1
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Jung S, Kim S, Shin S. Comparative transcriptomics suggests a potential realizator gene for carapace expansion in longtail tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus (Branchiopoda: Notostraca). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024. [PMID: 39169693 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The origin of morphological innovation has been extensively studied within evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). Recent studies have demonstrated that the developmental module for double-layered epithelial outgrowths is conserved between the insect wings and branchiopod crustacean carapace, thereby introducing homology among these diverse structures. However, evo-devo studies on the branchiopod crustacean carapace have been primarily limited to a single species, the water flea Daphnia magna, leaving the gene regulatory network governing carapace development not comprehensively understood. Furthermore, realizator genes downstream of the character identity mechanism (ChIM) for bilayered epithelial development remain inadequately described. In this study, we analyzed tissue-specific transcriptional profiles in the developing longtail tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. We observed significant upregulation of papilin in the carapace-bearing head, along with its expression in both the carapace and the trunk limb lobes. Based on these results, we hypothesize that differential expression of papilin is involved in the disproportional growth of Triops carapace. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the diversification of double-layered epithelial outgrowths across distant arthropod lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojun Kim
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggwan Shin
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hu Y, Crabtree JR, Macagno ALM, Moczek AP. Histone deacetylases regulate organ-specific growth in a horned beetle. EvoDevo 2024; 15:4. [PMID: 38575982 PMCID: PMC10996171 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-024-00223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrient availability is among the most widespread means by which environmental variability affects developmental outcomes. Because almost all cells within an individual organism share the same genome, structure-specific growth responses must result from changes in gene regulation. Earlier work suggested that histone deacetylases (HDACs) may serve as epigenetic regulators linking nutritional conditions to trait-specific development. Here we expand on this work by assessing the function of diverse HDACs in the structure-specific growth of both sex-shared and sex-specific traits including evolutionarily novel structures in the horned dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. RESULTS We identified five HDAC members whose downregulation yielded highly variable mortality depending on which HDAC member was targeted. We then show that HDAC1, 3, and 4 operate in both a gene- and trait-specific manner in the regulation of nutrition-responsiveness of appendage size and shape. Specifically, HDAC 1, 3, or 4 knockdown diminished wing size similarly while leg development was differentially affected by RNAi targeting HDAC3 and HDAC4. In addition, depletion of HDAC3 transcript resulted in a more rounded shape of genitalia at the pupal stage and decreased the length of adult aedeagus across all body sizes. Most importantly, we find that HDAC3 and HDAC4 pattern the morphology and regulate the scaling of evolutionarily novel head and thoracic horns as a function of nutritional variation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that both functional overlap and division of labor among HDAC members contribute to morphological diversification of both conventional and recently evolved appendages. More generally, our work raises the possibility that HDAC-mediated scaling relationships and their evolution may underpin morphological diversification within and across insect species broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Hu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jordan R Crabtree
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Anna L M Macagno
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, 2719 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Armin P Moczek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 915 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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3
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Liu BP, Hua BZ. Distinct roles of the Hox genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A in scorpionfly embryonic proleg development. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:69-80. [PMID: 37792400 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The abdominal appendages of larval insects have a complex evolutionary history of gain and loss, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the abdominal appendage development remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the embryogenesis of abdominal prolegs in the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) using in situ hybridization and parental RNA interference. The results show that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) led to a homeotic transformation of the first abdominal segment (A1) into the third thoracic segment (T3) and changed the distributions of the downstream target Distal-less (Dll) expression but did not affect the expression levels of Dll. Knockdown of abdominal-A (abd-A) resulted in malformed segments, abnormal prolegs and disrupted Dll expression. The results demonstrate that the gene Ubx maintains an ancestral role of modulating A1 appendage fate without preventing Dll initiation, and a secondary adaptation of abd-A evolves the ability to specify abdominal segments and proleg identity. We conclude that changes in abdominal Hox gene expression and their target genes regulate abdominal appendage morphology during the evolutionary course of holometabolous larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Molina-Gil S, Sotillos S, Espinosa-Vázquez JM, Almudi I, Hombría JCG. Interlocking of co-opted developmental gene networks in Drosophila and the evolution of pre-adaptive novelty. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5730. [PMID: 37714829 PMCID: PMC10504328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-use of genes in new organs forms the base of many evolutionary novelties. A well-characterised case is the recruitment of the posterior spiracle gene network to the Drosophila male genitalia. Here we find that this network has also been co-opted to the testis mesoderm where is required for sperm liberation, providing an example of sequentially repeated developmental co-options. Associated to this co-option event, an evolutionary expression novelty appeared, the activation of the posterior segment determinant Engrailed to the anterior A8 segment controlled by common testis and spiracle regulatory elements. Enhancer deletion shows that A8 anterior Engrailed activation is not required for spiracle development but only necessary in the testis. Our study presents an example of pre-adaptive developmental novelty: the activation of the Engrailed transcription factor in the anterior compartment of the A8 segment where, despite having no specific function, opens the possibility of this developmental factor acquiring one. We propose that recently co-opted networks become interlocked, so that any change to the network because of its function in one organ, will be mirrored by other organs even if it provides no selective advantage to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molina-Gil
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-JA-UPO Ctra. de Utrera, km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Málaga Biomedical Research Institute and Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology Platform, Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sol Sotillos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-JA-UPO Ctra. de Utrera, km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Espinosa-Vázquez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-JA-UPO Ctra. de Utrera, km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa. Campus de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Almudi
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-JA-UPO Ctra. de Utrera, km1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James C-G Hombría
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-JA-UPO Ctra. de Utrera, km1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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5
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Guo H, Liu XZ, Long GJ, Gong LL, Zhang MQ, Ma YF, Hull JJ, Dewer Y, He M, He P. Functional characterization of developmentally critical genes in the white-backed planthopper: Efficacy of nanoparticle-based dsRNA sprays for pest control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1048-1061. [PMID: 36325939 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), zinc finger homeodomain-2 (zfh-2), Abdominal-A (Abd-A), and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) regulate the growth and development of the insect abdomen. However, their potential roles in pest control have not been fully assessed. The development of insecticide resistance to multiple chemistries in the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), a major pest of rice, has prompted interest in novel pest control approaches that are ecologically friendly. Although pest management approaches based on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) have potential, their susceptibility to degradation limits large-scale field applications. These limitations, however, can be overcome with nanoparticle-dsRNA complexes that have greater environmental stability and improved cellular uptake. RESULTS In this study, at 5 days post-injection, transcripts for the four gene targets were reduced relative to controls and all of the experimental groups exhibited significant phenotypic defects and increased mortality. To evaluate the potential of these gene targets for field applications, a nanocarrier-dsRNA spray delivery system was assessed for RNAi efficacy. At 11 days post-spray, significant phenotypic defects and increased mortality were observed in all experimental groups. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results confirm the suitability of the target genes (SfEGFR, Sfzfh-2, SfAbd-A, and SfAbd-B) for pest management and demonstrate the efficacy of the nanocarrier spray system for inducing RNAi-mediated knockdown. As such, the study lays the foundation for the further development and optimization of this technology for large-scale field applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Jun Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lang-Lang Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Liu BP, Ding G, Miao Y, Hua BZ. The Hox gene Abdominal-B regulates the appendage development during the embryogenesis of scorpionflies. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:609-619. [PMID: 35575115 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Homeotic Complex (Hox) genes encode conserved homeodomain transcription factors that specify segment identity and appendage morphology along the antero-posterior axis in bilaterian animals. The Hox gene Abdominal-B (Abd-B) is mainly expressed in the posterior segments of the abdomen and plays an important role in insect organogenesis. In Mecoptera, the potential function of this gene remains unclear yet. Here, we performed a de novo transcriptome assembly and identified an Abd-B ortholog in the scorpionfly Panorpa liui. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR showed that Abd-B expression increased gradually in embryos 76 h post oviposition, and was mainly present in the more posterior abdominal segments. Embryonic RNA interference of Abd-B resulted in a set of abnormalities, including developmental arrest, malformed suckers and misspecification of posterior segment identity. These results suggest that Abd-B is required for the proper development of the posterior abdomen. Furthermore, in Abd-B RNAi embryos, the expression of the appendage marker Distal-less (Dll) was up-regulated and was additionally present on abdominal segments IX and X compared with wild embryos, suggesting that scorpionfly Abd-B may act to suppress proleg development and has gained the ability to repress Dll expression on the more posterior abdominal segments. This study provides additional information on both the functional and evolutionary roles of Abd-B across different insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
The evolution of wings and flight was key for the rise of insects. A new study finds that lateral extensions on the abdominal segments of primitive insect nymphs are the serial homologues of wings and probably helped control gliding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ross
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK.
