National Desert Locust Centre: Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne (CNLA), Nouakchott, BP: 665, Mauritania
| | - Mohamed El Hacen Jaavar
- The Mauritanian National Desert Locust Centre: Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne (CNLA), Nouakchott, BP: 665, Mauritania
| | - Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah Ebbe
- The Mauritanian National Desert Locust Centre: Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne (CNLA), Nouakchott, BP: 665, Mauritania
- Institut du Sahel (INSAH)/CILSS, BP 1530, Bamako, Mali
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11
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Sun B, Huebner C, Treidel LA, Clark RM, Roberts KT, Kenagy GJ, Williams CM. Nocturnal dispersal flight of crickets: Behavioural and physiological responses to cool environmental temperatures. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Lisa A. Treidel
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Rebecca M. Clark
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
- Biology Department Siena College Loudonville NY USA
| | - Kevin T. Roberts
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - G. J. Kenagy
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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12
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Ruiz T, Koussoroplis A, Danger M, Aguer J, Morel‐Desrosiers N, Bec A. U‐shaped response Unifies views on temperature dependency of stoichiometric requirements. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:860-869. [PMID: 32212238 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | | | - Jean‐Pierre Aguer
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
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13
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Merivee E, Must A, Nurme K, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Williams I, Mänd M. Neural Code for Ambient Heat Detection in Elaterid Beetles. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32116586 PMCID: PMC7016213 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental thermal conditions play a major role at all levels of biological organization; however, there is little information on noxious high temperature sensation crucial in behavioral thermoregulation and survival of small ectothermic animals such as insects. So far, a capability to unambiguously encode heat has been demonstrated only for the sensory triad of the spike bursting thermo- and two bimodal hygro-thermoreceptor neurons located in the antennal dome-shaped sensilla (DSS) in a carabid beetle. We used extracellular single sensillum recording in the range of 20-45°C to demonstrate that a similar sensory triad in the elaterid Agriotes obscurus also produces high temperature-induced bursty spike trains. Several parameters of the bursts are temperature dependent, allowing the neurons in a certain order to encode different, but partly overlapping ranges of heat up to lethal levels in a graded manner. ISI in a burst is the most useful parameter out of six. Our findings consider spike bursting as a general, fundamental quality of the classical sensory triad of antennal thermo- and hygro-thermoreceptor neurons widespread in many insect groups, being a flexible and reliable mode of coding unfavorably high temperatures. The possible involvement of spike bursting in behavioral thermoregulation of the beetles is discussed. By contrast, the mean firing rate of the neurons in regular and bursty spike trains combined does not carry useful thermal information at the high end of noxious heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Merivee
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Must
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Nurme
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Williams
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Mortensen A, Johansen RB, Hansen ØJ, Puvanendran V. Temperature preference of juvenile lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) originating from the southern and northern parts of Norway. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102562. [PMID: 32364994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish are ectothermic animals and have body temperatures close to that of the water they inhabit. They can still control their body temperatures by selecting habitats with temperatures that maximize their growth, feed conversion and wellbeing. Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, is widely distributed in the North Atlantic Ocean and therefore exposed to variable water temperatures. Lumpfish is extensively used as cleanerfish in salmon farming in Norway and exposed to a wide temperature range along the north-south axis of the Norwegian coastline. But, if these temperature ranges correspond to the preference temperatures of lumpfish is not known. If lumpfish has adapted to regional temperatures along the Norwegian coast, differences in preference temperature for fish from different regions should be evident. In a selective breeding perspective, different selection lines for preference temperature would then be useful for further development of lumpfish as a cleanerfish. We subjected lumpfish juveniles weighing 154-426g originated from northern (Group North - GN) and southern (Group South - GS) Norway to a temperature preference test, using an electronic shuttle box system. The system allowed the fish to control the water temperature by moving between two chambers, and thereby choosing its preferred temperature in the range from 5 to 16 °C. We started the temperature at 7.8 ± 1.37 °C for GN and 7.58 ± 1.34 °C for GS, but all the fish except four (two each from GN and GS) chose lower temperatures (5.03-7.6 °C) in the first 18 h and stayed closer to that temperature during the next 30 h. Based on the results, GN and GS lumpfish preferred 6.92 ± 1.8 and 6.2 ± 1.2, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the groups. Neither was there any significant difference in growth rates (SGR) between the two groups. Based on our results, we suggest that lumpfish from any geographical origin along the Norwegian coast can be used anywhere in Norway. It follows that lumpfish from a single selection line could be used at any salmon farm in Norway independent of its location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atle Mortensen
- Nofima AS, Muninbakken 13, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Center for Marine Aquaculture, Salarøyvegen 979, 9103, Kvaløya, Norway.
