1
|
Archer CR, Hosken DJ. Resolving the puzzle of same-sex sexual interactions. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:195-196. [PMID: 37940653 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malod K, Archer CR, Hunt J, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Selection on female reproductive schedules in the marula fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae) affects dietary optima for female reproductive traits but not lifespan. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1166753. [PMID: 38469485 PMCID: PMC10926420 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1166753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction A changing environment can select on life-history traits and trade-offs in a myriad of ways. For example, global warming may shift phenology and thus the availability of host-plants. This may alter selection on survival and fertility schedules in herbivorous insects. If selection on life-histories changes, this may in turn select for altered nutrient intake, because the blend of nutrients organisms consume helps determine the expression of life-history traits. However, we lack empirical work testing whether shifts in the timing of oviposition alter nutrient intake and life-history strategies. Methods We tested in the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra, how upward-selection on the age of female oviposition, in comparison with laboratory adapted control flies, affects the sex-specific relationship between protein and carbohydrate intake and life-history traits including lifespan, female lifetime egg production and daily egg production. We then determined the macronutrient ratio consumed when flies from each selection line and sex were allowed to self-regulate their intake. Results Lifespan, lifetime egg production and daily egg production were optimised at similar protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratios in flies from both selection lines. Likewise, females and males of both lines actively defended similar nutrient intake ratios (control =1:3.6 P:C; upward-selected = 1:3.2 P:C). Discussion Our results are comparable to those in non-selected C. cosyra, where the optima for each trait and the self-selected protein to carbohydrate ratio observed were nearly identical. The nutrient blend that needs to be ingested for optimal expression of a given trait appeared to be well conserved across laboratory adapted and experimentally selected populations. These results suggest that in C. cosyra, nutritional requirements do not respond to a temporal change in oviposition substrate availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - C. Ruth Archer
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - John Hunt
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan W. Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christopher W. Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruth Archer C, Bunning H, Rapkin J, Jensen K, Moore PJ, House CM, Del Castillo E, Hunt J. Ovarian apoptosis is regulated by carbohydrate intake but not by protein intake in speckled cockroaches. J Insect Physiol 2022; 143:104452. [PMID: 36309083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
When the likelihood of reproducing successfully is low, any prior investment in developing oocytes may be wasted. One means of recouping this investment is oosorption - where ova are absorbed and resources salvaged so they can be re-allocated to other traits. Food-limited female speckled cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) appear to use this strategy. However, it is unclear if total food intake or the availability of specific nutrients induces this process. Here, we used the geometric framework of nutrition to determine how protein, carbohydrate and energy intake affect levels of ovarian apoptosis and necrosis (controlled versus uncontrolled cell death) in the terminal oocytes of female N. cinerea. We then compare the effects of nutrient intake on apoptosis (a key step towards oosorption) and offspring production to better understand the relationship between diet, apoptosis and female fitness. We found that even when food was abundant, females experienced high levels of apoptosis if their diet lacked carbohydrate. Necrosis was reduced when energy intake was high, but largely irrespective of nutrient ratio. Offspring production peaked on a low protein, high carbohydrate nutrient ratio (1P:7.96C), similar to that which minimized apoptosis (1P:7.34C) but not in the region of nutrient space that minimized necrosis. Thus, females consuming an ideal nutrient blend for reproduction can invest heavily in their current brood without needing to salvage nutrients from developing ova. However, offspring production was more dependent on carbohydrate consumption than apoptosis was, suggesting that the importance of carbohydrate in reproduction goes beyond regulating oosorption. This reliance on carbohydrate for female reproduction may reflect the unusual reproductive and nutritional physiology of speckled cockroaches; attributes that make this species an exciting model for understanding how diet regulates reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Harriet Bunning
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Patricia J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Clarissa M House
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Enrique Del Castillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, 357 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK; School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Life-history strategies are diverse. While understanding this diversity is a fundamental aim of evolutionary biology and biodemography, life-history data for some traits-in particular, age-dependent reproductive investment-are biased towards females. While other authors have highlighted this sex skew, the general scale of this bias has not been quantified and its impact on our understanding of evolutionary ecology has not been discussed. This review summarizes why the sexes can evolve different life-history strategies. The scale of the sex skew is then discussed and its magnitude compared between taxonomic groups, laboratory and field studies, and through time. We discuss the consequences of this sex skew for evolutionary and ecological research. In particular, this sex bias means that we cannot test some core evolutionary theory. Additionally, this skew could obscure or drive trends in data and hinder our ability to develop effective conservation strategies. We finally highlight some ways through which this skew could be addressed to help us better understand broad patterns in life-history strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville 41001, Spain,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Irem Sepil
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malod K, du Rand EE, Archer CR, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Oxidative Damage Is Influenced by Diet But Unaffected by Selection for Early Age of Oviposition in the Marula Fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:794979. [PMID: 35295580 PMCID: PMC8918681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.794979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of life-history traits, such as lifespan or reproductive effort, is tightly correlated with the amount and blend of macronutrients that individuals consume. In a range of herbivorous insects, consuming high protein to carbohydrate ratios (P:C) decreases lifespan but increases female fecundity. In other words, females face a resource-based trade-off between lifespan and fecundity. Redox metabolism may help mediate this trade-off, if oxidative damage is elevated by reproductive investment and if this damage, in turn, reduces lifespan. Here, we test how diets varying in P:C ratio affect oxidative damage and antioxidant protection in female and male of the marula fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae). We use replicated lines that have been subjected to experimental evolution and differ in their lifespan and reproductive scheduling. We predicted that high fecundity would be associated with high oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant defences, while longer lived flies would show reduced damage and elevated antioxidant defences. However, higher levels of oxidative damage were observed in long-lived control lines than selection lines, but only when fed the diet promoting lifespan. Flies fed diets promoting female fecundity (1:4 and 1:2 P:C) suffered greater oxidative damage to lipids than flies fed the best diet (0:1 P:C) for lifespan. Total antioxidant capacity was not affected by the selection regime or nutrition. Our results reiterate the importance of nutrition in affecting life-history traits, but suggest that in C. cosyra, reactive oxygen species play a minimal role in mediating dietary trade-offs between lifespan and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Esther E. du Rand
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - C. Ruth Archer
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susan W. Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christopher W. Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Christopher W. Weldon,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carey MR, Archer CR, Rapkin J, Castledine M, Jensen K, House CM, Hosken DJ, Hunt J. Mapping sex differences in the effects of protein and carbohydrates on lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster: is measuring nutrient intake essential? Biogerontology 2022; 23:129-144. [PMID: 35122572 PMCID: PMC8888493 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how diet affects reproduction and survival is a central aim in evolutionary biology. Although this relationship is likely to differ between the sexes, we lack data relating diet to male reproductive traits. One exception to this general pattern is Drosophila melanogaster, where male dietary intake was quantified using the CApillary FEeder (CAFE) method. However, CAFE feeding reduces D. melanogaster survival and reproduction, so may distort diet-fitness outcomes. Here, we use the Geometric Framework of Nutrition to create nutrient landscapes that map sex-specific relationships between protein, carbohydrate, lifespan and reproduction in D. melanogaster. Rather than creating landscapes with consumption data, we map traits onto the nutrient composition of forty agar-based diets, generating broad coverage of nutrient space. We find that male and female lifespan was maximised on low protein, high carbohydrate blends (~ 1P:15.9C). This nutrient ratio also maximised male reproductive rates, but females required more protein to maximise daily fecundity (1P:1.22C). These results are consistent with CAFE assay outcomes. However, the approach employed here improved female fitness relative to CAFE assays, while effects of agar versus CAFE feeding on male fitness traits depended on the nutrient composition of experimental diets. We suggest that informative nutrient landscapes can be made without measuring individual nutrient intake and that in many cases, this may be preferable to using the CAFE approach. The most appropriate method will depend on the question and species being studied, but the approach adopted here has the advantage of creating nutritional landscapes when dietary intake is hard to quantify.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Carey
