1
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Bui HT, Wolf C, Wang Y, Haze M, Ardavan A, Heinrich AJ, Phark SH. All-Electrical Driving and Probing of Dressed States in a Single Spin. ACS Nano 2024; 18:12187-12193. [PMID: 38698541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The subnanometer distance between tip and sample in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) enables the application of very large electric fields with a strength as high as ∼1 GV/m. This has allowed for efficient electrical driving of Rabi oscillations of a single spin on a surface at a moderate radiofrequency (RF) voltage on the order of tens of millivolts. Here, we demonstrate the creation of dressed states of a single electron spin localized in the STM tunnel junction by using resonant RF driving voltages. The read-out of these dressed states was achieved all electrically by a weakly coupled probe spin. Our work highlights the strength of the atomic-scale geometry inherent to the STM that facilitates the creation and control of dressed states, which are promising for the design of atomic scale quantum devices using individual spins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Bui
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Masahiro Haze
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyon Phark
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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2
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Little EJ, Mrozek J, Rogers CJ, Liu J, McInnes EJL, Bowen AM, Ardavan A, Winpenny REP. Title: experimental realisation of multi-qubit gates using electron paramagnetic resonance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7029. [PMID: 37919283 PMCID: PMC10622571 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum information processing promises to revolutionise computing; quantum algorithms have been discovered that address common tasks significantly more efficiently than their classical counterparts. For a physical system to be a viable quantum computer it must be possible to initialise its quantum state, to realise a set of universal quantum logic gates, including at least one multi-qubit gate, and to make measurements of qubit states. Molecular Electron Spin Qubits (MESQs) have been proposed to fulfil these criteria, as their bottom-up synthesis should facilitate tuning properties as desired and the reproducible production of multi-MESQ structures. Here we explore how to perform a two-qubit entangling gate on a multi-MESQ system, and how to readout the state via quantum state tomography. We propose methods of accomplishing both procedures using multifrequency pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and apply them to a model MESQ structure consisting of two nitroxide spin centres. Our results confirm the methodological principles and shed light on the experimental hurdles which must be overcome to realise a demonstration of controlled entanglement on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Little
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacob Mrozek
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Ciarán J Rogers
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Junjie Liu
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Alice M Bowen
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
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3
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Haghighirad AA, Klug MT, Duffy L, Liu J, Ardavan A, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T, Snaith HJ. Probing the Local Electronic Structure in Metal Halide Perovskites through Cobalt Substitution. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300095. [PMID: 36908028 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unique chemical and electronic properties arising from 3d-electrons, substitution with transition metal ions is one of the key routes for engineering new functionalities into materials. While this approach has been used extensively in complex metal oxide perovskites, metal halide perovskites have largely resisted facile isovalent substitution. In this work, it is demonstrated that the substitution of Co2+ into the lattice of methylammonium lead triiodide imparts magnetic behavior to the material while maintaining photovoltaic performance at low concentrations. In addition to comprehensively characterizing its magnetic properties, the Co2+ ions themselves are utilized as probes to sense the local electronic environment of Pb in the perovskite, thereby revealing the nature of their incorporation into the material. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of transition metal incorporation is provided, thereby opening the substitution gateway for developing novel functional perovskite materials and devices for future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Haghighirad
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthew T Klug
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Liam Duffy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Gerrit van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Thorsten Hesjedal
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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4
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Das S, Laguta V, Inzani K, Huang W, Liu J, Chatterjee R, McCarter MR, Susarla S, Ardavan A, Junquera J, Griffin SM, Ramesh R. Inherent Spin-Polarization Coupling in a Magnetoelectric Vortex. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3976-3982. [PMID: 35561341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state materials are currently being explored as a platform for the manipulation of spins for spintronics and quantum information science. More broadly, a wide spectrum of ferroelectric materials, spanning from inorganic oxides to polymeric systems such as PVDF, present a different approach to explore quantum phenomena in which the spins are set and manipulated with electric fields. Using dilute Fe3+-doped ferroelectric PbTiO3-SrTiO3 superlattices as a model system, we demonstrate intrinsic spin-polarization control of spin directionality in complex ferroelectric vortices and skyrmions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra show that the spins in the Fe3+ ion are strongly coupled to the local polarization and preferentially aligned perpendicular to the ferroelectric polar c axis in this complex vortex structure. The effect of polarization-spin directionality is corroborated by first-principles calculations, demonstrating the variation of the spin directionality with the polar texture and offering the potential for future quantum analogues of macroscopic magnetoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Das
- Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Valentyn Laguta
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Inzani
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Weichuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Junjie Liu
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Margaret R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, E-39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Kuhnl A, Roddie C, Kirkwood AA, Tholouli E, Menne T, Patel A, Besley C, Chaganti S, Sanderson R, O'Reilly M, Norman J, Osborne W, Bloor A, Lugthart S, Malladi R, Patten PEM, Neill L, Martinez-Cibrian N, Kennedy H, Phillips EH, Jones C, Sharplin K, El-Sharkawi D, Latif AL, Mathew A, Uttenthal B, Stewart O, Marzolini MAV, Townsend W, Cwynarski K, Ardeshna K, Ardavan A, Robinson K, Pagliuca A, Collins GP, Johnson R, McMillan A. A national service for delivering CD19 CAR-Tin large B-cell lymphoma - The UK real-world experience. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:492-502. [PMID: 35485402 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD19 CAR-T have emerged as a new standard treatment for relapsed/refractory (r/r) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). CAR-T real-world (RW) outcomes published to date suggest significant variability across countries. We provide results of a large national cohort of patients intended to be treated with CAR-T in the UK. Consecutive patients with r/r LBCL approved for CAR-T by the National CAR-T Clinical Panel between December 2018 and November 2020 across all UK CAR-T centres were included. 404/432 patients were approved [292 axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), 112 tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel)], 300 (74%) received the cells. 110/300 (38.3%) patients achieved complete remission (CR) at 6 months (m). The overall response rate was 77% (52% CR) for axi-cel, 57% (44% CR) for tisa-cel. The 12-month progression-free survival was 41.8% (axi-cel) and 27.4% (tisa-cel). Median overall survival for the intention-to-treat population was 10.5 m, 16.2 m for infused patients. The incidence of grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity were 7.6%/19.6% for axi-cel and 7.9%/3.9% for tisa-cel. This prospective RW population of CAR-T eligible patients offers important insights into the clinical benefit of CD19 CAR-T in LBCL in daily practice. Our results confirm long-term efficacy in patients receiving treatment similar to the pivotal trials, but highlight the significance of early CAR-T failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kuhnl