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8
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Abdominal serial homologues of wings in Paleozoic insects. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3414-3422.e1. [PMID: 35772407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Late Paleozoic acquisition of wings in insects represents one of the key steps in arthropod evolution. While the origin of wings has been a contentious matter for nearly two centuries, recent evolutionary developmental studies suggest either the participation of both tergal and pleural tissues in the formation of wings1 or wings originated from exites of the most proximal leg podite incorporated into the insect body wall.2 The so-called "dual hypothesis" for wing origins finds support from studies of embryology, evo-devo, and genomics, although the degree of the presumed contribution from tergal and pleural tissues differ.3-6 Ohde et al.,7 confirmed a major role for tergal tissue in the formation of the cricket wing and suggested that "wings evolved from the pre-existing lateral terga of a wingless insect ancestor." Additional work has focused on identifying partial serially homologous structures of wings on the prothorax8,9 and abdominal segments.10 Thus, several studies have suggested that the prothoracic horns in scarab beetles,9 gin traps of tenebrionid and scarab beetle pupae,11,12 or abdominal tracheal gills of mayfly larvae1,13 evolved from serial homologues of wings. Here, we present critical information from abdominal lateral outgrowths (flaps) of Paleozoic palaeodictyopteran larvae, which show comparable structure to thoracic wings, consisting of cordate lateral outgrowths antero-basally hinged by muscle attachments. These flaps therefore most likely represent wing serial homologues. The presence of these paired outgrowths on abdominal segments I-IX in early diverging Pterygota likely corresponds to crustacean epipods14,15 and resembles a hypothesized ancestral body plan of a "protopterygote" model.
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DiFrisco J, Wagner GP, Love AC. Reframing research on evolutionary novelty and co-option: Character identity mechanisms versus deep homology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 145:3-12. [PMID: 35400563 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A central topic in research at the intersection of development and evolution is the origin of novel traits. Despite progress on understanding how developmental mechanisms underlie patterns of diversity in the history of life, the problem of novelty continues to challenge researchers. Here we argue that research on evolutionary novelty and the closely associated phenomenon of co-option can be reframed fruitfully by: (1) specifying a conceptual model of mechanisms that underwrite character identity, (2) providing a richer and more empirically precise notion of co-option that goes beyond common appeals to "deep homology", and (3) attending to the nature of experimental interventions that can determine whether and how the co-option of identity mechanisms can help to explain novel character origins. This reframing has the potential to channel future investigation to make substantive progress on the problem of evolutionary novelty. To illustrate this potential, we apply our reframing to two case studies: treehopper helmets and beetle horns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Günter P Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan C Love
- Department of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Fisher CR, Kratovil JD, Angelini DR, Jockusch EL. Out from under the wing: reconceptualizing the insect wing gene regulatory network as a versatile, general module for body-wall lobes in arthropods. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211808. [PMID: 34933597 PMCID: PMC8692954 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body plan evolution often occurs through the differentiation of serially homologous body parts, particularly in the evolution of arthropod body plans. Recently, homeotic transformations resulting from experimental manipulation of gene expression, along with comparative data on the expression and function of genes in the wing regulatory network, have provided a new perspective on an old question in insect evolution: how did the insect wing evolve? We investigated the metamorphic roles of a suite of 10 wing- and body-wall-related genes in a hemimetabolous insect, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Our results indicate that genes involved in wing development in O. fasciatus play similar roles in the development of adult body-wall flattened cuticular evaginations. We found extensive functional similarity between the development of wings and other bilayered evaginations of the body wall. Overall, our results support the existence of a versatile development module for building bilayered cuticular epithelial structures that pre-dates the evolutionary origin of wings. We explore the consequences of reconceptualizing the canonical wing-patterning network as a bilayered body-wall patterning network, including consequences for long-standing debates about wing homology, the origin of wings and the origin of novel bilayered body-wall structures. We conclude by presenting three testable predictions that result from this reconceptualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cera R. Fisher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Justin D. Kratovil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Jockusch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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