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Cornwall, UK.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Meaghan Castledine
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Kim Jensen
- Department of Animal Science - ANIS Nutrition, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Clarissa M House
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - John Hunt
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Archer CR, Fähnle J, Pretzner M, Üstüner C, Weber N, Sutter A, Doublet V, Wilfert L. Complex relationship between amino acids, fitness and food intake in Bombus terrestris. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1545-1558. [PMID: 34590185 PMCID: PMC8519840 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of amino acids to carbohydrates (AA:C) that bumble bees consume has been reported to affect their survival. However, it is unknown how dietary AA:C ratio affects other bumble bee fitness traits (e.g., fecundity, condition) and possible trade-offs between them. Moreover, while individual AAs affect phenotype in many species, the effects of AA blend on bumble bee fitness and food intake are unclear. We test how the AA:C ratio that bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) consume affects their condition (abdomen lipid and dry mass), survival following food removal, and ovarian activation. We then compare ovarian activation and food intake in bees fed identical AA:C ratios, but where the blend of AAs in diets differ, i.e., diets contained the same 10 AAs in an equimolar ratio or in the same ratio as in bee collected pollen. We found that AA:C ratio did not significantly affect survival following food removal or ovarian activation; however, high AA intake increased body mass, which is positively correlated with multiple fitness traits in bumble bees. AA blend (i.e., equimolar versus pollen) did not significantly affect overall ovarian activation or consumption of each experimental diet. However, there was an interaction between AA mix and dietary AA:C ratio affecting survival during the feeding experiment, and signs that there may have been weak, interactive effects of AA mix and AA:C ratio on food consumption. These results suggest that the effect of total AA intake on bumble bee phenotype may depend on the blend of individual AAs in experimental diets. We suggest that research exploring how AA blend affects bumble bee performance and dietary intake is warranted, and highlight that comparing research on bee nutrition is complicated by even subtle variation in experimental diet composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fähnle
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pretzner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cansu Üstüner
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Weber
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Sutter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Vincent Doublet
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn, TR10 8FL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malod K, Roets PD, Bosua H, Archer CR, Weldon CW. Selecting on age of female reproduction affects lifespan in both sexes and age-dependent reproductive effort in female (but not male) Ceratitis cosyra. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
9
|
Paniw M, James TD, Ruth Archer C, Römer G, Levin S, Compagnoni A, Che-Castaldo J, Bennett JM, Mooney A, Childs DZ, Ozgul A, Jones OR, Burns JH, Beckerman AP, Patwary A, Sanchez-Gassen N, Knight TM, Salguero-Gómez R. The myriad of complex demographic responses of terrestrial mammals to climate change and gaps of knowledge: A global analysis. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1398-1407. [PMID: 33825186 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of mammals are currently threatened with extinction, a risk that is amplified under climate change. Species persistence under climate change is determined by the combined effects of climatic factors on multiple demographic rates (survival, development and reproduction), and hence, population dynamics. Thus, to quantify which species and regions on Earth are most vulnerable to climate-driven extinction, a global understanding of how different demographic rates respond to climate is urgently needed. Here, we perform a systematic review of literature on demographic responses to climate, focusing on terrestrial mammals, for which extensive demographic data are available. To assess the full spectrum of responses, we synthesize information from studies that quantitatively link climate to multiple demographic rates. We find only 106 such studies, corresponding to 87 mammal species. These 87 species constitute <1% of all terrestrial mammals. Our synthesis reveals a strong mismatch between the locations of demographic studies and the regions and taxa currently recognized as most vulnerable to climate change. Surprisingly, for most mammals and regions sensitive to climate change, holistic demographic responses to climate remain unknown. At the same time, we reveal that filling this knowledge gap is critical as the effects of climate change will operate via complex demographic mechanisms: a vast majority of mammal populations display projected increases in some demographic rates but declines in others, often depending on the specific environmental context, complicating simple projections of population fates. Assessments of population viability under climate change are in critical need to gather data that account for multiple demographic responses, and coordinated actions to assess demography holistically should be prioritized for mammals and other taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paniw
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamora D James
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gesa Römer
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sam Levin
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aldo Compagnoni
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judy Che-Castaldo
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew Mooney
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Owen R Jones
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abir Patwary
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Compagnoni A, Levin S, Childs DZ, Harpole S, Paniw M, Römer G, Burns JH, Che-Castaldo J, Rüger N, Kunstler G, Bennett JM, Archer CR, Jones OR, Salguero-Gómez R, Knight TM. Herbaceous perennial plants with short generation time have stronger responses to climate anomalies than those with longer generation time. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1824. [PMID: 33758189 PMCID: PMC7988175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to synthesize the state of our knowledge on plant responses to climate. The availability of open-access data provide opportunities to examine quantitative generalizations regarding which biomes and species are most responsive to climate drivers. Here, we synthesize time series of structured population models from 162 populations of 62 plants, mostly herbaceous species from temperate biomes, to link plant population growth rates (λ) to precipitation and temperature drivers. We expect: (1) more pronounced demographic responses to precipitation than temperature, especially in arid biomes; and (2) a higher climate sensitivity in short-lived rather than long-lived species. We find that precipitation anomalies have a nearly three-fold larger effect on λ than temperature. Species with shorter generation time have much stronger absolute responses to climate anomalies. We conclude that key species-level traits can predict plant population responses to climate, and discuss the relevance of this generalization for conservation planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Compagnoni
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sam Levin
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stan Harpole
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gesa Römer
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Judy Che-Castaldo
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joanne M Bennett
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, The University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Owen R Jones
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Tiffany M Knight
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marceau T, Archer CR, Bulson L, Wilfert L. Dose-dependent effects of antibiotic intake on Bombus Terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) dietary intake, survival and parasite infection prevalence. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 182:107580. [PMID: 33757819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diseases may contribute to the widespread declines seen in many bee species. The gut bacteria of bees may serve as one defence against disease, by preventing pathogen colonisation. However, exposure to antibiotics on forage or in the hive may disrupt bee gut bacteria and remove this protective effect. A number of studies show that high antibiotic doses reduce bee health but the effects of field-realistic antibiotic doses remain unclear. Here, we test how Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) is affected by multiple field-realistic concentrations of the antibiotic oxytetracycline, which is sometimes used to protect flowering crops from bacterial infections. We measured survival, feeding behaviour and the likelihood of developing infection with the gut parasitic trypanosome Crithidia bombi Lipa & Triggiani, 1988 following oral inoculation with a range of antibiotic doses. Rising antibiotic concentrations were associated with reduced survival and food consumption, and an increased likelihood of becoming infected with C. bombi. These effects were seen at antibiotic concentrations that are applied to crops and so may be encountered by foraging bees in the field. These results support the hypothesis that field-realistic antibiotic doses have lethal and sub-lethal effects on B. terrestris and highlight the importance of improving our understanding of how field-realistic antibiotic doses affect pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marceau
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Tremough Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 8FL, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Bulson
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Tremough Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 8FL, UK.
