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García-Ruiz I, Taborsky M. Nepotism mediates enforced cooperation in asymmetric negotiations. iScience 2024; 27:110334. [PMID: 39100926 PMCID: PMC11295936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In cooperative societies, group members typically exchange different commodities among each other, which involves an incessant negotiation process. How is the conflict of fitness interests resolved in this continual bargaining process between unequal partners, so that maintaining the cooperative interaction is the best option for all parties involved? Theory predicts that relatedness between group members may alleviate the conflict of fitness interests, thereby promoting the evolution of cooperation. To evaluate the relative importance of relatedness and direct fitness effects in the negotiation process, we experimentally manipulated both the relatedness and mutual behavioral responses of dominant breeders and subordinate helpers in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher. Results show that coercion by breeders is crucial for the performance of alloparental egg care by helpers, but that kinship significantly decreases the need for coercion as predicted by theory. This illustrates the relative importance of kinship and enforcement in the bargaining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Ruiz
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Institute for Advanced Study (Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin), 14193 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Benvenuto C, Lorenzi MC. Social regulation of reproduction: control or signal? Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1028-1040. [PMID: 37385846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, dominant breeders have been considered to be able to control the reproduction of other individuals in multimember groups that have high variance in reproductive success/reproductive skew (e.g., forced sterility/coercion of conspecifics in eusocial animals; sex-change suppression in sequential hermaphrodites). These actions are typically presented as active impositions by reproductively dominant individuals. However, how can individuals regulate the reproductive physiology of others? Alternatively, all contestants make reproductive decisions, and less successful individuals self-downregulate reproduction in the presence of dominant breeders. Shifting perspective from a top-down manipulation to a broader view, which includes all contenders, and using a multitaxon approach, we propose a unifying framework for the resolution of reproductive skew conflicts based on signalling rather than control, along a continuum of levels of strategic regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Benvenuto
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
| | - Maria Cristina Lorenzi
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
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3
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Gendron ME, Buston PM. Review of housing and husbandry of anemonefishes for use in research. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:924-938. [PMID: 37354451 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Anemonefishes of the genus Amphiprion are emerging as a model organism for marine science, so there is potentially a lot for the research community to gain by optimizing and standardizing housing and husbandry protocols. Here, we conducted a literature review and a questionnaire survey regarding the housing and husbandry of anemonefishes for use in research. The questionnaire survey was completed by 27 laboratories, with a 45% response rate, across 11 different countries in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Results from the literature review identified that housing and husbandry protocols varied widely in terms of tank volume, diet composition and lighting type for the housing of broodstock pairs. These results also emphasize the significant impacts that variation in housing and husbandry protocols have on fish. Results from the questionnaire survey confirmed this. We identified multiple opportunities for improvement of protocols, including the potential for exchange of larvae between laboratories to create strains and reduce pressure on natural populations. In conclusion, our research suggests that the anemonefish research community should be discussing the optimization and standardization of housing and husbandry or, minimally, recognizing that housing and husbandry influence a wide range of traits and will influence the results and conclusions drawn from experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Gendron
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Mitchell LJ, Cortesi F, Marshall NJ, Cheney KL. Higher ultraviolet skin reflectance signals submissiveness in the anemonefish, Amphiprion akindynos. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:19-32. [PMID: 36789393 PMCID: PMC9918861 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) vision is widespread among teleost fishes, of which many exhibit UV skin colors for communication. However, aside from its role in mate selection, few studies have examined the information UV signaling conveys in other socio-behavioral contexts. Anemonefishes (subfamily, Amphiprioninae) live in a fascinating dominance hierarchy, in which a large female and male dominate over non-breeding subordinates, and body size is the primary cue for dominance. The iconic orange and white bars of anemonefishes are highly UV-reflective, and their color vision is well tuned to perceive the chromatic contrast of skin, which we show here decreases in the amount of UV reflectance with increasing social rank. To test the function of their UV-skin signals, we compared the outcomes of staged contests over dominance between size-matched Barrier Reef anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos) in aquarium chambers viewed under different UV-absorbing filters. Fish under UV-blocking filters were more likely to win contests, where fish under no-filter or neutral-density filter were more likely to submit. For contests between fish in no-filter and neutral density filter treatments, light treatment had no effect on contest outcome (win/lose). We also show that sub-adults were more aggressive toward smaller juveniles placed under a UV filter than a neutral density filter. Taken together, our results show that UV reflectance or UV contrast in anemonefish can modulate aggression and encode dominant and submissive cues, when changes in overall intensity are controlled for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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5
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Deverchère P, Vauclair S, Bosch G, Moulherat S, Cornuau JH. Towards an absolute light pollution indicator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17050. [PMID: 36220856 PMCID: PMC9554189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing concern about the negative impact of artificial light at night on biodiversity and human health increases the need of defining a general indicator that could be used for characterizing light pollution as well as performing both spatial and temporal comparisons. In this paper, we show that the traditional indicators based on direct numerical measurements of sky brightness suffer from significant limitation due to calibration bias and lack of reproducibility. Furthermore, these measures are most often performed in periods of clear sky. They do not reflect the wide variety of meteorological conditions that can produce highly inhomogeneous levels of light pollution on a given site. To overcome these issues, we propose a statistical indicator called NSB Dispersion Ratio. This indicator is derived from a statistically significant number of individual night sky brightness measurements, under various meteorological conditions. It is independent of any absolute photometer calibration. It only requires on-time precise corrections of the contribution of natural light sources such as the Galactic plane.
