1
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Zhang C, Gong Z, He D, Yan Y, Li S, Zhao K, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang X. Research Progress of Single-Photon Emitters Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:918. [PMID: 38869543 PMCID: PMC11173489 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
From quantum communications to quantum computing, single-photon emitters (SPEs) are essential components of numerous quantum technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have especially been found to be highly attractive for the research into nanoscale light-matter interactions. In particular, localized photonic states at their surfaces have attracted great attention due to their enormous potential applications in quantum optics. Recently, SPEs have been achieved in various 2D materials, while the challenges still remain. This paper reviews the recent research progress on these SPEs based on various 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and twisted-angle 2D materials. Additionally, we summarized the strategies to create, position, enhance, and tune the emission wavelength of these emitters by introducing external fields into these 2D system. For example, pronounced enhancement of the SPEs' properties can be achieved by coupling with external fields, such as the plasmonic field, and by locating in optical microcavities. Finally, this paper also discusses current challenges and offers perspectives that could further stimulate scientific research in this field. These emitters, due to their unique physical properties and integration potential, are highly appealing for applications in quantum information and communication, as well as other physical and technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (C.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (C.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.H.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (K.Z.); (J.W.)
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2
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Kuroiwa K, Takagi R, Adesso G, Yamasaki H. Every Quantum Helps: Operational Advantage of Quantum Resources beyond Convexity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:150201. [PMID: 38682983 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Identifying what quantum-mechanical properties are useful to untap a superior performance in quantum technologies is a pivotal question. Quantum resource theories provide a unified framework to analyze and understand such properties, as successfully demonstrated for entanglement and coherence. While these are examples of convex resources, for which quantum advantages can always be identified, many physical resources are described by a nonconvex set of free states and their interpretation has so far remained elusive. Here we address the fundamental question of the usefulness of quantum resources without convexity assumption, by providing two operational interpretations of the generalized robustness measure in general resource theories. First, we characterize the generalized robustness in terms of a nonlinear resource witness and reveal that any state is more advantageous than a free one in some multicopy channel discrimination task. Next, we consider a scenario where a theory is characterized by multiple constraints and show that the generalized robustness coincides with the worst-case advantage in a single-copy channel discrimination setting. Based on these characterizations, we conclude that every quantum resource state shows a qualitative and quantitative advantage in discrimination problems in a general resource theory even without any specification on the structure of the free states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohdai Kuroiwa
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Ryuji Takagi
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Gerardo Adesso
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for the Mathematical and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hayata Yamasaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Al-Owaedi OA. Thermoelectric Properties of Porphyrin Nano Rings: A Theoretical and Modelling Investigation. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300616. [PMID: 38084460 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Propagation of De Broglie waves through nanomolecular junctions is greatly affected by molecular topology changes, which in turn plays a key role in determining the electronic and thermoelectric properties of source|molecule|drain junctions. The probing and realization of the constructive quantum interference (CQI) and a destructive quantum interference (DQI) are well established in this work. The critical role of quantum interference (QI) in governing and enhancing the transmission coefficient T(E), thermopower (S), power factor (P) and electronic figure of merit (ZelT) of porphyrin nanorings has been investigated using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) methods, a tight binding (Hückel) modelling (TBHM) and quantum transport theory (QTT). Remarkably, DQI not only dominates the asymmetric molecular pathways and lowering T(E), but also improves the thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Laser Physics, University of Babylon, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
- Al-Zahrawi University College, Holy Karbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
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4
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Tang J, Chen P, Zeng L, Xia Z, Xing W, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Song H, Guo G, Deng G. Optomechanical Microwave-to-Optical Photon Transducer Chips: Empowering the Quantum Internet Revolution. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:485. [PMID: 38675296 PMCID: PMC11052314 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The first quantum revolution has brought us the classical Internet and information technology. Today, as technology advances rapidly, the second quantum revolution quietly arrives, with a crucial moment for quantum technology to establish large-scale quantum networks. However, solid-state quantum bits (such as superconducting and semiconductor qubits) typically operate in the microwave frequency range, making it challenging to transmit signals over long distances. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop quantum transducer chips capable of converting microwaves into optical photons in the communication band, since the thermal noise of optical photons at room temperature is negligible, rendering them an ideal information carrier for large-scale spatial communication. Such devices are important for connecting different physical platforms and efficiently transmitting quantum information. This paper focuses on the fast-developing field of optomechanical quantum transducers, which has flourished over the past decade, yielding numerous advanced achievements. We categorize transducers based on various mechanical resonators and discuss their principles of operation and their achievements. Based on existing research on optomechanical transducers, we compare the parameters of several mechanical resonators and analyze their advantages and limitations, as well as provide prospects for the future development of quantum transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jindao Tang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peiqin Chen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liping Zeng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - You Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haizhi Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guangwei Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Technology of Kash, Kash 844000, China
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5
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Kim M, Choi S, Brito WH, Kotliar G. Orbital-Selective Mott Transition Effects and Nontrivial Topology of Iron Chalcogenide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:136504. [PMID: 38613298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.136504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The iron-based superconductor FeSe_{1-x}Te_{x} has recently gained significant attention as a host of two distinct physical phenomena: (i) Majorana zero modes that can serve as potential topologically protected qubits, and (ii) a realization of the orbital-selective Mott transition. In this Letter, we connect these two phenomena and provide new insights into the interplay between strong electronic correlations and nontrivial topology in FeSe_{1-x}Te_{x}. Using linearized quasiparticle self-consistent GW plus dynamical mean-field theory, we show that the topologically protected Dirac surface state has substantial Fe(d_{xy}) character. The proximity to the orbital-selective Mott transition plays a dual role: it facilitates the appearance of the topological surface state by bringing the Dirac cone close to the chemical potential but destroys the Z_{2} topological superconductivity when the system is too close to the orbital-selective Mott phase. We derive a reduced effective Hamiltonian that describes the topological band. Its parameters capture all the chemical trends found in the first principles calculation. Our findings provide a framework for further study of the interplay between strong electronic correlations and nontrivial topology in other iron-based superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Sangkook Choi
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, South Korea
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Walber Hugo Brito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C. P. 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kotliar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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6
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Morales Rodríguez MP, Magaña-Loaiza OS, Perez-Garcia B, Nieto Calzada LM, Marroquín Gutiérrrez F, Rodríguez-Lara BM. Coherent states of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1489-1492. [PMID: 38489432 DOI: 10.1364/ol.511439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Large quantum photonic systems hold promise for surpassing classical computational limits, yet their state preparation remains a challenge. We propose an alternative approach to study multiparticle dynamics by mapping the excitation mode of these systems to physical properties of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. We construct coherent states establishing a direct link between excitation number dynamics and the evolution of the Laguerre-Gauss modes. This highlights the photon transverse spatial degree of freedom as a versatile platform for testing the fundamental aspects of quantum multiparticle systems.
