1
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Onishi R, Matsumura K. Heterospecific interaction in two beetle species: Males with weapons decrease the reproductive success of species with weaponless males. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11518. [PMID: 38895581 PMCID: PMC11184211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Many species often show male-male combat for mating opportunities and resources within the species. Sexual selection through this radical combat leads to the evolution of males with exaggerated traits used as weapons, such as horns or mandibles, that often result in victory during combat. However, heterospecific interaction due to errors in species identification has often been observed, which results in decreased mating opportunities within the same species and fewer fertilized eggs. Males with exaggerated weapons may show dominance in resource acquisition over males without weapons and may decrease the reproductive success of the latter due to competition between the two. However, few studies have examined heterospecific interaction focusing on males with or without weapons. In this study, we investigated the effects of the male weapon on reproductive traits in heterospecific interaction in two species: the broad-horned flour beetle (Gnatocerus cornutus), in which males have exaggerated weapon traits; and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), in which males have no weapon traits. Both species are closely related and use the same food resources. G. cornutus males interfered with the resource acquisition and reproductive opportunities of T. castaneum by attacking T. castaneum. The reproductive success of T. castaneum decreased when they cohabited with G. cornutus males. These findings show that male weapon traits, which are important for sexual selection within the same species, can also greatly influence reproduction in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Onishi
- Graduate School of Environmental, Natural Science, and TechnologyOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environmental, Natural Science, and TechnologyOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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2
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Adeola F, Lailvaux S. Bite force, body size, and octopamine mediate mating interactions in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1494-1502. [PMID: 37737492 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Mating interactions are rife with conflict because the evolutionary interests of males and females seldom coincide. Intersexual conflict affects sexual selection, yet the proximate factors underlying male coercive ability and female resistance are poorly understood. Male combat outcomes are often influenced by bite force, with superior biters being more likely to achieve victory over poorer biters in a range of species, including crickets. If good performers also achieve mating success through sexual coercion, then bite force might play a role in intersexual conflict as well. We tested the capacity of bite force to influence mating interactions in house crickets both directly by measuring bite forces of males and females and by altering male bite capacity through neuropharmacological manipulation. In addition, the invertebrate neurotransmitter octopamine both mediates aggression and underlies motivation to bite in male house crickets. By blocking octopamine receptors through the application of an antagonist, epinastine, we tested the effects of reduced bite force on male mating success. Our results show that male bite capacity, in combination with body size, influences both the likelihood and the outcomes of mating interactions, whereas treatment of males with epinastine eliminates motivation to mate. Our results suggest a functional role for bite force in affecting both sexual conflict and sexual selection and expand our knowledge of the influence of biogenic amines on reproductive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadeke Adeola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Simon Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Female remating decisions and mate choice benefits in the beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Encounter with heavier females changes courtship and fighting efforts of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). J ETHOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-021-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Herdegen-Radwan M, Cattelan S, Buda J, Raubic J, Radwan J. What do orange spots reveal about male (and female) guppies? A test using correlated responses to selection. Evolution 2021; 75:3037-3055. [PMID: 34658022 PMCID: PMC9299167 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Female preferences for male ornamental traits can arise from indirect benefits, such as increased attractiveness or better viability of progeny, but empirical evidence for such benefits is inconsistent. Artificial selection offers a powerful way to investigate indirect effects of male ornaments. Here, we selected for the area of orange spots on male guppies, a trait subject to female preferences in our population, in replicated up‐ and down‐selected lines. We found a significant direct response to selection, and a correlated response in female preferences, with females from down‐selected lines showing less interest in more orange males. Nevertheless, up‐selected males sired more offspring in direct competition with low‐selected males, irrespective of female origin. We did not find a significantly correlated response to selection among any other fitness correlates we measured. Our results imply that female preferences for orange spots can lead to increased reproductive success of their sons, with no effect on general viability of progeny. Furthermore, although we demonstrate that female preferences may evolve via linkage disequilibrium with the preferred trait, the potential for runaway selection by positive feedback may be constrained by the lack of corresponding linkage with male reproductive competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Herdegen-Radwan