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claire Roddie
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amy A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Tholouli
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Amit Patel
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Besley
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Sridhar Chaganti
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robin Sanderson
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maeve O'Reilly
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Jane Norman
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Wendy Osborne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Adrian Bloor
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sanne Lugthart
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Ram Malladi
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Piers E M Patten
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lorna Neill
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | - Hannah Kennedy
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Phillips
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ceri Jones
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kirsty Sharplin
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Amrith Mathew
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Orla Stewart
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - William Townsend
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Kate Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Kirit Ardeshna
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- NCRI Consumer Forum, London, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Graham P Collins
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrew McMillan
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
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6
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Heinrich AJ, Oliver WD, Vandersypen LMK, Ardavan A, Sessoli R, Loss D, Jayich AB, Fernandez-Rossier J, Laucht A, Morello A. Quantum-coherent nanoscience. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1318-1329. [PMID: 34845333 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past three decades nanoscience has widely affected many areas in physics, chemistry and engineering, and has led to numerous fundamental discoveries, as well as applications and products. Concurrently, quantum science and technology has developed into a cross-disciplinary research endeavour connecting these same areas and holds burgeoning commercial promise. Although quantum physics dictates the behaviour of nanoscale objects, quantum coherence, which is central to quantum information, communication and sensing, has not played an explicit role in much of nanoscience. This Review describes fundamental principles and practical applications of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area we call quantum-coherent nanoscience. We structure this Review according to specific degrees of freedom that can be quantum-coherently controlled in a given nanoscale system, such as charge, spin, mechanical motion and photons. We review the current state of the art and focus on outstanding challenges and opportunities unlocked by the merging of nanoscience and coherent quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Physics Department, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - William D Oliver
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry 'U. Schiff' & INSTM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Joaquin Fernandez-Rossier
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Arne Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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7
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Buzzi M, Nicoletti D, Fava S, Jotzu G, Miyagawa K, Kanoda K, Henderson A, Siegrist T, Schlueter JA, Nam MS, Ardavan A, Cavalleri A. Phase Diagram for Light-Induced Superconductivity in κ-(ET)_{2}-X. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:197002. [PMID: 34797153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resonant optical excitation of certain molecular vibrations in κ-(BEDT-TTF)_{2}Cu[N(CN)_{2}]Br has been shown to induce transient superconductinglike optical properties at temperatures far above equilibrium T_{c}. Here, we report experiments across the bandwidth-tuned phase diagram of this class of materials, and study the Mott insulator κ-(BEDT-TTF)_{2}Cu[N(CN)_{2}]Cl and the metallic compound κ-(BEDT-TTF)_{2}Cu(NCS)_{2}. We find nonequilibrium photoinduced superconductivity only in κ-(BEDT-TTF)_{2}Cu[N(CN)_{2}]Br, indicating that the proximity to the Mott insulating phase and possibly the presence of preexisting superconducting fluctuations are prerequisites for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Nicoletti
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Fava
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Jotzu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Henderson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 31310, USA
| | - T Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 31310, USA
| | - J A Schlueter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 31310, USA
- Division of Material Research, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA
| | - M-S Nam
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Ardavan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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8
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Booth S, Kirkwood A, Johnson P, Barrington S, Gallop‐Evans E, Peggs K, Warbey V, Burton C, Ardavan A, Phillips B, Lawrie E, Pike L, Northend M, Clifton‐Hadley L, Jenner R, Collins GP. ANIMATE: A PHASE II STUDY OF NIVOLUMAB IN TRANSPLANT ELIGIBLE PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.159_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Booth
- Oxford University Hospitals Department of Haematology Oxford UK
| | - A. Kirkwood
- UCL Cancer Institute CR UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - P. Johnson
- University of Southampton Department of Medicine London UK
| | - S. Barrington
- King’s College London King’s College London and Guys’ & St Thomas PET Imaging Centre London UK
| | - E. Gallop‐Evans
- Velindre University NHS Trust Department of Oncology Cardiff UK
| | - K. Peggs
- University College London Hospitals Haematology London UK
| | - V. Warbey
- King’s College London King’s College London and Guys’ & St Thomas PET Imaging Centre London UK
| | - C. Burton
- Leeds Cancer Centre Haematology Leeds UK
| | - A. Ardavan
- University of Oxford Department of Physics Oxford UK
| | - B. Phillips
- University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Division of Cancer Science Manchester UK
| | - E. Lawrie
- UCL Cancer Institute CR UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - L. Pike
- King’s College London King’s College London and Guys’ & St Thomas PET Imaging Centre London UK
| | - M. Northend
- UCL Cancer Institute CR UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | | | - R. Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute CR UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre London UK
| | - G. P. Collins
- Oxford University Hospitals Department of Haematology Oxford UK
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9