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7
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Corcione E, Jakob F, Wagner L, Joos R, Bisquerra A, Schmidt M, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Jetter M, Portalupi SL, Michler P, Tarín C. Machine learning enhanced evaluation of semiconductor quantum dots. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4154. [PMID: 38378845 PMCID: PMC10879153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in quantum photonics today is the efficient and on-demand generation of high-quality single photons and entangled photon pairs. In this regard, one of the most promising types of emitters are semiconductor quantum dots, fluorescent nanostructures also described as artificial atoms. The main technological challenge in upscaling to an industrial level is the typically random spatial and spectral distribution in their growth. Furthermore, depending on the intended application, different requirements are imposed on a quantum dot, which are reflected in its spectral properties. Given that an in-depth suitability analysis is lengthy and costly, it is common practice to pre-select promising candidate quantum dots using their emission spectrum. Currently, this is done by hand. Therefore, to automate and expedite this process, in this paper, we propose a data-driven machine-learning-based method of evaluating the applicability of a semiconductor quantum dot as single photon source. For this, first, a minimally redundant, but maximally relevant feature representation for quantum dot emission spectra is derived by combining conventional spectral analysis with an autoencoding convolutional neural network. The obtained feature vector is subsequently used as input to a neural network regression model, which is specifically designed to not only return a rating score, gauging the technical suitability of a quantum dot, but also a measure of confidence for its evaluation. For training and testing, a large dataset of self-assembled InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot emission spectra is used, partially labelled by a team of experts in the field. Overall, highly convincing results are achieved, as quantum dots are reliably evaluated correctly. Note, that the presented methodology can account for different spectral requirements and is applicable regardless of the underlying photonic structure, fabrication method and material composition. We therefore consider it the first step towards a fully integrated evaluation framework for quantum dots, proving the use of machine learning beneficial in the advancement of future quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Corcione
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Fabian Jakob
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Munich Institute of Robotics and System Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphael Joos
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andre Bisquerra
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcel Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone L Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cristina Tarín
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Hotter C, Ritsch H, Gietka K. Combining Critical and Quantum Metrology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060801. [PMID: 38394596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Critical metrology relies on the precise preparation of a system in its ground state near a quantum phase transition point where quantum correlations get very strong. Typically, this increases the quantum Fisher information with respect to changes in system parameters and thus improves the optimally possible measurement precision limited by the Cramér-Rao bound. Hence critical metrology involves encoding information about the unknown parameter in changes of the system's ground state. Conversely, in conventional metrology methods like Ramsey interferometry, the eigenstates of the system remain unchanged, and information about the unknown parameter is encoded in the relative phases that excited system states accumulate during their time evolution. Here we introduce an approach combining these two methodologies into a unified protocol applicable to closed and driven-dissipative systems. We show that the quantum Fisher information in this case exhibits an additional interference term originating from the interplay between eigenstate and relative phase changes. We provide analytical expressions for the quantum and classical Fisher information in such a setup, elucidating as well a straightforward measurement approach that nearly attains the maximum precision permissible under the Cramér-Rao bound. We showcase these results by focusing on the squeezing Hamiltonian, which characterizes the thermodynamic limit of Dicke and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hotter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karol Gietka
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Zhong J, Li JY, Liu J, Xiang Y, Feng H, Liu R, Li W, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling of Few-Exciton in a Monolayer WS 2 with Plasmon and Dispersion Deviation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1579-1586. [PMID: 38284987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Engineering room-temperature strong coupling of few-exciton in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with plasmons promises to construct compact and high-performance quantum optical devices. But it remains unimplemented due to their in-plane excitons. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling of few-exciton within 10 in monolayer WS2 with the plasmonic mode with a large tangential component of the electric field tightly trapped around the sharp corners of an Au@Ag nanocuboid, the fewest number of excitons observed in the TMDC family so far. Furthermore, we for the first time report a significant deviation with a relative difference of up to 100.6% between the spectrum and eigenlevel splitting dispersions, which increases with decreasing coupling strength. It is also shown that the coupling strength obtained by the conventional concept of both being equal to the measured spectrum splitting is markedly overestimated. Our work enriches the understanding of strong light-matter interactions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - He Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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10
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Teraji T, Shinei C, Masuyama Y, Miyakawa M, Taniguchi T. Nitrogen concentration control during diamond growth for NV - centre formation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20220322. [PMID: 38043575 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centres formed in diamond crystals are point defects that have potential applications in various quantum devices such as highly sensitive magnetic sensors. To improve the sensitivity of magnetic sensors using NV- centres, it is essential to precisely control the nitrogen concentration in the crystals. In this paper, we demonstrated that nitrogen concentration in diamond can be controlled with high precision for the following two representative growth methods. One is the high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis method and the other is the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. The nitrogen concentration of HPHT-grown diamond decreased semi-logarithmically with increasing contents of titanium or aluminium as nitrogen getter materials. The nitrogen concentration of CVD-grown diamond increased linearly with increasing the flow rate ratio of nitrogen to carbon. NV- centres were formed by controlling the total fluence of electron beams so that approximately 20% of the nitrogen became NV- centres. The coherence time of electron spin of NV- centres obtained by the Hahn-echo pulse sequence T2 of these diamond crystals was inversely proportional to the nitrogen concentration. A comparison of T2 of the NV- centres for HPHT-synthesized and CVD-grown diamonds showed no significant difference between them. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Diamond for quantum applications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teraji
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - C Shinei
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Y Masuyama
- Quantum Materials and Applications Research Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - M Miyakawa
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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11
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Rolczynski BS, Díaz SA, Goldman ER, Medintz IL, Melinger JS. Investigating the dissipation of heat and quantum information from DNA-scaffolded chromophore networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034105. [PMID: 38230810 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Scaffolded molecular networks are important building blocks in biological pigment-protein complexes, and DNA nanotechnology allows analogous systems to be designed and synthesized. System-environment interactions in these systems are responsible for important processes, such as the dissipation of heat and quantum information. This study investigates the role of nanoscale molecular parameters in tuning these vibronic system-environment dynamics. Here, genetic algorithm methods are used to obtain nanoscale parameters for a DNA-scaffolded chromophore network based on comparisons between its calculated and measured optical spectra. These parameters include the positions, orientations, and energy level characteristics within the network. This information is then used to compute the dynamics, including the vibronic population dynamics and system-environment heat currents, using the hierarchical equations of motion. The dissipation of quantum information is identified by the system's transient change in entropy, which is proportional to the heat currents according to the second law of thermodynamics. These results indicate that the dissipation of quantum information is highly dependent on the particular nanoscale characteristics of the molecular network, which is a necessary first step before gleaning the systematic optimization rules. Subsequently, the I-concurrence dynamics are calculated to understand the evolution of the vibronic system's quantum entanglement, which are found to be long-lived compared to these system-bath dissipation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Rolczynski