| | | | - Øyvind J Hansen
- Nofima AS, Muninbakken 13, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Center for Marine Aquaculture, Salarøyvegen 979, 9103, Kvaløya, Norway.
| | - Velmurugu Puvanendran
- Nofima AS, Muninbakken 13, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Center for Marine Aquaculture, Salarøyvegen 979, 9103, Kvaløya, Norway.
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15
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Timpone LT, Gavira RSB, Andrade DV. Effects of temperature and meal size on the postprandial metabolic response ofLeptodactylus latrans(Anura, Leptodactylidae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 333:79-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luá T. Timpone
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. B. Gavira
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé; UMR7372 - CNRS/University of La Rochelle; Villiers-en-Bois Deux-Sèvres France
| | - Denis V. Andrade
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
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16
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MacLean HJ, Overgaard J, Kristensen TN, Lyster C, Hessner L, Olsvig E, Sørensen JG. Temperature preference across life stages and acclimation temperatures investigated in four species of Drosophila. J Therm Biol 2019; 86:102428. [PMID: 31789224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms can use microclimatic variation and behavioral thermoregulation to cope with unfavorable environmental temperatures. However, relatively little is known about how and if thermoregulatory behavior is used across life stages in small ectothermic insects. Here we investigate differences between three specialized Drosophila species from temperate, tropical or desert habitats and one cosmopolitan species by estimating the preferred temperature (Tpref) and the breadth (Tbreadth) of the distribution of adults, adult egg-laying, and larvae in thermal gradients. We also assess the plasticity of thermal preference following developmental acclimation to three constant temperatures. For egg-laying and larvae, we observe significant species differences in preferred temperature but this is not predicted by thermal ecology of the species. We corroborated this with previous studies of other Drosophila species and found that Tpref for egg laying and larvae have no relationship with annual mean temperature of the species' natural habitat. While adults have the greatest mobility, they show the greater variation in preference compared to juveniles contradicting common assumptions. We found evidence of developmental thermal acclimation in adult egg-laying preferred temperature, Tpref increasing with acclimation temperature, and in the breadth of the temperature preference distributions, Tbreadth decreasing with increasing acclimation temperature. Together, these data provide a high resolution and comprehensive look at temperature preferences across life stages and in response to acclimation. Results suggest that thermal preference, particularly in the early life stages, is relatively conserved among species and unrelated to temperature at species origin. Measuring thermal preference, in addition to thermal performance, is essential for understanding how species have adapted/will adapt to their thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J MacLean
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torsten N Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Catrine Lyster
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Leander Hessner
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esajas Olsvig
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Department for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Ørskov CK, Tregenza T, Overgaard J. Using radiotelemetry to study behavioural thermoregulation in insects under field conditions. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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18
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Bayley JS, Klepke MJ, Pedersen TH, Overgaard J. Cold acclimation modulates voltage gated Ca 2+ channel currents and fiber excitability in skeletal muscles of Locusta migratoria. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 114:116-124. [PMID: 30879976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cold exposure is known to induce stressful imbalances in chill susceptible insects, including loss of hemolymph water, hyperkalemia and cell depolarization. Cold induced depolarization induces uncontrolled Ca2+ influx and accumulation of injury through necrosis/apoptosis. Conversely cold induced Ca2+ influx has been shown to induce rapid cold hardening and therefore also play a role to reduce cold injury. Cold acclimation is known to reduce cold injury in insects and due to the involvement of depolarization and Ca2+ in the pathophysiology of hypothermia, we hypothesized that cold acclimation modulates voltage gated Ca2+ channels and fiber excitability. Using intracellular electrodes or force transducers, we measured the Ca2+ currents, fiber excitability and muscle contractility in warm (31 °C) and cold (11 °C) acclimated locusts. Experiments were performed under conditions ranging from mild conditions where the membrane potential is well regulated to stressful conditions, where the membrane potential is very depolarized and the tissue is at risk of accumulating injury. These experiments found that cold acclimation modulates Ca2+ currents and fiber excitability in a manner that depends on the cold exposure. Thus, under mild conditions, Ca2+ currents and fiber excitability was increased whilst muscle contractility was unaffected by cold acclimation. Conversely, fiber excitability and muscle contractility was decreased under stressful conditions. Further work is required to fully understand the adaptive effects of these modulations. However, we propose a model which reconciles the dualistic role of the Ca2+ ion in cold exposure and cold acclimation. Thus, increased Ca2+ currents at mild temperatures could help to enhance cold sensing capacity whereas reduced fiber excitability under stressful conditions could help to reduce catastrophic Ca2+ influx during periods of severe cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Seamus Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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19