| | - Lena Wilfert
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Tremough Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 8FL, UK; Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Archer CR, Carey MR, Noda T, Store SJ, Hosken DJ. Offspring sex ratios are stable across the life course in Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1606-1613. [PMID: 32896904 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within populations, adult sex ratios influence population growth and extinction risk, mating behaviours and parental care. Sex ratio adjustment can also have pronounced effects on individual fitness. Accordingly, it is important that we understand how often, and why, offspring sex ratios deviate from parity. In Drosophila melanogaster, females appear to improve their fitness by producing fewer sons when paired with older males. However, facultative sex ratio adjustment in D. melanogaster is controversial, and our understanding of how sex ratio skew affects fitness is hampered by pronounced sexual conflict in this species. Additionally, it is unclear whether maternal age or quality interacts with paternal age to influence offspring sex ratios. Here, we test whether offspring sex ratios vary as a function of maternal quality, and maternal and paternal age in Drosophila simulans, a sister species of D. melanogaster that lacks overt sexual conflict. We find that offspring sex ratios are slightly male-biased overall, but constant across the female life course, and independent of female quality, or paternal age. To really understand if, how and when females skew offspring sex ratios, we need studies linking offspring sex ratios to paternal and maternal phenotypes that are predicted to shift optimal investment in sons and daughters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Penryn, UK
| | - Matthew Robert Carey
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomohito Noda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan J Store
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Penryn, UK
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malod K, Roets PD, Oosthuizen C, Blount JD, Archer CR, Weldon CW. Selection on age of female reproduction in the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), decreases total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. J Insect Physiol 2020; 125:104084. [PMID: 32634434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative damage caused to cells by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is one of several factors implicated in causing ageing. Oxidative damage may also be a proximate cost of reproductive effort that mediates the trade-off often observed between reproduction and survival. However, how the balance between oxidative damage and antioxidant protection affects life-history strategies is not fully understood. To improve our understanding, we selected on female reproductive age in the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra, and quantified the impact of selection on female and male mortality risk, female fecundity, male sperm transfer, calling and mating. Against expectations, upward-selected lines lived shorter lives and experienced some reductions in reproductive performance. Selection affected oxidative damage to lipids and total antioxidant protection, but not in the direction predicted; longer lives were associated with elevated oxidative damage, arguing against the idea that accumulated oxidative damage reduces lifespan. Greater reproductive effort was also associated with elevated oxidative damage, suggesting that oxidative damage may be a cost of reproduction, although one that did not affect survival. Our results add to a body of data showing that the relationship between lifespan, reproduction and oxidative damage is more complex than predicted by existing theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| | - Petrus D Roets
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Carel Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Evolutionary conflict arises from differences in the fitness interests of replicating entities and has its roots in relatedness asymmetries. Every replicator is related to itself by 100%, but in most cases is less related to other replicators, which generates selfishness and conflicts of interest. Since this basic condition is the norm at many levels of biological organization, conflict is rife in biological systems. Sexual conflict, on which we focus here, is the evolutionary conflict that occurs between males and females because of their divergent fitness interests. Sexual conflict occurs despite sexual reproduction requiring some level of cooperation between males and females because the fitness interests of the sexes are nevertheless never perfectly aligned. In other words, males and females may agree on where they are going, but not necessarily on how to get there. Sexual conflict is a vast topic with relevance to many areas of biology and so here we restrict our focus to matters we think are of broadest interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, Penryn, TR109EZ, UK.