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Ellen R Goldman
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
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12
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Bakhshinezhad P, Jablonski BR, Binder FC, Friis N. Trade-offs between precision and fluctuations in charging finite-dimensional quantum batteries. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014131. [PMID: 38366482 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Within quantum thermodynamics, many tasks are modeled by processes that require work sources represented by out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, often dubbed quantum batteries, in which work can be deposited or from which work can be extracted. Here we consider quantum batteries modeled as finite-dimensional quantum systems initially in thermal equilibrium that are charged via cyclic Hamiltonian processes. We present optimal or near-optimal protocols for N identical two-level systems and individual d-level systems with equally spaced energy gaps in terms of the charging precision and work fluctuations during the charging process. We analyze the trade-off between these figures of merit as well as the performance of local and global operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharnam Bakhshinezhad
- Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics and Nanolund, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beniamin R Jablonski
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix C Binder
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicolai Friis
- Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Mafu M, Senekane M. Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy. Front Res Metr Anal 2023; 8:1279376. [PMID: 38169750 PMCID: PMC10758418 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2023.1279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art quantum technologies leverage the unique principles of quantum mechanics, which include quantization, uncertainty principle, interference, entanglement and decoherence, to produce useful devices and scientific advancements not possible with classical technologies. As a result, quantum technologies, in particular, offer specific advantages that make communications networks secure and unbreakable and devices with unprecedented levels of accuracy, responsiveness, reliability, scalability and efficiency than classical emerging technologies. These capabilities can contribute significantly to addressing energy, agriculture, climate change, national security, healthcare, education and economic growth challenges. Unfortunately, these developments in these areas have not been evenly distributed between the Global North and the Global South, inadvertently creating a societal and economic gap. Closing this gap is critical to creating a more inclusive and sustainable future for all, thus delivering key sustainable goals. Therefore, to close this gap, this article proposes a quantum diplomacy framework as a means to deliver science diplomacy. Moreover, we discuss how emerging quantum technologies could profoundly impact all 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We consider this work a timely and vital intervention to prevent the gap from increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhlambululi Mafu
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Makhamisa Senekane
- Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Ranieri D, Privitera A, Santanni F, Urbanska K, Strachan GJ, Twamley B, Salvadori E, Liao YK, Chiesa M, Senge MO, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto-Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312936. [PMID: 37812016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the development of two-qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin-spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso-meso (m-m) singly-linked VIV O-CuII porphyrin dimer. X-band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10-3 cm-1 . This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro- and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g-tensors of VIV and CuII -ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single-spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolina Urbanska
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grant J Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yu-Kai Liao
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nano-systems, Lichtenberg-Str.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Sutradhar D, Sarmah A, Hobza P, Chandra AK. Strong Be-N Interaction Induced Complementary Chemical Tuning to Design a Dual-gated Single Molecule Junction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301473. [PMID: 37401206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between pyridines and the π-hole of BeH2 leads to the formation of strong beryllium-bonded complexes. Theoretical investigations demonstrate that the Be-N bonding interaction can effectively regulate the electronic current through a molecular junction. The electronic conductance exhibits distinct switching behavior depending on the substituent groups at the para position of pyridine, highlighting the role of Be-N interaction as a potent chemical gate in the proposed device. The complexes exhibit short intermolecular distances ranging from 1.724 to 1.752 Å, emphasizing their strong binding. Detailed analysis of electronic rearrangements and geometric perturbations upon complex formation provides insights into the underlying reasons for the formation of such strong Be-N bonds, with bond strengths varying from -116.25 to -92.96 kJ/mol. Moreover, the influence of chemical substituents on the local electronic transmission of the beryllium-bonded complex offers valuable insights for the implementation of a secondary chemical gate in single-molecule devices. This study paves the way for the development of chemically gateable, functional single-molecule transistors, advancing the design and fabrication of multifunctional single-molecule devices in the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sutradhar
- School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
| | - Amrit Sarmah
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu, 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Asit K Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
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16
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Moisanu CM, Jacobberger RM, Skala LP, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Dichtel WR. Crystalline Arrays of Copper Porphyrin Qubits Based on Ion-Paired Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18447-18454. [PMID: 37552123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronic spin qubits have great potential for use in quantum information science applications because their structure can be rationally tuned using synthetic chemistry. Their integration into a new class of materials, ion-paired frameworks, allows for the formation of ordered arrays of these molecular spin qubits. Three ion-paired frameworks with varying densities of paramagnetic Cu(II) porphyrins were isolated as micron-sized crystals suitable for characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pulse-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy probed the spin coherence of these materials at temperatures up to 140 K. The crystals with the longest Cu-Cu distances had a spin-spin relaxation time (Tm) of 207 ns and a spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of 1.8 ms at 5 K, which decreased at elevated temperature because of spin-phonon coupling. Crystals with shorter Cu-Cu distances also had lower T1 values because of enhanced cross-relaxation from qubit-qubit dipolar coupling. Frameworks with shorter Cu-Cu distances exhibited lower Tm values because of the increased interactions between qubits within the frameworks. Incorporating molecular electronic spin qubits in ion-paired frameworks enables control of composition, spacing, and interqubit interactions, providing a rational means to extend spin relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra M Moisanu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luke P Skala
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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Sanz ÁS. Young's Experiment with Entangled Bipartite Systems: The Role of Underlying Quantum Velocity Fields. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1077. [PMID: 37510022 PMCID: PMC10378373 DOI: 10.3390/e25071077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We consider the concept of velocity fields, taken from Bohmian mechanics, to investigate the dynamical effects of entanglement in bipartite realizations of Young's two-slit experiment. In particular, by comparing the behavior exhibited by factorizable two-slit states (cat-type state analogs in the position representation) with the dynamics exhibited by a continuous-variable Bell-type maximally entangled state, we find that, while the velocity fields associated with each particle in the separable scenario are well-defined and act separately on each subspace, in the entangled case there is a strong deformation in the total space that prevents this behavior. Consequently, the trajectories for each subsystem are not constrained any longer to remain confined within the corresponding subspace; rather, they exhibit seemingly wandering behavior across the total space. In this way, within the subspace associated with each particle (that is, when we trace over the other subsystem), not only interference features are washed out, but also the so-called Bohmian non-crossing rule (i.e., particle trajectories are allowed to get across the same point at the same time).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel S Sanz