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Weldon CW, Mnguni S, Démares F, du Rand EE, Malod K, Manrakhan A, Nicolson SW. Adult diet does not compensate for impact of a poor larval diet on stress resistance in a tephritid fruit fly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.192534. [PMID: 30819722 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.192534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult holometabolous insects may derive metabolic resources from either larval or adult feeding, but little is known of whether adult diets can compensate for deficiencies in the larval diet in terms of stress resistance. We investigated how stress resistance is affected and compensated for by diet across life stages in the marula fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae). Larvae were fed diets containing either 8% torula yeast, the standard diet used to rear this species, or 1% yeast (low protein content similar to known host fruit). At emergence, adults from each larval diet were tested for initial mass, water content, body composition, and desiccation and starvation resistance or they were allocated to one of two adult diet treatments: sucrose only, or sucrose and yeast hydrolysate. The same assays were then repeated after 10 days of adult feeding. Development on a low protein larval diet led to lower body mass and improved desiccation and starvation resistance in newly emerged adults, even though adults from the high protein larval diet had the highest water content. Adult feeding decreased desiccation or starvation resistance, regardless of the diet provided. Irrespective of larval diet history, newly emerged, unfed adults had significantly higher dehydration tolerance than those that were fed. Lipid reserves played a role in starvation resistance. There was no evidence for metabolic water from stored nutrients extending desiccation resistance. Our findings show the possibility of a nutrient-poor larval environment leading to correlated improvement in adult performance, at least in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Sandiso Mnguni
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Fabien Démares
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Esther E du Rand
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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20
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Plasman M, McCue MD, Reynoso VH, Terblanche JS, Clusella-Trullas S. Environmental temperature alters the overall digestive energetics and differentially affects dietary protein and lipid use in a lizard. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:222/6/jeb194480. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Processing food (e.g. ingestion, digestion, assimilation) requires energy referred to as specific dynamic action (SDA) and is at least partially fuelled by oxidation of the nutrients (e.g. proteins and lipids) within the recently ingested meal. In ectotherms, environmental temperature can affect the magnitude and/or duration of the SDA, but is likely to also alter the mixture of nutrients that are oxidized to cover these costs. Here, we examined metabolic rate, gut passage time, assimilation efficiency and fuel use in the lizard Agama atra digesting cricket meals at three ecologically relevant temperatures (20, 25 and 32°C). Crickets were isotopically enriched with 13C-leucine or 13C-palmitic-acid tracers to distinguish between protein and lipid oxidation, respectively. Our results show that higher temperatures increased the magnitude of the SDA peak (by 318% between 32 and 20°C) and gut passage rate (63%), and decreased the duration of the SDA response (by 20% for males and 48% for females). Peak rate of dietary protein oxidation occurred sooner than peak lipid oxidation at all temperatures (70, 60 and 31 h earlier for 20, 25 and 32°C, respectively). Assimilation efficiency of proteins, but not lipids, was positively related to temperature. Interestingly, the SDA response exhibited a notable circadian rhythm. These results show that temperature has a pronounced effect on digestive energetics in A. atra, and that this effect differs between nutrient classes. Variation in environmental temperatures may thus alter the energy budget and nutrient reserves of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Plasman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | | | - Víctor Hugo Reynoso
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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21