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Liu J, Laguta VV, Inzani K, Huang W, Das S, Chatterjee R, Sheridan E, Griffin SM, Ardavan A, Ramesh R. Coherent electric field manipulation of Fe 3+ spins in PbTiO 3. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/10/eabf8103. [PMID: 33658210 PMCID: PMC7929503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectrics, materials that exhibit coupling between magnetic and electric degrees of freedom, not only offer a rich environment for studying the fundamental materials physics of spin-charge coupling but also present opportunities for future information technology paradigms. We present results of electric field manipulation of spins in a ferroelectric medium using dilute ferric ion-doped lead titanate as a model system. Combining first-principles calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we show that the ferric ion spins are preferentially aligned perpendicular to the ferroelectric polar axis, which we can manipulate using an electric field. We also demonstrate coherent control of the phase of spin superpositions by applying electric field pulses during time-resolved EPR measurements. Our results suggest a new pathway toward the manipulation of spins for quantum and classical spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Valentin V Laguta
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Inzani
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weichuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Evan Sheridan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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10
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Yang K, Paul W, Phark SH, Willke P, Bae Y, Choi T, Esat T, Ardavan A, Heinrich AJ, Lutz CP. Coherent spin manipulation of individual atoms on a surface. Science 2019; 366:509-512. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - William Paul
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Soo-Hyon Phark
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip Willke
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Bae
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Taner Esat
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Andreas J. Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu J, Kittaka S, Johnson RD, Lancaster T, Singleton J, Sakakibara T, Kohama Y, van Tol J, Ardavan A, Williams BH, Blundell SJ, Manson ZE, Manson JL, Goddard PA. Unconventional Field-Induced Spin Gap in an S=1/2 Chiral Staggered Chain. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:057207. [PMID: 30822013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.057207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the low-temperature magnetic properties of the molecule-based chiral spin chain [Cu(pym)(H_{2}O)_{4}]SiF_{6}·H_{2}O (pym=pyrimidine). Electron-spin resonance, magnetometry and heat capacity measurements reveal the presence of staggered g tensors, a rich low-temperature excitation spectrum, a staggered susceptibility, and a spin gap that opens on the application of a magnetic field. These phenomena are reminiscent of those previously observed in nonchiral staggered chains, which are explicable within the sine-Gordon quantum-field theory. In the present case, however, although the sine-Gordon model accounts well for the form of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity, the size of the gap and its measured linear field dependence do not fit with the sine-Gordon theory as it stands. We propose that the differences arise due to additional terms in the Hamiltonian resulting from the chiral structure of [Cu(pym)(H_{2}O)_{4}]SiF_{6}·H_{2}O, particularly a uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling and a fourfold periodic staggered field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Kittaka
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - R D Johnson
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T Lancaster
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - J Singleton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS-E536, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Sakakibara
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Kohama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - J van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - A Ardavan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B H Williams
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S J Blundell
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Z E Manson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004, USA
| | - J L Manson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004, USA
| | - P A Goddard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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12
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Liu J, Mrozek J, Myers WK, Timco GA, Winpenny REP, Kintzel B, Plass W, Ardavan A. Electric Field Control of Spins in Molecular Magnets. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:037202. [PMID: 30735403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control of individual molecular spins in nanodevices is a pivotal prerequisite for fulfilling the potential promised by molecular spintronics. By applying electric field pulses during time-resolved electron spin resonance measurements, we measure the sensitivity of the spin in several antiferromagnetic molecular nanomagnets to external electric fields. We find a linear electric field dependence of the spin states in Cr_{7}Mn, an antiferromagnetic ring with a ground-state spin of S=1, and in a frustrated Cu_{3} triangle, both with coefficients of about 2 rad s^{-1}/V m^{-1}. Conversely, the antiferromagnetic ring Cr_{7}Ni, isomorphic with Cr_{7}Mn but with S=1/2, does not exhibit a detectable effect. We propose that the spin-electric field coupling may be used for selectively controlling individual molecules embedded in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Mrozek
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - William K Myers
- CAESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Grigore A Timco
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kintzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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13
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Yang K, Willke P, Bae Y, Ferrón A, Lado JL, Ardavan A, Fernández-Rossier J, Heinrich AJ, Lutz CP. Electrically controlled nuclear polarization of individual atoms. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:1120-1125. [PMID: 30397285 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spins serve as sensitive probes in chemistry1 and materials science2 and are promising candidates for quantum information processing3-6. NMR, the resonant control of nuclear spins, is a powerful tool for probing local magnetic environments in condensed matter systems, which range from magnetic ordering in high-temperature superconductors7,8 and spin liquids9 to quantum magnetism in nanomagnets10,11. Increasing the sensitivity of NMR to the single-atom scale is challenging as it requires a strong polarization of nuclear spins, well in excess of the low polarizations obtained at thermal equilibrium, as well as driving and detecting them individually4,5,12. Strong nuclear spin polarization, known as hyperpolarization, can be achieved through hyperfine coupling with electron spins2. The fundamental mechanism is the conservation of angular momentum: an electron spin flips and a nuclear spin flops. The nuclear hyperpolarization enables applications such as in vivo magnetic resonance imaging using nanoparticles13, and is harnessed for spin-based quantum information processing in quantum dots14 and doped silicon15-17. Here we polarize the nuclear spins of individual copper atoms on a surface using a spin-polarized current in a scanning tunnelling microscope. By employing the electron-nuclear flip-flop hyperfine interaction, the spin angular momentum is transferred from tunnelling electrons to the nucleus of individual Cu atoms. The direction and magnitude of the nuclear polarization is controlled by the direction and amplitude of the current. The nuclear polarization permits the detection of the NMR of individual Cu atoms, which is used to sense the local magnetic environment of the Cu electron spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Philip Willke
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Bae
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandro Ferrón