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6
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Social rank and species-specific differences influence cooperation and conflict in anemonefish societies. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Barbasch TA, Branconi R, Francis R, Pacaro M, Srinivasan M, Jones GP, Buston PM. Negotiations over parental care: a test of alternative hypotheses in the clown anemonefish. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In species with biparental care, conflict arises over how much each parent provides to their offspring because both parents benefit from shifting the burden of care to the other. Here, we tested alternative hypotheses for how parents will negotiate offspring care using a wild population of clownfish (Amphiprion percula). We experimentally handicapped parents by fin-clipping the female in 23 groups, the male in 23 groups, and neither parent in 23 groups and measured changes in indicators of female, male, and pair effort in response to handicapping. First, we found that handicapping resulted in a decrease in the number of eggs laid by fin-clipped females and a decrease in the amount of parental care by fin-clipped males. Second, contrary to predictions, female effort did not change in response to the male being handicapped, or vice versa. Finally, the number of embryos that matured to hatching, an indicator of pair effort, was not influenced by the manipulation, suggesting that although the handicap was effective, clownfish do not face the predicted “cost to conflict” when one parent is handicapped. Together, these results test the generality of theoretical predictions and uncover novel questions about whether and how negotiations operate in systems where interests are aligned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A Barbasch
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Branconi
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin Francis
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madison Pacaro
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Mazzei R, Rubenstein DR. Larval ecology, dispersal, and the evolution of sociality in the sea. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mazzei
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Dustin R. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
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9
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Branconi R, Barbasch TA, Francis RK, Srinivasan M, Jones GP, Buston PM. Ecological and social constraints combine to promote evolution of non-breeding strategies in clownfish. Commun Biol 2020; 3:649. [PMID: 33159133 PMCID: PMC7648053 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals that forgo their own reproduction in animal societies represent an evolutionary paradox because it is not immediately apparent how natural selection can preserve the genes that underlie non-breeding strategies. Cooperative breeding theory provides a solution to the paradox: non-breeders benefit by helping relatives and/or inheriting breeding positions; non-breeders do not disperse to breed elsewhere because of ecological constraints. However, the question of why non-breeders do not contest to breed within their group has rarely been addressed. Here, we use a wild population of clownfish (Amphiprion percula), where non-breeders wait peacefully for years to inherit breeding positions, to show non-breeders will disperse when ecological constraints (risk of mortality during dispersal) are experimentally weakened. In addition, we show non-breeders will contest when social constraints (risk of eviction during contest) are experimentally relaxed. Our results show it is the combination of ecological and social constraints that promote the evolution of non-breeding strategies. The findings highlight parallels between, and potential for fruitful exchange between, cooperative breeding theory and economic bargaining theory: individuals will forgo their own reproduction and wait peacefully to inherit breeding positions (engage in cooperative options) when there are harsh ecological constraints (poor outside options) and harsh social constraints (poor inside options).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Branconi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall 101, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Tina A Barbasch
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall 101, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Robin K Francis
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall 101, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall 101, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Roux N, Salis P, Lee SH, Besseau L, Laudet V. Anemonefish, a model for Eco-Evo-Devo. EvoDevo 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 33042514 PMCID: PMC7539381 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-020-00166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemonefish, are a group of about 30 species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) that have long aroused the interest of coral reef fish ecologists. Combining a series of original biological traits and practical features in their breeding that are described in this paper, anemonefish are now emerging as an experimental system of interest for developmental biology, ecology and evolutionary sciences. They are small sized and relatively easy to breed in specific husbandries, unlike the large-sized marine fish used for aquaculture. Because they live in highly structured social groups in sea anemones, anemonefish allow addressing a series of relevant scientific questions such as the social control of growth and sex change, the mechanisms controlling symbiosis, the establishment and variation of complex color patterns, and the regulation of aging. Combined with the use of behavioral experiments, that can be performed in the lab or directly in the wild, as well as functional genetics and genomics, anemonefish provide an attractive experimental system for Eco-Evo-Devo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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11
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Barbasch TA, Rueger T, Srinivasan M, Wong MYL, Jones GP, Buston PM. Substantial plasticity of reproduction and parental care in response to local resource availability in a wild clownfish population. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Rueger
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Peter M. Buston
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
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12
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Rueger T, Barbasch TA, Wong MYL, Srinivasan M, Jones GP, Buston PM. Reproductive control via the threat of eviction in the clown anemonefish. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181295. [PMID: 30464062 PMCID: PMC6253369 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In social groups, high reproductive skew is predicted to arise when the reproductive output of a group is limited, and dominant individuals can suppress subordinate reproductive efforts. Reproductive suppression is often assumed to occur via overt aggression or the threat of eviction. It is unclear, however, whether the threat of eviction alone is sufficient to induce reproductive restraint by subordinates. Here, we test two assumptions of the restraint model of reproductive skew by investigating whether resource limitation generates reproductive competition and whether the threat of eviction leads to reproductive restraint in the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula First, we use a feeding experiment to test whether reproduction is resource limited, which would create an incentive for the dominant pair to suppress subordinate reproduction. We show that the number of eggs laid increased in the population over the study period, but the per cent increase in fed groups was more than twice that in unfed groups (205% and 78%, respectively). Second, we use an eviction experiment to test whether the dominant pair evicts mature subordinates, which would create an incentive for the subordinates to forgo reproduction. We show that mature subordinates are seven times more likely to be evicted than immature subordinates of the same size. In summary, we provide experimental support for the assumptions of the restraint model by showing that resource limitation creates reproductive competition and a credible threat of eviction helps explain why subordinates forego reproduction. Transactional models of reproductive skew may apply well to this and other simple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rueger
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - T A Barbasch
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Y L Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Srinivasan
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - G P Jones
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - P M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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