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Silvia Cattelan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Jakub Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
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6
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Kiyose K, Katsuki M, Suzaki Y, Okada K, Okada Y. Octopaminergic system orchestrates combat and mating behaviors: A potential regulator of alternative male mating tactics in an armed beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104211. [PMID: 33662374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Male-male combats over females and territories are widespread across animal taxa. The winner of a combat gains resources, while the loser suffers significant costs (e.g. time, energy and injury) without gaining resources. Many animals have evolved behavioral flexibility, depending on their nutritional condition and experience, to avoid combat in order to reduce such costs. In these cases, male aggression often correlates with mating behavior changes, that is, the deployment of alternative reproductive tactics. Therefore, uncovering the physiological mechanism that orchestrates combat and mating behaviors is essential to understand the evolution of alternative mating tactics. However, so far, our knowledge is limited to specific behaviors (i.e., fighting or mating) of specific model species. In this study, we used an armed beetle (Gnatocerus cornutus) and hypothesized that one of the key neuromodulators of invertebrate aggression, octopamine (OA), would control male combat and other mating behaviors. Using receptor agonists (chlordimeform and benzimidazole), we showed that the octopaminergic (OAergic) system down-regulated the combat and courtship behaviors, while it up-regulated locomotor activity and sperm size. This suggests that the OAergic system orchestrates a suite of fighting and mating behaviors, thereby implying that correlated behavioral responses to OAergic signaling may have driven the evolution of alternative mating tactics in this beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Kiyose
- Seibukasei Co., Ltd., Yamato-machi 1-12-24, Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi 750-0067, Japan
| | - Masako Katsuki
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yû Suzaki
- Technical Research Institute, Obayashi Corporation, 4-640, Shimokiyoto, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8558, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 111, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Okada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-ohsawa 1-1, Hachiohji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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7
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Amino K, Matsuo T. Intra- Versus Inter-Sexual Selection on Sexually Dimorphic Traits in Drosophila prolongata. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:210-216. [PMID: 32549535 DOI: 10.2108/zs200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism, such as sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and sexually dimorphic exaggerated traits, often evolves via sexual selection. In many species, evolution of sexual dimorphism is thought to be driven by either of the two forms of sexual selection: intra- and inter-sexual selection. In some species, however, intra- and inter-sexual selection act simultaneously on the same sexually dimorphic trait. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of both forms of sexual selection to fully understand the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Drosophila prolongata is a fruit fly that shows male-biased SSD and has enlarged forelegs only in males. In this study, the relationship between body size parameters and aggression/mating behavior was examined. Our results showed that aggressive behavior was influenced by body weight and foreleg size, whereas mating success was not influenced by any size parameters, suggesting that intra-sexual selection is the primary mechanism that maintains the sexual dimorphism in the current D. prolongata population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Amino
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
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8
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Matsumura K, Abe MS, Sharma MD, Hosken DJ, Yoshii T, Miyatake T. Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in circadian rhythms in an armed beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, their free-running periods and the power of the rhythms are often used as indicators of biological clocks, and there is evidence that the free-running periods of circadian rhythms are not affected by environmental factors, such as temperature. However, there are few studies of environmental effects on the power of the rhythms, and it is not clear whether temperature compensation is universal. Additionally, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in biological clocks are important for understanding the evolution of biological rhythms, but genetic and plastic effects are rarely investigated. Here, we used 18 isofemale lines (genotypes) of Gnatocerus cornutus to assess rhythms of locomotor activity, while also testing for temperature effects. We found that total activity and the power of the circadian rhythm were affected by interactions between sex and genotype or between sex, genotype and temperature. The males tended to be more active and showed greater increases in activity, but this effect varied across both genotypes and temperatures. The period of activity varied only by genotype and was thus independent of temperature. The complicated genotype–sex–environment interactions we recorded stress the importance of investigating circadian activity in more integrated ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masato S Abe
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manmohan D Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn, UK
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough, Penryn, UK