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ciencias 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Redjem W, Zhiyenbayev Y, Qarony W, Ivanov V, Papapanos C, Liu W, Jhuria K, Al Balushi ZY, Dhuey S, Schwartzberg A, Tan LZ, Schenkel T, Kanté B. All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an atomic emissive center in a nanophotonic cavity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3321. [PMID: 37286540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon is the most scalable optoelectronic material but has suffered from its inability to generate directly and efficiently classical or quantum light on-chip. Scaling and integration are the most fundamental challenges facing quantum science and technology. We report an all-silicon quantum light source based on a single atomic emissive center embedded in a silicon-based nanophotonic cavity. We observe a more than 30-fold enhancement of luminescence, a near-unity atom-cavity coupling efficiency, and an 8-fold acceleration of the emission from the all-silicon quantum emissive center. Our work opens immediate avenues for large-scale integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum light-matter interfaces with applications in quantum communication and networking, sensing, imaging, and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Redjem
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Zhiyenbayev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - W Qarony
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - V Ivanov
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Papapanos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - W Liu
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - K Jhuria
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Z Y Al Balushi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Dhuey
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - A Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Schenkel
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - B Kanté
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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19
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Nirala G, Pradyumna ST, Kumar A, Marino AM. Information encoding in the spatial correlations of entangled twin beams. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9161. [PMID: 37267356 PMCID: PMC10413673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to use the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom of quantum states of light to encode and transmit information is crucial for a robust and efficient quantum network. In particular, the potential offered by the large dimensionality of the spatial degree of freedom remains unfulfilled, as the necessary level of control required to encode information remains elusive. We encode information in the distribution of the spatial correlations of entangled twin beams by taking advantage of their dependence on the angular spectrum of the pump needed for four-wave mixing. We show that the encoded information can only be extracted through joint spatial measurements of the twin beams and not through individual beam measurements and that the temporal quantum correlations are not modified. The ability to engineer the spatial properties of twin beams will enable high-capacity quantum networks and quantum-enhanced spatially resolved sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Nirala
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Siva T. Pradyumna
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695547, India
| | - Alberto M. Marino
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Quantum Information Sciences Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37381, USA
- Quantum Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37381, USA
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20
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Taran G, Bonet E, Moreno-Pineda E, Ruben M, Wernsdorfer W. Thermalization of Nuclear Spins in Lanthanide Molecular Magnets. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) distinguish themselves in the field of quantum magnetism through the ability to combine fundamental research with promising applications. The evolution of quantum spintronics in the last decade exemplifies the potential held by molecular-based quantum devices. Notably, the readout and manipulation of the nuclear spin states embedded in a lanthanide-based SMM hybrid device were employed in proof of principle studies of quantum computation at the single-molecule level. In the quest for further understanding of the relaxation behavior in SMMs for their integration in novel applications, herein, we study the relaxation dynamics of the 159Tb nuclear spins in a diluted molecular crystal employing the recently acquired understanding of the nonadiabatic dynamics of TbPc2 molecules. Through numerical simulation, we find that phonon-modulated hyperfine interaction opens a direct relaxation channel between the nuclear spins and the phonon bath. The mechanism is of potential importance for the theory of spin bath and the relaxation dynamics of the molecular spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Taran
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edgar Bonet
- Néel Institute, CNRS, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Eufemio Moreno-Pineda
- Depto. de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panamá
- Grupo de Investigación de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panamá
| | - Mario Ruben
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ) within the Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Plats 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Plats 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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21
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Munuera-Javaloy C, Tobalina A, Casanova J. High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy at Large Fields with Nitrogen Vacancy Centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:133603. [PMID: 37067301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are used as sensors to detect nuclear magnetic resonance signals from micron-sized samples at room temperature. In this scenario, the regime of large magnetic fields is especially interesting as it leads to a large nuclear thermal polarization-thus, to a strong sensor response even in low concentration samples-while chemical shifts and J couplings become more accessible. Nevertheless, this regime remains largely unexplored owing to the difficulties of coupling NV-based sensors with high-frequency nuclear signals. In this Letter, we circumvent this problem with a method that maps the relevant energy shifts in the amplitude of an induced nuclear spin signal that is subsequently transferred to the sensor. This stage is interspersed with free-precession periods of the sample nuclear spins where the sensor does not participate. Thus, our method leads to high spectral resolutions ultimately limited by the coherence of the nuclear spin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munuera-Javaloy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - A Tobalina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - J Casanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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22
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Lüders C, Pukrop M, Barkhausen F, Rozas E, Schneider C, Höfling S, Sperling J, Schumacher S, Aßmann M. Tracking Quantum Coherence in Polariton Condensates with Time-Resolved Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:113601. [PMID: 37001069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term quantum coherence constitutes one of the main challenges when engineering quantum devices. However, easily accessible means to quantify complex decoherence mechanisms are not readily available, nor are sufficiently stable systems. We harness novel phase-space methods-expressed through non-Gaussian convolutions of highly singular Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobabilities-to dynamically monitor quantum coherence in polariton condensates with significantly enhanced coherence times. Via intensity- and time-resolved reconstructions of such phase-space functions from homodyne detection data, we probe the systems' resourcefulness for quantum information processing up to the nanosecond regime. Our experimental findings are confirmed through numerical simulations, for which we develop an approach that renders established algorithms compatible with our methodology. In contrast to commonly applied phase-space functions, our distributions can be directly sampled from measured data, including uncertainties, and yield a simple operational measure of quantum coherence via the distribution's variance in phase. Therefore, we present a broadly applicable framework and a platform to explore time-dependent quantum phenomena and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lüders
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Pukrop
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Franziska Barkhausen
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Elena Rozas
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sperling