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (CONICET-UNNE) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Jose L Lado
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Rossier
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Nam MS, Williams BH, Chen Y, Contera S, Yao S, Lu M, Chen YF, Timco GA, Muryn CA, Winpenny REP, Ardavan A. Author Correction: How to probe the spin contribution to momentum relaxation in topological insulators. Nat Commun 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 29449552 PMCID: PMC5814397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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Kintzel B, Böhme M, Liu J, Burkhardt A, Mrozek J, Buchholz A, Ardavan A, Plass W. Molecular electronic spin qubits from a spin-frustrated trinuclear copper complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12934-12937. [PMID: 30302454 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trinuclear copper(ii) complex [Cu3(saltag)(py)6]ClO4 (H5saltag = tris(2-hydroxybenzylidene)triaminoguanidine) was synthesized and characterized by experimental as well as theoretical methods. This complex exhibits a strong antiferromagnetic coupling (J = -298 cm-1) between the copper(ii) ions, mediated by the N-N diazine bridges of the tritopic ligand, leading to a spin-frustrated system. This compound shows a T2 coherence time of 340 ns in frozen pyridine solution, which extends to 591 ns by changing the solvent to pyridine-d5. Hence, the presented compound is a promising candidate as a building block for molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kintzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Junjie Liu
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Anja Burkhardt
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Mrozek
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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16
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Willke P, Bae Y, Yang K, Lado JL, Ferrón A, Choi T, Ardavan A, Fernández-Rossier J, Heinrich AJ, Lutz CP. Hyperfine interaction of individual atoms on a surface. Science 2018; 362:336-339. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Willke
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Bae
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Yang
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Jose L. Lado
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-310 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Ferrón
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (CONICET-UNNE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Andreas J. Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hu Z, Dong BW, Liu Z, Liu JJ, Su J, Yu C, Xiong J, Shi DE, Wang Y, Wang BW, Ardavan A, Shi Z, Jiang SD, Gao S. Correction to “Endohedral Metallofullerene as Molecular High Spin Qubit: Diverse Rabi Cycles in Gd2@C79N”. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6183. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Hu Z, Dong BW, Liu Z, Liu JJ, Su J, Yu C, Xiong J, Shi DE, Wang Y, Wang BW, Ardavan A, Shi Z, Jiang SD, Gao S. Endohedral Metallofullerene as Molecular High Spin Qubit: Diverse Rabi Cycles in Gd2@C79N. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wei Dong
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- CAESR,
The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Jie Su
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Yu
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiong
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Er Shi
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR,
The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Zujin Shi
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Materials Chemistry and Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric
Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Nam MS, Williams BH, Chen Y, Contera S, Yao S, Lu M, Chen YF, Timco GA, Muryn CA, Winpenny REP, Ardavan A. How to probe the spin contribution to momentum relaxation in topological insulators. Nat Commun 2018; 9:56. [PMID: 29302030 PMCID: PMC5754345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological insulators exhibit a metallic surface state in which the directions of the carriers' momentum and spin are locked together. This characteristic property, which lies at the heart of proposed applications of topological insulators, protects carriers in the surface state from back-scattering unless the scattering centres are time-reversal symmetry breaking (i.e. magnetic). Here, we introduce a method of probing the effect of magnetic scattering by decorating the surface of topological insulators with molecules, whose magnetic degrees of freedom can be engineered independently of their electrostatic structure. We show that this approach allows us to separate the effects of magnetic and non-magnetic scattering in the perturbative limit. We thereby confirm that the low-temperature conductivity of SmB6 is dominated by a surface state and that the momentum of quasiparticles in this state is particularly sensitive to magnetic scatterers, as expected in a topological insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Sun Nam
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Williams
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Yulin Chen
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Sonia Contera
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Shuhua Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Feng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Grigore A Timco
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher A Muryn
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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20
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Harding RT, Zhou S, Zhou J, Lindvall T, Myers WK, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K, Laird EA. Spin Resonance Clock Transition of the Endohedral Fullerene ^{15}N@C_{60}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:140801. [PMID: 29053333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The endohedral fullerene ^{15}N@C_{60} has narrow electron paramagnetic resonance lines which have been proposed as the basis for a condensed-matter portable atomic clock. We measure the low-frequency spectrum of this molecule, identifying and characterizing a clock transition at which the frequency becomes insensitive to magnetic field. We infer a linewidth at the clock field of 100 kHz. Using experimental data, we are able to place a bound on the clock's projected frequency stability. We discuss ways to improve the frequency stability to be competitive with existing miniature clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Harding
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - T Lindvall
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Centre for Metrology MIKES, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - W K Myers
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - A Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G A D Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - K Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - E A Laird
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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21
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Mergenthaler M, Liu J, Le Roy JJ, Ares N, Thompson AL, Bogani L, Luis F, Blundell SJ, Lancaster T, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Leek PJ, Laird EA. Strong Coupling of Microwave Photons to Antiferromagnetic Fluctuations in an Organic Magnet. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:147701. [PMID: 29053322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between a crystal of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium radicals and a superconducting microwave resonator is investigated in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture. The crystal exhibits paramagnetic behavior above 4 K, with antiferromagnetic correlations appearing below this temperature, and we demonstrate strong coupling at base temperature. The magnetic resonance acquires a field angle dependence as the crystal is cooled down, indicating anisotropy of the exchange interactions. These results show that multispin modes in organic crystals are suitable for circuit QED, offering a platform for their coherent manipulation. They also utilize the circuit QED architecture as a way to probe spin correlations at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mergenthaler