| | - Taishi Yoshii
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyatake
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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9
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Okada K, Katsuki M, Kiyose K, Okada Y. Older males are more competitive in male fights and more aggressive toward females in the broad-horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-2815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Tourmente M, Archer CR, Hosken DJ. Complex interactions between sperm viability and female fertility. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15366. [PMID: 31653962 PMCID: PMC6814814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm viability is a major male fitness component, with higher sperm viability associated with enhanced sperm competitiveness. While many studies have focussed on sperm viability from the male fitness standpoint, its impact on female fitness is less clear. Here we used a panel of 32 isogenic Drosophila simulans lines to test for genetic variation in sperm viability (percentage of viable cells). We then tested whether sperm viability affected female fitness by mating females to males from low or high sperm viability genotypes. We found significant variation in sperm viability among genotypes, and consistent with this, sperm viability was highly repeatable within genotypes. Additionally, females mated to high sperm viability males laid more eggs in the first seven hours after mating, and produced more offspring in total. However, the early increase in oviposition did not result in more offspring in the 8 hours following mating, suggesting that mating with high sperm-viability genotypes leads to egg wastage for females shortly after copulation. Although mating with high sperm-viability males resulted in higher female fitness in the long term, high quality ejaculates would result in a short-term female fitness penalty, or at least lower realised fitness, potentially generating sexual conflict over optimal sperm viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Tourmente
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
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11
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House CM, Rapkin J, Hunt J, Hosken DJ. Operational sex ratio and density predict the potential for sexual selection in the broad-horned beetle. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Okada K, Okada Y, Dall SRX, Hosken DJ. Loser-effect duration evolves independently of fighting ability. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190582. [PMID: 31138078 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Winning or losing contests can impact subsequent competitive behaviour and the duration of these effects can be prolonged. While it is clear effects depend on social and developmental environments, the extent to which they are heritable, and hence evolvable, is less clear and remains untested. Furthermore, theory predicts that winner and loser effects should evolve independently of actual fighting ability, but again tests of this prediction are limited. Here we used artificial selection on replicated beetle populations to show that the duration of loser effects can evolve, with a realized heritability of about 17%. We also find that naive fighting ability does not co-evolve with reductions in the duration of the loser effect. We discuss the implications of these findings and how they corroborate theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okada
- 1 Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University , Tsushima-naka 111, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yasukazu Okada
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1, Minamiohsawa Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Sasha R X Dall
- 3 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall , Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ , UK
| | - David J Hosken
- 3 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall , Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ , UK
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13
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Vendl T, Stejskal V, Aulicky R. First Case of Dual Size Asymmetry in an Identical Arthropod Organ: Different Asymmetries of the Combative (Sexual) and Cutting (Non-Sexual) Parts of Mandibles in the Horned Stored-Product Beetle Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798). INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040151. [PMID: 30380611 PMCID: PMC6316112 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that separate insect body structures may be asymmetrical within one species, the different functional asymmetries within a single organ as a result of differential selective regimes have not been described. Based on microscopic measurements and SEM photography, we examined the size, shape and asymmetry of the mandibular structures of males and females of the sexually dimorphic broad-horned flour beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). It was found that sexual dimorphism only manifests in certain outgrowth parts (horns) of male mandibles, while the remaining cutting parts of the mandibles hold identical morphologies for both sexes. A more interesting finding—since this is the first published case of dual functionally selected asymmetry in an identical arthropod organ—was that the cutting part of the male mandible exhibited directional asymmetry, whereas the outgrowth horn part of the mandible showed a high degree of symmetry. Moreover, there was no relationship between the size and asymmetry of horns. The results indicate different regulatory mechanisms of sexually selected combative horns and the food-functional, more conservative (constrained by hard food and adult long life) cutting parts of mandibles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vendl
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-16106, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-16106, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-16106, Czech Republic.