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Angilletta MJ, Youngblood JP, Neel LK, VandenBrooks JM. The neuroscience of adaptive thermoregulation. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Nay TJ, Gervais CR, Hoey AS, Johansen JL, Steffensen JF, Rummer JL. The emergence emergency: A mudskipper's response to temperatures. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:65-72. [PMID: 30509669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature has a profound effect on all life and a particularly influential effect on ectotherms, such as fishes. Amphibious fishes have a variety of strategies, both physiological and/or behavioural, to cope with a broad range of thermal conditions. This study examined the relationship between prolonged (5 weeks) exposure to a range of temperatures (22, 25, 28, or 32 °C) on oxygen uptake rate and movement behaviours (i.e., thermoregulation and emergence) in a common amphibious fish, the barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilneatuis). At the highest temperature examined (32 °C, approximately 5 °C above their summer average temperatures), barred mudskippers exhibited 33.7-97.7% greater oxygen uptake rates at rest (ṀO2Rest), emerged at a higher temperature (CTe; i.e., a modified critical thermal maxima (CTMax) methodology) of 41.3 ± 0.3 °C relative to those maintained at 28, 25, or 22 °C. The 32 °C-maintained fish also ceased movement activity at the highest holding temperature suggesting that prolonged submergence at elevated temperatures is physiologically and energetically stressful to the individual. Using exhaustive exercise protocols with and without air exposure to simulate a predatory chase, the time to recovery was examined for all individuals. When submerged, mudskippers required 2.5x longer recovery time to return to resting oxygen uptake from exhaustive exercise than those fully emerged in air. Oxygen uptake data revealed that air exposure did not accrue oxygen debt, thereby allowing faster return to resting oxygen consumption rates. If the option to emerge was not available, mudskippers preferentially sought more benign water temperatures (26.7 ± 2.1 °C), resembling those experienced by these fish during the Austral autumn, regardless of prolonged exposure higher or lower temperatures. These results add to our understanding of the strategies that amphibious fishes may use to mitigate extra costs associated with living in warm waters, and could be the key to understanding how such species will cope with increasing temperatures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Nay
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Connor R Gervais
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- Department of Biology, New York University-Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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23
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Sangbaramou R, Camara I, Huang XZ, Shen J, Tan SQ, Shi WP. Behavioral thermoregulation in Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in response to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206816. [PMID: 30485309 PMCID: PMC6261545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects such as locusts and grasshoppers can reduce the effectiveness of pathogens and parasites by adopting different defense strategies. We investigated the behavioral thermopreference of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) induced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, and the impact this behavior had on the fungal mycosis under laboratory conditions. By basking in higher temperature locations, infected nymphs elevated their thoracic temperature to 30-32.6 °C, which is higher than the optimum temperature (25°C) for B. bassiana conidial germination and hyphal development. A minimum thermoregulation period of 3 h/day increased survival of infected locusts by 43.34%. The therapeutic effect decreased when thermoregulation was delayed after initial infection. The fungus grew and overcame the locusts as soon as the thermoregulation was interrupted, indicating that thermoregulation helped the insects to cope with infection but did not completely rid them of the fungus. A significant enhancement in the number of haemocytes was observed in infected thermoregulating locusts, reaching levels that were even higher than those observed in the controls. In contrast, haemocyte concentration was severely reduced in infected insects that did not thermoregulate. In infected non-thermoregulating locusts, the reduction in haemocyte number was accompanied by an increase in fungal blastospore concentration that was obvious in the haemolymph by day four. In contrast, no circulating blastospores were found in the haemolymph of infected thermoregulating locusts three days post-inoculation. We also examined the phagocytic activity of infected insects in vivo by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled silica beads. The proportion of beads that was engulfed by haemocytes in infected, thermoregulating insects was similar to that in the controls throughout the experiment, whereas the rate of phagocytosis in infected, non-thermoregulating insects progressively decreased after infection. These findings demonstrated that behavioural thermoregulation can adversely affect B. bassiana mycosis in infected L. migratoria manilensis, thereby limiting the development of lethal entomopathogenic fungi in locusts. This is apparently accomplished through an increase in the levels of haemocytes, leading to greater phagocytic activity under certain environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouguiatou Sangbaramou
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahima Camara
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-zheng Huang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-qian Tan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang-peng Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Van BERKEL J, CLUSELLA-TRULLAS S. Behavioral thermoregulation is highly repeatable and unaffected by digestive status inAgama atra. Integr Zool 2018; 13:482-493. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Van BERKEL
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
| | - Susana CLUSELLA-TRULLAS
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
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25