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, Penryn, TR109EZ, UK
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malod K, Archer CR, Karsten M, Cruywagen R, Howard A, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Exploring the role of host specialisation and oxidative stress in interspecific lifespan variation in subtropical tephritid flies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5601. [PMID: 32221391 PMCID: PMC7101423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In herbivorous insects, the degree of host specialisation may be one ecological factor that shapes lifespan. Because host specialists can only exploit a limited number of plants, their lifecycle should be synchronised with host phenology to allow reproduction when suitable hosts are available. For species not undergoing diapause or dormancy, one strategy to achieve this could be evolving long lifespans. From a physiological perspective, oxidative stress could explain how lifespan is related to degree of host specialisation. Oxidative stress caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) might help underpin ageing (the Free Radical Theory of Aging (FRTA)) and mediate differences in lifespan. Here, we investigated how lifespan is shaped by the degree of host specialisation, phylogeny, oxidative damage accumulation and antioxidant protection in eight species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). We found that lifespan was not constrained by species relatedness or oxidative damage (arguing against the FRTA); nevertheless, average lifespan was positively associated with antioxidant protection. There was no lifespan difference between generalist and specialist species, but most of the tephritids studied had long lifespans in comparison with other dipterans. Long lifespan may be a trait under selection in fruit-feeding insects that do not use diapause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ruben Cruywagen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Howard
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Sperm viability is a major male fitness component, with higher sperm viability associated with enhanced sperm competitiveness. While many studies have focussed on sperm viability from the male fitness standpoint, its impact on female fitness is less clear. Here we used a panel of 32 isogenic Drosophila simulans lines to test for genetic variation in sperm viability (percentage of viable cells). We then tested whether sperm viability affected female fitness by mating females to males from low or high sperm viability genotypes. We found significant variation in sperm viability among genotypes, and consistent with this, sperm viability was highly repeatable within genotypes. Additionally, females mated to high sperm viability males laid more eggs in the first seven hours after mating, and produced more offspring in total. However, the early increase in oviposition did not result in more offspring in the 8 hours following mating, suggesting that mating with high sperm-viability genotypes leads to egg wastage for females shortly after copulation. Although mating with high sperm-viability males resulted in higher female fitness in the long term, high quality ejaculates would result in a short-term female fitness penalty, or at least lower realised fitness, potentially generating sexual conflict over optimal sperm viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Tourmente
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsumura K, Archer CR, Hosken DJ, Miyatake T. Artificial selection on walking distance suggests a mobility-sperm competitiveness trade-off. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSecuring matings is a key determinant of fitness, and in many species, males are the sex that engages in mate searching. Searching for mates is often associated with increased mobility. This elevated investment in movement is predicted to trade-off with sperm competitiveness, but few studies have directly tested whether this trade-off occurs. Here, we assessed whether artificial selection on mobility affected sperm competitiveness and mating behavior, and if increased mobility was due to increased leg length in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum). We found that, in general, males selected for decreased mobility copulated for longer, stimulated females more during mating, and tended to be better sperm competitors. Surprisingly, they also had longer legs. However, how well males performed in sperm competition depended on females. Males with reduced mobility always copulated for longer than males with high mobility, but this only translated into greater fertilization success in females from control populations and not the selection populations (i.e. treatment females). These results are consistent with a mate-searching/mating-duration trade-off and broadly support a trade-off between mobility and sperm competitiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentarou Matsumura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Takahisa Miyatake
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duffy E, Archer CR, Sharma MD, Prus M, Joag RA, Radwan J, Wedell N, Hosken DJ. Wolbachia infection can bias estimates of intralocus sexual conflict. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:328-338. [PMID: 30680117 PMCID: PMC6342094 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females share most of their genome and develop many of the same traits. However, each sex frequently has different optimal values for these shared traits, creating intralocus sexual conflict. This conflict has been observed in wild and laboratory populations of insects and affects important evolutionary processes such as sexual selection, the maintenance of genetic variation, and possibly even speciation. Given the broad impacts of intralocus conflict, accurately detecting and measuring it is important. A common way to detect intralocus sexual conflict is to calculate the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness, with negative values suggesting conflict. Here, we highlight a potential confounder of this measure-cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by the intracellular parasite Wolbachia. Infection with Wolbachia can generate negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness in insects, suggestive of intralocus sexual conflict. This is because cytoplasmic incompatibility reduces the fitness of uninfected females mated to infected males, while uninfected males will not suffer reductions in fitness if they mate with infected females and may even be fitter than infected males. This can lead to strong negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness, mimicking intralocus conflict. We illustrate this issue using simulations and then present Drosophila simulans data that show how reproductive incompatibilities caused by Wolbachia infection can generate signals of intralocus sexual conflict. Given that Wolbachia infection in insect populations is pervasive, but populations usually contain both infected and uninfected individuals providing scope for cytoplasmic incompatibility, this is an important consideration for sexual conflict research but one which, to date, has been largely underappreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Duffy
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - C. Ruth Archer
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Manmohan Dev Sharma
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Monika Prus
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Richa A. Joag
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
- Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | - Nina Wedell
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - David J. Hosken
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility (SERSF)University of ExeterPenrynUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Archer CR, Recker M, Duffy E, Hosken DJ. Intralocus sexual conflict can resolve the male-female health-survival paradox. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5048. [PMID: 30487539 PMCID: PMC6261961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At any given age, men are more likely to die than women, but women have poorer health at older ages. This is referred to as the “male-female, health-survival paradox”, which is not fully understood. Here, we provide a general solution to the paradox that relies on intralocus sexual conflict, where alleles segregating in the population have late-acting positive effects on male fitness, but negative effects on female health. Using an evolutionary modelling framework, we show that male-benefit, female-detriment alleles can spread if they are expressed after female reproduction stops. We provide support for our conflict based solution using experimental Drosophila data. Our results show that selecting for increased late-life male reproductive effort can increase male fitness but have a detrimental effect on female fitness. Furthermore, we show that late-life male fertility is negatively genetically correlated with female health. Our study suggests that intralocus sexual conflict could resolve the health-survival paradox. Although men have lower survival across ages, women have poorer health than men as they age. Here, Archer et al. suggest that this pattern is explained by intralocus sexual conflict and provide supporting evidence from a mathematical model and experiments with Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Mario Recker
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.,College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Eoin Duffy
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - David J Hosken
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sutter A, Barton S, Sharma MD, Basellini U, Hosken DJ, Archer CR. Senescent declines in elite tennis players are similar across the sexes. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sutter
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Sam Barton
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Manmohan Dev Sharma