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14
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Male Scent Gland Signals Mating Status in Greater Spear-Nosed Bats, Phyllostomus hastatus. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:975-986. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Maraqa MS, Griffin R, Sharma MD, Wilson AJ, Hunt J, Hosken DJ, House CM. Constrained evolution of the sex comb in Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:388-400. [PMID: 27859860 PMCID: PMC5324616 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Male fitness is dependent on sexual traits that influence mate acquisition (precopulatory sexual selection) and paternity (post-copulatory sexual selection), and although many studies have documented the form of selection in one or the other of these arenas, fewer have done it for both. Nonetheless, it appears that the dominant form of sexual selection is directional, although theoretically, populations should converge on peaks in the fitness surface, where selection is stabilizing. Many factors, however, can prevent populations from reaching adaptive peaks. Genetic constraints can be important if they prevent the development of highest fitness phenotypes, as can the direction of selection if it reverses across episodes of selection. In this study, we examine the evidence that these processes influence the evolution of the multivariate sex comb morphology of male Drosophila simulans. To do this, we conduct a quantitative genetic study together with a multivariate selection analysis to infer how the genetic architecture and selection interact. We find abundant genetic variance and covariance in elements of the sex comb. However, there was little evidence for directional selection in either arena. Significant nonlinear selection was detected prior to copulation when males were mated to nonvirgin females, and post-copulation during sperm offence (again with males mated to nonvirgins). Thus, contrary to our predictions, the evolution of the D. simulans sex comb is limited neither by genetic constraints nor by antagonistic selection between pre- and post-copulatory arenas, but nonlinear selection on the multivariate phenotype may prevent sex combs from evolving to reach some fitness maximizing optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Maraqa
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - R Griffin
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M D Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - J Hunt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - D J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - C M House
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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16
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Relationships between male attractiveness, female remating, and sperm competition in the cigarette beetle. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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House CM, Sharma MD, Okada K, Hosken DJ. Pre and Post-copulatory Selection Favor Similar Genital Phenotypes in the Male Broad Horned Beetle. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:682-93. [PMID: 27371390 PMCID: PMC5035384 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection can operate before and after copulation and the same or different trait(s) can be targeted during these episodes of selection. The direction and form of sexual selection imposed on characters prior to mating has been relatively well described, but the same is not true after copulation. In general, when male–male competition and female choice favor the same traits then there is the expectation of reinforcing selection on male sexual traits that improve competitiveness before and after copulation. However, when male–male competition overrides pre-copulatory choice then the opposite could be true. With respect to studies of selection on genitalia there is good evidence that male genital morphology influences mating and fertilization success. However, whether genital morphology affects reproductive success in more than one context (i.e., mating versus fertilization success) is largely unknown. Here we use multivariate analysis to estimate linear and nonlinear selection on male body size and genital morphology in the flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus, simulated in a non-competitive (i.e., monogamous) setting. This analysis estimates the form of selection on multiple traits and typically, linear (directional) selection is easiest to detect, while nonlinear selection is more complex and can be stabilizing, disruptive, or correlational. We find that mating generates stabilizing selection on male body size and genitalia, and fertilization causes a blend of directional and stabilizing selection. Differences in the form of selection across these bouts of selection result from a significant alteration of nonlinear selection on body size and a marginally significant difference in nonlinear selection on a component of genital shape. This suggests that both bouts of selection favor similar genital phenotypes, whereas the strong stabilizing selection imposed on male body size during mate acquisition is weak during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M House
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - M D Sharma
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama, Japan
| | - David J Hosken
- *Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
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18
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Berger D, You T, Minano MR, Grieshop K, Lind MI, Arnqvist G, Maklakov AA. Sexually antagonistic selection on genetic variation underlying both male and female same-sex sexual behavior. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:88. [PMID: 27175796 PMCID: PMC4866275 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intralocus sexual conflict, arising from selection for different alleles at the same locus in males and females, imposes a constraint on sex-specific adaptation. Intralocus sexual conflict can be alleviated by the evolution of sex-limited genetic architectures and phenotypic expression, but pleiotropic constraints may hinder this process. Here, we explored putative intralocus sexual conflict and genetic (co)variance in a poorly understood behavior with near male-limited expression. Same-sex sexual behaviors (SSBs) generally do not conform to classic evolutionary models of adaptation but are common in male animals and have been hypothesized to result from perception errors and selection for high male mating rates. However, perspectives incorporating sex-specific selection on genes shared by males and females to explain the expression and evolution of SSBs have largely been neglected. RESULTS We performed two parallel sex-limited artificial selection experiments on SSB in male and female seed beetles, followed by sex-specific assays of locomotor activity and male sex recognition (two traits hypothesized to be functionally related to SSB) and adult reproductive success (allowing us to assess fitness consequences of genetic variance in SSB and its correlated components). Our experiments reveal both shared and sex-limited genetic variance for SSB. Strikingly, genetically correlated responses in locomotor activity and male sex-recognition were associated with sexually antagonistic fitness effects, but these effects differed qualitatively between male and female selection lines, implicating intralocus sexual conflict at both male- and female-specific genetic components underlying SSB. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that widespread pleiotropy generates pervasive intralocus sexual conflict governing the expression of SSBs, suggesting that SSB in one sex can occur due to the expression of genes that carry benefits in the other sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berger