- Theoretical Quantum Science, Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Marc Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Sundstrom SM, Angeler DG, Bell J, Hayes M, Hodbod J, Jalalzadeh-Fard B, Mahmood R, VanWormer E, Allen CR. Panarchy theory for convergence. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2023; 18:1-16. [PMID: 37363302 PMCID: PMC10013239 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Coping with surprise and uncertainty resulting from the emergence of undesired and unexpected novelty or the sudden reorganization of systems at multiple spatiotemporal scales requires both a scientific process that can incorporate diverse expertise and viewpoints, and a scientific framework that can account for the structure and dynamics of interacting social-ecological systems (SES) and the inherent uncertainty of what might emerge in the future. We argue that combining a convergence scientific process with a panarchy framework provides a pathway for improving our understanding of, and response to, emergence. Emergent phenomena are often unexpected (e.g., pandemics, regime shifts) and can be highly disruptive, so can pose a significant challenge to the development of sustainable and resilient SES. Convergence science is a new approach promoted by the U.S. National Science Foundation for tackling complex problems confronting humanity through the integration of multiple perspectives, expertise, methods, tools, and analytical approaches. Panarchy theory is a framework useful for studying emergence, because it characterizes complex systems of people and nature as dynamically organized and structured within and across scales of space and time. It accounts for the fundamental tenets of complex systems and explicitly grapples with emergence, including the emergence of novelty, and the emergent property of social-ecological resilience. We provide an overview of panarchy, convergence science, and emergence. We discuss the significant data and methodological challenges of using panarchy in a convergence approach to address emergent phenomena, as well as state-of-the-art methods for overcoming them. We present two examples that would benefit from such an approach: climate change and its impacts on social-ecological systems, and the relationships between infectious disease and social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Sundstrom
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7059, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- The PRODEO Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - Jesse Bell
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Michael Hayes
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Jennifer Hodbod
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT USA
| | - Babak Jalalzadeh-Fard
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Rezaul Mahmood
- High Plains Regional Climate Center, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Craig R. Allen
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
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24
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Machine-Guided Design of Oxidation-Resistant Superconductors for Quantum Information Applications. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decoherence in superconducting qubits has long been attributed to two-level systems arising from the surfaces and interfaces present in real devices. A recent significant step in reducing decoherence was the replacement of superconducting niobium by superconducting tantalum, resulting in a tripling of transmon qubit lifetimes (T1). The identity, thickness, and quality of the native surface oxide, is thought to play a major role, as tantalum only has one oxide whereas niobium has several. Here we report the development of a thermodynamic metric to rank materials based on their potential to form a well-defined, thin, surface oxide. We first computed this metric for known binary and ternary metal alloys using data available from the Materials Project and experimentally validated the strengths and limits of this metric through the preparation and controlled oxidation of eight known metal alloys. Then we trained a convolutional neural network to predict the value of this metric from atomic composition and atomic properties. This allowed us to compute the metric for materials that are not present in the Materials Project, including a large selection of known superconductors, and, when combined with Tc, allowed us to identify new candidate superconductors for quantum information science and engineering (QISE) applications. We tested the oxidation resistance of a pair of these predictions experimentally. Our results are expected to lay the foundation for the tailored and rapid selection of improved superconductors for QISE.
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25
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Wu SB, Li ZM, Gao J, Zhou H, Wang CS, Jin XM. Classification of quantum correlation using deep learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3479-3489. [PMID: 36785340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum correlation, as an intrinsic property of quantum mechanics, has been widely employed to test the fundamental physical principles and explore the quantum-enhanced technologies. However, such correlation would be drowned and even destroyed in the conditions of high levels of loss and noise, which drops into the classical realm and renders quantum advantage ineffective. Especially in low light conditions, conventional linear classifiers are unable to extract and distinguish quantum and classical correlations with high accuracy. Here we experimentally demonstrate the classification of quantum correlation using deep learning to meet the challenge in the quantum imaging scheme. We design the convolutional neural network to learn and classify the correlated photons efficiently with only 0.1 signal photons per pixel. We show that decreasing signal intensity further weakens the correlation and makes an accurate linear classification impossible, while the deep learning method has a strong robustness of such task with the accuracy of 99.99%. These results open up a new perspective to optimize the quantum correlation in low light conditions, representing a step towards diverse applications in quantum-enhanced measurement scenarios, such as super-resolution microscope, quantum illumination, etc.
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26
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Macrì N, Giannelli L, Paladino E, Falci G. Coarse-Grained Effective Hamiltonian via the Magnus Expansion for a Three-Level System. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:234. [PMID: 36832601 PMCID: PMC9954943 DOI: 10.3390/e25020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum state processing is one of the main tools of quantum technologies. While real systems are complicated and/or may be driven by non-ideal control, they may nevertheless exhibit simple dynamics approximately confined to a low-energy Hilbert subspace. Adiabatic elimination is the simplest approximation scheme allowing us to derive in certain cases an effective Hamiltonian operating in a low-dimensional Hilbert subspace. However, these approximations may present ambiguities and difficulties, hindering a systematic improvement of their accuracy in larger and larger systems. Here, we use the Magnus expansion as a systematic tool to derive ambiguity-free effective Hamiltonians. We show that the validity of the approximations ultimately leverages only on a proper coarse-graining in time of the exact dynamics. We validate the accuracy of the obtained effective Hamiltonians with suitably tailored fidelities of quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Macrì
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Giannelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CNR-IMM, UoS Università, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Paladino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CNR-IMM, UoS Università, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana”, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CNR-IMM, UoS Università, 95123 Catania, Italy
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27
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Bode BE, Fusco E, Nixon R, Buch CD, Weihe H, Piligkos S. Dipolar-Coupled Entangled Molecular 4f Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2877-2883. [PMID: 36695706 PMCID: PMC9912257 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate by use of continuous wave- and pulse-electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy on oriented single crystals of magnetically dilute YbIII ions in Yb0.01Lu0.99(trensal) that molecular entangled two-qubit systems can be constructed by exploiting dipolar interactions between neighboring YbIII centers. Furthermore, we show that the phase memory time and Rabi frequencies of these dipolar-interaction-coupled entangled two-qubit systems are comparable to the ones of the corresponding single qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela E. Bode
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St
Andrews, North Haugh, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.,
| | - Edoardo Fusco
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St
Andrews, North Haugh, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Rachel Nixon
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, and Centre
of Magnetic Resonance, University of St
Andrews, North Haugh, St AndrewsKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Christian D. Buch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK-2100, Denmark
| | - Høgni Weihe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK-2100, Denmark
| | - Stergios Piligkos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK-2100, Denmark,
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28
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Wang J, Dietz B, Rosa D, Benenti G. Entanglement Dynamics and Classical Complexity. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:97. [PMID: 36673238 PMCID: PMC9857404 DOI: 10.3390/e25010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamical generation of entanglement for a two-body interacting system, starting from a separable coherent state. We show analytically that in the quasiclassical regime the entanglement growth rate can be simply computed by means of the underlying classical dynamics. Furthermore, this rate is given by the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, which characterizes the dynamical complexity of classical motion. Our results, illustrated by numerical simulations on a model of coupled rotators, establish in the quasiclassical regime a link between the generation of entanglement, a purely quantum phenomenon, and classical complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaozi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Barbara Dietz
