1
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Martine P, Aude A. Parental age at conception on mouse lemur's offspring longevity: Sex-specific maternal effects. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265783. [PMID: 36580457 PMCID: PMC9799291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental age at conception often influences offspring's longevity, a phenomenon referred as the "Lansing effect" described in large variety of organisms. But, the majority of the results refer to the survival of juveniles, mainly explained by an inadequate parental care by the elderly parents, mostly the mothers. Studies on the effect of parental age on offspring's longevity in adulthood remain few, except in humans for whom effects of parental age vary according to statistical models or socioeconomic environments. In a small primate in which the longevity reaches up to 13 years, we investigated the effects of parental age at conception on the longevity of offspring (N = 278) issued from parents with known longevity. None of the postnatal parameters (body mass at 30 and 60 days after birth, size and composition of the litter) influenced offspring's longevity. Mothers' age at conception negatively affected offspring's longevity in males but not in females. By contrast, fathers' age at conception did not influence offspring's longevity. Finally, the longevity of female offspring was significantly positively related to the longevity of both parents. Compared with current studies, the surprisingly minor effect of fathers 'age was related to the high seasonal reproduction and the particular telomere biology of mouse lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perret Martine
- UMR 7179, Adaptive mechanisms and Evolution, MECADEV, Brunoy, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anzeraey Aude
- UMR 7179, Adaptive mechanisms and Evolution, MECADEV, Brunoy, France
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2
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Davidian E, Surbeck M, Lukas D, Kappeler PM, Huchard E. The eco-evolutionary landscape of power relationships between males and females. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:706-718. [PMID: 35597702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In animal societies, control over resources and reproduction is often biased towards one sex. Yet, the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings of male-female power asymmetries remain poorly understood. We outline a comprehensive framework to quantify and predict the dynamics of male-female power relationships within and across mammalian species. We show that male-female power relationships are more nuanced and flexible than previously acknowledged. We then propose that enhanced reproductive control over when and with whom to mate predicts social empowerment across ecological and evolutionary contexts. The framework explains distinct pathways to sex-biased power: coercion and male-biased dimorphism constitute a co-evolutionary highway to male power, whereas female power emerges through multiple physiological, morphological, behavioural, and socioecological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Davidian
- Ngorongoro Hyena Project, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Martin Surbeck
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dieter Lukas
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology Unit, Leibniz Institute of Primate Biology, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Sociobiology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elise Huchard
- Anthropologie Évolutive, Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Montpellier, France.
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3
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Abstract
AbstractAnimal vocalizations may provide information about a sender’s condition or motivational state and, hence, mediate social interactions. In this study, we examined whether vocalizations of gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) emitted in aggressive contexts (grunts, tsaks) co-vary with physical condition, which would underly and indicate honest signaling. We recorded calls from captive individuals that were subjected to a caloric restricted (CR) or ad libitum (AL) diet, assuming that individuals on an ad libitum dietary regime were in better condition. We analyzed 828 grunts produced by seven CR and nine AL individuals and 270 tsaks by eight CR and five AL individuals. Grunts consisted of two separate elements, with the 1st element having more energy in higher frequencies than the 2nd element. Body mass correlated negatively with acoustic features of grunts, and heavier individuals produced lower-frequency grunts. Acoustic features of grunts did not differ between sexes. Acoustic features of tsaks were predicted by neither body mass nor sex. However, tsaks produced by AL individuals were noisier than those of CR individuals. Hence, manipulation of body condition via dietary regimes affected acoustic features of calls given during aggression in different ways: acoustic features of grunts varied according to the rule of acoustic allometry, and can be considered as honest signals. Acoustic features of tsaks, however, varied according to motivational structural rules. Longitudinal studies are now indicated to examine whether intra-individual changes in body mass are also reflected in the acoustic structure of calls, allowing callers to signal more flexible variation in condition.