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tao You
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maravillas R Minano
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Grieshop
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin I Lind
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18D, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lane SM, Dickinson AW, Tregenza T, House CM. Sexual Selection on male cuticular hydrocarbons via male-male competition and female choice. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1346-55. [PMID: 27037514 PMCID: PMC4999037 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Traditional views of sexual selection assumed that male–male competition and female mate choice work in harmony, selecting upon the same traits in the same direction. However, we now know that this is not always the case and that these two mechanisms often impose conflicting selection on male sexual traits. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have been shown to be linked to both social dominance and male attractiveness in several insect species. However, although several studies have estimated the strength and form of sexual selection imposed on male CHCs by female mate choice, none have established whether these chemical traits are also subject to sexual selection via male–male competition. Using a multivariate selection analysis, we estimate and compare sexual selection exerted by male–male competition and female mate choice on male CHC composition in the broad‐horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. We show that male–male competition exerts strong linear selection on both overall CHC abundance and body size in males, while female mate choice exerts a mixture of linear and nonlinear selection, targeting not just the overall amount of CHCs expressed but the relative abundance of specific hydrocarbons as well. We discuss the potential implications of this antagonistic selection with regard to male reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lane
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A W Dickinson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - T Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - C M House
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
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20
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Prokop ZM, Drobniak SM. Genetic variation in male attractiveness: It is time to see the forest for the trees. Evolution 2016; 70:913-21. [PMID: 26940698 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Female choice based on multiple male traits, rather than on any single one, has been reported in many species and may well be a rule rather than an exception. However, the implications this has for selection acting on choosiness itself remain underappreciated. We argue that this constitutes one of the important impediments to our understanding of the evolution of mate choice. We discuss this issue primarily in the context of the Fisherian model of sexual selection. We review theory and empirical data, showing how the crucial parameter of the model-genetic variation in male attractiveness-can be estimated when attractiveness is a function of multiple traits. Based on the reviewed theory, we show how relying on individual male traits, instead of overall attractiveness, can produce biased estimates of Fisherian benefits of female choice. This bias can be substantial, especially when many traits contribute to male attractiveness. We discuss a number of methodological issues that, we hope, will stimulate future studies and help resolving the long-standing mystery of mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia M Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Lane SM, Haughan AE, Evans D, Tregenza T, House CM. Same-sex sexual behaviour as a dominance display. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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McCullough EL, Simmons LW. Selection on male physical performance during male–male competition and female choice. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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McLean CA, Chan R, Dickerson AL, Moussalli A, Stuart-Fox D. Social interactions generate mutually reinforcing selection for male aggression in Lake Eyre dragons. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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25
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House CM, Jensen K, Rapkin J, Lane S, Okada K, Hosken DJ, Hunt J. Macronutrient balance mediates the growth of sexually selected weapons but not genitalia in male broad‐horned beetles. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M. House
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
- Department of Entomology North Carolina State University Gardner Hall Raleigh North Carolina 27695‐7613 USA
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - Sarah Lane
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology Graduate School of Environmental Science Okayama University Tsushima‐naka 111 Okayama 700‐8530 Japan
| | - David J. Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life & Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn Campus Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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26
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Okada K, Archer CR, Katsuki M, Suzaki Y, Sharma MD, House CM, Hosken DJ. Polyandry and fitness in female horned flour beetles, Gnatocerus cornutus. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Howard RD, Rohrer K, Liu Y, Muir WM. Mate competition and evolutionary outcomes in genetically modified zebrafish (Danio rerio). Evolution 2015; 69:1143-57. [PMID: 25873489 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Howard
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Karl Rohrer
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - William M. Muir
- Department of Animal Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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28
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White AJ, Rundle HD. Territory defense as a condition-dependent component of male reproductive success inDrosophila serrata. Evolution 2015; 69:407-18. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. White
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; 30 Marie Curie Private; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Howard D. Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; 30 Marie Curie Private; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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29
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O'Connor CM. Female beetles prefer lovers, not fighters. J Exp Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.095067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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