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Le Roy
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ares
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Luis
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (CSIC-U. de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stephen J Blundell
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lancaster
- Durham University, Centre for Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Leek
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A Laird
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
Nanostructured materials, including plasmonic metamaterials made from gold and silver nanoparticles, provide access to new materials properties. The assembly of nanoparticles into extended arrays can be controlled through surface functionalization and the use of increasingly sophisticated linkers. We present a versatile way to control the bonding symmetry of gold nanoparticles by wrapping them in flower-shaped DNA origami structures. These "nanoflowers" assemble into two-dimensonal gold nanoparticle lattices with symmetries that can be controlled through auxiliary DNA linker strands. Nanoflower lattices are true composites: interactions between the gold nanoparticles are mediated entirely by DNA, and the DNA origami will fold into its designed form only in the presence of the gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schreiber
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ibon Santiago
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Turberfield
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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23
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Gehring P, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lau CS, Liu J, Ardavan A, Warner JH, Lambert CJ, Briggs GAD, Mol JA. Quantum Interference in Graphene Nanoconstrictions. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4210-6. [PMID: 27295198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum interference effects in the electrical conductance of chemical vapor deposited graphene nanoconstrictions fabricated using feedback controlled electroburning. The observed multimode Fabry-Pérot interferences can be attributed to reflections at potential steps inside the channel. Sharp antiresonance features with a Fano line shape are observed. Theoretical modeling reveals that these Fano resonances are due to localized states inside the constriction, which couple to the delocalized states that also give rise to the Fabry-Pérot interference patterns. This study provides new insight into the interplay between two fundamental forms of quantum interference in graphene nanoconstrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gehring
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Chit Siong Lau
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - G Andrew D Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kindom
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24
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Liu J, Goddard PA, Singleton J, Brambleby J, Foronda F, Möller JS, Kohama Y, Ghannadzadeh S, Ardavan A, Blundell SJ, Lancaster T, Xiao F, Williams RC, Pratt FL, Baker PJ, Wierschem K, Lapidus SH, Stone KH, Stephens PW, Bendix J, Woods TJ, Carreiro KE, Tran HE, Villa CJ, Manson JL. Antiferromagnetism in a Family of S = 1 Square Lattice Coordination Polymers NiX2(pyz)2 (X = Cl, Br, I, NCS; pyz = Pyrazine). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3515-29. [PMID: 27002487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of NiX2(pyz)2 (X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), and NCS (4)) were determined by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. All four compounds consist of two-dimensional (2D) square arrays self-assembled from octahedral NiN4X2 units that are bridged by pyz ligands. The 2D layered motifs displayed by 1-4 are relevant to bifluoride-bridged [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]EF6 (E = P, Sb), which also possess the same 2D layers. In contrast, terminal X ligands occupy axial positions in 1-4 and cause a staggered packing of adjacent layers. Long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order occurs below 1.5 (Cl), 1.9 (Br and NCS), and 2.5 K (I) as determined by heat capacity and muon-spin relaxation. The single-ion anisotropy and g factor of 2, 3, and 4 were measured by electron-spin resonance with no evidence for zero-field splitting (ZFS) being observed. The magnetism of 1-4 spans the spectrum from quasi-two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetism. Nearly identical results and thermodynamic features were obtained for 2 and 4 as shown by pulsed-field magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, as well as their Néel temperatures. Magnetization curves for 2 and 4 calculated by quantum Monte Carlo simulation also show excellent agreement with the pulsed-field data. Compound 3 is characterized as a 3D AFM with the interlayer interaction (J⊥) being slightly stronger than the intralayer interaction along Ni-pyz-Ni segments (J(pyz)) within the two-dimensional [Ni(pyz)2](2+) square planes. Regardless of X, J(pyz) is similar for the four compounds and is roughly 1 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Goddard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - John Singleton
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory , MS-E536, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jamie Brambleby
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Foronda
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes S Möller
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohama
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory , MS-E536, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Saman Ghannadzadeh
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Blundell
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Lancaster
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Xiao
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Williams
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Francis L Pratt
- ISIS Pulsed Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Baker
- ISIS Pulsed Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Keola Wierschem
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Saul H Lapidus
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kevin H Stone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Peter W Stephens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Toby J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University , Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
| | - Kimberly E Carreiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University , Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
| | - Hope E Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University , Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
| | - Cecelia J Villa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University , Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
| | - Jamie L Manson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Washington University , Cheney, Washington 99004, United States
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Abstract
We combined the high-energy resolution of conventional spin resonance (here ~10 nano-electron volts) with scanning tunneling microscopy to measure electron paramagnetic resonance of individual iron (Fe) atoms placed on a magnesium oxide film. We drove the spin resonance with an oscillating electric field (20 to 30 gigahertz) between tip and sample. The readout of the Fe atom's quantum state was performed by spin-polarized detection of the atomic-scale tunneling magnetoresistance. We determine an energy relaxation time of T1 ≈ 100 microseconds and a phase-coherence time of T2 ≈ 210 nanoseconds. The spin resonance signals of different Fe atoms differ by much more than their resonance linewidth; in a traditional ensemble measurement, this difference would appear as inhomogeneous broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Baumann
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA. Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - William Paul
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA.