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Haupt TM, Sinclair BJ, Chown SL. Thermal preference and performance in a sub-Antarctic caterpillar: A test of the coadaptation hypothesis and its alternatives. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:108-116. [PMID: 28034677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological ecologists have long assumed that thermoregulatory behaviour will evolve to optimise physiological performance. The coadaptation hypothesis predicts that an animal's preferred body temperature will correspond to the temperature at which its performance is optimal. Here we use a strong inference approach to examine the relationship between thermal preference and locomotor performance in the caterpillars of a wingless sub-Antarctic moth, Pringleophaga marioni Viette (Tineidae). The coadaptation hypothesis and its alternatives (suboptimal is optimal, thermodynamic effect, trait variation) are tested. Compared to the optimal movement temperature (22.5°C for field-fresh caterpillars and 25, 20, 22.5, 25 and 20°C following seven day acclimations to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 5-15°C respectively), caterpillar thermal preference was significantly lower (9.2°C for field-fresh individuals and 9.4, 8.8, 8.1, 5.2 and 4.6°C following acclimation to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 5-15°C, respectively). Together with the low degree of asymmetry observed in the performance curves, and the finding that acclimation to high temperatures did not result in maximal performance, all, but one of the above hypotheses (i.e. 'trait variation') was rejected. The thermal preference of P. marioni caterpillars more closely resembles temperatures at which survival is high (5-10°C), or where feeding is optimal (10°C), than where locomotion speed is maximal, suggesting that thermal preference may be optimised for overall fitness rather than for a given trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Haupt
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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26
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The behavioural consequences of translocation: how do invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) respond to transport and release to novel environments? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Abram PK, Boivin G, Moiroux J, Brodeur J. Behavioural effects of temperature on ectothermic animals: unifying thermal physiology and behavioural plasticity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1859-1876. [PMID: 28980433 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature imposes significant constraints on ectothermic animals, and these organisms have evolved numerous adaptations to respond to these constraints. While the impacts of temperature on the physiology of ectotherms have been extensively studied, there are currently no frameworks available that outline the multiple and often simultaneous pathways by which temperature can affect behaviour. Drawing from the literature on insects, we propose a unified framework that should apply to all ectothermic animals, generalizing temperature's behavioural effects into: (1) kinetic effects, resulting from temperature's bottom-up constraining influence on metabolism and neurophysiology over a range of timescales (from short to long term), and (2) integrated effects, where the top-down integration of thermal information intentionally initiates or modifies a behaviour (behavioural thermoregulation, thermal orientation, thermosensory behavioural adjustments). We discuss the difficulty in distinguishing adaptive behavioural changes from constraints when observing animals' behavioural responses to temperature. We then propose two complementary approaches to distinguish adaptations from constraints, and categorize behaviours according to our framework: (i) 'kinetic null modelling' of temperature's effects on behaviour; and (ii) behavioural ecology experiments using temperature-insensitive mutants. Our framework should help to guide future research on the complex relationship between temperature and behaviour in ectothermic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Abram
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Joffrey Moiroux
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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28
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McCue MD, Boardman L, Clusella-Trullas S, Kleynhans E, Terblanche JS. The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1893-902. [PMID: 27059066 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of processing a meal is crucial for understanding energy budgets of animals in the wild. Given that digestion and its associated costs may be dependent on environmental conditions, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of these costs under diverse conditions and identify resulting behavioural or physiological trade-offs. This study examines the speed and metabolic costs - in cumulative, absolute and relative energetic terms - of processing a bloodmeal for a major zoonotic disease vector, the tsetse fly Glossina brevipalpis, across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures (25, 30 and 35°C). Respirometry showed that flies used less energy digesting meals faster at higher temperatures but that their starvation tolerance was reduced, supporting the prediction that warmer temperatures are optimal for bloodmeal digestion while cooler temperatures should be preferred for unfed or post-absorptive flies. (13)C-Breath testing revealed that the flies oxidized dietary glucose and amino acids within the first couple of hours of feeding and overall oxidized more dietary nutrients at the cooler temperatures, supporting the premise that warmer digestion temperatures are preferred because they maximize speed and minimize costs. An independent test of these predictions using a thermal gradient confirmed that recently fed flies selected warmer temperatures and then selected cooler temperatures as they became post-absorptive, presumably to maximize starvation resistance. Collectively these results suggest there are at least two thermal optima in a given population at any time and flies switch dynamically between optima throughout feeding cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Elsje Kleynhans