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Ugofilippo Basellini
- Institut national d’études démographiques (INED), Paris, France
- Center on Population Dynamics and Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David J Hosken
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility, Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rapkin J, Jensen K, Archer CR, House CM, Sakaluk SK, Castillo ED, Hunt J. The Geometry of Nutrient Space-Based Life-History Trade-Offs: Sex-Specific Effects of Macronutrient Intake on the Trade-Off between Encapsulation Ability and Reproductive Effort in Decorated Crickets. Am Nat 2018; 191:452-474. [PMID: 29570407 DOI: 10.1086/696147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Life-history theory assumes that traits compete for limited resources, resulting in trade-offs. The most commonly manipulated resource in empirical studies is the quantity or quality of diet. Recent studies using the geometric framework for nutrition, however, suggest that trade-offs are often regulated by the intake of specific nutrients, but a formal approach to identify and quantify the strength of such trade-offs is lacking. We posit that trade-offs occur whenever life-history traits are maximized in different regions of nutrient space, as evidenced by nonoverlapping 95% confidence regions of the global maximum for each trait and large angles (θ) between linear nutritional vectors and Euclidean distances (d) between global maxima. We then examined the effects of protein and carbohydrate intake on the trade-off between reproduction and aspects of immune function in male and female Gryllodes sigillatus. Female encapsulation ability and egg production increased with the intake of both nutrients, whereas male encapsulation ability increased with protein intake but calling effort increased with carbohydrate intake. The trade-offs between traits was therefore larger in males than in females, as demonstrated by significant negative correlations between the traits in males, nonoverlapping 95% confidence regions, and larger estimates of θ and d. Under dietary choice, the sexes had similar regulated intakes, but neither optimally regulated nutrient intake for maximal trait expression. We highlight the fact that greater consideration of specific nutrient intake is needed when examining nutrient space-based trade-offs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Archer CR. Magnetic declination stops migratory birds getting lost at sea. J Exp Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.147686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Malod K, Archer CR, Hunt J, Nicolson SW, Weldon CW. Effects of macronutrient intake on the lifespan and fecundity of the marula fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Tephritidae): Extreme lifespan in a host specialist. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:9808-9817. [PMID: 29188010 PMCID: PMC5696426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, lifespan and reproduction are strongly associated with nutrition. The ratio and amount of nutrients individuals consume affect their life expectancy and reproductive investment. The geometric framework (GF) enables us to explore how animals regulate their intake of multiple nutrients simultaneously and determine how these nutrients interact to affect life-history traits of interest. Studies using the GF on host-generalist tephritid flies have highlighted trade-offs between longevity and reproductive effort in females, mediated by the protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio that individuals consume. Here, we tested how P and C intake affect lifespan (LS) in both sexes, and female lifetime (LEP), and daily (DEP) egg production, in Ceratitis cosyra, a host-specialist tephritid fly. We then determined the P:C ratio that C. cosyra defends when offered a choice of foods. Female LS was optimized at a 0:1 P:C ratio, whereas to maximize their fecundity, females needed to consume a higher P:C ratio (LEP = 1:6 P:C; DEP = 1:2.5 P:C). In males, LS was also optimized at a low P:C ratio of 1:10. However, when given the opportunity to regulate their intake, both sexes actively defended a 1:3 P:C ratio, which is closer to the target for DEP than either LS or LEP. Our results show that female C. cosyra experienced a moderate trade-off between LS and fecundity. Moreover, the diets that maximized expression of LEP and DEP were of lower P:C ratio than those required for optimal expression of these traits in host-generalist tephritids or other generalist insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall UK.,School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ruth Archer C, Basellini U, Hunt J, Simpson SJ, Lee KP, Baudisch A. Diet has independent effects on the pace and shape of aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2017; 19:1-12. [PMID: 28914388 PMCID: PMC5765211 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining how diet affects mortality risk over age typically characterise mortality using parameters such as aging rates, which condense how much and how quickly the risk of dying changes over time into a single measure. Demographers have suggested that decoupling the tempo and the magnitude of changing mortality risk may facilitate comparative analyses of mortality trajectories, but it is unclear what biologically meaningful information this approach offers. Here, we determine how the amount and ratio of protein and carbohydrate ingested by female Drosophila melanogaster affects how much mortality risk increases over a time-standardised life-course (the shape of aging) and the tempo at which animals live and die (the pace of aging). We find that pace values increased as flies consumed more carbohydrate but declined with increasing protein consumption. Shape values were independent of protein intake but were lowest in flies consuming ~90 μg of carbohydrate daily. As protein intake only affected the pace of aging, varying protein intake rescaled mortality trajectories (i.e. stretched or compressed survival curves), while varying carbohydrate consumption caused deviation from temporal rescaling (i.e. changed the topography of time-standardised survival curves), by affecting pace and shape. Clearly, the pace and shape of aging may vary independently in response to dietary manipulation. This suggests that there is the potential for pace and shape to evolve independently of one another and respond to different physiological processes. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for independent variation in pace and shape, may offer insight into the factors underlying diverse mortality trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK. .,MaxNetAging Research School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ugofilippo Basellini
- MaxNetAging Research School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), F-75020, Paris, France.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense C, Denmark
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.,School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, D17, Charles Perkins Centre Research and Education Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Annette Baudisch
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Archer CR, Stephens RM, Sharma MD, Hosken DJ. The Drosophila simulans Y chromosome interacts with the autosomes to influence male fitness. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1821-1825. [PMID: 28703322 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Y chromosome should degenerate because it cannot recombine. However, male-limited transmission increases selection efficiency for male-benefit alleles on the Y, and therefore, Y chromosomes should contribute significantly to variation in male fitness. This means that although the Drosophila Y chromosome is small and gene-poor, Y-linked genes are vital for male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster and the Y chromosome has large male fitness effects. It is unclear whether the same pattern is seen in the closely related Drosophila simulans. We backcrossed Y chromosomes from three geographic locations into five genetic backgrounds and found strong Y and genetic background effects on male fertility. There was a significant Y-background interaction, indicating substantial epistasis between the Y and autosomal genes affecting male fertility. This supports accumulating evidence that interactions between the Y chromosome and the autosomes are key determinants of male fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Archer
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - R M Stephens
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - M D Sharma
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - D J Hosken
- Science and Engineering Research Support Facility Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rapkin J, Archer CR, Grant CE, Jensen K, House CM, Wilson AJ, Hunt J. Little evidence for intralocus sexual conflict over the optimal intake of nutrients for life span and reproduction in the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus. Evolution 2017. [PMID: 28640400 PMCID: PMC5599978 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is often large divergence in the effects of key nutrients on life span (LS) and reproduction in the sexes, yet nutrient intake is regulated in the same way in males and females given dietary choice. This suggests that the sexes are constrained from feeding to their sex‐specific nutritional optima for these traits. Here, we examine the potential for intralocus sexual conflict (IASC) over optimal protein and carbohydrate intake for LS and reproduction to constrain the evolution of sex‐specific nutrient regulation in the field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We show clear sex differences in the effects of protein and carbohydrate intake on LS and reproduction and strong positive genetic correlations between the sexes for the regulated intake of these nutrients. However, the between‐sex additive genetic covariance matrix had very little effect on the predicted evolutionary response of nutrient regulation in the sexes. Thus, IASC appears unlikely to act as an evolutionary constraint on sex‐specific nutrient regulation in T. commodus. This finding is supported by clear sexual dimorphism in the regulated intake of these nutrients under dietary choice. However, nutrient regulation did not coincide with the nutritional optima for LS or reproduction in either sex, suggesting that IASC is not completely resolved in T. commodus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Charles E Grant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,Department of Bioscience, Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Clarissa M House