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Christopher P Lutz
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
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26
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Fernandez A, Ferrando-Soria J, Pineda EM, Tuna F, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Knappke C, Ujma J, Muryn CA, Timco GA, Barran PE, Ardavan A, Winpenny RE. Making hybrid [n]-rotaxanes as supramolecular arrays of molecular electron spin qubits. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10240. [PMID: 26742716 PMCID: PMC4729860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum information processing (QIP) would require that the individual units involved--qubits--communicate to other qubits while retaining their identity. In many ways this resembles the way supramolecular chemistry brings together individual molecules into interlocked structures, where the assembly has one identity but where the individual components are still recognizable. Here a fully modular supramolecular strategy has been to link hybrid organic-inorganic [2]- and [3]-rotaxanes into still larger [4]-, [5]- and [7]-rotaxanes. The ring components are heterometallic octanuclear [Cr7NiF8(O2C(t)Bu)16](-) coordination cages and the thread components template the formation of the ring about the organic axle, and are further functionalized to act as a ligand, which leads to large supramolecular arrays of these heterometallic rings. As the rings have been proposed as qubits for QIP, the strategy provides a possible route towards scalable molecular electron spin devices for QIP. Double electron-electron resonance experiments demonstrate inter-qubit interactions suitable for mediating two-qubit quantum logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jesus Ferrando-Soria
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eufemio Moreno Pineda
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iñigo J. Vitorica-Yrezabal
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Jakub Ujma
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher A. Muryn
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Grigore A. Timco
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Department of Physics, Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, The Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Richard E.P. Winpenny
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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27
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Spielberg ET, Gilb A, Plaul D, Geibig D, Hornig D, Schuch D, Buchholz A, Ardavan A, Plass W. A Spin-Frustrated Trinuclear Copper Complex Based on Triaminoguanidine with an Energetically Well-Separated Degenerate Ground State. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3432-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic503095t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eike T. Spielberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aksana Gilb
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Plaul
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Geibig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David Hornig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schuch
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Centre for Advanced Spin Resonance, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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28
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Moro F, Kaminski D, Tuna F, Whitehead GFS, Timco GA, Collison D, Winpenny REP, Ardavan A, McInnes EJL. Coherent electron spin manipulation in a dilute oriented ensemble of molecular nanomagnets: pulsed EPR on doped single crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:91-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46326e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Nam MS, Mézière C, Batail P, Zorina L, Simonov S, Ardavan A. Superconducting fluctuations in organic molecular metals enhanced by Mott criticality. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3390. [PMID: 24292063 PMCID: PMC3844941 DOI: 10.1038/srep03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity typically occurs in materials in which a small change of a parameter such as bandwidth or doping leads to antiferromagnetic or Mott insulating phases. As such competing phases are approached, the properties of the superconductor often become increasingly exotic. For example, in organic superconductors and underdoped high-Tc cuprate superconductors a fluctuating superconducting state persists to temperatures significantly above Tc. By studying alloys of quasi-two-dimensional organic molecular metals in the κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X family, we reveal how the Nernst effect, a sensitive probe of superconducting phase fluctuations, evolves in the regime of extreme Mott criticality. We find strong evidence that, as the phase diagram is traversed through superconductivity towards the Mott state, the temperature scale for superconducting fluctuations increases dramatically, eventually approaching the temperature at which quasiparticles become identifiable at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Sun Nam
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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30
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George RE, Edwards JP, Ardavan A. Coherent spin control by electrical manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:027601. [PMID: 23383938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.027601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-spin paramagnetic manganese defects in polar piezoelectric zinc oxide exhibit a simple, almost axial anisotropy and phase coherence times of the order of a millisecond at low temperatures. The anisotropy energy is tunable using an externally applied electric field. This can be used to control electrically the phase of spin superpositions and to drive spin transitions with resonant microwave electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E George
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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31
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Plant SR, Jevric M, Morton JJL, Ardavan A, Khlobystov AN, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. A two-step approach to the synthesis of N@C60 fullerene dimers for molecular qubits. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Wedge CJ, Timco GA, Spielberg ET, George RE, Tuna F, Rigby S, McInnes EJL, Winpenny REP, Blundell SJ, Ardavan A. Chemical engineering of molecular qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:107204. [PMID: 22463450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that the electron spin phase memory time, the most important property of a molecular nanomagnet from the perspective of quantum information processing, can be improved dramatically by chemically engineering the molecular structure to optimize the environment of the spin. We vary systematically each structural component of the class of antiferromagnetic Cr(7)Ni rings to identify the sources of decoherence. The optimal structure exhibits a phase memory time exceeding 15 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wedge
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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33
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Farrington BJ, Jevric M, Rance GA, Ardavan A, Khlobystov AN, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. Chemistry at the Nanoscale: Synthesis of an N@C60-N@C60 Endohedral Fullerene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3587-90. [PMID: 22383390 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Farrington