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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29
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Clissold FJ, Simpson SJ. Temperature, food quality and life history traits of herbivorous insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 11:63-70. [PMID: 28285760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Population dynamics of herbivorous insects are strongly influenced by temperature and host plant quality; an interaction generally thought to be mediated via effects of temperature on metabolic rate and altered energy requirements. However, recent research suggests the relationship between nutrition, temperature, host plant quality and life history traits that influence insect fitness are more complex than appreciated to date. In the laboratory, rates of development are most strongly influenced by temperature, while growth, body composition, and reproductive output are greatly affected by nutrition, notably the uptake of protein and carbohydrate. However, individual outcomes and consequently population responses in the field are not readily predicted from data on ambient temperatures and host plant chemical composition. The relative amounts of protein and carbohydrate gained from a host plant depends on complex interactions between plant cell structure and leaf chemistry, combined with plasticity in feeding behaviour, microclimate selection, digestive and assimilative physiology. For example, grasshoppers can exploit the temperature dependence of host plant quality to maintain nutritional homeostasis. Consequently, understanding environmental interactions such as leaf defences and patterns of foraging, and predicting the effects of climate change on insect populations, will be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Clissold
- The School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- The School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Simpson SJ, Clissold FJ, Lihoreau M, Ponton F, Wilder SM, Raubenheimer D. Recent advances in the integrative nutrition of arthropods. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 60:293-311. [PMID: 25341097 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlight recent advances in four areas in which nutrition shapes the relationships between organisms: between plants and herbivores, between hosts and their microbiota, between individuals within groups and societies, and between species within food webs. We demonstrate that taking an explicitly multidimensional view of nutrition and employing the logic of the geometric framework for nutrition provide novel insights and offer a means of integration across different levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems.
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Clemmensen SF, Hahn DA. Dormancy cues alter insect temperature-size relationships. Oecologia 2014; 177:113-21. [PMID: 25260999 PMCID: PMC4284390 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Developmental temperatures can have dramatic effects on body size in ectotherms. Thermal plasticity in body size is often viewed in the context of seasonality, but the role of seasonal dormancy responses in generating temperature–size relationships is underappreciated. We used the moth Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to examine how photoperiodic seasonal dormancy programming for pupal diapause affects the temperature–size relationship. Specifically, we partition out the contributions of somatic growth versus nutrient storage as fat to the thermal reaction norm for size. With increasing temperature from 16 °C to 20 °C, dormant pupae were both overall larger and progressively fatter than non-dormant pupae. This body mass response is likely driven by concurrent increases in food consumption and longer development times as temperatures increase. Our results demonstrate that seasonal photoperiodic cues can alter temperature–size relationships during pre-dormancy development. For biologists interested in seasonal effects on temperature–size relationships, our results suggest that the key to fully understanding these relationships may lie in integrating multiple seasonal cues and multiple aspects of body size and composition in a nutrient-allocation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon F Clemmensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA,