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4
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Firman RC. Of mice and women: advances in mammalian sperm competition with a focus on the female perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200082. [PMID: 33070720 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although initially lagging behind discoveries being made in other taxa, mammalian sperm competition is now a productive and advancing field of research. Sperm competition in mammals is not merely a 'sprint-race' between the gametes of rival males, but rather a race over hurdles; those hurdles being the anatomical and physiological barriers provided by the female reproductive tract, as well as the egg and its vestments. With this in mind, in this review, I discuss progress in the field while focusing on the female perspective. I highlight ways by which sperm competition can have positive effects on female reproductive success and discuss how competitive outcomes are not only owing to dynamics between the ejaculates of rival males, but also attributable to mechanisms by which female mammals bias paternity toward favourable sires. Drawing on examples across different species-from mice to humans-I provide an overview of the accumulated evidence which firmly establishes that sperm competition is a key selective force in the evolution of male traits and detail how females can respond to increased sperm competitiveness with increased egg resistance to fertilization. I also discuss evidence for facultative responses to the sperm competition environment observed within mammal species. Overall, this review identifies shortcomings in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which female mammals 'select' sperm. More generally, this review demonstrates how, moving forward, mammals will continue to be effective animal models for studying both evolutionary and facultative responses to sperm competition. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C Firman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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5
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Rooker K, Gavrilets S. On the evolution of sexual receptivity in female primates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11945. [PMID: 32686696 PMCID: PMC7371874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the evolutionary forces responsible for, and underlying the diversity in, female primate reproductive cycles. While there has been limited research on sexual receptivity in primates, this has been one recurring topic of interest. Some primate species are like humans, sexually receptive to mating throughout their entire estrus cycle, while other species are the opposite, receptive for mere hours out of their several-week cycles. Why is there such prominent variation in sexual receptivity length among primate species? Here we examine the evolutionary trade-offs associated with sexual receptivity length using mathematical modeling. We investigate how various factors, including having ovulation signs present versus concealed ovulation, female physiological costs, and group size, each influence the length of females’ receptive periods. We find that both continuous receptivity and very short lengths of receptivity are able to evolve. Our model predicts that increasing the impacts of infanticide will increase the length of the female receptive period, emphasizing the possible importance of paternity confusion. Similar effects can also be achieved by increasing the non-genetic benefits provided by males. Overall, our work offers a theoretical framework for understanding the evolution and diversity of mating traits in female primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rooker
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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6
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Erofeeva MN, Naidenko SV. Interspecific Variation in the Relationships of Mating Partners in Felids. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019060062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Perret M. Litter sex composition affects first reproduction in female grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Huebner F, Fichtel C, Kappeler PM. Linking cognition with fitness in a wild primate: fitness correlates of problem-solving performance and spatial learning ability. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0295. [PMID: 30104438 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking the cognitive performance of wild animals with fitness consequences is crucial for understanding evolutionary processes that shape individual variation in cognition. However, the few studies that have examined these links revealed differing relationships between various cognitive performance measures and fitness proxies. To contribute additional comparative data to this body of research, we linked individual performance during repeated problem-solving and spatial learning ability in a maze with body condition and survival in wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). All four variables exhibited substantial inter-individual variation. Solving efficiency in the problem-solving task, but not spatial learning performance, predicted the magnitude of change in body condition after the harsh dry season, indicating that the ability to quickly apply a newly discovered motor technique might also facilitate exploitation of new, natural food resources. Survival was not linked with performance in both tasks, however, suggesting that mouse lemurs' survival might not depend on the cognitive performances addressed here. Our study is the first linking cognition with fitness proxies in a wild primate species, and our discussion highlights the importance and challenges of accounting for a species' life history and ecology in choosing meaningful cognitive and fitness variables for a study in the wild.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Huebner
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany .,Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus "Primate Cognition", Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus "Primate Cognition", Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus "Primate Cognition", Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Landes J, Henry P, Hardy I, Perret M, Pavard S. Female reproduction bears no survival cost in captivity for gray mouse lemurs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6189-6198. [PMID: 31236213 PMCID: PMC6580269 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival cost of reproduction has been revealed in many free-ranging vertebrates. However, recent studies on captive populations failed to detect this cost. Theoretically, this lack of survival/reproduction trade-off is expected when resources are not limiting, but these studies may have failed to detect the cost, as they may not have fully accounted for potential confounding effects, in particular interindividual heterogeneity. Here, we investigated the effects of current and past reproductive effort on later survival in captive females of a small primate, the gray mouse lemur. Survival analyses showed no cost of reproduction in females; and the pattern was even in the opposite direction: the higher the reproductive effort, the higher the chances of survival until the next reproductive event. These conclusions hold even while accounting for interindividual heterogeneity. In agreement with aforementioned studies on captive vertebrates, these results remind us that reproduction is expected to be traded against body maintenance and the survival prospect only when resources are so limiting that they induce an allocation trade-off. Thus, the cost of reproduction has a major extrinsic component driven by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landes