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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34
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Farrington BJ, Jevric M, Rance GA, Ardavan A, Khlobystov AN, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. Chemistry at the Nanoscale: Synthesis of an N@C60-N@C60 Endohedral Fullerene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Dalili D, Fouladdel S, Rastkari N, Samadi N, Ahmadkhaniha R, Ardavan A, Azizi E. Prodigiosin, the red pigment of Serratia marcescens, shows cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction in HT-29 and T47D cancer cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:2078-83. [PMID: 21985476 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.622276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a red pigment of Serratia marcescens PTCC 1111 was purified and identified for antiproliferative activities in HT-29 and T47D cancer cell lines. (1)H-NMR spectroscopy and LC/MS analysis confirmed prodigiosin structure. The antiproliferative effects of prodigiosin were determined by employing the MTT assay. The changes in cell cycle pattern were studied with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) reagent using flow cytometry assay, and Annexin V-PI method was used for apoptotic analysis. Results of MTT assay showed that HT-29 cells were more sensitive to prodigiosin than T47D cells. Prodigiosin-treated HT-29 cells showed increase in S phase and decrease in G2/M, but treated T47D cells showed cell cycle pattern relatively similar to Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI). Apoptotic effect of prodigiosin was higher than doxorubicin in HT-29 cells. The data reported here indicate that prodigiosin is a promising antineoplastic agent that triggers apoptosis in different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dalili
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Abstract
Superposition and entanglement are uniquely quantum phenomena. Superposition incorporates a phase that contains information surpassing any classical mixture. Entanglement offers correlations between measurements in quantum systems that are stronger than any that would be possible classically. These give quantum computing its spectacular potential, but the implications extend far beyond quantum information processing. Early applications may be found in entanglement-enhanced sensing and metrology. Quantum spins in condensed matter offer promising candidates for investigating and exploiting superposition and entanglement, and enormous progress is being made in quantum control of such systems. In gallium arsenide (GaAs), individual electron spins can be manipulated and measured, and singlet-triplet states can be controlled in double-dot structures. In silicon, individual electron spins can be detected by ionization of phosphorus donors, and information can be transferred from electron spins to nuclear spins to provide long memory times. Electron and nuclear spins can be manipulated in nitrogen atoms incarcerated in fullerene molecules, which in turn can be assembled in ordered arrays. Spin states of charged nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond can be manipulated and read optically. Collective spin states in a range of materials systems offer scope for holographic storage of information. Conditions are now excellent for implementing superposition and entanglement in spintronic devices, thereby opening up a new era of quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ardavan
- The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
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37
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38
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Brown RM, Tyryshkin AM, Porfyrakis K, Gauger EM, Lovett BW, Ardavan A, Lyon SA, Briggs GAD, Morton JJL. Coherent state transfer between an electron and nuclear spin in (15)N@C(60). Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:110504. [PMID: 21469852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin qubits in molecular systems offer high reproducibility and the ability to self-assemble into larger architectures. However, interactions between neighboring qubits are "always on," and although the electron spin coherence times can be several hundred microseconds, these are still much shorter than typical times for nuclear spins. Here we implement an electron-nuclear hybrid scheme which uses coherent transfer between electron and nuclear spin degrees of freedom in order to both effectively turn on or off interqubit coupling mediated by dipolar interactions and benefit from the long nuclear spin decoherence times (T(2n)). We transfer qubit states between the electron and (15)N nuclear spin in (15)N@C(60) with a two-way process fidelity of 88%, using a series of tuned microwave and radio frequency pulses and measure a nuclear spin coherence lifetime of over 100 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Brown
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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39
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Lang V, Lo CC, George RE, Lyon SA, Bokor J, Schenkel T, Ardavan A, Morton JJL. Electrically detected magnetic resonance in a W-band microwave cavity. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:034704. [PMID: 21456773 DOI: 10.1063/1.3557395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a low-temperature sample probe for the electrical detection of magnetic resonance in a resonant W-band (94 GHz) microwave cavity. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated by experiments on silicon field-effect transistors. A comparison with conventional low-frequency measurements at X-band (9.7 GHz) on the same devices reveals an up to 100-fold enhancement of the signal intensity. In addition, resonance lines that are unresolved at X-band are clearly separated in the W-band measurements. Electrically detected magnetic resonance at high magnetic fields and high microwave frequencies is therefore a very sensitive technique for studying electron spins with an enhanced spectral resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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Zaka M, Ito Y, Wang H, Yan W, Robertson A, Wu YA, Rümmeli MH, Staunton D, Hashimoto T, Morton JJL, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Warner JH. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of purified catalyst-free single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 2010; 4:7708-7716. [PMID: 21082779 DOI: 10.1021/nn102602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been bedevilled by the presence of paramagnetic impurities. To address this, SWCNTs produced by laser ablation with a nonmagnetic PtRhRe catalyst were purified through a multiple step centrifugation process in order to remove amorphous carbon and catalyst impurities. Centrifugation of a SWCNT solution resulted in sedimentation of carbon nanotube bundles containing clusters of catalyst particles, while isolated nanotubes with reduced catalyst particle content remained in the supernatant. Further ultracentrifugation resulted in highly purified SWCNT samples with a narrow diameter distribution and almost no detectable catalyst particles. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals were detected only for samples which contained catalyst particles, with the ultracentrifuged SWCNTs showing no EPR signal at X-band (9.4 GHz) and fields < 0.4 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Zaka