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Archer CR. Lateralisation helps sailfish snatch sardines. J Exp Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.147389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
28
|
Archer CR. Heavily armed snails on the attack. J Exp Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Archer CR, Hosken DJ. Peacock flies. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R1124-R1126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
William Hamilton argued that even species inhabiting the farthest flung corners of the universe should age. However, a recent study shows that to find a species that escapes ageing, you only need to look as far as your local pond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - David J Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salguero-Gómez R, Jones OR, Archer CR, Bein C, de Buhr H, Farack C, Gottschalk F, Hartmann A, Henning A, Hoppe G, Römer G, Ruoff T, Sommer V, Wille J, Voigt J, Zeh S, Vieregg D, Buckley YM, Che-Castaldo J, Hodgson D, Scheuerlein A, Caswell H, Vaupel JW. COMADRE: a global data base of animal demography. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:371-84. [PMID: 26814420 PMCID: PMC4819704 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The open‐data scientific philosophy is being widely adopted and proving to promote considerable progress in ecology and evolution. Open‐data global data bases now exist on animal migration, species distribution, conservation status, etc. However, a gap exists for data on population dynamics spanning the rich diversity of the animal kingdom world‐wide. This information is fundamental to our understanding of the conditions that have shaped variation in animal life histories and their relationships with the environment, as well as the determinants of invasion and extinction. Matrix population models (MPMs) are among the most widely used demographic tools by animal ecologists. MPMs project population dynamics based on the reproduction, survival and development of individuals in a population over their life cycle. The outputs from MPMs have direct biological interpretations, facilitating comparisons among animal species as different as Caenorhabditis elegans, Loxodonta africana and Homo sapiens. Thousands of animal demographic records exist in the form of MPMs, but they are dispersed throughout the literature, rendering comparative analyses difficult. Here, we introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, an open‐data online repository, which in its version 1.0.0 contains data on 345 species world‐wide, from 402 studies with a total of 1625 population projection matrices. COMADRE also contains ancillary information (e.g. ecoregion, taxonomy, biogeography, etc.) that facilitates interpretation of the numerous demographic metrics that can be derived from its MPMs. We provide R code to some of these examples. Synthesis: We introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, a resource for animal demography. Its open‐data nature, together with its ancillary information, will facilitate comparative analysis, as will the growing availability of databases focusing on other aspects of the rich animal diversity, and tools to query and combine them. Through future frequent updates of COMADRE, and its integration with other online resources, we encourage animal ecologists to tackle global ecological and evolutionary questions with unprecedented sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salguero-Gómez
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Goddard building #8, St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Owen R Jones
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany.,MaxNetAging School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, DE-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Bein
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Hendrik de Buhr
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Claudia Farack
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Fränce Gottschalk
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Anne Henning
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hoppe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Gesa Römer
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Tara Ruoff
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Veronika Sommer
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Julia Wille
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Jakob Voigt
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeh
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Dirk Vieregg
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Goddard building #8, St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Zoology & Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Judy Che-Castaldo
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, 1 Park Place, Annapolis, MD, 21401, USA
| | - David Hodgson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Alexander Scheuerlein
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany
| | - Hal Caswell
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biology Department MS-34, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | - James W Vaupel
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Biodemography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, Rostock, DE-18057, Germany.,Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bunning H, Rapkin J, Belcher L, Archer CR, Jensen K, Hunt J. Protein and carbohydrate intake influence sperm number and fertility in male cockroaches, but not sperm viability. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2144. [PMID: 25608881 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that because males produce many, tiny sperm, they are cheap to produce. Recent work, however, suggests that sperm production is not cost-free. If sperm are costly to produce, sperm number and/or viability should be influenced by diet, and this has been documented in numerous species. Yet few studies have examined the exact nutrients responsible for mediating these effects. Here, we quantify the effects of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on sperm number and viability in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea, as well as the consequences for male fertility. We found the intake of P and C influenced sperm number, being maximized at a high intake of diets with a P : C ratio of 1 : 2, but not sperm viability. The nutritional landscapes for male fertility and sperm number were closely aligned, suggesting that sperm number is the major determinant of male fertility in N. cinerea. Under dietary choice, males regulate nutrient intake at a P : C ratio of 1 : 4.95, which is midway between the ratios needed to maximize sperm production and pre-copulatory attractiveness in this species. This raises the possibility that males regulate nutrient intake to balance the trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Bunning
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Laurence Belcher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Gardner Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Archer CR, Hempenstall S, Royle NJ, Selman C, Willis S, Rapkin J, Blount JD, Hunt J. Testing the Effects of DL-Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation on Oxidative Damage, Total Antioxidant Protection and the Sex-Specific Responses of Reproductive Effort and Lifespan to Dietary Manipulation in Australian Field Crickets (Teleogryllus commodus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:768-92. [PMID: 26783958 PMCID: PMC4712936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress theory predicts that the accumulation of oxidative damage causes aging. More generally, oxidative damage could be a cost of reproduction that reduces survival. Both of these hypotheses have mixed empirical support. To better understand the life-history consequences of oxidative damage, we fed male and female Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) four diets differing in their protein and carbohydrate content, which have sex-specific effects on reproductive effort and lifespan. We supplemented half of these crickets with the vitamin E isoform DL-alpha-tocopherol and measured the effects of nutrient intake on lifespan, reproduction, oxidative damage and antioxidant protection. We found a clear trade-off between reproductive effort and lifespan in females but not in males. In direct contrast to the oxidative stress theory, crickets fed diets that improved their lifespan had high levels of oxidative damage to proteins. Supplementation with DL-alpha-tocopherol did not significantly improve lifespan or reproductive effort. However, males fed diets that increased their reproductive investment experienced high oxidative damage to proteins. While this suggests that male reproductive effort could elevate oxidative damage, this was not associated with reduced male survival. Overall, these results provide little evidence that oxidative damage plays a central role in mediating life-history trade-offs in T. commodus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Max Planck Research Group, Laboratory of Survival and Longevity, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- MaxNetAging School, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Sarah Hempenstall
- Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S4-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nick J Royle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Sheridan Willis
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Jon D Blount
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Okada K, Archer CR, Katsuki M, Suzaki Y, Sharma MD, House CM, Hosken DJ. Polyandry and fitness in female horned flour beetles, Gnatocerus cornutus. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Archer CR, Köhler A, Pirk CWW, Oosthuizen V, Apostolides Z, Nicolson SW. Antioxidant supplementation can reduce the survival costs of excess amino acid intake in honeybees. J Insect Physiol 2014; 71:78-86. [PMID: 25450562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over-consuming amino acids is associated with reduced survival in many species, including honeybees. The mechanisms responsible for this are unclear but one possibility is that excessive intake of amino acids increases oxidative damage. If this is the case, antioxidant supplementation may help reduce the survival costs of high amino acid intake. We tested this hypothesis in African honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata) using the major antioxidant in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). We first determined the dose-range of EGCG that improved survival of caged honeybees fed sucrose solution. We then provided bees with eight diets that differed in their ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to carbohydrate (C) (0:1, 1:250, 1:100, 1:75, 1:50, 1:25, 1:10, 1:5 EAA:C) and also in their EGCG dose (0.0 or 0.4 mM). We found that bees fed sucrose only solution survived better than bees fed EAA diets. Despite this, bees preferred a diet that contained intermediate ratios of EAA:C (ca. 1:25), which may represent the high demands for nitrogen of developing nurse bees. EGCG supplementation improved honeybee survival but only at an intermediate dose (0.3-0.5 mM) and in bees fed low EAA diets (1:250, 1:100 EAA:C). That EGCG counteracted the lifespan reducing effects of eating low EAA diets suggests that oxidative damage may be involved in the association between EAAs and lifespan in honeybees. However, that EGCG had no effect on survival in bees fed high EAA diets suggests that there are other physiological costs of over-consuming EAAs in honeybees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth Archer
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Angela Köhler
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Christian W W Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Vinette Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Susan W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Archer CR, Duffy E, Hosken DJ, Mokkonen M, Okada K, Oku K, Sharma MD, Hunt J. Sex‐specific effects of natural and sexual selection on the evolution of life span and ageing in
Drosophila simulans. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Max Planck Research Group Modelling the Evolution of Ageing Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad‐Zuse‐Str. 1 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Eoin Duffy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Institute of Environmental Science Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 730‐387 Krakow Poland
| | - David J. Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
| | - Mikael Mokkonen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 (YA)FI‐40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology Graduate School of Environmental Sciences Okayama University Tsushima‐naka 1‐1‐1Okayama Japan
| | - Keiko Oku
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University P.O. Box 80316700 EH Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Manmohan D. Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn CampusTR10 9EZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Human H, Archer CR, du Rand EE, Pirk CWW, Nicolson SW. Resistance of developing honeybee larvae during chronic exposure to dietary nicotine. J Insect Physiol 2014; 69:74-79. [PMID: 24819201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pesticides on honeybee larvae are less understood than for adult bees, even though larvae are chronically exposed to pesticide residues that accumulate in comb and food stores in the hive. We investigated how exposure to a plant alkaloid, nicotine, affects survival, growth and body composition of honeybee larvae. Larvae of Apis mellifera scutellata were reared in vitro and fed throughout development on standard diets with nicotine included at concentrations from 0 to 1000μg/100g diet. Overall mortality across all nicotine treatments was low, averaging 9.8% at the prepupal stage and 18.1% at the white-eyed pupal stage, but survival was significantly reduced by nicotine. The mass of prepupae and white-eyed pupae was not affected by nicotine. In terms of body composition, nicotine affected water content but did not influence either protein or lipid stores of white-eyed pupae. We attribute the absence of consistent negative effects of dietary nicotine to detoxification mechanisms in developing honeybees, which enable them to resist both natural and synthetic xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Human
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - C R Archer
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - E E du Rand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - C W W Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - S W Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ruth Archer
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Christian W. W. Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Geraldine A. Wright
- Institute of Neuroscience; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Sue W. Nicolson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Dietary Restriction extends lifespan in a diverse range of animals, but this often comes at a cost to reproduction. While a number of molecular pathways integral to these relationships have been characterised, we still do not fully understand whether restriction of specific nutrients or calories is responsible. Two recent studies on insects have offered novel insights into this longstanding issue via the application of Nutritional Geometry. This technique promises to significantly advance our understanding of how nutrition influences reproduction and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn
| | - Nick Royle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn
| | - Sandra South
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn
| | - Colin Selman
- Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine serial mineral density changes in coralline hydroxyapatite orbital implants after implantation into the human socket. Prospective analysis by quantitative computed tomography determined the mineral density of hydroxyapatite orbital implants in five patients before and at two time intervals after implantation. Mineral density of the spheres increased an average of 135% after implantation (3-8 months) from preoperative measurements. The density continued to rise an average of 5% (range, -9%-16%) at the second postoperative period (22-39 months). Average follow-up was 30 months. The increased density in the nonevisceration patients was noted in the regions of the scleral windows and the exposed posterior implant where the cornea had been removed from the scleral wrap. The mineral density of hydroxyapatite spheres markedly increases after implantation. Approximately 2 to 3 years later, the densities continue to increase slightly in enucleation and secondary implant cases. An evisceration implant was the only implant to lose density. This study shows no decrease in the mineral density of orbital coralline hydroxyapatite enucleation implants, suggesting a lack of implant mineral resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Sires
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sires BS, Holds JB, Archer CR, Kincaid MC, Hageman GS. Histological and radiological analyses of hydroxyapatite orbital implants in rabbits. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1995; 11:273-7. [PMID: 8746819 DOI: 10.1097/00002341-199512000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To date, only anectodal clinical data exist pertaining to the histological changes of hydroxyapatite within an enucleated socket. This study was conducted to determine the histological and radiological changes in a coralline hydroxyapatite sphere placed into the central socket, in a controlled fashion. Rabbits underwent simple enucleation with implantation of an autologous sclera-wrapped hydroxyapatite spheres with extraocular muscle reattachment. Preoperatively, the mineral density of each sphere was determined using quantitative computed tomography (CT) that was repeated 2- and 6 weeks postoperatively. The implants were harvested at 2- and 6 weeks and submitted for light and electron microscopic analysis. The results demonstrated a uniform influx of fibrovascular tissue that did not reach the center of the implant, even at 6 weeks. A marked mixed-cell inflammatory response was noted at the interface between the fibrovascular tissue and the hydroxyapatite. Giant cells were noted only at the scleral windows. This study demonstrated that the early response to hydroxyapatite implants was fibrovascular ingrowth with mixed-cell inflammation. These histological observations correlated with findings observed with quantitative CT. Quantitative CT appears to be an ideal modality for observing the early temporal tissue density changes in hydroxyapatite implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Sires