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Pierre‐Yves Henry
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
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10
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Fox RJ, Head ML, Jennions MD. Disentangling the costs of male harassment and the benefits of polyandry for females. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Fox
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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11
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Erofeeva MN, Alekseeva GS, Sorokin PA, Naidenko SV. Effect of the Number of Mating Partners and Sperm Quality on Reproductive Success in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus). BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Perret M. Revisiting the Trivers-Willard theory on birth sex ratio bias: Role of paternal condition in a Malagasy primate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209640. [PMID: 30576370 PMCID: PMC6303032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within current theories on potential adaptive manipulation of offspring sex ratio, giving birth to a male or to a female is assumed to depend on the capacity of the mother to invest in offspring to maximize her fitness. The active role of the father in sex ratio bias at birth has been neglected until recently. The human sex ratio at birth is biased towards sons, although in occidental populations, the ratio has decreased regularly for 30 years and could be the consequence of the adverse effects of environmental chemicals on male hormones. In a Malagasy primate, the lesser mouse lemur, the potential effect of paternal testosterone levels on sex ratio bias at birth was tested on 130 litters (278 babies) produced in 52 mixed-sex groups. For each group, social dominance among males was characterized based on aggressive interactions and sexual behaviours. Using a multi correspondence analysis, high testosterone levels in grouped males, particularly those of the dominant male, were significantly correlated with more infants produced in male-biased litters, independent of the female condition. According to these results, predictions for sex ratio bias towards one sex or the other in mouse lemurs were discussed considering the influence of both parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Perret
- UMR Mecadev 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Brunoy, France
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13
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Landes J, Perret M, Hardy I, Camarda CG, Henry PY, Pavard S. State transitions: a major mortality risk for seasonal species. Ecol Lett 2017. [PMID: 28635125 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing results from the accumulation of multifactorial damage over time. However, the temporal distribution of this damage remains unknown. In seasonal species, transitions between seasons are critical periods of massive physiological remodelling. We hypothesised that these recurrent peaks of physiological remodelling are costly in terms of survival. We tested whether captive small primates exposed to an experimentally increased frequency of seasonal transitions die sooner than individuals living under natural seasonality. The results show that experiencing one additional season per year increases the mortality hazard by a factor of 3 to 4, whereas the expected number of seasons lived is only slightly impacted by the seasonal rhythm. These results demonstrate that physiological transitions between periods of high and low metabolic activity represent a major mortality risk for seasonal organisms, which has been ignored until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landes
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France.,Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | | | - Pierre-Yves Henry
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France
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14
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15
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Huchard E, Schliehe-Diecks S, Kappeler PM, Kraus C. The inbreeding strategy of a solitary primate,Microcebus murinus. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:128-140. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Huchard
- ISEM UMR 5554; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - S. Schliehe-Diecks
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - P. M. Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - C. Kraus
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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16
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Substrate-borne vibrations of male psyllids vary with body size and age but females are indifferent. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Boulton RA, Shuker DM. Polyandry is context dependent but not convenient in a mostly monandrous wasp. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zhao M, Li C, Zhang W, Wang H, Luo Z, Gu Q, Gu Z, Liao C, Wu H. Male pursuit of higher reproductive success drives female polyandry in the Omei treefrog. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hämäläinen A, Dammhahn M, Aujard F, Eberle M, Hardy I, Kappeler PM, Perret M, Schliehe-Diecks S, Kraus C. Senescence or selective disappearance? Age trajectories of body mass in wild and captive populations of a small-bodied primate. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140830. [PMID: 25100693 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (EM) a major factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies of functional ageing focus on species with low EM. This bias may cause overestimation of the influence of senescent declines in performance over condition-dependent mortality on demographic processes across taxa. To simultaneously investigate the roles of functional senescence (FS) and intrinsic, extrinsic and condition-dependent mortality in a species with a high predation risk in nature, we compared age trajectories of body mass (BM) in wild and captive grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) using longitudinal data (853 individuals followed through adulthood). We found evidence of non-random mortality in both settings. In captivity, the oldest animals showed senescence in their ability to regain lost BM, whereas no evidence of FS was found in the wild. Overall, captive animals lived longer, but a reversed sex bias in lifespan was observed between wild and captive populations. We suggest that even moderately condition-dependent EM may lead to negligible FS in the wild. While high EM may act to reduce the average lifespan, this evolutionary process may be counteracted by the increased fitness of the long-lived, high-quality individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Hämäläinen
