1
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Gallego I, Narwani A. Ecology and evolution of competitive trait variation in natural phytoplankton communities under selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2397-2409. [PMID: 36166001 PMCID: PMC9828480 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Competition for limited resources is a major force in structuring ecological communities. Species minimum resource requirements (R*s) can predict competitive outcomes and evolve under selection in simple communities under controlled conditions. However, whether R*s predict competitive outcomes or demonstrate adaptive evolution in naturally complex communities is unknown. We subjected natural phytoplankton communities to three types of resource limitation (nitrogen, phosphorus, light) in outdoor mesocosms over 10 weeks. We examined the community composition weekly and isolated 21 phytoplankton strains from seven species to quantify responses to the selection of R* for these resources. We investigated the evolutionary change in R*s in the dominant species, Desmodesmus armatus. R*s were good predictors of species changes in relative abundance, though this was largely driven by the success of D. armatus across several treatments. This species also demonstrated an evolutionary change in R*s under resource limitation, supporting the potential for adaptive trait change to modify competitive outcomes in natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gallego
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)DübendorfSwitzerland
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2
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Barbosa da Costa N, Fugère V, Hébert MP, Xu CCY, Barrett RDH, Beisner BE, Bell G, Yargeau V, Fussmann GF, Gonzalez A, Shapiro BJ. Resistance, resilience, and functional redundancy of freshwater bacterioplankton communities facing a gradient of agricultural stressors in a mesocosm experiment. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4771-4788. [PMID: 34324752 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pollution with fertilizers and pesticides is a common disturbance to freshwater biodiversity. Bacterioplankton communities are at the base of aquatic food webs, but their responses to these potentially interacting stressors are rarely explored. To test the extent of resistance and resilience in bacterioplankton communities faced with agricultural stressors, we exposed freshwater mesocosms to single and combined gradients of two commonly used pesticides: the herbicide glyphosate (0-15 mg/L) and the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (0-60 μg/L), in high or low nutrient backgrounds. Over the 43-day experiment, we tracked variation in bacterial density with flow cytometry, carbon substrate use with Biolog EcoPlates, and taxonomic diversity and composition with environmental 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We show that only glyphosate (at the highest dose, 15 mg/L), but not imidacloprid, nutrients, or their interactions measurably changed community structure, favouring members of the Proteobacteria including the genus Agrobacterium. However, no change in carbon substrate use was detected throughout, suggesting functional redundancy despite taxonomic changes. We further show that communities are resilient at broad, but not fine taxonomic levels: 24 days after glyphosate application the precise amplicon sequence variants do not return, and tend to be replaced by phylogenetically close taxa. We conclude that high doses of glyphosate - but still within commonly acceptable regulatory guidelines - alter freshwater bacterioplankton by favouring a subset of higher taxonomic units (i.e., genus to phylum) that transiently thrive in the presence of glyphosate. Longer-term impacts of glyphosate at finer taxonomic resolution merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naíla Barbosa da Costa
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Hébert
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles C Y Xu
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Graham Bell
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et environnement aquatique (GRIL), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science (QCBS), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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van Moorsel SJ, Marleau JN, Negrín Dastis JO, Bazerghi C, Fugère V, Petchey OL, Gonzalez A. Prior exposure to stress allows the maintenance of an ecosystem cycle following severe acidification. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia J. van Moorsel
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zurich Switzerland
| | - Justin N. Marleau
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
| | - Jorge O. Negrín Dastis
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
| | - Charles Bazerghi
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
- Dept of Environmental Sciences, Univ. de Quebec à Trois‐Rivières (UQTR) Trois‐Rivières QC Canada
| | - Owen L. Petchey
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
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4
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Matthews B, Jokela J, Narwani A, Räsänen K, Pomati F, Altermatt F, Spaak P, Robinson CT, Vorburger C. On biological evolution and environmental solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138194. [PMID: 32251887 PMCID: PMC7118648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drawing insights from multiple disciplines is essential for finding integrative solutions that are required to tackle complex environmental problems. Human activities are causing unprecedented influence on global ecosystems, culminating in the loss of species and fundamental changes in the selective environments of organisms across the tree of life. Our collective understanding about biological evolution can help identify and mitigate many of the environmental problems in the Anthropocene. To this end, we propose a stronger integration of environmental sciences with evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Matthews
- EAWAG, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jukka Jokela
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Räsänen
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Vorburger
- EAWAG, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Fugère V, Hébert MP, da Costa NB, Xu CCY, Barrett RDH, Beisner BE, Bell G, Fussmann GF, Shapiro BJ, Yargeau V, Gonzalez A. Community rescue in experimental phytoplankton communities facing severe herbicide pollution. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:578-588. [PMID: 32123321 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Community rescue occurs when ecological or evolutionary processes restore positive growth in a highly stressful environment that was lethal to the community in its ancestral form, thus averting biomass collapse in a deteriorating environment. Laboratory evidence suggests that community rescue is most likely in high-biomass communities that have previously experienced moderate doses of sublethal stress. We assessed this result under more natural conditions, in a mesocosm experiment with phytoplankton communities exposed to the ubiquitous herbicide glyphosate. We tested whether community biomass and prior herbicide exposure would facilitate community rescue after severe contamination. We found that prior exposure to glyphosate was a very strong predictor of the rescue outcome, while high community biomass was not. Furthermore, although glyphosate had negative effects on diversity, it did not influence community composition significantly, suggesting a modest role for genus sorting in this rescue process. Our results expand the scope of community rescue theory to complex ecosystems and confirm that prior stress exposure is a key predictor of rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fugère
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie-Pier Hébert
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Charles C Y Xu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Graham Bell
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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6
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Bell G, Fugère V, Barrett R, Beisner B, Cristescu M, Fussmann G, Shapiro J, Gonzalez A. Trophic structure modulates community rescue following acidification. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190856. [PMID: 31185868 PMCID: PMC6571482 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Community rescue occurs when a community that experiences lethal stress persists only through the spread of rare types, either genotypes or species, resistant to the stress. Rescue interacts with trophic structure because physical stress experienced by a focal assemblage within the community may also be experienced by its predators and prey. In general, trophic structure will facilitate rescue only when a stress has a less severe effect on a focal assemblage than on its predators. In other circumstances, when stress affects prey or has only a weak effect on predators, trophic structure is likely to hamper rescue. We exposed a community of phytoplankton and zooplankton derived from a natural lake to acidification in outdoor mesocosms large enough to support trophically complex communities. Rescue of the phytoplankton from severe acidification was facilitated by prior exposure to sublethal stress, confirming previous results from microcosm experiments. Even communities that have previously been less highly stressed were eventually rescued, however, because their zooplankton predators were more sensitive to acidification and became extinct. Our experiment shows how community rescue following severe stress is modulated by the differential effect of the stress relative to trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Bell
- 1 Biology Department, McGill University , 1205 ave docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 1B1.,3 Redpath Museum, McGill University , 859 rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 0C4
| | - Vincent Fugère
- 1 Biology Department, McGill University , 1205 ave docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 1B1.,2 Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal , 141 ave du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Rowan Barrett
- 3 Redpath Museum, McGill University , 859 rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 0C4
| | - Beatrix Beisner
- 2 Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal , 141 ave du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Melania Cristescu
- 1 Biology Department, McGill University , 1205 ave docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Gregor Fussmann
- 1 Biology Department, McGill University , 1205 ave docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Jesse Shapiro
- 4 Département de sciences biologiques, Pavillon Marie-Victorin , 90 ave Vincent-d'Indy, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H2 V 2S9
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- 1 Biology Department, McGill University , 1205 ave docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec , Canada H3A 1B1
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