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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Wu H, George RE, Wesenberg JH, Mølmer K, Schuster DI, Schoelkopf RJ, Itoh KM, Ardavan A, Morton JJL, Briggs GAD. Storage of multiple coherent microwave excitations in an electron spin ensemble. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:140503. [PMID: 21230819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between a microwave photon and electron spins, which could enable a long-lived quantum memory element for superconducting qubits, is possible using a large ensemble of spins. This represents an inefficient use of resources unless multiple photons, or qubits, can be orthogonally stored and retrieved. Here we employ holographic techniques to realize a coherent memory using a pulsed magnetic field gradient and demonstrate the storage and retrieval of up to 100 weak 10 GHz coherent excitations in collective states of an electron spin ensemble. We further show that such collective excitations in the electron spin can then be stored in nuclear spin states, which offer coherence times in excess of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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Schaffry M, Filidou V, Karlen SD, Gauger EM, Benjamin SC, Anderson HL, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Maeda K, Henbest KB, Giustino F, Morton JJL, Lovett BW. Entangling remote nuclear spins linked by a chromophore. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:200501. [PMID: 20867015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular nanostructures may constitute the fabric of future quantum technologies, if their degrees of freedom can be fully harnessed. Ideally one might use nuclear spins as low-decoherence qubits and optical excitations for fast controllable interactions. Here, we present a method for entangling two nuclear spins through their mutual coupling to a transient optically excited electron spin, and investigate its feasibility through density-functional theory and experiments on a test molecule. From our calculations we identify the specific molecular properties that permit high entangling power gates under simple optical and microwave pulses; synthesis of such molecules is possible with established techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schaffry
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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Ito Y, Warner JH, Brown R, Zaka M, Pfeiffer R, Aono T, Izumi N, Okimoto H, Morton JJL, Ardavan A, Shinohara H, Kuzmany H, Peterlik H, Briggs GAD. Controlling intermolecular spin interactions of La@C(82) in empty fullerene matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1618-23. [PMID: 20126778 DOI: 10.1039/b913593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ESR properties and crystal structures of solid-state La@C(82) in empty fullerene matrices were investigated by changing the concentration of La@C(82) and the species of an empty fullerene matrix: C(60), C(70), C(78)(C(2v)(3)), C(82)(C(2)) and C(84)(D(2d)(4)). The rotational correlation time of La@C(82) molecules tended to be shorter when La@C(82) is dispersed in larger fullerene matrices because large C(2n) molecules provide more space for La@C(82) molecules for rotating. La@C(82) dispersed in a hcp-C(82) matrix showed the narrowest hyperfine structure (hfs) due to the ordered nature of La@C(82) molecules in the C(82) crystal. On the other hand, in a C(60) matrix, La@C(82) molecules formed clusters because of the large different solubility, which leads to the ESR spectra being broad sloping features due to strong dipole-dipole and exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ito
- Department of Materials, Quantum Information Processing Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (QIP IRC), University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, UKOX1 3PH.
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Wesenberg JH, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Morton JJL, Schoelkopf RJ, Schuster DI, Mølmer K. Quantum computing with an electron spin ensemble. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:070502. [PMID: 19792625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose to encode a register of quantum bits in different collective electron spin wave excitations in a solid medium. Coupling to spins is enabled by locating them in the vicinity of a superconducting transmission line cavity, and making use of their strong collective coupling to the quantized radiation field. The transformation between different spin waves is achieved by applying gradient magnetic fields across the sample, while a Cooper pair box, resonant with the cavity field, may be used to carry out one- and two-qubit gate operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wesenberg
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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Plant SR, Dantelle G, Ito Y, Ng TC, Ardavan A, Shinohara H, Taylor RA, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. Acuminated fluorescence of Er3+ centres in endohedral fullerenes through the incarceration of a carbide cluster. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jones JA, Karlen SD, Fitzsimons J, Ardavan A, Benjamin SC, Briggs GAD, Morton JJL. Magnetic Field Sensing Beyond the Standard Quantum Limit Using 10-Spin NOON States. Science 2009; 324:1166-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1170730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Jones
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Joseph Fitzsimons
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- Institute of Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Simon C. Benjamin
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | | | - John J. L. Morton
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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Plant SR, Ng TC, Warner JH, Dantelle G, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. A bimetallic endohedral fullerene: PrSc@C80. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4082-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b902520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morton JJL, Tyryshkin AM, Brown RM, Shankar S, Lovett BW, Ardavan A, Schenkel T, Haller EE, Ager JW, Lyon SA. Solid-state quantum memory using the 31P nuclear spin. Nature 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morton JJL, Tiwari A, Dantelle G, Porfyrakis K, Ardavan A, Briggs GAD. Switchable ErSc2N rotor within a C80 fullerene cage: an electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence excitation study. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:013002. [PMID: 18764109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the possibility of observing photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance from the same species located within a fullerene molecule, we initiated an EPR study of Er3+ in ErSc2N@C80. Two orientations of the ErSc2N rotor within the C80 fullerene are observed in EPR, consistent with earlier studies using photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. For some crystal field orientations, electron spin relaxation is driven by an Orbach process via the first excited electronic state of the 4I(15/2) multiplet. We observe a change in the relative populations of the two ErSc2N configurations upon the application of 532 nm illumination, and are thus able to switch the majority cage symmetry. This photoisomerization, observable by both EPR and PLE, is metastable, lasting many hours at 20 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J L Morton
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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