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Dario Rosa
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Basic Science Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Giuliano Benenti
- Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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29
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Ranieri D, Santanni F, Privitera A, Albino A, Salvadori E, Chiesa M, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. An exchange coupled meso- meso linked vanadyl porphyrin dimer for quantum information processing. Chem Sci 2022; 14:61-69. [PMID: 36605752 PMCID: PMC9769127 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a new meso-meso (m-m) singly linked vanadyl-porphyrin dimer that crystallizes in two different pseudo-polymorphs. The single crystal continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation evidences a small but crucial isotropic exchange interaction, J, between the two tilted, and thus distinguishable, spin centers of the order of 10-2 cm-1. The experimental and DFT studies evidence a correlation between J values and porphyrin plane tilting angle and distortion. Pulsed EPR analysis shows that the two vanadyl dimers maintain the coherence time of the monomer. With the obtained spin Hamiltonian parameters, we identify suitable transitions that could be used as computational basis states. Our results, coupled with the evaporability of porphyrin systems, establish this class of dimers as extremely promising for quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Andrea Albino
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry, NIS, University of TurinVia P. Giuria 7I10125 TorinoItaly
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry, NIS, University of TurinVia P. Giuria 7I10125 TorinoItaly
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
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30
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Chakraborty S, Das A, Chruściński D. Strongly coupled quantum Otto cycle with single qubit bath. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064133. [PMID: 36671160 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We discuss a model of a closed quantum evolution of two qubits where the joint Hamiltonian is so chosen such that one of the qubits acts as a bath and thermalizes the other qubit which is acting as the system. The corresponding exact master equation for the system is derived. Interestingly, for a specific choice of parameters the master equation takes the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan (GKLS) form, with constant coefficients representing pumping and damping of a single qubit system. Based on this model we construct an Otto cycle connected to a single qubit bath and study its thermodynamic properties. Our analysis goes beyond the conventional weak coupling scenario and illustrates the effects of finite baths, including non-Markovianity. We find closed form expressions for efficiency (coefficient of performance), power (cooling power) for the heat engine regime (refrigerator regime), and for different modifications of the joint Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Chakraborty
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Arpan Das
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chruściński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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31
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Ur Rahman A, Abd-Rabbou MY, Zangi SM, Javed M. Entropic uncertainty and quantum correlations dynamics in a system of two qutrits exposed to local noisy channels. PHYSICA SCRIPTA 2022; 97:105101. [DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ac8bb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We address the dynamics of the lower bound of geometric quantum discord and quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty in a two-qutrit system when exposed to classical channels characterized by power-law (PL) and random telegraph (RT) noises. The system-channel coupling strategy is examined in two contexts: common qutrit-environment (CQE) and different qutrit-environment (DQE) configurations. We show that the geometric quantum discord functions remain anti-correlated with entropic uncertainty and decline as uncertainty appears in the system. The rate of entropic uncertainty appearance seems more prevalent than the decline rate of quantum discord function, suggesting that uncertainty causes the quantum correlations to fade in quantum systems. We find that non-local correlations estimated by the lower bound of geometric quantum discord are not destroyed even at the maximum entropic disorder and entropic uncertainty. In addition, the efficacy of entropic uncertainty and the lower bound is strongly influenced by the state’s purity factor, with the former being more robust at higher purity values and the latter at lower purity values. All the parameters impact entropic uncertainty, however, the mixedness of the state is noticed to greatly alter the generation of quantum memory. Besides, PL noise caused Markovian behavioral dynamics, and the RT noise allowed non-Markovian dynamics, while the latter remains more resourceful for the quantum correlations preservation and entropic uncertainty suppression. We also demonstrate how to model longer quantum correlations and provide optimal parameter settings for suppressing the dephasing and entropic uncertainty effects.
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32
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Buch CD, Kundu K, Marbey JJ, van Tol J, Weihe H, Hill S, Piligkos S. Spin–Lattice Relaxation Decoherence Suppression in Vanishing Orbital Angular Momentum Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17597-17603. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D. Buch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Marbey
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Høgni Weihe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Stergios Piligkos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Quantum Optimal Control: Practical Aspects and Diverse Methods. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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Nie X, Zhu X, Huang K, Tang K, Long X, Lin Z, Tian Y, Qiu C, Xi C, Yang X, Li J, Dong Y, Xin T, Lu D. Experimental Realization of a Quantum Refrigerator Driven by Indefinite Causal Orders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:100603. [PMID: 36112431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indefinite causal order (ICO) is playing a key role in recent quantum technologies. Here, we experimentally study quantum thermodynamics driven by ICO on nuclear spins using the nuclear magnetic resonance system. We realize the ICO of two thermalizing channels to exhibit how the mechanism works, and show that the working substance can be cooled or heated albeit it undergoes thermal contacts with reservoirs of the same temperature. Moreover, we construct a single cycle of the ICO refrigerator based on the Maxwell's demon mechanism, and evaluate its performance by measuring the work consumption and the heat energy extracted from the low-temperature reservoir. Unlike classical refrigerators in which the coefficient of performance (COP) is perversely higher the closer the temperature of the high-temperature and low-temperature reservoirs are to each other, the ICO refrigerator's COP is always bounded to small values due to the nonunit success probability in projecting the ancillary qubit to the preferable subspace. To enhance the COP, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a general framework based on the density matrix exponentiation (DME) approach, as an extension to the ICO refrigeration. The COP is observed to be enhanced by more than 3 times with the DME approach. Our Letter demonstrates a new way for nonclassical heat exchange, and paves the way towards construction of quantum refrigerators on a quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Nie
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuanran Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Keyi Huang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Long
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chudan Qiu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Xi
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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35
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Coccia M. Technological trajectories in quantum computing to design a quantum ecosystem for industrial change. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09537325.2022.2110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR – National Research Council of Italy, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri (TO), Italy
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36
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Bao D, Tan X, Xu Q, Wang H, Huang R. Robust Self-Testing of Four-Qubit Symmetric States. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24071003. [PMID: 35885226 PMCID: PMC9316159 DOI: 10.3390/e24071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum verification has been highlighted as a significant challenge on the road to scalable technology, especially with the rapid development of quantum computing. To verify quantum states, self-testing is proposed as a device-independent concept, which is based only on the observed statistics. Previous studies focused on bipartite states and some multipartite states, including all symmetric states, but only in the case of three qubits. In this paper, we first give a criterion for the self-testing of a four-qubit symmetric state with a special structure and the robustness analysis based on vector norm inequalities. Then we generalize the idea to a family of parameterized four-qubit symmetric states through projections onto two subsystems.