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Iles AC. Toward predicting community-level effects of climate: relative temperature scaling of metabolic and ingestion rates. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1342.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Le Gall M, Behmer ST. Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate on an Insect Herbivore: The Vista from a Fitness Landscape. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:942-54. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Niziolek OK, Berenbaum MR, Delucia EH. Impact of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on Japanese beetle herbivory. INSECT SCIENCE 2013; 20:513-23. [PMID: 23955947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To examine how the major elements of global change affect herbivory in agroecosystems, a multifactorial experiment was conducted where soybeans were grown at two levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, including those predicted for 2050, under otherwise normal field conditions. Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) were enclosed on foliage for 24 h, after which the beetle survivorship, total and per capita leaf consumption, and leaf protease inhibitor activity were measured. The direct effect of temperature on beetle consumption and survivorship also was measured under controlled environmental conditions. No differences in total foliage consumption were observed; however, beetles forced to feed at elevated temperature in the field demonstrated greater per capita consumption and reduced survivorship compared to beetles feeding at ambient temperature. Survivorship was also greater for beetles that consumed foliage grown under elevated CO2 , but there were no interactive effects of CO2 and temperature, and no differences in leaf chemistry were resolved. Leaf consumption by beetles increased strongly with increasing temperature up to ∼37° C, above which increased mortality caused a precipitous decrease in consumption. An empirical model based on the temperature dependence of leaf consumption and flight suggests that the 3.5°C increase in temperature predicted for 2050 will increase the optimal feeding window for the Japanese beetle by 290%. Elevated temperature and CO2 operating independently have the potential to greatly increase foliage damage to soybean by chewing insects, such as Popillia japonica, potentially affecting crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Niziolek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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McCue MD, De Los Santos R. Upper thermal limits of insects are not the result of insufficient oxygen delivery. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:257-65. [PMID: 23434785 DOI: 10.1086/669932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Most natural environments experience fluctuating temperatures that acutely affect an organism's physiology and ultimately a species' biogeographic distribution. Here we examine whether oxygen delivery to tissues becomes limiting as body temperature increases and eventually causes death at upper lethal temperatures. Because of the limited direct, experimental evidence supporting this possibility in terrestrial arthropods, we explored the effect of ambient oxygen availability on the thermotolerance of insects representing six species (Acheta domesticus, Hippodamia convergens, Gromphadorhina portentosa, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, Tenebrio molitor, and Zophobus morio), four taxonomic orders (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera), and multiple life stages (e.g., adults vs. larvae or nymphs). The survival curves of insects exposed to temperatures (45° or 50°C) under normoxic conditions (21% O(2)) were compared with those measured under altered oxygen levels (0%, 10%, 35%, and 95% O(2)). Kaplan-Meier log rank analyses followed by Holm-Sidak pairwise comparisons revealed that (1) anoxia sharply diminished survival times in all groups studied, (2) thermotolerance under moderate hyperoxia (35% O(2)) or moderate hypoxia (10% O(2)) was the same as or lower than that under normoxia, (3) half of the experimental treatments involving extreme hyperoxia (95% O(2)) caused reduced thermotolerance, and (4) thermotolerance differed with developmental stage. Adult G. portentosa exhibited much higher thermotolerance than their first-instar nymphs, but responses from larval and adult Z. morio were equivocal. We conclude that some factor(s) separate from oxygen delivery is responsible for death of insects at upper lethal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary's University, One Camino Santa Maria, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
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Hoffmann AA, Chown SL, Clusella-Trullas S. Upper thermal limits in terrestrial ectotherms: how constrained are they? Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ary A. Hoffmann
- Departments of Zoology and Genetics; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road; Parkville; Victoria; 3052; Australia
| | | | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Centre for Invasion Biology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1; Matieland; 7602; South Africa
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Hunt V, Lock G, Pickering S, Charnley A. Application of infrared thermography to the study of behavioural fever in the desert locust. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
We present a graphical approach, which we believe can help to integrate nutrition into the broader biological sciences, and introduce generality into the applied nutritional sciences. This ‘Geometric Framework’ takes account of the fact that animals need multiple nutrients in changing amounts and balance, and that nutrients come packaged in foods that are often hard to find, dangerous to subdue and costly to process. We then show how the Geometric Framework has been used to understand the links between nutrition and relevant aspects of the biology of individual animals. These aspects include the physiological mechanisms that direct the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the fitness consequences of these interactions. Having considered the implications of diet for individuals, we show that these effects can translate into the collective behaviour of groups and societies, and in turn ramify throughout food webs to influence the structure of ecosystems.
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