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Wang L, Liu Y, Guo R, Zhang L, Liu L, Hua S. The paradigm of tax-reward and tax-punishment strategies in the advancement of public resource management dynamics. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240182. [PMID: 38864335 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary society, the effective utilization of public resources remains a subject of significant concern. A common issue arises from defectors seeking to obtain an excessive share of these resources for personal gain, potentially leading to resource depletion. To mitigate this tragedy and ensure sustainable development of resources, implementing mechanisms to either reward those who adhere to distribution rules or penalize those who do not, appears advantageous. We introduce two models: a tax-reward model and a tax-punishment model, to address this issue. Our analysis reveals that in the tax-reward model, the evolutionary trajectory of the system is influenced not only by the tax revenue collected but also by the natural growth rate of the resources. Conversely, the tax-punishment model exhibits distinct characteristics when compared with the tax-reward model, notably the potential for bistability. In such scenarios, the selection of initial conditions is critical, as it can determine the system's path. Furthermore, our study identifies instances where the system lacks stable points, exemplified by a limit cycle phenomenon, underscoring the complexity and dynamism inherent in managing public resources using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Liu
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqiang Guo
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Liu
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Hua
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
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Barnes ML, Jasny L, Bauman A, Ben J, Berardo R, Bodin Ö, Cinner J, Feary DA, Guerrero AM, Januchowski‐Hartley FA, Kuange JT, Lau JD, Wang P, Zamborain‐Mason J. ‘Bunkering down’: How one community is tightening social‐ecological network structures in the face of global change. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Barnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Lorien Jasny
- Department of Politics University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Andrew Bauman
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale Florida USA
| | - Jon Ben
- Lae Morobe Province Papua New Guinea
| | - Ramiro Berardo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joshua Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | | | - Angela M. Guerrero
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - John T. Kuange
- The Wildlife Conservation Society Goroka Eastern Higlands Province Papua New Guinea
| | - Jacqueline D. Lau
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- WorldFish Batu Maung Penang Malaysia
| | - Peng Wang
- Centre for Transformative Innovation Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica Zamborain‐Mason
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- Department of Nutrition Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
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3
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Ringsmuth AK, Otto IM, van den Hurk B, Lahn G, Reyer CPO, Carter TR, Magnuszewski P, Monasterolo I, Aerts JCJH, Benzie M, Campiglio E, Fronzek S, Gaupp F, Jarzabek L, Klein RJT, Knaepen H, Mechler R, Mysiak J, Sillmann J, Stuparu D, West C. Lessons from COVID-19 for managing transboundary climate risks and building resilience. CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT 2022; 35:100395. [PMID: 35036298 PMCID: PMC8750828 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2022.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has revealed how challenging it is to manage global, systemic and compounding crises. Like COVID-19, climate change impacts, and maladaptive responses to them, have potential to disrupt societies at multiple scales via networks of trade, finance, mobility and communication, and to impact hardest on the most vulnerable. However, these complex systems can also facilitate resilience if managed effectively. This review aims to distil lessons related to the transboundary management of systemic risks from the COVID-19 experience, to inform climate change policy and resilience building. Evidence from diverse fields is synthesised to illustrate the nature of systemic risks and our evolving understanding of resilience. We describe research methods that aim to capture systemic complexity to inform better management practices and increase resilience to crises. Finally, we recommend specific, practical actions for improving transboundary climate risk management and resilience building. These include mapping the direct, cross-border and cross-sectoral impacts of potential climate extremes, adopting adaptive risk management strategies that embrace heterogenous decision-making and uncertainty, and taking a broader approach to resilience which elevates human wellbeing, including societal and ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Ringsmuth
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Brandhofgasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona M Otto
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Brandhofgasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Change Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Glada Lahn
- Chatham House (the Royal Institute of International Affairs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P O Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Change Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timothy R Carter
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piotr Magnuszewski
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schloßplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Centre for Systems Solutions, Jaracza 80b/10, 50-305 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Jeroen C J H Aerts
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1087JK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Benzie
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, 115 23 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Campiglio
- University of Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli 2, Bologna 40126, Italy, RFF-CMCC European Institute on Economics and the Environment (EIEE), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Via Bergognone, 34, Milano 20144, Italy
| | - Stefan Fronzek
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Franziska Gaupp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Change Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schloßplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Lukasz Jarzabek
- Centre for Systems Solutions, Jaracza 80b/10, 50-305 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Richard J T Klein
- Stockholm Environment Institute, P.O. Box 200818, 53138 Bonn, Germany
- Linköping University, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanne Knaepen
- European Centre for Development Policy Management, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Mechler
- International Institute for Advanced System Analysis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Mysiak
- Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change and University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via della Libertà 12, 30175 Venice, Italy
| | - Jana Sillmann
- Center for International Climate Research (CICERO), Pb. 1129 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Chris West
- Stockholm Environment Institute York, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
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Dynamics of collective action to conserve a large common-pool resource. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9208. [PMID: 33911093 PMCID: PMC8080682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A pressing challenge for coming decades is sustainable and just management of large-scale common-pool resources including the atmosphere, biodiversity and public services. This poses a difficult collective action problem because such resources may not show signs that usage restraint is needed until tragedy is almost inevitable. To solve this problem, a sufficient level of cooperation with a pro-conservation behavioural norm must be achieved, within the prevailing sociopolitical environment, in time for the action taken to be effective. Here we investigate the transient dynamics of behavioural change in an agent-based model on structured networks that are also exposed to a global external influence. We find that polarisation emerges naturally, even without bounded confidence, but that for rationally motivated agents, it is temporary. The speed of convergence to a final consensus is controlled by the rate at which the polarised clusters are dissolved. This depends strongly on the combination of external influences and the network topology. Both high connectivity and a favourable environment are needed to rapidly obtain final consensus.
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