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37
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Stachurski J, Tamariz S, Callsen G, Butté R, Grandjean N. Single photon emission and recombination dynamics in self-assembled GaN/AlN quantum dots. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:114. [PMID: 35477709 PMCID: PMC9046275 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
III-nitride quantum dots (QDs) are a promising system actively studied for their ability to maintain single photon emission up to room temperature. Here, we report on the evolution of the emission properties of self-assembled GaN/AlN QDs for temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 K. We carefully track the photoluminescence of a single QD and measure an optimum single photon purity of g(2)(0) = 0.05 ± 0.02 at 5 K and 0.17 ± 0.08 at 300 K. We complement this study with temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements (TRPL) performed on a QD ensemble to further investigate the exciton recombination dynamics of such polar zero-dimensional nanostructures. By comparing our results to past reports, we emphasize the complexity of recombination processes in this system. Instead of the more conventional mono-exponential decay typical of exciton recombination, TRPL transients display a bi-exponential feature with short- and long-lived components that persist in the low excitation regime. From the temperature insensitivity of the long-lived excitonic component, we first discard the interplay of dark-to-bright state refilling in the exciton recombination process. Besides, this temperature-invariance also highlights the absence of nonradiative exciton recombinations, a likely direct consequence of the strong carrier confinement observed in GaN/AlN QDs up to 300 K. Overall, our results support the viability of these dots as a potential single-photon source for quantum applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Stachurski
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Tamariz
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Gordon Callsen
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Raphaël Butté
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Grandjean
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Arceci L, Silvi P, Montangero S. Entanglement of Formation of Mixed Many-Body Quantum States via Tree Tensor Operators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:040501. [PMID: 35148155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical strategy to efficiently estimate bipartite entanglement measures, and in particular the entanglement of formation, for many-body quantum systems on a lattice. Our approach exploits the tree tensor operator tensor network Ansatz, a positive loopless representation for density matrices which, as we demonstrate, efficiently encodes information on bipartite entanglement, enabling the upscaling of entanglement estimation. Employing this technique, we observe a finite-size scaling law for the entanglement of formation in 1D critical lattice models at finite temperature for up to 128 spins, extending to mixed states the scaling law for the entanglement entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arceci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Silvi
- Center for Quantum Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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39
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Coccia M. New Directions in Quantum Technologies. SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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40
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Heinrich AJ, Oliver WD, Vandersypen LMK, Ardavan A, Sessoli R, Loss D, Jayich AB, Fernandez-Rossier J, Laucht A, Morello A. Quantum-coherent nanoscience. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1318-1329. [PMID: 34845333 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past three decades nanoscience has widely affected many areas in physics, chemistry and engineering, and has led to numerous fundamental discoveries, as well as applications and products. Concurrently, quantum science and technology has developed into a cross-disciplinary research endeavour connecting these same areas and holds burgeoning commercial promise. Although quantum physics dictates the behaviour of nanoscale objects, quantum coherence, which is central to quantum information, communication and sensing, has not played an explicit role in much of nanoscience. This Review describes fundamental principles and practical applications of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area we call quantum-coherent nanoscience. We structure this Review according to specific degrees of freedom that can be quantum-coherently controlled in a given nanoscale system, such as charge, spin, mechanical motion and photons. We review the current state of the art and focus on outstanding challenges and opportunities unlocked by the merging of nanoscience and coherent quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Physics Department, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - William D Oliver
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry 'U. Schiff' & INSTM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Joaquin Fernandez-Rossier
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Arne Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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41
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Tirone S, Salvia R, Giovannetti V. Quantum Energy Lines and the Optimal Output Ergotropy Problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:210601. [PMID: 34860105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the transferring of useful energy (work) along a transmission line that allows for partial preservation of quantum coherence. As a figure of merit we adopt the maximum values that ergotropy, total ergotropy, and nonequilibrium free energy attain at the output of the line for an assigned input energy threshold. For phase-invariant bosonic Gaussian channel (BGC) models, we show that coherent inputs are optimal. For (one-mode) not phase-invariant BGCs we solve the optimization problem under the extra restriction of Gaussian input signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vittorio Giovannetti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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42
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Touil A, Deffner S. Environment-Assisted Shortcuts to Adiabaticity. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1479. [PMID: 34828177 PMCID: PMC8624449 DOI: 10.3390/e23111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Envariance is a symmetry exhibited by correlated quantum systems. Inspired by this "quantum fact of life," we propose a novel method for shortcuts to adiabaticity, which enables the system to evolve through the adiabatic manifold at all times, solely by controlling the environment. As the main results, we construct the unique form of the driving on the environment that enables such dynamics, for a family of composite states of arbitrary dimension. We compare the cost of this environment-assisted technique with that of counterdiabatic driving, and we illustrate our results for a two-qubit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Touil
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
| | - Sebastian Deffner
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
- Instituto de Física ‘Gleb Wataghin’, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
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43
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Quantum Physics Education Research over the Last Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci11110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantum physics is an essential field of science education research, which reflects the high relevance of research on quantum physics and its technologies all around the globe. In this paper, we report on a bibliometric analysis of the science education research community’s scientific output in the area of quantum physics in the period from 2000 to 2021. A total of 1520 articles published in peer-reviewed physics and science education journals were retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus databases to conduct bibliometric analysis. This study aims to provide an overview of quantum physics education research in terms of scientific production, preferred publication venues, most involved researchers and countries (including collaborations), and research topics. The main findings point to a continuous increase in research output in the field of quantum physics education over the last two decades. Furthermore, they indicate a shift regarding the research foci. While formerly mainly papers on the teaching of quantum physics content were published, recently, an increase in the relevancy of empirical studies on the teaching and learning of quantum physics can be observed.