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sires BS, Holds JB, Archer CR. Variability of mineral density in coralline hydroxyapatite spheres: study by quantitative computed tomography. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 9:250-3. [PMID: 8305371 DOI: 10.1097/00002341-199312000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative computed tomography (qCT) can be employed to determine the mineral density (MD) of bone or similar mineralized alloplastic materials with high precision. Porous spheres made from coralline hydroxyapatite are currently used for reconstruction after enucleation procedures. The long-term fate of these implants is unknown. Using qCT, MD was determined in hydroxyapatite spheres prior to implantation. Intersphere MD varied up to 200% with a near Gaussian distribution. Intrasphere MD did not vary significantly when comparing central to peripheral sites. The density of coralline hydroxyapatite spheres was approximately 400% greater than the density of newly formed endochondral bone. This study demonstrates that qCT data were an invaluable tool for MD determination, detecting a marked variability in hydroxyapatite MDs. Because the long-term fate of these implants is unknown and fibrovascular ingrowth is an important event in the integration of these implants, monitoring of MDs of coralline hydroxyapatite implants is of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Sires
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63110
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bitar SR, Selhorst JB, Archer CR. Epidermoid-induced pulsating eye. Ann Ophthalmol 1993; 25:45-9. [PMID: 8447647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An otherwise asymptomatic 62-year-old woman had a pulsating but not proptotic eye. Computed tomography showed a low-density mass lesion in the temporal lobe that extended through a defective greater wing of the sphenoid, indented the lateral rectus muscle, and displaced the optic nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed these findings and showed no enhancement of the lesion by gadolinium. An epidermoid cyst was diagnosed on the basis of its location in the cleavage lines of the temporal lobe, irregular margins, low density by imaging scans, lack of enhancement, and invasion of the orbit. Epidermoid tumors are, therefore, another cause for a pulsating eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Bitar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The clinical and radiographic features of cerebral deep venous thrombosis in a 21-year-old white woman are presented. This nulliparous patient presented with relatively mild clinical symptoms and progressing mental status changes. The only known risk factor was "low-dose" oral contraceptive pills. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed increased signal intensity from the internal cerebral veins, vein of Galen, and straight sinus. The diagnosis was confirmed by arterial angiography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Granato
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University Hospital, Missouri 63104
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cooper MH, Archer CR, Kveton JF. Correlation of high resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of the temporal bone. Part III. Cochlear and vestibular aqueducts. Am J Otol 1989; 10:272-6. [PMID: 2801891 DOI: 10.1097/00129492-198907000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gross anatomic sections of isolated temporal bones (TB) were compared with high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans obtained utilizing contiguous 1.5-mm thick slices in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Each TB was then sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to those of the CT scans. Both the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts were best visualized in the coronal plane; the transaxial plane proved less reliable and the sagittal plane was not useful at all. The cochlear aqueduct in the coronal plane appears as a funnel-shaped configuration with its widest portion opening into the subarachnoid space. The vestibular aqueduct at its opening into the epidural space is well visualized in the coronal plane, and as it traverses the bone toward the vestibule it appears as an oval to spherical lucency, whereas in transaxial sections it is seen as a small longitudinal lucency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Cooper
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63110
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Contrary to what is frequently stated in the literature, preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is important. Surgery limited to removal of the adenoma is associated with significantly less morbidity than when bilateral exploration is undertaken. In fact, a 2 to 12 fold decrease in post-operative hypocalcemia has been reported when the surgical exploration is unilateral. Pre-operative CT scans localized 10 of 13 surgically proven adenomas for an overall detection rate of 77%. Only one adenoma in our series had an average axial diameter of greater than 1 cm, the smallest measuring 5 mm X 3 mm. This paper outlines our CT technique and results and summarizes the pertinent recent surgical literature in reference to the importance of preoperative localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Awwad
- University Hospital, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
A 33-month-old boy with recurrent stroke-like episodes had angiographic features characteristic of moyamoya syndrome. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was suspected because of lactic acidosis and ptosis. Studies of oxidative metabolism on isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria revealed impairment of NADH-coenzyme Q reductase activity. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders may cause moyamoya syndrome when other known associated factors are absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kotagal
- Department of Neurology, St. Louis University Medical Center, MO 63110
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Archer CR, Cooper MH, Kveton JF. Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of the temporal bone: II. Vestibular apparatus. Am J Otol 1988; 9:276-81. [PMID: 3263051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography (CT) of isolated temporal bones was performed in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes at 1.5-mm intervals. The temporal bones were then sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to the CT scans. The structures making up the vestibular apparatus were identified, and the planes in which each is best visualized were selected for the illustrations. The vestibule, oval window, tympanic cavity, and tympanic portion of the facial nerve are best seen in the transaxial and coronal planes; the arch of the superior semicircular canal in the transaxial plane and its limbs in the coronal plane; the arch of the posterior semicircular canal in the coronal and sagittal planes and its limbs in the transaxial plane; and the common crus in the sagittal plane. The horseshoe-shaped lateral semicircular canal is displayed in the transaxial plane, and the relationship of its lateral limb to the tympanic segment of the facial nerve is best demonstrated in the sagittal plane. The ampullae of all three canals can be appreciated equally well in all three planes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Archer
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri 63104
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The surgery of hyperparathyroidism can be technically very difficult, even for an experienced surgeon. Until the present decade, preoperative localization procedures were of little help because of poor resolution of imaging modalities, significant morbidity, and the cost of invasive procedures. The efficacy of preoperative high-resolution CT scanning was evaluated in ten patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who had not previously been operated on. Contrast and noncontrast scans were performed on each patient, under the supervision of an experienced radiologist. Surgical findings were the standard against which all CT scans were judged. Each patient was diagnosed as having a single adenoma. Preoperative scans localized eight of ten adenomas for an overall sensitivity of 80 percent. In one patient, the adenoma was incorrectly localized for a specificity of 89 percent. The smallest adenoma correctly localized measured 4 x 4 mm in its axial dimensions. In addition to shortening operative time, accurate preoperative localization permitted use of unilateral dissection technique. Recent literature has repeatedly proved unilateral dissection superior to bilateral dissection by production of identical cure rates and a 2- to 12-fold decrease in postoperative hypocalcemia. We suggest that CT scanning be considered in the routine preoperative workup of patients who have primary hyperparathyroid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Krebs
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cooper MH, Archer CR, Kveton JF. Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of the temporal bone: Part I. The facial nerve. Am J Otol 1987; 8:375-84. [PMID: 3688197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Detailed anatomic analysis of the human temporal bone has been made possible by correlating high-resolution computed tomography (CT) with gross anatomic sections. Serial CT scans of isolated temporal bones were obtained in the transaxial (horizontal), coronal, and sagittal planes at 1.5-mm intervals. The temporal bone was sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to the CT scans. Based on a correlation of these sections, the facial nerve canal was divided into four segments and the planes in which each is best observed are described and illustrated. The first segment in the internal auditory canal is best visualized in the sagittal plane, the labyrinthine segment and geniculate ganglion in the coronal and transaxial planes, the tympanic portion in the sagittal plane, the genu, between the tympanic and mastoid portion, in the sagittal plane, and the mastoid portion and the stylomastoid foramen in the coronal and sagittal planes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Cooper
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104
| | | | | |
Collapse
|