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Kobluk HM, Salomon AK, Ford AT, Kadykalo AN, Hessami MA, Labranche PA, Richter C, Palen WJ, Happynook ḤT, Humphries MM, Bennett EM. Relational place-based solutions for environmental policy misalignments. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:217-220. [PMID: 38278702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Current reductionist approaches to environmental governance cannot resolve social-ecological crises. Siloed institutions fail to address linked social and ecological processes, thereby neglecting issues of equity, justice, and cumulative effects. Global insights can be gained from Indigenous-led initiatives that support the resilience of relationships within and among places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Kobluk
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Anne K Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam T Ford
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew N Kadykalo
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mateen A Hessami
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Carmen Richter
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy J Palen
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ḥapinyuuk Tommy Happynook
- Huu-ay-aht First Nations, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murray M Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Indigenous Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena M Bennett
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Salomon AK, Okamoto DK, Wilson ḴBJ, Tommy Happynook H, Mack WA, Allan Davidson SH, Guujaaw G, L Humchitt WWH, Happynook TM, Cox WC, Gillette HF, Christiansen NS, Dragon D, Kobluk HM, Lee LC, Tinker MT, Silver JJ, Armitage D, McKechnie I, MacNeil A, Hillis D, Muhl EK, Gregr EJ, Commander CJC, Augustine A. Disrupting and diversifying the values, voices and governance principles that shape biodiversity science and management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220196. [PMID: 37246378 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With climate, biodiversity and inequity crises squarely upon us, never has there been a more pressing time to rethink how we conceptualize, understand and manage our relationship with Earth's biodiversity. Here, we describe governance principles of 17 Indigenous Nations from the Northwest Coast of North America used to understand and steward relationships among all components of nature, including humans. We then chart the colonial origins of biodiversity science and use the complex case of sea otter recovery to illuminate how ancestral governance principles can be mobilized to characterize, manage and restore biodiversity in more inclusive, integrative and equitable ways. To enhance environmental sustainability, resilience and social justice amid today's crises, we need to broaden who benefits from and participates in the sciences of biodiversity by expanding the values and methodologies that shape such initiatives. In practice, biodiversity conservation and natural resource management need to shift from centralized, siloed approaches to those that can accommodate plurality in values, objectives, governance systems, legal traditions and ways of knowing. In doing so, developing solutions to our planetary crises becomes a shared responsibility. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Salomon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Daniel K Okamoto
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | | | - Hiininaasim Tommy Happynook
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | | | | | - Gidansda Guujaaw
- Haida Nation, Skidegate, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada V0T 1S1
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dianna Dragon
- Che:k:tles7et'h' Nation, Kyuquot, British Columbia, Canada VOP 1J0
| | - Hannah M Kobluk
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Lynn C Lee
- Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage Site, 60 Second Beach Road, Skidegate, British Columbia, Canada V0T 1S1
| | - M Tim Tinker
- Nhydra Ecological Consulting, 11 Parklea Drive, Head of St Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada B3Z 2G6
| | - Jennifer J Silver
- Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Derek Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Iain McKechnie
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Dylan Hillis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Ella-Kari Muhl
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Edward J Gregr
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Scitech Environmental Consulting 2136 Napier St., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5L 2N9
| | - Christian J C Commander
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Arianna Augustine
- Stz'uminus Nation, 1041-B Trunk Rd, Duncan, British Columbia, Canada V9L 2S4
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Wear B, O'Connor NE, Schmid MJ, Jackson MC. What does the future look like for kelp when facing multiple stressors? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10203. [PMID: 37384243 PMCID: PMC10293785 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As primary producers and ecosystem engineers, kelp (generally Order Laminariales) are ecologically important, and their decline could have far-reaching consequences. Kelp are valuable in forming habitats for fish and invertebrates and are crucial for adaptation to climate change by creating coastal defenses and in providing key functions, such as carbon sequestration and food provision. Kelp are threatened by multiple stressors, such as climate change, over-harvesting of predators, and pollution. In this opinion paper, we discuss how these stressors may interact to affect kelp, and how this varies under different contexts. We argue that more research that bridges kelp conservation and multiple stressor theory is needed and outline key questions that should be addressed as a priority. For instance, it is important to understand how previous exposure (either to earlier generations or life stages) determines responses to emerging stressors, and how responses in kelp scale up to alter food webs and ecosystem functioning. By increasing the temporal and biological complexity of kelp research in this way, we will improve our understanding allowing better predictions. This research is essential for the effective conservation and potential restoration of kelp in our rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Wear
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Somerville CollegeOxfordUK
| | - Nessa E. O'Connor
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Matthias J. Schmid
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of Natural ScienceUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
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Bell LE, Kroeker KJ. Standing Crop, Turnover, and Production Dynamics of Macrocystis pyrifera and Understory Species Hedophyllum nigripes and Neoagarum fimbriatum in High Latitude Giant Kelp Forests. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:773-788. [PMID: 36302142 PMCID: PMC10100489 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Production rates reported for canopy-forming kelps have highlighted the potential contributions of these foundational macroalgal species to carbon cycling and sequestration on a globally relevant scale. Yet, the production dynamics of many kelp species remain poorly resolved. For example, productivity estimates for the widely distributed giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera are based on a few studies from the center of this species' range. To address this geospatial bias, we surveyed giant kelp beds in their high latitude fringe habitat in southeast Alaska to quantify foliar standing crop, growth and loss rates, and productivity of M. pyrifera and co-occurring understory kelps Hedophyllum nigripes and Neoagarum fimbriatum. We found that giant kelp beds at the poleward edge of their range produce ~150 g C · m-2 · year-1 from a standing biomass that turns over an estimated 2.1 times per year, substantially lower rates than have been observed at lower latitudes. Although the productivity of high latitude M. pyrifera dwarfs production by associated understory kelps in both winter and summer seasons, phenological differences in growth and relative carbon and nitrogen content among the three kelp species suggests their complementary value as nutritional resources to consumers. This work represents the highest latitude consideration of M. pyrifera forest production to date, providing a valuable quantification of kelp carbon cycling in this highly seasonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Bell
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz130 McAllister WaySanta CruzCalifornia95060USA
| | - Kristy J. Kroeker
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz130 McAllister WaySanta CruzCalifornia95060USA
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