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44
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Kjærgaard N. Effects of quantum mechanical identity in particle scattering: experimental observations (and lack thereof). J R Soc N Z 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1969957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Kjærgaard
- Department of Physics, QSO – Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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45
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Luo YH, Chen MC, Erhard M, Zhong HS, Wu D, Tang HY, Zhao Q, Wang XL, Fujii K, Li L, Liu NL, Nemoto K, Munro WJ, Lu CY, Zeilinger A, Pan JW. Quantum teleportation of physical qubits into logical code spaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026250118. [PMID: 34479998 PMCID: PMC8433538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum error correction is an essential tool for reliably performing tasks for processing quantum information on a large scale. However, integration into quantum circuits to achieve these tasks is problematic when one realizes that nontransverse operations, which are essential for universal quantum computation, lead to the spread of errors. Quantum gate teleportation has been proposed as an elegant solution for this. Here, one replaces these fragile, nontransverse inline gates with the generation of specific, highly entangled offline resource states that can be teleported into the circuit to implement the nontransverse gate. As the first important step, we create a maximally entangled state between a physical and an error-correctable logical qubit and use it as a teleportation resource. We then demonstrate the teleportation of quantum information encoded on the physical qubit into the error-corrected logical qubit with fidelities up to 0.786. Our scheme can be designed to be fully fault tolerant so that it can be used in future large-scale quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao-Yang Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kae Nemoto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics, NTT Corporation, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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46
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Gilmore KA, Affolter M, Lewis-Swan RJ, Barberena D, Jordan E, Rey AM, Bollinger JJ. Quantum-enhanced sensing of displacements and electric fields with two-dimensional trapped-ion crystals. Science 2021; 373:673-678. [PMID: 34353950 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fully controllable ultracold atomic systems are creating opportunities for quantum sensing, yet demonstrating a quantum advantage in useful applications by harnessing entanglement remains a challenging task. Here, we realize a many-body quantum-enhanced sensor to detect displacements and electric fields using a crystal of ~150 trapped ions. The center-of-mass vibrational mode of the crystal serves as a high-Q mechanical oscillator, and the collective electronic spin serves as the measurement device. By entangling the oscillator and collective spin and controlling the coherent dynamics via a many-body echo, a displacement is mapped into a spin rotation while avoiding quantum back-action and thermal noise. We achieve a sensitivity to displacements of 8.8 ± 0.4 decibels below the standard quantum limit and a sensitivity for measuring electric fields of 240 ± 10 nanovolts per meter in 1 second. Feasible improvements should enable the use of trapped ions in searches for dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Gilmore
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew Affolter
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Robert J Lewis-Swan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,Center for Quantum Research and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Diego Barberena
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Elena Jordan
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA. .,JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.,Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - John J Bollinger
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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47
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Alessio M, Krylov AI. Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Protocol for Calculating Magnetic Properties: Theory and Applications to Single-Molecule Magnets. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4225-4241. [PMID: 34191507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a new computational protocol for computing macroscopic magnetic properties of transition-metal complexes using the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) framework. The approach follows a two-step state-interaction scheme: we first compute zero-order states using nonrelativistic EOM-CC and then use these states to evaluate matrix elements of the spin-orbit and Zeeman operators. Diagonalization of the resulting Hamiltonian yields spin-orbit- and field-perturbed eigenstates. Temperature- and field-dependent magnetization and susceptibility are computed by numerical differentiation of the partition function. To compare with powder-sample experiments, these quantities are numerically averaged over field orientations. We applied this protocol to several single-molecule magnets (SMMs) with Fe(II) and Fe(III) in trigonal pyramidal, linear, and trigonal bipyramidal coordination environments. We described the underlying electronic structure by the electron-attachment (EOM-EA) and spin-flip (EOM-SF) variants of EOM-CC. The computed energy barriers for spin inversion, and macroscopic magnetization and susceptibility agree well with experimental data. Trends in magnetic anisotropy and spin-reversal energy barriers are explained in terms of a molecular orbital picture rigorously distilled from spinless transition density matrices between many-body states. The results illustrate excellent performances of EOM-CC in describing magnetic behavior of mononuclear transition-metal SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Alessio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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48
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Touil A, Weber K, Deffner S. Quantum Euler Relation for Local Measurements. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:889. [PMID: 34356429 PMCID: PMC8303509 DOI: 10.3390/e23070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In classical thermodynamics the Euler relation is an expression for the internal energy as a sum of the products of canonical pairs of extensive and intensive variables. For quantum systems the situation is more intricate, since one has to account for the effects of the measurement back action. To this end, we derive a quantum analog of the Euler relation, which is governed by the information retrieved by local quantum measurements. The validity of the relation is demonstrated for the collective dissipation model, where we find that thermodynamic behavior is exhibited in the weak-coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Touil
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; (K.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Kevin Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; (K.W.); (S.D.)
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sebastian Deffner
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; (K.W.); (S.D.)
- Instituto de Física ‘Gleb Wataghin’, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
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49
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Mirzoyan R, Kazmierczak NP, Hadt RG. Deconvolving Contributions to Decoherence in Molecular Electron Spin Qubits: A Dynamic Ligand Field Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:9482-9494. [PMID: 33855760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, transition metal complexes have gained momentum as electron spin-based quantum bit (qubit) candidates due to their synthetic tunability and long achievable coherence times. The decoherence of magnetic quantum states imposes a limit on the use of these qubits for quantum information technologies, such as quantum computing, sensing, and communication. With rapid recent development in the field of molecular quantum information science, a variety of chemical design principles for prolonging coherence in molecular transition metal qubits have been proposed. Here the spin-spin, motional, and spin-phonon regimes of decoherence are delineated, outlining design principles for each. It is shown how dynamic ligand field models can provide insights into the intramolecular vibrational contributions in the spin-phonon decoherence regime. This minireview aims to inform the development of molecular quantum technologies tailored for different environments and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Mirzoyan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nathanael P Kazmierczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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50
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Han C, Huang J, Jiang X, Fang R, Qiu Y, Lu B, Lee C. Adaptive Bayesian algorithm for achieving a desired magneto-sensitive transition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:21031-21043. [PMID: 34266178 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian methods that utilize Bayes' theorem to update the knowledge of desired parameters after each measurement are used in a wide range of quantum science. For various applications in quantum science, efficiently and accurately achieving a quantum transition frequency is essential. However, the exact relation between a desired transition frequency and the controllable experimental parameters is usually absent. Here, we propose an efficient scheme to search the suitable conditions for a desired magneto-sensitive transition via an adaptive Bayesian algorithm and experimentally demonstrate it by using coherent population trapping in an ensemble of laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. The transition frequency is controlled by an external magnetic field, which can be tuned in realtime by applying a d.c. voltage. Through an adaptive Bayesian algorithm, the voltage can automatically converge to the desired one from a random initial value only after few iterations (N ≥ 10). The response time is limited by the time of obtaining the spectrum signal, which is about 50 s for 10 iterations in our experiment. In particular, when the relation between the target frequency and the applied voltage is nonlinear (e.g., quadratic), our algorithm shows significant advantages over traditional methods. This work provides a simple and efficient way to determine a transition frequency, which can be widely applied in the fields of precision spectroscopy, such as atomic clocks, magnetometers, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
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