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany Department of Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Manfred Eberle
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Martine Perret
- UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Susanne Schliehe-Diecks
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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20
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Okada K, Archer CR, Katsuki M, Suzaki Y, Sharma MD, House CM, Hosken DJ. Polyandry and fitness in female horned flour beetles, Gnatocerus cornutus. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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22
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Thonhauser KE, Raveh S, Penn DJ. Multiple paternity does not depend on male genetic diversity. Anim Behav 2014; 93:135-141. [PMID: 25018559 PMCID: PMC4087292 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is common in many species and it has been suggested that females engage in multiple mating to increase the genetic diversity of their offspring (genetic diversity hypothesis). Multiple paternity occurs in 30% of litters in wild populations of house mice, Mus musculus musculus, and multiple-sired litters are genetically more diverse than single-sired ones. Here, we aimed to test whether female house mice produce multiple-sired litters when they have the opportunity to produce genetically diverse litters. We assessed the rates of multiple paternity when females could choose to mate with two males that were genetically dissimilar to each other (i.e. nonsiblings and MHC dissimilar) compared with when females could choose to mate with two males that were genetically similar to each other (i.e. siblings and shared MHC alleles). Multiple mating may depend upon a female's own condition, and, therefore, we also tested whether inbred (from full-sibling matings) females were more likely to produce multiple-sired progeny than outbred controls. Overall we found that 29% of litters had multiple sires, but we found no evidence that females were more likely to produce multiple-sired litters when they had the opportunity to mate with genetically dissimilar males compared with controls, regardless of whether females were inbred or outbred. Thus, our findings do not support the idea that female mice increase multiple paternity when they have the opportunity to increase the genetic diversity of their offspring, as expected from the genetic diversity hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin E. Thonhauser
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shirley Raveh
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Evolution, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dustin J. Penn
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Lührs ML, Kappeler PM. Polyandrous mating in treetops: how male competition and female choice interact to determine an unusual carnivore mating system. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Massei G, Cowan D. Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/wr13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species- and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human–wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.
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Huchard E, Baniel A, Schliehe-Diecks S, Kappeler PM. MHC-disassortative mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in a solitary primate. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4071-86. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Huchard
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Kellnerweg 4 Göttingen Germany
- Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour; University of Göttingen; Kellnerweg 6 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alice Baniel
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Kellnerweg 4 Göttingen Germany
| | - Susanne Schliehe-Diecks
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Kellnerweg 4 Göttingen Germany
- Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour; University of Göttingen; Kellnerweg 6 Göttingen Germany
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Kellnerweg 4 Göttingen Germany
- Courant Research Centre Evolution of Social Behaviour; University of Göttingen; Kellnerweg 6 Göttingen Germany
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Canale CI, Huchard E, Perret M, Henry PY. Reproductive resilience to food shortage in a small heterothermic primate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41477. [PMID: 22848507 PMCID: PMC3405090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive energetic costs entailed by reproduction in most mammalian females may increase the vulnerability of reproductive success to food shortage. Unexpected events of unfavorable climatic conditions are expected to rise in frequency and intensity as climate changes. The extent to which physiological flexibility allows organisms to maintain reproductive output constant despite energetic bottlenecks has been poorly investigated. In mammals, reproductive resilience is predicted to be maximal during early stages of reproduction, due to the moderate energetic costs of ovulation and gestation relative to lactation. We experimentally tested the consequences of chronic-moderate and short-acute food shortages on the reproductive output of a small seasonally breeding primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) under thermo-neutral conditions. These two food treatments were respectively designed to simulate the energetic constraints imposed by a lean year (40% caloric restriction over eight months) or by a sudden, severe climatic event occurring shortly before reproduction (80% caloric restriction over a month). Grey mouse lemurs evolved under the harsh, unpredictable climate of the dry forest of Madagascar and should thus display great potential for physiological adjustments to energetic bottlenecks. We assessed the resilience of the early stages of reproduction (mating success, fertility, and gestation) to these contrasted food treatments, and on the later stages (lactation and offspring growth) in response to the chronic food shortage only. Food deprived mouse lemurs managed to maintain constant most reproductive parameters, including oestrus timing, estrogenization level at oestrus, mating success, litter size, and litter mass as well as their overall number of surviving offspring at weaning. However, offspring growth was delayed in food restricted mothers. These results suggest that heterothermic, fattening-prone mammals display important reproductive resilience to energetic bottlenecks. More generally, species living in variable and unpredictable habitats may have evolved a flexible reproductive physiology that helps buffer environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy I Canale
- UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France.
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